JP2006009241A - Fishway exit equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fishway exit equipment which can be used by being connected to an exit of a fishway of a crossing structure such as a dam with a high head and a fluctuating water level on an upstream side, and which surely guides fishes and the like to the upstream side without making the fishes and the like, running up along a river, stay on the downstream side of the crossing structure. <P>SOLUTION: This fishway exit equipment comprises: a waterway forming section 10; an overflow wall 50 which is provided in such a manner as to cross a waterway in the waterway forming section 10, and which forms a separated flow, falling to the downstream side, over almost the whole longitudinal direction thereof, by the overflow of flowing water from the upstream side of the waterway in the waterway forming section 10; a chute 60 which is provided on the downstream side of the overflow wall 50 and in a position near the overflow wall 50, in the waterway forming section 10, and which freely drops the fishes and the like, running up along the waterway forming section 10, to the inside; and a guide pipe 71 which makes the chute 60 communicate with the upstream side with respect to the crossing structure of the river, and which guides the fishes and the like, falling into the chute 60, up to the upstream side with respect to the crossing structure of the river. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a fishway exit device arranged near the exit of a fishway, and more particularly, to a fishway exit device that can reliably guide fish and the like that have gone up a river to the upstream side without staying on the downstream side of the crossing workpiece. .

  Conventionally, when crossing structures (dams) as river structures such as weirs, head works, dams, etc. are installed in rivers, the rivers are divided at the crossing parts and traffic routes of aquatic organisms such as fish and crustaceans In particular, it is known that migratory fish (such as carp, carp, carp, carp, etc.) that go up and down (up and down) the river depending on the time have an effect on the up and down. Therefore, the fishway has been installed in the crossing work part of the river for a long time, and the fishes and the like move across the crossing work piece by connecting the downstream side and the upstream side of the river with the crossing work piece sandwiched by the fishway. The water channel is secured.

  Most existing fishways are additionally installed on river crossing structures constructed for flood control and water use, and the design target is often limited to specific fisheries important fish species. However, in recent years, the diversity of river environments and their conservation have become socially important, and a new type of fishway corresponding to many fish species has been devised. Against this background, the installation of fishways in river structures has been promoted more vigorously. However, the design conditions for dams with severe water level fluctuations have become stricter and there are few examples of implementation.

  Here, generally, there are a pool type fishway, a waterway type fishway, a baffle plate type fishway, a water level following type fishway, a rock type fishway, an elevator type fishway, a simple fishway, and other fishways as types of fishway. These are appropriately selected and installed according to various conditions such as the fish species going up and down the river, the water level upstream of the crossing work, the river flow velocity, and the like.

Among them, in the case of a fishway for a dam (high dam) with a large head and a large fluctuation in the water storage level, it is necessary to extend the fishway to cope with the high head, or the upstream end of the fishway Conventionally, a staircase type fishway, an ice harbor type fishway, a track type fishway, a spiral type (spiral type) fishway, etc. are used. In these fishways, fish, crustaceans, etc. are run up to the full surface of the dam, and beyond that, the waterways are extended to near the flooded bottom where the water level is stable to guide the fishes. In addition, as a literature regarding the fishway (fishway exit) of such a structure, there exists a technique of patent document 1, for example.
Patent 3246808

  According to the technique described in Patent Document 1, in a fishway provided in a river structure such as a dam or a weir, a fishway corresponding to a change in water level that can change the upstream or descending position of the fish according to the water level fluctuation upstream of the river structure. Is disclosed. This water level fluctuation-compatible fishway is provided with a plurality of steps on the wall surface of the river structure so that the water intake level is continuous in the height direction, and a discharge port penetrating the wall and upstream of each of these discharge ports. And a plurality of water tanks provided corresponding to the downstream sides of the plurality of outlets and connected to each other in a stepped manner, and along the wall surface of the bank An intake channel extending linearly in plan view, a relay channel having an upper end communicating with the lowermost stage of the intake channel and a lower end being released downstream of the river, and a side portion of the intake channel along an inclination thereof A basin having a lower end connected to the relay water channel in response to the remaining water of the intake channel.

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of fishway outlets (discharge outlets) must be installed in order to cope with fluctuations in the water level, and the structure becomes large and management is complicated. In addition, there is a problem that the outlet part for dealing with fluctuations in the water level is narrow and it is not easy for the upstream fish to find the upstream road.

  In addition, a structure that bypasses the water overflowed from the intake channel by connecting the lower end of the rod to the relay channel side is installed to adjust the flow rate of the fishway. If the flow velocity is high, there is a risk of disturbing the flow at the junction channel connection, and if the flow velocity is slow, fish that have gone up may be lost to the spillway.

  Therefore, the present invention can be used by connecting to the exit of a fishway of a crossing work that has a high head such as a dam and the upstream water level fluctuates, and crosses a fish that has gone up the river. It can be reliably guided to the upstream side without staying on the downstream side of the workpiece, the structure is simple and the economic burden for manufacturing and installation can be reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fishway exit device that is easy to manage without causing damage or accumulation of sediment such as sediment in the pool.

  The fishway exit device according to claim 1 is a fishway exit device provided in the vicinity of the exit of the fishway, and a water channel forming unit that forms a water channel for flowing water from the upstream side of the river crossing work, Overflow that is provided across the water channel in the water channel forming part, and causes the flowing water from the upstream side of the water channel of the water channel forming part to overflow, and forms a separated flow that falls downstream over substantially the entire length direction thereof. A wall, and a waterfall forming portion provided downstream of the overflow wall and in a vicinity of the overflow wall, and a drop port for allowing the fish and the like that have gone up the water channel formation portion to fall inside. A communication channel that communicates with the upstream side of the crossing workpiece of the river and the crossing workpiece of the river, and that guides fishes and the like that have fallen to the dropping port to the upstream side of the crossing workpiece of the river, Go up the water channel formation section and reach the vicinity of the overflow wall Fish, etc., as well as run-up blocked by separated flow from the overflow wall, to direct to the drop port along the overflow wall is obtained by forming the overflow wall.

  The fishway outlet device according to claim 2 is a fishway outlet device provided in the vicinity of the outlet of the fishway, and is located downstream of the river so as to be continuous with the upstream portion of the water tank disposed on the upstream side of the river. A downstream portion formed of an inclined path that is disposed on the side and slopes downward along the flow direction, and forms a water channel for flowing down the flowing water from the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece; and A pumping means for pumping water upstream from the crossing work of the river to the upstream part of the water channel forming part and an upstream part and a downstream part of the water channel so as to cross the water channel in the water channel forming part. , An overflow wall that overflows the flowing water from the upstream part of the water channel forming part and forms a separated flow that falls to the downstream part of the water channel forming part over substantially the entire length direction of the water channel forming part, Water from the upstream section crosses the overflow wall at a predetermined overflow depth The water level adjusting means for adjusting the water level in the upstream part of the water channel forming part to be constant, and provided in the vicinity of the lengthwise end of the overflow wall in the downstream part of the water channel forming part, A drop port for dropping fishes and the like that have gone upstream in the downstream part to the inside by a water flow that overflows the overflow wall, and connecting the drop port and the upstream side of the crossing work of the river, the drop port And a guide channel that guides the fish and the like that have fallen to the upstream side of the river crossing work by the water flow flowing into the drop port, and the upstream part of the water channel forming part is upstream. The overflow wall is configured so that fish and the like that have reached the vicinity of the wall are prevented from going up by the separated flow from the overflow wall and are guided along the overflow wall to the spillway.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fishway outlet device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the overflow wall is inclined at an inclination angle of about 5 to 10 degrees with respect to the width direction of the water channel of the water channel forming part. In addition, the spillway is disposed in the vicinity of the upstream end of the overflow wall, so that the overflow wall is moved up the water channel of the water channel formation part. Fish and the like that have reached the vicinity are prevented from going up by the separated flow from the overflow wall, and are guided to the pit along the overflow wall.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fishway outlet device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the dropper is configured such that fish or the like that has fallen into the guide channel returns from the dropper to the waterway of the waterway forming unit. It has a return part which prevents.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fishway outlet device according to the second aspect, wherein the guide channel is formed of a substantially cylindrical guide pipe, one end of which is connected to the outlet and the other end of the river. It is arranged in the water upstream of the crossing work, and the water flow that flows in from the one end through the drop port flows down to the other end, forcing the fish and the like more than the crossing work of the river It is guided to the water on the upstream side, and the drop port has a substantially frustum cylindrical shape, and the end on the side to be reduced in diameter is inserted into the opening at one end of the guide channel so as to protrude for a predetermined length. The return portion is configured by an end portion on the diameter reducing side that is connected to one end of the induction flow path and is inserted so as to protrude from the opening at one end of the induction flow path to a predetermined length. It is.

  A fishway outlet device according to a sixth aspect is the configuration of the second aspect, wherein the water level adjusting means is erected in an upstream portion of the water channel forming portion, and an opening at an upper end is disposed in the upstream portion of the water channel forming portion. , Having a flow control drainage pipe that exposes the opening at the lower end to the outside of the water channel forming portion, and the flow control drainage pipe has a height adjustment means for adjusting the height position of the opening at the upper end up and down. is there.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fishway outlet device according to the sixth aspect, wherein the flow regulating drainage pipe has a cylindrical shape extending upward from the bottom surface of the upstream portion of the water channel forming portion and a predetermined length range from the upper end thereof. A male cylinder portion having a male screw threaded on the outer peripheral surface thereof, and a female screw threadedly engaged with the male screw on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion are formed on the inner peripheral surface, and the upper side of the male screw portion on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion. An upper female cylinder portion that is screwed onto and attached to an inner peripheral surface of a female screw that engages with a male screw on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion, and a lower side of the male screw portion on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion A lower female cylinder portion that is screwed to the upper female cylinder portion, and the upper female cylinder portion of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe constitutes a height adjusting means of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe, and is screwed to the male cylinder portion. By adjusting the total amount and adjusting the protruding height from the upper end of the male cylinder part, the opening at the upper end of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe The height position can be adjusted up and down, and the lower female cylinder part of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe is adjusted to a screwing amount with respect to the male cylinder part, and the upper end thereof is set to a predetermined height position of the male cylinder part. Positioning and holding means for positioning and holding the upper female cylinder portion at a predetermined height position by making contact with the lower end of the adjusted and fixed upper female cylinder portion.

