JP2004283110A - Meat modifier, feed for meat modification, modified meat and method for modifying meat - Google Patents
Meat modifier, feed for meat modification, modified meat and method for modifying meat Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004283110A JP2004283110A JP2003080526A JP2003080526A JP2004283110A JP 2004283110 A JP2004283110 A JP 2004283110A JP 2003080526 A JP2003080526 A JP 2003080526A JP 2003080526 A JP2003080526 A JP 2003080526A JP 2004283110 A JP2004283110 A JP 2004283110A
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- meat
- feed
- polyunsaturated fatty
- fatty acid
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Images
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、畜肉改質剤、畜肉改質用飼料、改質された畜肉及び畜肉の改質方法に関し、特に、保存安定性に優れるn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸割合が高められた畜肉の提供を可能とする畜肉改質剤、畜肉改質用飼料、改質された畜肉及び畜肉の改質方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、消費者の嗜好の多様化が進み、畜肉の生産については、その品質を高くすることなどにより付加価値をつけることが求められ、実際に、これまでにも様々な技術開発がなされてきている。
【0003】
畜肉の栄養成分を改善することも付加価値の高い畜肉を市場に提供する方法の一つとして注目されており、特に、癌の発生の予防など種々の効果が期待できるn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸が注目されている。
【0004】
n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸は、n−6系多価不飽和脂肪酸とともに、多価不飽和脂肪酸の一種であり、人の体内では合成されない必須脂肪酸であるが、例えば、一般的な飼料を給餌して飼育した畜肉由来の脂質にはn−3系の多価不飽和脂肪酸はほとんど存在せず、これらの肉を中心とした食生活では、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の摂取量が減少する。食生活においては、脂質のバランスの良い摂取が健康に良いことが報告されており、その摂取量について、第六次改定「日本人の栄養所要量」(発行年1999年)では、飽和脂肪酸:一価不飽和脂肪酸:多価不飽和脂肪酸の摂取割合は3:4:3に、さらに多価不飽和脂肪酸についてはn−6系:n−3系=4:1となるような脂肪酸摂取バランスが望ましいと報告されている。
【0005】
かかる観点から、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸含量を高めることにより付加価値をつけた畜産物の具体例としては、DHAやα−リノレン酸を従来のものよりも多く含む鶏卵等が挙げられ、例えば、飼料中に含まれるDHAやα−リノレン酸を一般のものより多く含むように飼料組成を改良することによってn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸含量を高めた卵は生産可能である(特許文献1参照)。
【0006】
一方、畜肉については、投与飼料を植物由来の原料のみで構成することや、一般とは異なる脂質組成の飼料を投与する試みなどが行われている。例えば、飼料中にアマニ油を添加することで豚肉中のn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸割合を高めることができることが報告されている(非特許文献1参照)。
【0007】
しかし、これらの脂肪酸比率を改善した畜肉は、多価不飽和脂肪酸を通常の肉よりも多く含有することにより、保存安定性が低下することが知られている(非特許文献2参照)。また、ショーケース内で蛍光灯照射にさらされる販売形態も畜肉の保存安定性を低下させる要因の一つであり、卵殻により遮光される卵に比較して光酸化の影響を受けやすく、特に、多価不飽和脂肪酸含量の高い畜肉は影響を受けやすいと考えられる。
【0008】
従って、畜肉の保存安定性を改善する方法としては保存安定剤の塗布や、保存容器・方法の改善などが挙げられるが、食の安全性を強く望む消費者心理から、保存安定剤の使用は受け入れられ難く、保存容器や保存方法の改善などには流通コストがかかることから、現状において改善は困難である。そのため、畜肉の保存安定性向上については、様々な方法により抗酸化剤を畜産動物に投与し、畜肉に移行させることによる解決が試みられている。例えば、牛肉の保存安定性についてビタミンEを投与することで、肉の品質保持に寄与できる(非特許文献3参照)と報告されている。また、多価不飽和脂肪酸含有量が高くなると、脂肪融点が著しく低下することがあり、このために「軟脂」と判定され、格付け評価が下がることがあることも知られている。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−80164号公報
【非特許文献1】