  A fishway outlet device according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the rectifier that is further disposed upstream of the water channel forming portion and rectifies the water flow from the upstream portion toward the overflow wall. Means are provided.

  A fishway outlet device according to a ninth aspect is the structure according to any one of the second, sixth and seventh aspects, wherein the overflow wall has a notch formed by notching a portion corresponding to the drop port. The height is set lower than the part other than the notch so that the overflow rate from the notch is greater than the overflow rate from the part other than the notch. The flow fell to the pit and the vicinity of the pit.

  A fishway outlet device according to a tenth aspect is the structure according to any one of the second, sixth, seventh and eighth aspects, wherein the downstream portion of the water channel forming portion is erected on the bottom wall and on both sides in the width direction of the bottom wall. The bottom wall of the downstream portion includes a slope that inclines downward along the flow direction and inclines downward toward the drop port.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to claim 1 is configured as described above, the fishway outlet device is connected to the outlet of a fishway such as a stepped fishway, and the water upstream of the crossing workpiece of the river is supplied to the waterway of the waterway forming unit. When the water flows down, the water flow flowing down the channel becomes a separated flow when it overflows the overflow wall, and falls to a position closest to the downstream side of the overflow wall in the water channel. Therefore, fish, crustaceans, etc. (called fishes in this document) that have run up the waterway formation from the fishway are prevented from going up by the overflow (separated flow) generated by the overflow wall. Then, the fish and the like that are prevented from going up swims along the overflow wall in search of the run-up road, and finally fall to the pit. And the fish etc. which fell to the drop mouth are guided to the upstream side from the crossing work of the river by the guide channel. Therefore, fish and the like do not stay near the exit of the fishway, it is possible to reliably guide the fish etc. to the upstream side of the river crossing work, and an excellent effect such as a simple structure. Demonstrate. As a result, the fishway outlet device according to claim 1 can be suitably applied by connecting to the fishway outlet of a crossing workpiece that has a high head such as a dam and the upstream water level fluctuates. It is possible to reliably guide the fish and the like that have run up to the upstream side without staying on the downstream side of the crossing workpiece. In addition, since the fishway exit device according to claim 1 has a simple structure, it can reduce the economic burden for manufacturing and installation, etc., and the fishway may be damaged due to increased water, etc. The accumulated matter does not accumulate, and the management thereof becomes easy.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to claim 2 is configured as described above, the fishway outlet device is connected to the outlet of a fishway such as a stepped fishway, and the water upstream of the crossing work of the river is supplied to the waterway of the waterway forming unit. When the water flows down from the upstream portion to the downstream portion, the water flow flowing down from the upstream portion to the downstream portion becomes a separation flow when it overflows the overflow wall, and falls to a position immediately adjacent to the overflow wall in the downstream portion. Therefore, fish and the like that have run up the downstream part of the waterway forming part from the fishway are prevented from going up by the separated flow generated by the overflow wall. Then, the fish and the like that are prevented from going up swims along the overflow wall in search of the run-up road, and finally fall to the pit. And the fish etc. which fell to the drop mouth are guided to the upstream side from the crossing work of the river by the guide channel. Therefore, fish and the like do not stay near the exit of the fishway, it is possible to reliably guide the fish etc. to the upstream side of the river crossing work, and an excellent effect such as a simple structure. Demonstrate. As a result, the fishway outlet device according to claim 1 can be suitably applied by connecting to the fishway outlet of a crossing workpiece that has a high head such as a dam and the upstream water level fluctuates. It is possible to reliably guide the fish and the like that have run up to the upstream side without staying on the downstream side of the crossing workpiece. In addition, since the fishway exit device according to claim 1 has a simple structure, it can reduce the economic burden for manufacturing and installation, and the fishway can be damaged due to increased water, etc. The accumulated part such as sediment is not deposited on the downstream part 12 serving as the part or the pool part of the fishway, and the management thereof becomes easy.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to the third aspect is configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of the first or second aspect, a drop mouth is disposed near the upstream end of the overflow wall. Therefore, fish and the like that have been prevented from going up by the overflow wall swim to the upstream side along the overflow wall due to their running characteristics (the habit of swimming against the flow direction) and are located near the upstream end of the overflow wall It is surely guided to the trap that was made. As a result, fish and the like can be more effectively guided to the mouth and collected, and can be efficiently dropped to the guide channel and guided to the upstream side of the river crossing work.

  Since the fishway exit device according to claim 4 is configured as described above, in addition to the operations and effects of any one of claims 1 to 3, it is further returned that fish or the like that has dropped into the dropout returns to the fishway again. It can prevent reliably by a part.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to claim 5 is configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of claim 4, the guide channel and the outlet can be realized by a simple structure of a cylindrical shape, The function of the return portion can be exhibited only by inserting the drop port into the guide channel.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to the sixth aspect is configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of the second aspect, the height position of the opening at the upper end of the flow regulating drain pipe is appropriately changed by the height adjusting means. Therefore, the water level upstream of the water channel forming part is adjusted and maintained at the desired water level, and the adjustment of the overflow water depth or the overflow water amount in the overflow part and the flow rate adjustment of the water flowing in the water channel of the water channel forming part can be easily performed. It can be carried out.

  Since the fishway exit device according to claim 7 is configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of claim 6, the upper female cylinder portion is further rotated clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the male cylinder portion. By simply doing this, the height position of the upper end of the upper female cylinder portion can be easily increased or decreased, and the flow rate of the water flowing in the water channel of the water channel forming unit can be easily adjusted. In addition, after adjusting the height position of the upper female cylinder part with respect to the male cylinder part, the lower female cylinder part is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, and the upper end of the upper female cylinder part is By abutting against the lower end, the upper female cylinder portion can be fixed at the adjustment height position to prevent displacement, and the amount of water flowing in the water channel of the water channel forming unit can be maintained at a constant amount.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to claim 8 is configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of any of claims 2, 6 and 7, when the water is pumped to the upstream portion of the water channel forming portion by the pumping means. The rectifying means rectifies the turbulent flow that may occur. Therefore, it is possible to supply the water flow from the upstream part of the water channel forming part to the overflow wall in a state rectified by the rectifying means, and to facilitate the flow of the overflow (separation flow) falling from the overflow wall. it can.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to claim 9 is configured as described above, in addition to the operation and effect of any one of claims 1 to 8, the overflow rate from the notch of the overflow wall (overflow water depth) However, it becomes larger than the overflow rate (overflow depth) of the other part, and a larger amount of separated flow falls from the notch to the outlet and the vicinity of the outlet. On the other hand, fishes and the like guided along the overflow wall encounter a fast flow due to a large amount of overflow from the notch, and move forward and backward by their own rushing force toward the fast flow. Although it tries to go up, it falls into the outlet without being able to endure the rapid flow rate caused by a large amount of overflow from the notch. As a result, the fish and the like can be surely dropped into the drop mouth by the rapid flow from the notch, and can be reliably guided to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece through the guide pipe.

  Since the fishway outlet device according to claim 10 is configured as described above, in addition to the operations and effects of any of claims 2, 6, 7, and 8, the bottom wall of the downstream portion of the water channel forming portion is along the flow direction. In addition, the downstream part of the water channel forming part has a water depth opposite to the outlet (on the side opposite to the outlet) than the water depth of the outlet. It becomes shallower. Therefore, fish and the like that run up the downstream part of the water channel forming part are guided from the shallow water depth part on the anti-falling side to the deep water depth part on the dropping mouth side due to their habit of not swimming on the extreme water surface part. . As a result, fish and the like that run up the downstream part of the water channel forming part can be more effectively guided to the pit.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as an embodiment) will be described.

Embodiment 1
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state where a fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to a fishway. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state where the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to the fishway. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to the fishway.

  The fishway exit device according to the first embodiment is located near the exit of the fishway that forms a run-up path from the downstream side of the river to the upstream side of the river through the transverse workpiece with respect to the river crossing work (such as a dam). Provided. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the fishway outlet device includes a water channel forming unit 10, a pumping means, a water level adjusting means, a rectifying means, an overflow wall 50, a drop outlet 60, and a guide. A flow path. The water channel forming unit 10 forms a water channel for flowing down water (such as water from a dam lake) from the upstream side of a river crossing workpiece. Specifically, the water channel forming part 10 has an upstream part 11 and a downstream part 12. The upstream part 11 has a water tank shape arranged on the upstream side of the river, and constitutes a water level adjusting part. Moreover, the downstream part 12 is arrange | positioned in the downstream of a river so that it may continue to the upstream part 11, and consists of a slope which inclines below along a flow direction. Specifically, the downstream part 12 of the water channel forming part 10 has a bottom wall 12a and a pair of side walls 12b erected on both sides in the width direction of the bottom wall 12a. Further, the bottom wall 12 a of the downstream portion 12 is composed of an inclined path that inclines downward along the flow direction and inclines downward toward the drop opening 60. That is, the downstream portion 12 is a slanted fishway portion, and the overflow from the overflow wall 50 flows in the downstream direction along the bottom wall 12a of the downstream portion 11, and at the overflow wall 50 portion, the throat 60 To flow toward. A straight water channel of the water channel forming unit 10 is formed by the upstream part 11 and the downstream part 12. In addition, in the bottom wall 12a of the downstream part 12, the lower parts of many coarse stones 12c are embedded, and the upper parts of the coarse stones 12c are exposed. The inclination angle (gradient) of the downstream portion 213 is preferably about 1/20 to 1/30 from the overflow wall 50 toward the downstream.

  The said pumping means is connected to the upstream part 11 of the water channel formation part 10, and pumps the water upstream from the crossing workpiece of a river in the upstream part 11. Specifically, the pumping means has a pumping pipe 21 and a valve 22. The pumping pipe 21 pumps water (water from a dam lake, etc.) upstream from the river crossing work by a pump or the like, and discharges the water into the upstream portion 11. Moreover, the valve 22 can adjust the water discharge amount per unit time to the upstream part 11 by the pumping pipe 21. On the other hand, a spill pipe 25 is connected to the pumping pipe 21 so that an excess amount of the pumped water from the pumping pipe 21 is returned to the upstream side (dam lake, etc.) of the river crossing work. . Further, a valve 26 is connected to the spillage pipe 25, and the amount of discharged water (spillage discharge quantity) per unit time upstream from the crossing work of the river through the spillage pipe 25 can be adjusted. Here, the pumping means is to fix the submersible pump in a place where the water level is always stable in the water such as the dam lake upstream from the crossing work of the river, or up and down depending on the fluctuation of the water level of the dam lake etc. A pump can be placed on the float to be pumped and pumped to the upstream portion 11 through the pumping pipe 21. In addition, the pumping means operates the valve 22 to secure the pumping amount necessary for guiding fish and the like (fish and crustaceans) to the overflow wall 50 and the outlet 60, and the pumping amount from the pumping pipe 21 is secured. In addition, the remaining water is drained from the remaining water pipe 25.

  The water level adjusting means is provided in the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming part 10, and water from the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming part 10 passes through the overflow wall 50 at a predetermined overflow water depth (overflow rate or overflow speed). It is for adjusting the water level in the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming part 10 to be constant so that the force of the overflow and separation flow from the overflow wall 50 is equal to or higher than the rushing force / rushing speed of fish and the like. . Specifically, the water level adjusting means has a drain pipe 31. The drain pipe 31 is erected perpendicularly to the upstream side (the pumping pipe 21 side) with respect to the length direction (flow direction) of the upstream portion 11 and penetrates the bottom wall 11a of the upstream portion 11. By adjusting the position of the upper end of the drain pipe 31 to a position that is higher than the height position of the upper end of the overflow wall 50 by a predetermined height (overflow water depth), the pump pipe 21 is placed in the upstream portion 11. The supplied pumped water is stored in the upstream portion 21 until the upper end of the drain pipe 31 is exceeded. In addition, the pumped water supplied from the pumped pipe 21 into the upstream portion 11 flows into the drain pipe 31 when it exceeds the upper end of the drain pipe 31 and is drained to the outside of the upstream section 11 by the drain pipe 31. In this way, the water from the upstream portion 11 always overflows the overflow wall 50 at a predetermined overflow depth by the drain pipe 31, and the water level in the upstream portion 11 is always adjusted to be constant. ing. The water level adjusting means can also be configured by adjusting the pumping amount per unit time of the pumping means, or by combining the pumping amount adjustment by the pumping means and the water level adjustment by the drain pipe 31. You can also That is, the water level adjusting means is configured such that the water from the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming section 10 overflows the overflow wall 50 at a predetermined overflow depth, and the force of the separation flow from the overflow wall 50 is the thrust force of fish and the like. -As long as the water level in the upstream part 11 of the water channel formation part 10 is adjusted uniformly so that it may become a rush speed or more, it can be set as arbitrary structures.

  Here, the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 50 is such that the overflow water depth of the notch 51 is about twice the overflow water depth of the portion other than the notch 51. It is preferable to adjust the amount of water pumped by the valve 21 and the valve 22 and / or the amount of water level adjusted by the drain pipe 31 as water level adjusting means. For example, the amount of water pumped by the pumping pipe 21 and the valve 22 as pumping means so that the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 50 is about 4 cm at the notch 51 and about 2 cm at the portion other than the notch 51. And the amount of water level adjustment by the drain pipe 31 as a water level adjustment means can be adjusted.

  The rectifying means includes a net-like rectifying plate 41 disposed so as to cross the upstream portion 11 at a position approximately in the center in the length direction in the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming portion 10. The rectifying plate 41 rectifies the water flow from the upstream portion 11 toward the overflow wall 50 to eliminate turbulence and the like, and always supplies the rectified water to the overflow wall 50.

  The overflow wall 50 is provided across the water channel in the water channel forming unit 10, and overflows the water flowing from the upstream side of the water channel of the water channel forming unit 10, and falls downstream substantially over the entire length direction. A separated flow is formed. That is, the overflow wall 50 is disposed between the upstream portion 11 and the downstream portion 12 of the water channel so as to cross the water channel in the water channel forming unit 10, and overflows the flowing water from the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming unit 10. Thus, a separation flow that falls to the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10 is formed over substantially the entire length direction. Specifically, the overflow wall 50 crosses between the upstream portion 11 and the downstream portion 12 so as to cross in a state substantially orthogonal to the length direction of the water channel, or in a state inclined at a predetermined inclination angle. Thus, it forms the flat form extended in the whole width direction of the water channel formation part 10. FIG. The overflow wall 50 is bent at a predetermined height portion on the upper end side toward the downstream side of the water channel forming portion 10. Further, the corner portion on the downstream side (left side in FIG. 3) of the upper end of the overflow wall 50 is formed at an acute angle. Thereby, the overflow from the overflow wall 50 is reliably separated into the downstream portion 12 as a separated flow.

  In addition, the fishway exit device according to the first embodiment prevents fish and the like that have reached the overflow wall 50 by going up the water channel forming unit 10 and preventing the fish from rising by the separated flow from the overflow wall 50. It is configured to guide along the wall 50 to the pit 60. That is, the overflow wall 50 prevents fish and the like that have reached the vicinity of the overflow wall 50 by going upstream from the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming part 10 by the separated flow from the overflow wall 50, and It is comprised so that it may guide to the drop 60 along the overflow wall 50 using property. Specifically, in the overflow wall 50, a portion corresponding to the drop opening 60 is cut out to form a cutout portion 51, and the height of the cutout portion 51 is set lower than a portion other than the cutout portion 51. As a result, the overflow wall 50 is configured such that the overflow water depth at the notch 51 is greater than the overflow water depth at a portion other than the notch 51, and the overflow rate from the notch 51 is notch 51. The flow rate of the separated flow from the notch 51 is set to be larger than the flow rate of the separated flow from the portion other than the notch 51. Furthermore, the overflow wall 50 has the notch 51 so that the overflow from the notch 51 falls to the drop 60 and the vicinity of the drop 60 (the vicinity of the right side of the drop 60 in FIG. 2). The position and shape are set. Thereby, the fish etc. which went up the downstream part 12 and reached | attained the overflow wall 50 part other than the drop mouth 60 moved along the overflow wall 50, and the notch 51 of the relatively small overflow flow rate It is guided from the other part to the notch 51 part having a larger overflow rate (or a larger flow velocity) and finally guided to the drop opening 60. In addition, the bottom wall 12a that forms the inclined path of the downstream portion 12 is also a pit for fish and the like that run up the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10 toward the overflow wall 50 by using its mobility. Functions to guide up to 60.

  The drop port 60 is provided at the downstream side of the overflow wall 20 and in the vicinity of the overflow wall 50 in the water channel forming unit 10, and fish and the like that have gone up the water channel forming unit 10 can freely fall inside. It has become. Specifically, the outlet 60 is located near the longitudinal end of the overflow wall 20 in the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10, that is, at the upstream end of the downstream portion 12 (boundary portion with the overflow wall 50). It is provided at the left end (left end in FIG. 2) corner portion. Then, a large amount of separated flow from the cutout portion 51 of the overflow wall 50 falls to the dropping port 60 and the vicinity thereof, and fish and the like that have gone up the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10 are overflowing wall 50. It falls into the inside of the drop port 60 due to the separation flow that flows over.

  The guide channel communicates the drop 60 with the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece, and guides fish or the like that has dropped at the drop 60 to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece. . Specifically, the guide channel is composed of a guide pipe 71 that connects the pit 30 and the upstream side of the river crossing work (for example, a dam lake in the case of a dam). Are guided to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece by a large amount of water flow flowing into the drop port 60 from the cutout portion 51 of the overflow wall 50 or the like. The guide pipe 71 of the guide channel has a substantially cylindrical shape, and one end (inflow side opening) is connected to the dropping port 60, and the other end (discharge side opening) is upstream from the river crossing workpiece. It is placed in the water on the side. Then, the guide pipe 71 is configured such that the water flow that flows in from the one end through the outlet 60 flows down to the other end, forcing the fish and the like to a dam lake upstream of the river crossing workpiece or the like. To be guided into the water. In addition, for example, the other end of the guide pipe 71 is a portion of the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece, for example, a portion up to the full water surface of the dam lake, and a portion extending to the lowest water level surface thereafter Can also be semi-cylindrical. In this way, when the dam lake is full, fish and the like can be smoothly guided into the water such as the dam lake through the guidance interval 71.