山本ら、石川県畜産総合センター研究報告、33、p.29−33、1999
【非特許文献2】
D.U.Ahnら、Meat Science、43、p.291−299、1996
【非特許文献3】
三津本ら、日畜会報、66(11)、p.962−968、1995
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の多価不飽和脂肪酸比率を改善した畜肉は、多価不飽和脂肪酸比率を高めたゆえに、その保存安定性が悪くなるという問題があった。この点、安定性向上を図るために、ビタミンEを用いる等の試みがなされてきているが十分な安定性を得るに到っておらず、その保存安定性、すなわち、畜肉中の脂質酸化、特に光による酸化の影響を効果的に抑制する方法が求められていた。
さらには同時に、多価不飽和脂肪酸比率を高めたことに起因する脂肪融点低下の抑制をも達成できる方法が求められていた。
【0011】
そこで、本発明は、畜肉におけるn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸の含有率を高めて栄養強化を達成しつつ、同時にその保存安定性を著しく改善し、好ましくは脂肪融点低下抑制も達成できる畜肉改質剤及びその改質を可能とする飼料及びその改質を可能とする飼育方法(改質方法)を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題を達成するために鋭意研究した結果、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質を、好ましくはさらに油溶性抗酸化ビタミンを同時に投与した動物から得た畜肉はn−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有率が通常の畜肉に比べて著しく高く、かつ従来の流通形態においても、保存安定性が高い性質を有すること、及び脂肪融点低下抑制がなされることを見出し、さらに、これらを飼料組成物として含有する配合飼料として投与しても同様の効果が得られ、また、動物種を問わず、これら方法によりn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有率を改善しつつ保存安定性の高い畜肉、その他の畜産物が生産可能であることを発見し、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【0013】
すなわち、本発明は、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質を含む畜肉改質剤、及びn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質を含む畜肉改質用飼料を提供する。
また、本発明は、上記畜肉改質剤又は畜肉改質剤を含む飼料、又は上記畜肉改質用飼料を投与又は給餌したことにより得られる改質された畜肉を提供する。
また、他の局面によれば、本発明は、上記畜肉改質剤又は畜肉改質剤を含む飼料、又は上記畜肉改質用飼料を投与又は給餌することによる畜肉の改質方法を提供する。
さらに、他の局面によれば、本発明は、レシチンを含有してなる脂肪酸組成改質畜肉の保存安定性改質剤、及び当該保存安定性改質剤、これを含有する飼料、又はレシチンを含有する保存安定性改質用飼料を投与又は給餌することによる脂肪酸組成改質畜肉の保存安定性改質方法を提供する。
【0014】
上記の本発明によれば、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はこれを含む油脂、及びリン脂質を含む飼料を家畜等に給餌させたため、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有率を通常のものに比べて著しく高くできるとともに、その保存安定性も著しく高められた畜肉を提供することが可能となる。さらには、脂肪融点低下抑制も達成できる。また、本発明においては、保存安定性を保ちつつ、多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比をバランスのよい摂取量比であるn−6系:n−3系=4:1に近づけた食材の提供が可能となる。さらに、全脂肪酸の含有比をバランスのよい摂取量比である飽和脂肪酸:一価不飽和脂肪酸:多価不飽和脂肪酸=3:4:3に近づけた食材の提供も可能となる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
本発明において、畜肉とは、特に、家畜の畜肉(臓器を含む)であり、具体的には、豚肉、牛肉、羊肉、山羊肉、猪肉、馬肉、鹿肉、鶏肉、キジ肉、鴨肉、ウズラ肉、七面鳥肉、鳩肉等である。特に、豚肉、牛肉、鶏肉に好ましく適用される。さらに好ましくは、豚肉である。
【0016】
(畜肉改質剤)
本発明の畜肉改質剤は、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質を含む。リン脂質による保存安定性の作用を補助する(相乗効果)観点から、脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンをさらに含有することが好ましい。
【0017】
本発明の改質剤は、上述のあらゆる畜肉に適用できるが、特に、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸含有率の低い畜肉、例えば、豚肉、牛肉、鶏肉に好ましく適用される。
【0018】
本発明におけるn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸とは、具体的には、α―リノレン酸(C18:3)、オクタデカテトラエン酸(C18:4、6,9,12,15−octadecatetraenoic acid)、エイコサペンタエン酸(C20:5)、ドコサペンタエン酸(C22:5、7,10,13,16,19−docosapentaenoic acid)及びドコサヘキサエン酸(C22:6)が挙げられ、これらの誘導体も含まれる。これらは、1種もしくは2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。中でもα−リノレン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸およびそれらの誘導体であることが好ましく、少なくとも1種がこれらであることが好ましい。特に、α―リノレン酸が好ましい。特に好ましい態様としては、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸のうち50質量%以上がα−リノレン酸である場合が好適である。これらのn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸は、種々の動植物油に含まれているが、通常の植物油は数%しか含まれておらず、菜種油でもα−リノレン酸が10%程度にすぎない。本発明に必要なn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸は、アマニ油(フラックス油)、シソ実油、エゴマ油、魚油、海産動物油、微細藻類抽出油などから好適に得ることができる。特に、アマニ油が好ましい。
n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸は、上述のような抽出物として用いてもよいし、これらn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂として用いてもよく、混合して用いても良い。
【0019】
本発明におけるn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂とは、具体的には、アマニ油(フラックス油)、シソ実油、エゴマ油、魚油、海産動物油、微細藻類抽出油などを好適に用いることができるものとして挙げられる。中でも、アマニ油が好ましい。アマニ油は、その構成脂肪酸のうち通常約50質量%以上のα−リノレン酸を含んでおり、比較的少ない量の配合で十分なα−リノレン酸量を確保できる点で、α−リノレン酸供給源として重要である。アマニ油としては特に限定されないが、例えば、アマニ原油、圧搾アマニ油、精製アマニ油等を用いることができ、また、アマニ油滓や圧搾アマニ粕等をそのまま用いることもできる。製造コストの視点からはなるべく半精製油を用いることが好ましい。半精製油とは脱ガム工程以降かつ脱色工程以前の工程油をいい、精製油とは脱臭工程までを経た油脂をいう。
【0020】
次に、本発明におけるリン脂質とは、特に限定されるものではないが、動植物由来のリン脂質、例えば植物種子由来のほか、酵素合成や化学合成したリン脂質などが挙げられる。好ましくは、動植物由来のリン脂質が用いられる。植物種子としては、菜種、紅花、大豆、とうもろこし、胡麻、綿実などがあげられる。動物由来としては、卵黄、牛脳などが挙げられる。リン脂質の種類としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ホスファチジルコリン(PC)、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)、ホスファチジルイノシトール(PI)、ホスファチジン酸(PA)、ホスファチジルセリン(PS)等の種々のレシチン単体やその2種以上の混合物が挙げられる。これらの形状も特に限定されるものではなく、油状、ペースト状、粉末状、顆粒状、ブロック状等があげられる。また、酵素合成、化学合成したリン脂質も特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、フォスフォリパーゼや化学合成を用いた塩基交換反応や加水分解反応により作成したPS、PI、PA、LPE(リゾフォスファチジルエタノールアミン)、LPC(リゾフォスファチジルコリン)などの高純度品などが挙げられる。好ましくは大豆、菜種、アマニ、コーン、綿実、ひまわり、サフラワー等をはじめとする植物原料由来のものであり、これらから、抽出されたレシチンが好ましい。特に、大豆由来のレシチンであることが好ましい。植物原料から搾油する工程中から発生するものも好適に利用することができる。すなわち、本発明で使用し得るレシチンは、公知のペースト状レシチン、又は該ペースト状レシチンを原料として得られる粉末状、顆粒状もしくは塊状の高純度レシチン等が挙げられる。かかるペースト状レシチンは、通常、大豆、菜種、ひまわり、サフラワー、亜麻仁等の油糧種子から油脂を製造する際の脱ガム工程で得られる油滓を濾過、乾燥したものであり、一般的に30〜40質量%程度の脂質を含む。レシチンを供給する手段として、油滓をそのまま使用することもできる。一方、高純度レシチンは、通常、前記ペースト状レシチンを原料とし、アルコール、アセトン、プロパノール、シクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、クロロホルム等の溶剤を使用して分別、濃縮、乾燥等の処理によりレシチン分を精製したものである。また、ホスホリパーゼを使用し酵素分解されたレシチンを使用することもできる。
【0021】