Next, the fishway to which the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 1 is applied will be described.
The fishway 1 is a stepped fishway that is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle, and a plurality of pool portions 3 are constituted by a plurality of partition walls 2. When embodied as a fishway for high dams, the fishway 1 is a staircase type fishway with a steep slope according to the height of the high dam. Moreover, the partition 2 of the fishway 1 has a horizontal part 2a and a notch part 2b at its upper end. Furthermore, the pool part 3 is filled with many cobblestones, gravel, crushed stones, and the like. And the water flow from the downstream part 12 of a fishway exit apparatus flows down by the inclination of the fishway 1, and overflows the partition 2, and forms the upstream path for fish etc. The overflow water depth of the partition wall 2 is preferably configured so that the overflow water depth of the notch portion 2b is about twice the overflow water depth of the horizontal portion 2a. For example, the overflow water depth of the partition wall 2 can be configured such that the overflow water depth of the horizontal portion 2a is about 4 to 5 cm and the overflow water depth of the notch portion 2b is about 8 to 9 cm. In this case, the overflow rate of the horizontal portion 2a of the partition wall 2 is about 0.4 to 0.6 m / sec, the pumping amount of the pumping means, the water level adjustment amount of the water level adjusting means, and the overflow of the overflow wall 50. It is preferable to appropriately adjust the flowing water depth, the inclination angle of the downstream portion 12, the inclination angle of the fishway 1 itself, and the like. Moreover, it is preferable that the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 12 is inclined so that the water flow from the downstream portion 212 is directed to the cutout portion 2b of the first partition wall 2 of the fishway 1. Further, in the fishway 1, the waterway width (width) of the first pool part 3 is equal to the waterway width (width) of the downstream part 12 of the waterway forming part 10 of the fishway outlet device. The water channel width (width) of the part 3 is set smaller than the water channel width (width) of the downstream part 12 of the water channel forming part 10 of the fishway outlet device. Thereby, in the downstream part 12 of the water channel forming part 10 of the fishway outlet device, even when the amount of water in the downstream part 12 decreases with the inflow from the drop port 60 to the guide pipe 71, the upstream path is formed in the fishway 1. Therefore, it is possible to secure a necessary flow rate.

Method of Use, Action, and Effect Next, the method of use, action, and effect of the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 1 configured as described above will be described.
First, the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 1 is connected and installed at the exit of the fishway 1 provided in a crossing workpiece such as a dam as shown in FIG. In this state, water such as a dam lake is pumped up by the pumping means of the fishway outlet device, and supplied from the pumping pipe 21 into the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming unit 10. Then, when the water level in the upstream portion 11 is equal to or higher than the first predetermined water level (overflow start water level), that is, the height of the upper end (top end) of the overflow wall 50, the water in the upstream portion 11 It overflows the overflow wall 50. And if the water level of the upstream part 11 becomes the 2nd predetermined water level (adjusted water level), ie, the water level which implement | achieves the predetermined overflow water depth of the said overflow wall 50, the water level in the upstream part 11 will be set by the water level adjustment means. A constant water level is maintained, and the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 50 is maintained constant. That is, at this time, the water in the upstream portion 11 flows into the upper end of the water distribution pipe 31 as the water level adjusting means in the upstream portion 11, and excess water in the upstream portion 11 is discharged to the outside through the drain pipe 31. The water level in the upstream portion 11 is maintained at the second predetermined water level (adjusted water level), and the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 50 is maintained at the predetermined water depth. Also, the water level in the upstream portion 11 is adjusted to the second predetermined water level (adjusted water level) by adjusting the pumping amount from the pumping pipe 21 by the valve 22 of the pumping means and discharging unnecessary water from the spill pipe 25. The overflow water depth of the overflow wall 50 is maintained at a predetermined water depth.

  The overflow from the overflow wall 50 formed in this way falls downward from the upper corner of the upper corner of the overflow wall 50 that bends so as to be inclined and project toward the downstream portion 12 side. Become. This separated flow is formed over the entire length of the overflow wall 50, and falls toward the bottom wall 12 a of the downstream portion 12 at a position closest to the overflow wall 50. At this time, the rectifying plate 41 as the rectifying means rectifies the turbulent flow that may occur when the water is pumped to the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming unit 10 by the pumping pipe 21 or the like as the pumping means. Therefore, the water flow from the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming part 10 to the overflow wall 50 can be supplied in a state rectified by the rectifying means, and the flow of the overflow (separation flow) falling from the overflow wall 50 can be smoothly performed. Can be. The water falling on the downstream part 12 flows down the downstream part 12 along the inclination of the bottom wall 12a of the downstream part 12, and forms a run-up path for fish and the like in the downstream part 12. Further, the water flowing down the downstream portion 12 flows into the fishway 1 and flows down along the fishway 1 to form a run-up path for fish and the like in the fishway 1. In addition, the arrow in FIG. 1 shows the direction of the overflow from the overflow wall 50, and the direction of the water flow of the downstream part 12, respectively.

  Therefore, the fish and the like that run up from the downstream side of the crossing work of the river go up the fishway 1 in the direction opposite to the flow direction while resting in the pool part 3 of the fishway 1 as appropriate. It enters the downstream part 12 of the water channel forming part 10. Thereafter, fish and the like ascend upstream of the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10 to the overflow wall 50. At this time, fish and the like try to go up further toward the overflow from the overflow wall 50, but the overflow from the overflow wall 50 is a separated flow, and the upstream flow is prevented by the separated flow. The Then, fish and the like that are prevented from going up swim along the overflow wall 50 looking for the way up. At this time, the downstream portion 12 inclines downward toward the fishway 1 (along the flow direction) and also inclines downward toward the outlet 60, so that the water depth in the downstream portion 12 is opposite to the outlet 60. Is the shallowest and gradually becomes deeper toward the throat 60. Therefore, fish and the like that run up the downstream part 12 of the water channel forming part 10 do not swim on the extreme water surface part, and therefore, from the shallow depth part on the anti-dropper side to the deep part on the pit 60 side. Be guided. As a result, fish and the like that run up the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10 can be more effectively guided to the pit 60. That is, fish and the like are naturally guided along the overflow wall 50 to the drop mouth 60 due to a change in water depth.

  Further, at this time, in the vicinity of the drop opening 60, a larger amount of overflow from the cutout portion 51 of the overflow wall 50 falls as a separated flow at a higher flow velocity than the other portions. That is, the overflow rate (overflow water depth) from the notch 51 of the overflow wall 50 becomes larger than the overflow rate (overflow water depth) of the other part, and a larger amount of separated flow from the notch 51 drops. 60 and the vicinity of the drop opening 60. On the other hand, fish and the like guided along the overflow wall 50 in the direction of the drop mouth 60 encounter a fast flow due to a large amount of overflow from the notch 51, and due to their rushing force toward the fast flow. Although it tries to move forward and backward, it does not endure the sudden flow velocity due to a large amount of overflow from the notch 51, and finally falls to the outlet 60. As a result, fish and the like can be reliably dropped into the drop mouth 60 by the rapid flow from the notch 51 and can be reliably guided to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece via the guide pipe 71. That is, in the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 1, fish and the like that have fallen to the dropout 60 are automatically guided to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece by the guide pipe 71 as a guide channel. Therefore, fish and the like do not stay in the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming portion 10 of the fishway outlet device disposed near the exit of the fishway 1, and reliably guide the fish and the like upstream of the river crossing workpiece. Can do. As a result, the fishway outlet device of the first embodiment is connected to the outlet of the fishway 1 of a crossing workpiece that has a high head such as a dam and the upstream water level fluctuates due to the simple structure as described above. Therefore, the fish and the like that have gone up the river can be reliably guided to the upstream side without staying on the downstream side of the crossing workpiece. Moreover, since the fishway exit apparatus of Embodiment 1 has a simple structure, it can reduce the economic burden for manufacturing and installation. Furthermore, the fishway exit device according to the first embodiment pumps water from a dam lake or the like to the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming part 10 by means of pumping means, and forms a run-up path for fish or the like in the downstream part 12. There is no damage to the fishway exit device or the fishway 1 due to increased water in the lake or accumulation of sediment such as sediment in the downstream part 12 or the pool part 3 of the fishway 1 or the like. Its easy to manage.

  As described above, according to the fishway exit device according to the first embodiment, the fishes are naturally guided from the fishway exit device to the dam lake, etc. using the instincts of fish such as ayu and satsuki trout trying to run up. Not only can this be done, but the drop port 60 connected to the guide channel to the dam lake is a drop-down type. It can be guided naturally to dam lakes. Note that the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 1 is disposed at a position slightly higher than the normally expected full water surface of a dam lake or the like, and is open at one end of the guide pipe 71 (fall port 60) even when the dam lake or the like is full. The water flow in the guide pipe 71 is formed using the difference in height between the opening on the side and the opening on the other end (opening on the dam lake side), and the water is guided or transported to the dam lake or the like by the water flow. To. However, when a water pressure pump or the like is provided in the guide pipe 71, the fishway outlet device can be arranged at a position below the normally expected full water surface such as a dam lake.

  Further, in the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1, the water flow in the downstream portion 12 is loosely meandered by the coarse stone 12c embedded in the bottom wall 12a of the downstream portion 12, and the flow velocity is controlled. Then, a fish species having a weak swimming ability moves from the slow flow rate portion (stagnation) on the back side (downstream side) of the coarse stone 12c to the slow flow rate portion (stagnation) on the back side of the next upstream coarse stone. It becomes possible to move forward gradually and to go up the downstream portion 12. By adjusting the inclination of the bottom wall 12a of the downstream portion 12 and the arrangement mode of the coarse stone 12c, fish and the like that run up the downstream portion 12 swim in the direction of the cutout portion 51 of the overflow wall 50. It is also possible to control such that.