次に、本発明における脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンとは、特に限定されるものではなく、一般的に脂溶性ビタミンと呼ばれるビタミンE、ビタミンA、ビタミンK、ビタミンD、及びこれらの同族体、異性体、誘導体、前駆体等を含む。またその由来も、天然、合成を問わない。具体的にはビタミンEにおいてはα−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、γ−トコフェロール、δ−トコフェロール、α−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール、δ−トコトリエノールの同族体、また、RRR−α−トコフェロール、2−epi−α−トコフェロール、2−ambo−α−トコフェロールなどに代表される異性体、トコフェロールアセテート、コハク酸トコフェロールカルシウム、dl−α−酢酸トコフェロール等のビタミンE誘導体等があげられる。ビタミンAにおいては、レチノール、レチナール、レチノイン酸、3−デヒドロレチノール、3−デヒドロレチナール、3−デヒドロレチノイン酸、あるいは、プロビタミンAである、β−カロテン、α−カロテン、γ−カロテン、β−クリプトキサンチン、エカイネノン、β−アポ−12’−カロテナール、β−アポ−12’−カロテン酸等が挙げられる。また、ビタミンKについてはフィロキノン(K1)、メナキノン(K2)同族体、等に加え、合成によって化合されるメナジオン(K3)、メナジオール(K4)、4−アミノ−2−メチル−1−ナフトール(K5)、2−メチル−1,4−ナフタレンジアミン(K6)、4−アミノ−3−メチル−1−ナフトール(K7)等の同族体があげられる。ビタミンDについてはビタミンD2、ビタミンD3、ビタミンD4、ビタミンD5、ビタミンD6、ビタミンD7、また、エルゴステロールや7−DHC等のプロビタミンD、あるいはプレビタミンD、ピロビタミンD、イソピロビタミンDなどの異性体等があげられる。その形態も液状、ペースト状、顆粒状、粉末状等いずれも限定されるものではない。これらの中でも、特にビタミンEまたはその誘導体、またはそれらを組み合わせたものであることが好ましい。さらには、α−トコフェロールまたはその誘導体、またはそれらを組み合わせたものであることがより好ましい。
また、本発明においてこれらは混合して用いることができるが、少なくとも1種がビタミンEであることが好ましい。ビタミンEはα、β、γ、δ、各トコフェロールまたは各トコトリエノール、あるいはこれらの光学異性体、またはトコフェロールアセテート等のトコフェロール誘導体等があり、これらの1種または2種以上を含むことが好ましい。その由来も動物原料、植物原料等いずれも限定されるものではなく、その形態も、液状、ペースト状、顆粒状、粉末状等いずれも限定されるものではない。
【0022】
本発明で使用するトコフェロールの製造方法に特に制限はないが、例えば以下の方法により製造することができる。すなわち、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油、サフラワー油、ヒマワリ油、ヤシ油、パーム油、パーム核油等植物性油脂の脱臭工程で副生する脱臭スカム、脱臭スラッジ、ホットウェル油滓等を原料とし、これから陰イオン交換樹脂あるいは分子蒸留又はこれらを組み合わせて製造することができる。
【0023】
本発明の畜肉改質剤において、各成分の添加量は限定されるものではないが、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又は前記n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を25〜90質量%、及びリン脂質を75〜10質量%含むことが好ましい。
さらに好ましくは、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又は前記n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を35〜70質量%、及びリン脂質を65〜30質量%である。n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を用いる場合には、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を用いる場合よりも含有量を多めにすることが好ましい。具体的には、35〜90質量%が好ましく、このとき、リン脂質は65〜10質量%である。
【0024】
また、使用するn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質の種類によって、配合割合は適宜、適切な割合に変えることができる。例えば、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸としてα−リノレン酸、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、α−リノレン酸を25〜90質量%、及びレシチンを75〜10質量%含むことが好ましく、α−リノレン酸を35〜70質量%、及びレシチンを65〜30質量%含むことがさらに好ましく、α−リノレン酸を35〜55質量%、及びレシチンを65〜45質量%含むことが最も好ましい。また、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂としてアマニ油、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、アマニ油を25〜90質量%、及びレシチンを75〜10質量%含むことが好ましく、アマニ油を35〜90質量%、及びレシチンを65〜10質量%含むことがさらに好ましく、アマニ油を50〜70質量%、及びレシチンを50〜30質量%含むことが最も好ましい。
【0025】
本発明の畜肉改質剤は、そのまま単独で使用することもできるが、通常は、家畜用の飼料に添加して使用することが好ましい。単独で使用する場合には、種々の投与方法が可能であるが、経口投与であることが好ましい。改質剤の形態は限定されない。そのまま給餌してもよいし、錠剤・カプセル剤等にして投与してもよい。また、液状にしてもよい。一方、飼料に本改質剤を添加して使用する場合には、本発明の畜肉改質剤を、本剤を含めた飼料全体に対し、各成分が以下に示す含有量となるように添加することが好ましく(具体的には、例えば、本改質剤を0.5〜5質量%添加することが好ましく、1〜4質量%添加することがさらに好ましい)、本畜肉改質剤中の各成分の配合量にしたがい、適当な添加量に調節されるが、これに限定されるものではない。
すなわち、本改質剤を含めた飼料全体に対する各成分の含有量が、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を0.125〜5質量%、及びリン脂質を0.05〜5質量%となるようにすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を0.25〜3.6質量%、及びリン脂質を0.1〜3質量%である。最も好ましくは、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又は前記n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を0.4〜2質量%、及びリン脂質を0.4〜1.5質量%である。n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を用いる場合には、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を用いる場合よりも含有量を多めにすることが好ましく、具体的には、0.25〜5質量%が好ましく、0.5〜2質量%が最も好ましく、このとき、リン脂質は0.05〜5質量%が好ましく、0.4〜1.5質量%が最も好ましい。また、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又は前記n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂とリン脂質の含有比(質量%比)は好ましくは、9:1〜1:3となり、さらに好ましくは、7:3〜7:13となる。
【0026】
また、使用するn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質の種類によって、配合割合は適宜、適切な割合に変えることができ、例えば、本発明において好ましい組み合わせである、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸としてα−リノレン酸、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、また、本発明において好ましい組み合わせである、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂としてアマニ油、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、α−リノレン酸を0.125〜5質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.05〜5質量%含むことが好ましく、α−リノレン酸を0.25〜3.6質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.1〜3質量%含むことがさらに好ましく、α−リノレン酸を0.4〜1.2質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.4〜1.5質量%含むことが最も好ましい。また、本発明において好ましい組み合わせである、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂としてアマニ油、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、アマニ油を0.125〜5質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.05〜5質量%含むことが好ましく、アマニ油を0.25〜3.6質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.1〜3質量%含むことがさらに好ましく、アマニ油を0.5〜2質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.4〜1.5質量%含むことが最も好ましい。また、α−リノレン酸及び/又はアマニ油とレシチンの含有比(質量%)は好ましくは、9:1〜1:3となり、さらに好ましくは、7:3〜7:13となる。
【0027】
改質された畜肉中の栄養バランス(例えば、n−6系多価不飽和脂肪酸とn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比)、保存安定性、脂肪融点低下抑制、飼料の風味、飼料の保存安定性などの観点から上述のような範囲となるように添加することが好ましい。
【0028】
各成分の好ましい含有量・含有割合について別の表現をすれば、本改質剤を単独で使用する場合、及び飼料に添加して使用する場合のどちらにおいても、これらにより改質された畜肉中のn−6系多価不飽和脂肪酸とn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比が0.5:1〜10:1になるように各成分の含有量・含有割合を調節した本改質剤又は飼料を家畜へ投与又は給餌することが好ましい。すなわち、n−6系/n−3系比が、好ましくは0.5〜10、より好ましくは0.5〜7、さらに好ましくは0.5〜5となるように、またこれら多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有量に対応した保存安定性が保てるように各成分の投与量や添加量を調節する。これにより、単に、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有量を高めるだけでなく、栄養バランスにも優れた保存安定性の良い食材が得られることとなる。
【0029】