Embodiment 2
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state where the overflow wall portion of the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is viewed from above, and (a) is a left side of the upstream road just before the overflow wall. The case where it arranges is shown, (b) shows the case where a pit is arranged on the right side of a run-up road just before the overflow wall.
The fishway outlet device according to the second embodiment has a feature in the installation angle of the overflow wall 150 in addition to the features of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, in the fishway outlet device according to the second embodiment, the overflow wall 150 is located between the upstream portion 11 and the downstream portion 12 of the water channel forming unit 10 in the width direction of the water channel (FIG. 4). It is arranged transversely in the water channel of the water channel forming part 10 so as to incline at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction in the middle. Preferably, the overflow wall 150 is transversely disposed in the water channel of the water channel forming unit 10 so as to be inclined in the range of about 5 degrees to 10 degrees as the inclination angle θ with respect to the width direction of the water channel of the water channel forming unit 10. . Further, the drop port 60 is disposed near the upstream end of the overflow wall 150 (the end located on the upstream side of the upstream road). Here, as shown in FIG. 4A, the overflow wall 150 can also be arranged so that the left end becomes the upstream end in the flow direction. In this case, the drop port 60 is disposed at a position closest to the downstream side of the left end as the upstream end of the overflow wall 150. Or the overflow wall 150 can also be arrange | positioned so that a right end may become an upstream end toward a flow direction, as shown in FIG.4 (b). In this case, the drop port 60 is disposed at a position closest to the downstream side of the right end as the upstream end of the overflow wall 150. As a result, the fish and the like that have run upstream in the downstream portion 12 as the water channel of the water channel forming unit 10 and have reached the vicinity of the overflow wall 150 are prevented from rising upstream by the separated flow from the overflow wall 150 and the overflow wall 150. In this way, it is guided to the throat 60. For convenience of explanation, the shape of the overflow wall 150 is illustrated as a simple flat plate in FIG. 4, but can be the same shape as the overflow wall 50 of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment. .

  In the fishway outlet device according to the second embodiment, the drop port 60 is disposed near the upstream end of the overflow wall 150. Therefore, the fish and the like that have been prevented from going up by the overflow wall 150 swim upstream along the overflow wall 150 due to their running properties (the habit of swimming against the flow direction), and the upstream end of the overflow wall 150 It is reliably guided to the pit 60 arranged in the vicinity. As a result, fish and the like can be more effectively guided to the outlet 60 to collect the fish, and can be efficiently dropped into the guide section 70 as a guide channel, upstream of the river crossing work (dam lake, etc. ).

Embodiment 3
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a connection portion between a drop port and a guide tube of a fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In addition to the features of the fishway exit device according to the first embodiment, the fishway exit device according to the third embodiment has a feature in the drop mouth 160. The other configuration is the same as that of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, in the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 3, the pit 160 has a return portion 161. The return portion 161 of the drop port 160 functions to prevent fish and the like that have fallen on the guide pipe 71 serving as a guide channel from rushing back from the drop port 160 to the downstream portion 12 of the water channel of the water channel forming unit 10. . Specifically, the drop port 160 has a substantially frustum cylinder shape (conical frustum cylinder shape, truncated pyramid cylinder shape) with both ends open, and the end of the diameter-reducing side is within the opening of one end of the guide tube 71. It is inserted and connected to one end of the guide tube 71. In addition, the drop port 160 constitutes the return portion 161 by an end portion on the side to be reduced in diameter that is inserted into the inside from an opening at one end of the guide tube 71. In the example of FIG. 5, the drop mouth 160 has a truncated cone shape from the substantially axial center to the lower end side (return portion 161 side), and a square pyramid portion from the approximately axial center to the upper end side. It is cylindrical. In addition, the drop opening 160 constitutes the return portion 161 by inserting at least a part (or all) of the truncated cone portion into one end opening of the guide tube 71. A space that is closed on the upper end side (one end side of the guide tube 71) is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the return portion 161 and the inner peripheral surface of the one end portion of the guide tube 71.

  According to the fishway exit device according to the third embodiment, it is possible to return the fish and the like that have fallen into the drop mouth 160 to the return portion 160 in the direction opposite to the flow direction and return to the downstream portion 12 of the fishway exit device again. 161 can reliably prevent this. That is, fish or the like falls from the dropper 160 to the inside of the guide pipe 71 through the return part 161, while the return part 161 tapers even if it rushes to the dropout 160 from the guide pipe 71. Therefore, it becomes very difficult to enter the opening of the return portion 161, and the return portion 161 does not return to the drop mouth 160. In addition, both the guide tube 71 and the drop port 160 can be realized by a simple structure of a cylindrical shape, and the function of the return portion 161 can be exhibited only by inserting the drop port 160 into the guide tube 71. it can.

Embodiment 4
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the water level adjusting means of the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In addition to the features of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment, the fishway outlet device according to the fourth embodiment has features in the water level adjusting means. The other configuration is the same as that of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 4, the water level adjusting means has a flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130. The flow control drain pipe 130 has a cylindrical shape with both ends opened as a whole, and is erected in the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming unit 10, and the upper end opening is disposed in the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming unit 10, The opening at the lower end is exposed to the outside of the water channel forming part 10. Furthermore, the flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130 has a height adjusting means for adjusting the height position of the opening at the upper end up and down. Specifically, the flow control drain pipe 130 includes a male cylinder part 131, an upper female cylinder part 132, and a lower female cylinder part 133. The male tube portion 131 has a cylindrical shape extending upward from the bottom surface of the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming portion 10, and a male screw 131a is screwed on the outer peripheral surface extending from the upper end to a predetermined length range. In addition, the upper female cylinder portion 132 is formed with a female screw 132a that is screwed into the male screw 131a on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 131 on the inner peripheral surface, and is screwed on the upper side of the male screw 131a portion on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 131. To be installed. Further, the lower female cylinder portion 133 has a female screw (not shown) that is engaged with the male screw 131 a on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 131 on the inner peripheral surface, and the male screw 131 a portion on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 131. Installed by screwing down. The upper female cylinder 131 of the flow control drain pipe 130 constitutes a height adjusting means for the flow control drain pipe 130. Thereby, the amount of screwing of the upper female cylinder part 131 with respect to the male cylinder part 131 is adjusted, and the protrusion height of the upper female cylinder part 132 from the upper end of the male cylinder part 131 is adjusted. The height position of the upper end opening of the upper female cylinder portion 132, that is, the height position of the upper end opening of the upper female cylinder 132 can be adjusted up and down. Further, the lower female cylinder part 133 of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130 adjusts the screwing amount with respect to the male cylinder part 131 and adjusts and fixes the upper end thereof to a predetermined height position of the male cylinder part 131. By positioning the upper female cylinder portion 132 at a predetermined height position, the positioning and holding means is configured.

  According to the fishway outlet device according to the fourth embodiment, the height position of the upper end opening of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130 is appropriately changed by the upper female cylinder portion 132 as the height adjusting means, so that the upstream side of the water channel forming portion 10. The water level of the section 11 is adjusted and maintained at a desired water level, and the adjustment of the overflow water depth or the overflow water amount of the overflow section 50 and the flow rate adjustment of the water flowing in the downstream section 12 constituting the water channel of the water channel forming section 10 are simple. Can be done. Furthermore, the height position of the upper end of the upper female cylinder part 132 can be easily increased or decreased by simply rotating the upper female cylinder part 132 clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the male cylinder part 131. Various adjustments such as the water level of the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming portion 10, the overflow depth of the overflow wall 50, and the flow rate in the downstream portion 12 can be easily performed. In addition, after adjusting the height position of the upper female cylinder part 132 with respect to the male cylinder part 131, the lower female cylinder part 133 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, and the upper end of the upper female cylinder part 133 is moved upward. By abutting against the lower end of 132, the upper female cylinder portion 132 can be fixed at the adjustment height position to prevent displacement, the water level of the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming portion 10 and the overflow of the overflow wall 50 can be prevented. The flowing water depth, the amount of water flowing in the downstream portion 12 and the like can be maintained at a constant value.

Embodiment 5
FIG. 7: is a perspective view which shows the state which connected the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention to the fishway. FIG. 8: is a top view which shows the state which connected the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention to the fishway. FIG. 9: is sectional drawing which shows the state which cut | disconnected the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention in the pool part part.
In addition to the features of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment, the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment has a feature in the configuration of the downstream portion 212 of the water channel forming unit 210. The other configuration is the same as that of the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, in the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment, the downstream portion 212 of the water channel forming portion 210 flows from the upstream side of the river crossing work (water of the dam lake). Etc.) is formed. Specifically, the water channel forming unit 210 includes an upstream part 11 and a downstream part 212 similar to the upstream part 11 of the first embodiment. The downstream part 212 is arranged on the downstream side of the river so as to be continuous with the upstream part 11, and includes a slope that inclines downward along the flow direction. Specifically, the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 has a bottom wall 212a and a pair of side walls 212b erected on both sides in the width direction of the bottom wall 212a. That is, the downstream part 11 is a ramp-type fishway part. The upstream portion 11 and the downstream portion 212 form a straight water channel of the water channel forming unit 210. Further, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 is embedded with the lower portions of many coarse stones 212c, and the upper portions of the coarse stones 212c are exposed. In FIGS. 8 and 9, the rough stone 212c is not shown for convenience of explanation. Further, the drop port 60 is located in the vicinity of the longitudinal end of the overflow wall 50 in the downstream portion 212 of the water channel forming portion 210, that is, the left end corner of the upstream end of the downstream portion 212 (boundary portion with the overflow wall 50). Provided in the department.

  Furthermore, in the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 5, the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 has a pool part 213 at the central part and the right part of the predetermined length part on the downstream side. That is, on the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212, a flat partition wall 213a is erected substantially vertically at a position spaced apart from the left side wall 212b by a predetermined distance so as to be substantially parallel to the left and right side walls 212b. Further, a flat partition wall 213b is erected substantially vertically at the downstream end of the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 so as to integrally connect the downstream end of the right side wall 212b and the downstream end of the partition wall 213a. Yes. The pool portion 213 is formed in a substantially rectangular frame shape having an upper end opened by the right side wall 212b of the downstream portion 212 and the partition walls 213a and 213b. Further, a connecting passage 214 to the fishway 201 for connecting the fishway outlet device is formed between the left side wall 212b and the partition wall 213a of the downstream portion 212. Therefore, the position of the side wall partition 213a with respect to the side wall 212b of the downstream portion 212 is such that the distance between the left side wall 212b and the partition wall 213a on the left side of the downstream portion 212 is Set to be the same as the width. Further, a drain port 221 is provided in a right corner portion (a corner portion between the right side wall 212b and the partition wall 213b) at the downstream end of the pool portion 213 of the downstream portion 212. A drain pipe 222 is connected to the drain port 221, and water flowing in from the drain port 221 is discharged to the outside of the pool part 213 of the downstream part 212 through the drain pipe 222, and the water level of the pool part 213 is maintained substantially constant. At the same time, the overflow of water from the pool part 213 is prevented.

  Here, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 is inclined downward along the flow direction in the direction from the overflow wall 50 to the pool portion 213, and downward toward the drop port 60 in the overflow wall 50 portion. It consists of an inclined slope. On the other hand, the bottom wall 212a of the pool portion 213 portion of the downstream portion 212 is composed of an inclined path that inclines downward along the flow direction and inclines downward toward the drain port 221. Thereby, the overflow from the overflow wall 50 flows toward the pool part 213 along the bottom wall 12 a of the downstream part 12. And the water flow of the pool part 213 part flows toward the drain port 221 while flowing toward the partition 213b. In addition, in the part between the pool part 213 and the connection channel | path 214 of the downstream part 212, it is preferable to set the inclination of the bottom wall 212a so that the water flow from the pool part 213 to the connection channel | path 214 may be dripped. Moreover, it is preferable that the drainage port 221 can adjust the height position of the upper end opening up and down. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a cylindrical pipe 223 is coaxially inserted into the drain outlet 221, and the pipe 223 is slid up and down with respect to the drain outlet 221 to set the vertical position. Adjustable. In this case, the water depth (water level) of the pool part 213 can be arbitrarily adjusted by adjusting the height position of the pipe 223 of the drain outlet 221 up and down. Further, the height of the pipe member 223 can be adjusted by adopting the same configuration as that of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130 of the fourth embodiment.

  Note that the fishway 201 to which the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment is applied is a steep ramp type fishway with a rough stone, and the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment is downstream of the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210. The left side portion of the end, that is, the portion (connecting portion) between the left side wall 212b and the partition wall 213a is connected to the upstream end of the fishway 201 and installed.

  By the way, in the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment, the upstream pipe 11 of the water channel forming section 210 is not provided with the drain pipe 31 or the flow regulating drain pipe 130 as the water level adjusting means. Also in this case, by adjusting the pumping amount from the pumping pipe 21 as the pumping means by the valve 22, the water level in the upstream portion 11 is kept constant, the overflow depth of the overflow wall 50 and the flow rate of the downstream portion 12. Can be kept constant. Further, in the fifth embodiment, since the drain port 221 is provided at the downstream end of the pool unit 213 of the downstream unit 212, the height position of the drain port 221 is adjusted as described above, for example. By adjusting the water level of the part 213, the water level or flow rate in the downstream part 212 can be adjusted. However, like the fishway outlet device according to the first embodiment, also in the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment, the drain pipe 31 or the flow rate regulating drain pipe as the water level adjusting means is provided in the upstream part 11 of the water channel forming unit 210. 130 may be provided. In addition, in the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment, the overflow wall 150 is installed at a predetermined inclination angle as in the fishway outlet device according to the second embodiment, or like the fishway outlet device according to the third embodiment. It is also possible to provide a pit 160 having a return portion 161.

Method of Use, Action, and Effect Next, a method of use, action, and effect of the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 5 configured as described above will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the fishway outlet device according to the fifth embodiment is installed in connection with the outlet of the fishway. In this state, water from a dam lake or the like is pumped from a pumping pipe 21 as a pumping means of the fishway outlet device, and supplied to the upstream portion 11. Then, the upstream portion 11 is filled with water, and the water level in the upstream portion 11 is not less than the first predetermined water level (overflow start water level), that is, not less than the height of the upper end (top end) of the overflow wall 50. The water in the upstream portion 11 overflows the overflow wall 50. And when the water level of the upstream part 11 becomes the second predetermined water level (adjusted water level), that is, the water level realizing the predetermined overflow depth of the overflow wall 50, by adjusting the valve 22 of the pumping means, etc. The water level in the upstream part 11 is maintained at a constant water level, and the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 50 is maintained constant.

  The overflow from the overflow wall 50 formed in this way falls downward from the upper corner of the upper corner of the overflow wall 50 bent so as to be inclined and project toward the downstream portion 212 side, and is separated into a separated flow. Become. This separated flow is formed over the entire length of the overflow wall 50, and falls toward the bottom wall 212 a of the downstream portion 212 at a position closest to the overflow wall 50. At this time, the turbulent flow that may occur when the water is pumped to the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming unit 210 by the pumping pipe 21 or the like as the pumping means is rectified by the rectifying plate 41. Further, the water that has fallen to the downstream portion 212 flows down the downstream portion 212 along the inclination of the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212, and forms a upstream path for fish and the like in the downstream portion 212. Further, the water flowing down the downstream portion 212 flows into the pool portion 213 and fills the pool portion 213 to form a rapid place such as a fish that has gone up. In addition, when the pool part 213 reaches a predetermined water level or higher, the water in the pool part 213 is discharged to the outside from the drain port 221 through the drain pipe 222, and the flow rate adjustment in the downstream part 212 is also performed by the drain port 221. . On the other hand, the water that has flowed down the downstream portion 212 flows into the fishway 201 via the connection passage 214, flows down along the fishway 201, and forms a run-up path for fish and the like in the fishway 201. Note that the arrows in FIG. 7 indicate the direction of water flow from the upstream portion 11 toward the downstream portion 212 through the overflow wall 50.

  Therefore, fish and the like that run up the fishway 201 against the flow direction go up the connection passage 214 against the flow direction and enter the downstream portion 212 of the water channel forming unit 210. And the fish etc. which entered the downstream part 212 go up to the overflow wall 50 in the downstream part 212 of the water channel formation part 210 toward the upstream. At this time, fish and the like try to go up further toward the overflow from the overflow wall 50, but the overflow from the overflow wall 50 is a separated flow, and the upstream flow is prevented by the separated flow. The Then, the fish and the like that have been prevented from going up swims along the overflow wall 50 in search of the run-up road, and are finally guided to the drop 60 and fall into the drop 60. At this time, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 can be inclined downward toward the drop port 60 in the vicinity of the overflow wall 50 as in the above embodiment. As a result, the water depth in the vicinity of the overflow wall 50 in the downstream portion 212 is shallowest at the end opposite to the drop port 160 and gradually becomes deeper toward the drop port 60. Therefore, fish and the like that run up the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 do not swim on the extreme water surface part, so that from the shallow water depth part on the anti-dropper side to the deep water depth part on the pit 60 side. Be guided. As a result, fish and the like that run up the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 can be more effectively guided to the pit 60. However, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 can be made the same height without being inclined downward toward the drop port 60 in the vicinity of the overflow wall 50. As a result, the fishway outlet device of the fifth embodiment has the same operations and effects as the fishway outlet device of the first embodiment.

  Further, the waterway width (width) of the fishway 201 is set to be considerably smaller than the waterway width (width) of the downstream part 212 of the waterway forming part 210 of the fishway outlet device. Thereby, in the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 of the fishway outlet device, the waterway in the downstream part 12 also decreases when the water amount decreases from the drop port 60 to the guide pipe 71 and the pool part 213. In 201, it is possible to secure a flow rate necessary to form a run-up path. In addition, the arrow in FIG. 7 shows the direction of the overflow from the overflow wall 50, and the direction of the water flow of the downstream part 12, respectively. In addition, a surface W indicated by a two-dotted line in the water channel forming part 210 in FIG. 7 indicates a state of overflow from the water surface in the upstream part 11 and the overflow wall 50.

Embodiment 6
FIG. 10: is a top view which shows the state which applied the fishway exit apparatus based on Embodiment 6 of this invention with respect to the fishway for dams as a measure against upstream of fish etc. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 6 is installed between the downstream path 301 and the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway so as to be substantially orthogonal thereto. Specifically, the downstream path 301 and the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway are arranged in parallel to each other at a predetermined distance. On the other hand, the fishway outlet device according to the sixth embodiment includes the water channel forming unit 210, the flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130, the overflow wall 150, the drop port 160, the guide pipe 71, and the like as described in the respective embodiments. Yes. Further, the water channel forming part 210 extends linearly in a substantially orthogonal state so as to connect the upstream end of the downstream path 301 of the dam fishway and the downstream end of the upstream path 302. Furthermore, the fishway outlet device according to the sixth embodiment includes a connecting passage 311 that connects the connecting passage 214 of the downstream portion 212 of the water passage forming portion 210 and the upstream end of the downstream passage 301 of the dam fishway. The connecting passage 311 has a length corresponding to the space between the left and right side walls 212b of the downstream portion 212 so as to be slightly closer to the upstream portion 11 side of the water passage forming portion 210, while being substantially entirely in the width direction of the water passage forming portion 210 (FIG. 10 substantially in the left-right direction). In addition, the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 6 is a connection that connects the left end side (left end side in FIG. 10) viewed from the water flow direction of the upstream portion 11 and the downstream end of the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway. A passage 312 is provided. The left and right side walls 212b of the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 extend to the upstream part 11 and also constitute the left and right side walls of the upstream part 11. The connecting passage 312 has a length from one side wall 212b of the water channel forming part 210 (left side in FIG. 10) to the downstream end of the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway, and the length of the upstream path 302. It extends in the direction (left-right direction in FIG. 10).

  Furthermore, the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 6 includes a communication passage 313 that communicates with the communication passage 312 and extends while curving in a direction approaching the upstream portion 11. A corner drop member 314 is detachably disposed across the distal end opening of the communication passage 313. In addition, the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 6 includes a pumping-side water storage unit 315 on the right side of the water channel forming unit 210. That is, the water storage side water storage part 315 is a plane between the side wall 212b of the water channel forming part 210, the partition wall 315a disposed inside the communication passage 313, and the partition wall 315b connected to the side wall 312a outside the communication passage 312. It is formed by a substantially triangular area. Further, in the fishway outlet device according to the sixth embodiment, a pumping pipe 320 serving as a pumping means is vertically arranged at a predetermined position in the pumped water storage section 315. The pumping pipe 320 has a water supply structure (pumping structure) similar to the pumping pipe 21 of the pumping means of the first embodiment, and pumps up water from a dam lake or the like and supplies it into the pumped water storage section 315. ing. Moreover, the pumping means can adjust the pumping amount from the pumping pipe 320 similarly to the pumping means of Embodiment 1. An auxiliary drain pipe 321 is arranged on the upstream side of the pool part 213 in the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210. Then, when the amount of drainage from the drainage port 221 is insufficient, the water in the downstream portion 212 is discharged to the outside via the auxiliary drainage pipe 321, and the flow rate of the downstream portion 212 can be adjusted more easily. ing. Further, an auxiliary drain pipe 322 is disposed on the side of the partition wall 315b of the pumped water storage section 315. And when the amount of pumping to the pumping side water storage part 315 by the pumping means 320 is excessive, the water in the pumping side water storage part 315 is discharged outside via the auxiliary drain pipe 322, and the pumping side water storage part The water level of 315 can be adjusted more easily. Further, the angle drop member 314 blocks between the pumped water storage section 315 and the communication passage 313 so that fish and the like do not travel between the pumped water storage section 315 and the communication passage 313.

  Here, as described above, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 has a predetermined gradient (for example, a gradient of about 1/30) toward the drain port 221 and the connection passage 214 in the pool portion 213 as described above. ) With a rough stone that inclines downward. Moreover, the flow control drain pipe 130 in the upstream part 11 can adjust the height position of the upper end opening in the range of about 10 cm, for example, by the structure described in the fourth embodiment. Similarly, the drain outlet 221 in the pool section 213 of the downstream section 212 can have the same structure as the flow control drain pipe 130 of the fourth embodiment. For example, in the range of about 10 cm, the height of the upper end opening is high. The position is adjustable. Further, the bottom wall of the communication passage 312 is an inclined path with a rough stone that is inclined upward toward the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway. Further, the bottom wall of the communication passage 313 and the bottom wall of the communication passage 311 are rough stones inclined downward at a predetermined gradient (for example, a gradient of about 1/10) toward the downstream path 302 of the dam fishway. It has a ramp. On the other hand, the bottom wall of the pumping-side water storage section 315 and the bottom wall of the upstream section 11 of the water channel forming section 210 take into account the water storage function of the pumping-side water storage section 315 and the upstream section 11 and the case when fish and the like to be described later fall. And it can be set as a flat surface without a height difference. Further, the drain port 221 in the pool part 213 may be provided with a detachable lid member that closes the upper end opening.

Method of Use, Action, and Effect Next, a method of use, action, and effect of the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 6 configured as described above will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10, the fishway outlet device according to the sixth embodiment is connected and installed between the downstream path 301 and the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway. In this state, the water of the dam lake is pumped by the pumping means of the fishway outlet device, and pumped from the pumping pipe 320 into the pumping-side water storage section 315. Then, water is stored in the pumping-side water storage unit 315, the water in the pumping-side water storage unit 315 flows to the upstream part 11, and water is stored in the pumping-side water storage part 315 and the upstream part 11. As the water level rises, the water charged in the upstream portion 11 flows into the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway, and forms a upstream path for fish and the like in the upstream path 302. Further, the upstream portion 11 is filled with water, and the water level in the upstream portion 11 is equal to or higher than the first predetermined water level (overflow start water level), that is, the height of the upper end (top end) of the overflow wall 150. The water in the upstream portion 11 overflows the overflow wall 150. And when the water level of the upstream part 11 becomes the second predetermined water level (adjusted water level), that is, the water level realizing the predetermined overflow water depth of the overflow wall 150, the flow rate adjusting drain pipe 130 as the water level adjusting means The water level in the upstream part 11 is maintained at a constant water level, and the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 150 is maintained constant. That is, at this time, the water in the upstream portion 11 flows into the upper end of the flow regulating water distribution pipe 130 in the upstream portion 11, and excess water in the upstream portion 11 is discharged to the outside via the flow regulating drain pipe 131. The water level in the section 11 is maintained at the second predetermined water level (adjusted water level), and the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 150 is maintained at the predetermined water depth. Also, by adjusting the pumping amount from the pumping pipe 320 by the pumping means, the water level in the upstream portion 11 is maintained at the second predetermined water level (adjusted water level), and the overflow water depth of the overflow wall 150 is increased. It is maintained at a predetermined water depth.

  The overflow from the overflow wall 150 formed in this way falls downward from the upper corner of the upper corner of the overflow wall 150 that bends so as to be inclined and project toward the downstream portion 212 side. Become. This separated flow is formed over the entire length of the overflow wall 150, and falls toward the bottom wall 212 a of the downstream portion 212 at a position closest to the overflow wall 150. At this time, a rectifying means similar to the rectifying plate 41 is provided to rectify a turbulent flow that may occur when the water is pumped to the upstream portion 11 of the water channel forming section 210 by a pumping pipe 320 or the like as a pumping means. Also good. The water falling on the downstream part 212 flows down the downstream part 212 along the inclination of the bottom wall 212a of the downstream part 212, and forms a run-up path for fish and the like in the downstream part 212. Further, the water flowing down the downstream portion 212 flows into the pool portion 213 and fills the pool portion 213 to form a rapid place such as a fish that has gone up. Furthermore, when the pool part 213 reaches a predetermined water level or higher, the water in the pool part 213 is discharged to the outside through the drain pipe 222 from the drain port 221 that functions as a flow control drain pipe, and the downstream part 212 is also discharged by the drain port 221. The flow rate is adjusted at. On the other hand, the water flowing down the downstream portion 212 flows into the downstream path 301 of the dam fishway from the connection path 214 via the connection path 311, flows down along the downstream path 301, and in the downstream path 301. Forms a run-up path for fish. The thin arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the direction of water flow from the pumping pipe 320 to the downstream part 212 through the upstream part 11 and the overflow wall 150, and from the downstream part 212 to the downstream path 301 of the dam fishway. Each direction of water flow is shown. At this time, the water flow from the connection passage 214 of the water channel forming part 210 also flows into the communication passage 313. However, since the tip of the communication passage 313 is blocked by the angle drop member 314, the water flow in the communication passage 313 is Virtually does not occur.

  Therefore, the fish and the like that run up the downstream path 301 of the dam fishway run up against the flow direction through the connecting passage 311 and the connection passage 214 and enter the downstream portion 212 of the water channel forming unit 210. . In addition, since a water flow does not generate | occur | produce in the communication channel | path 313, fish etc. do not approach into the communication channel | path 313, but even if fish etc. enter the communication channel | path 313, the front-end | tip of the communication channel | path 313 is a corner member. Since it is blocked by 314, fish and the like will not enter the pumped water storage section 315. And the fish etc. which entered the downstream part 212 go up the downstream part 212 of the water channel formation part 210 to the overflow wall 150 toward the upstream. At this time, the fish and the like try to further go up toward the overflow from the overflow wall 150, but the overflow from the overflow wall 150 is a separated flow, so the upstream flow is prevented by the separated flow. The Then, the fish and the like that have been prevented from going up swims along the overflow wall 150 in search of the run-up road, and are finally guided to the drop 160 and fall into the drop 160. At this time, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 can be inclined downward toward the drop opening 160 in the vicinity of the overflow wall 150 as in the above embodiment. In this way, the water depth in the vicinity of the overflow wall 150 of the downstream portion 212 is shallowest at the end opposite to the outlet 160 and gradually becomes deeper toward the outlet 160. Therefore, fish and the like going up the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 do not swim on the extreme water surface part, so that from the shallow water depth part on the anti-falling side to the deep water depth part on the dropping mouth 160 side. Be guided. As a result, fish and the like that run up the downstream part 212 of the water channel forming part 210 can be more effectively guided to the pit 160. However, the bottom wall 212a of the downstream portion 212 can be set to the same height without being inclined downward toward the drop opening 160 in the vicinity of the overflow wall 150.

  At this time, as in the above-described embodiment, a notch can be provided at a position corresponding to the drop 160 of the overflow wall 150. If it carries out like this, a large amount of overflow will fall from the notch part of the overflow wall 150 in the vicinity of the drop port 160 as a separated flow with a larger flow velocity than another part. That is, the overflow rate (overflow water depth) from the notch of the overflow wall 150 becomes larger than the overflow rate (overflow depth) of the other part, and a larger amount of separated flow from the notch 160 and It falls to the vicinity of the drop mouth 160. Therefore, in this case, fish or the like guided along the overflow wall 150 in the direction of the drop port 160 is more effectively dropped to the drop port 160 by a fast flow due to a large amount of overflow from the notch. Can do. However, even if the notch portion is not provided in the overflow wall 150, the fish and the like are finally guided to the drop opening 160 and fall into the drop opening 160 due to the separated flow from the overflow wall 150. As a result, the fishway outlet device of the sixth embodiment has the same operations and effects as the fishway outlet device of the first embodiment.

FIG. 11: is a top view which shows the state which applied the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention as an object for descent countermeasures, such as fish with respect to the fishway for dams.
The fishway exit device according to Embodiment 6 can also be used as a measure for fish descending from the dam lake to the downstream side of the river. That is, in this case, as shown in FIG. 11, the angle drop member 314 is removed from the front end opening of the communication passage 313 of the fishway outlet device, the front end opening of the communication passage 313 is opened, and the pumped water storage section 315 is communicated. On the other hand, the angle drop member 314 is detachably disposed across the opening of the connection passage 214 of the water passage forming unit 210 of the fishway outlet device (connection end to the communication passage 311) to shield the opening of the connection passage 214. The water channel forming unit 210 and the communication passage 311 are blocked so that fish and the like do not enter the water channel forming unit 210 from the communication channel 311. In other words, the water channel forming unit 210 forms the upstream path of the upstream fish and is not used as the downward path of the descending fish.

  In this state, the water of the dam lake is pumped by the pumping means of the fishway outlet device, and pumped from the pumping pipe 320 into the pumping-side water storage section 315. Then, water is stored in the pumping-side water storage unit 315, the water in the pumping-side water storage unit 315 flows to the upstream part 11, and water is stored in the pumping-side water storage part 315 and the upstream part 11. As the water level rises, the water charged in the upstream portion 11 flows into the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway, and forms a descending path for fish and the like in the upstream path 302. On the other hand, as the water level rises, the water in the pump-side water storage section 315 flows into the communication passage 313 from the opening at the front end of the communication passage 313, passes through the communication passage 313 and the communication passage 311, and is downstream of the dam fishway. Flows into 301. The water flowing into the communication passage 313, the communication passage 311 and the downstream path 301 of the dam fishway forms a descending path for fish and the like in the communication path 313, the communication passage 311 and the downstream path 301 of the dam fishway. To do. In addition, since the water that has flowed from the upstream portion 11 through the overflow wall 150 into the downstream portion 212 is finally discharged from the drain port 221 of the pool portion 213 to the outside via the drain pipe 222, The water in the section 212 does not flow into the communication passage 311 beyond the cornering member 314.

  Fishes descending the upstream path 302 of the dam fishway due to the descent behavior are transferred from the communication path 312 and the upstream part 11 through the pumping-side water storage part 315 to the communication path 313, the communication path 311 and the dam fishway. The descending longitude in the downstream path 301 is lowered. As a result, the fishway exit device of the sixth embodiment can be used effectively as a measure against descent fish as well as as a measure against fish ascending as described above.

  By the way, the fishway exit device according to the present invention can be applied not only to dams but also to all crossing workpieces (dams) such as weirs and head works. Further, the overflow walls 50 and 150 can have any shape other than the shape as in the first embodiment as long as a separated flow can be formed, such as an inverted L-shaped plate. Furthermore, as a fishway to which the fishway exit device according to the present invention is applied, an arbitrary fishway such as an ice harbor type fishway, a track type spiral fishway, etc. may be used in addition to the staircase type fishway, etc. it can.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state where a fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to a fishway. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state where the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to the fishway. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is connected to the fishway. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state where the overflow wall portion of the fishway exit device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is viewed from above, and (a) is a left side of the upstream road just before the overflow wall. The case where it arranges is shown, (b) shows the case where a pit is arrange | positioned in the right side of a run-up road just before an overflow wall. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a connection portion between a drop port and a guide tube of a fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the water level adjusting means of the fishway outlet device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 7: is a perspective view which shows the state which connected the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention to the fishway. FIG. 8: is a top view which shows the state which connected the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention to the fishway. FIG. 9: is sectional drawing which shows the state which cut | disconnected the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention in the pool part part. FIG. 10: is a top view which shows the state which applied the fishway exit apparatus based on Embodiment 6 of this invention with respect to the fishway for dams as a countermeasure against the run-up of fish etc. FIG. FIG. 11: is a top view which shows the state which applied the fishway exit apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention as an object for descent countermeasures, such as fish with respect to the fishway for dams.

Explanation of symbols

10: water channel forming part, 11: upstream part, 12: downstream part 21: pumping pipe (pumping means), 22: valve (pumping means)
25: Spillage pipe (pumping means), 26: Valve (pumping means)
31: Drain pipe (water level adjusting means), 41: Rectifying plate (rectifying means)
50: Overflow wall, 51: Notch, 60: Drop port, 71: Guide pipe (guide channel)
130: Flow rate adjusting drain pipe (water level adjusting means), 131: Male cylinder part 132: Upper female cylinder part, 133: Lower female cylinder part 150: Overflow wall, 160: Drop port, 161: Return part 210: Water channel formation Part, 212: downstream part, 320: pumping pipe (pumping means)

Claims (10)

A fishway exit device provided near the exit of the fishway,
A water channel forming part that forms a water channel for flowing water from the upstream side of the river crossing work,
Overflow that is provided across the water channel in the water channel forming part, and causes the flowing water from the upstream side of the water channel of the water channel forming part to overflow, and forms a separated flow that falls downstream over substantially the entire length direction thereof. The wall,
In the water channel forming part, provided on the downstream side of the overflow wall and in the vicinity of the overflow wall, a pit that can freely drop fish and the like that have gone up the water channel forming part,
A communication channel that communicates the drophead and the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece, and that guides the fish that has fallen to the dropout to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece,
The fish and the like that have run up the water channel forming part and have reached the vicinity of the overflow wall are prevented from rising upstream by the separated flow from the overflow wall, and are guided to the drop port along the overflow wall. A fishway exit device comprising the overflow wall. A fishway exit device provided near the exit of the fishway,
A water tank-like upstream portion disposed on the upstream side of the river, and a downstream portion comprising a slope that is disposed on the downstream side of the river so as to be continuous with the upstream portion and is inclined downward along the flow direction; A water channel forming part that forms a water channel for flowing water from the upstream side of the river crossing work,
Pumping means for pumping water upstream of the crossing workpiece of the river to the upstream part of the water channel forming part;
It is arranged between the upstream part and the downstream part of the water channel so as to cross the water channel in the water channel forming part, and the flowing water from the upstream part of the water channel forming part is allowed to overflow, and the water channel is formed over substantially the entire length direction thereof. An overflow wall that forms a separated flow falling to the downstream part of the part;
A water level adjusting means for adjusting the water level in the upstream part of the water channel forming part to be constant so that water from the upstream part of the water channel forming part overflows the overflow wall at a predetermined overflow water depth;
In the downstream part of the water channel forming part, it is provided in the vicinity of the lengthwise end of the overflow wall, and fish and the like that have gone upstream from the downstream part of the water channel forming part are brought inside by the water flow that overflows the overflow wall. A drophead to drop,
The drophead is connected to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece, and the fish or the like that has fallen to the dropout is guided to the upstream side of the river crossing workpiece by the water flow flowing into the dropout. A guide channel,
Fish and the like that have reached the upstream wall by going up the downstream part of the water channel forming part, are prevented from going upstream by the separated flow from the overflow wall, and along the overflow wall to the outlet. A fishway exit device characterized in that the overflow wall is configured to guide.   The overflow wall is disposed transversely in the water channel of the water channel forming unit so as to be inclined within a range of an inclination angle of about 5 degrees to 10 degrees with respect to the width direction of the water channel of the water channel forming unit, The fish, etc., which is arranged near the upstream end of the overflow wall and thereby reaches the vicinity of the overflow wall by going up the water channel of the water channel forming part, is separated by the separated flow from the overflow wall. 3. The fishway exit device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fishway outlet device is configured to block and guide to the drop port along the overflow wall.   The said drop mouth has a return part which prevents that the fish etc. which fell to the said guidance flow path return to the water channel of the said water channel formation part from the said drop mouth, The any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The fishway exit device as described. The guide channel is composed of a substantially cylindrical guide pipe, one end of which is connected to the drop port, the other end is disposed in the water upstream of the river crossing workpiece, and the drop port is Through which the water flowing in from the one end flows down to the other end and forcibly guides the fish and the like into the water upstream of the river crossing work,
The drop port has a substantially frustum cylindrical shape, and is connected to one end of the induction flow path by inserting an end of the diameter reducing side into the opening of one end of the induction flow path so as to protrude for a predetermined length. 5. The fishway according to claim 4, wherein the return portion is configured by an end portion on the side of the reduced diameter inserted so as to protrude from the opening at one end of the guide passage to a predetermined length. Exit device. The water level adjusting means is erected in an upstream part of the water channel forming part, and has an upper end opening disposed in the upstream part of the water channel forming part and a lower end opening exposed to the outside of the water channel forming part. Have a tube,
3. The fishway outlet device according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate adjusting drain pipe has height adjusting means for adjusting the height position of the opening at the upper end up and down. The flow control drain pipe is
A cylindrical portion extending upward from the bottom surface of the upstream portion of the water channel forming portion and having a male screw threaded on an outer peripheral surface extending from the upper end to a predetermined length range;
Forming an internal thread on the inner peripheral surface of a female screw that engages with the external thread on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion, and an upper female cylinder portion that is screwed onto the upper side of the male screw portion on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion;
A lower female cylinder portion that is formed by forming a female screw to be engaged with a male screw on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion on the inner peripheral surface, and is screwed onto the lower side of the male screw portion on the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion; Have
The upper female cylinder portion of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe constitutes a height adjusting means of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe and adjusts the screwing amount with respect to the male cylinder portion so that the protruding height from the upper end of the male cylinder portion is By adjusting the height position of the opening of the upper end of the flow control drain pipe can be adjusted up and down,
The lower female cylinder part of the flow rate adjusting drain pipe is adjusted to the lower end of the upper female cylinder part that is adjusted and fixed at a predetermined height position of the male cylinder part by adjusting the screwing amount with respect to the male cylinder part. 7. The fishway outlet device according to claim 6, wherein a positioning and holding means for positioning and holding the upper female cylinder portion at a predetermined height position by contacting is formed.   8. The rectifying device according to claim 2, further comprising a rectifying unit disposed in an upstream portion of the water channel forming portion and rectifying a water flow from the upstream portion toward the overflow wall. Fishway exit device.   The overflow wall has a portion corresponding to the drop opening as a notch, and the height of the notch is set lower than the portion other than the notch, and the overflow rate from the notch is The overflow from the part other than the notch is made to be larger, and the overflow from the notch falls to the drop port and the vicinity of the drop port. The fishway exit device according to any one of 1 to 8.   The downstream part of the water channel forming part has a bottom wall and a pair of side walls erected on both sides in the width direction of the bottom wall, and the bottom wall of the downstream part is inclined downward along the flow direction, The fishway outlet device according to any one of claims 2, 6, 7, and 8, wherein the fishway outlet device is composed of an inclined road that inclines downward toward the pit.

Images