なお、本改質剤が添加される基礎飼料としては、市販の飼料を用いることができる。基礎飼料原料としては、各種糖質原料、タンパク質原料、油脂原料、無機質及びミネラル等の微量栄養原料、各種飼料添加物、等を包含する。糖質原料としては、植物性原料が主体であり、各種穀類、具体的には、トウモロコシ、マイロ、大麦、小麦、玄米、アルファルファミール、各種植物の茎葉(乾草を含む)、ふすま・大豆皮等のそうこう類(糠類)、コーンジャームミール、ビートパルプ、シトラスパルプ等の製造粕類等である。また、タンパク質原料としては、植物性原料と動物性原料があり、植物性原料としては、大豆油粕、ナタネ油粕等の植物性油粕類であり、動物性原料としては、魚粉等である。油脂原料としては、各種植物性油脂及び動物性油脂が含まれる。その他、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、食塩等が含まれる。
【0030】
本発明において、脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンは、レシチンとの相乗作用を有することから含有することが好ましく、本改質剤を含めた飼料全体に対し、1kgあたり、10〜1000mg含有することが好ましい。50〜500mgであることがさらに好ましい。本改質剤を単独で使用する場合にもかかる範囲と同等量の脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンが投与されることが好ましい。脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンは、ビタミンEまたはその誘導体、特に、α−トコフェロールまたはその誘導体、またはそれらを組み合わせたものであることが好ましく、例えば、dl−α−酢酸トコフェロールが挙げられる。脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンが、ビタミンEである場合には、本改質剤を含めた飼料全体に対し、1kgあたり、20〜800IU含有することが好ましく、50〜300IU/kgであることがさらに好ましい。IUについては、All−rac−α−Toc Ace (dl−α−酢酸トコフェロール)1mgの示す活性が1.00IUとして定義されている。
【0031】
本発明の畜肉改質剤の製造方法には特に制限はないが、リン脂質の保存安定性を向上する効果に鑑みて、リン脂質が偏りなく行き渡るように各成分をよく混合して製造することが好ましい。
【0032】
(畜肉改質用飼料)
本発明の畜肉改質用飼料は、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質を含む。リン脂質による保存安定性の作用を補助する観点から、脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンをさらに含有することが好ましい。
【0033】
適用畜肉は、上述の改質剤の場合と同様であり、用いられるn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、リン脂質、及び脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンの定義も同様である。
【0034】
本発明の畜肉改質用飼料において、各成分の含有量は限定されるものではないが、飼料全体に対し、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を0.125〜5質量%、及びリン脂質を0.05〜5質量%となるようにすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を0.25〜3.6質量%、及びリン脂質を0.1〜3質量%である。最も好ましくは、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又は前記n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を0.4〜2質量%、及びリン脂質を0.4〜1.5質量%である。n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を用いる場合には、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を用いる場合よりも含有量を多めにすることが好ましく、具体的には、0.25〜5質量%が好ましく、0.5〜2質量%が最も好ましく、このとき、リン脂質は0.05〜5質量%が好ましく、0.4〜1.5質量%が最も好ましい。また、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又は前記n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂とリン脂質の含有比(質量%)は好ましくは、9:1〜1:3となり、さらに好ましくは、7:3〜7:13となる。
【0035】
また、使用するn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、及びリン脂質の種類によって、配合割合は適宜、適切な割合に変えることができ、例えば、本発明において好ましい組み合わせである、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸としてα−リノレン酸、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、α−リノレン酸を0.125〜5質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.05〜5質量%含むことが好ましく、α−リノレン酸を0.25〜3.6質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.1〜3質量%含むことがさらに好ましく、α−リノレン酸を0.4〜1.2質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.4〜1.5質量%含むことが最も好ましい。また、本発明において好ましい組み合わせである、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂としてアマニ油、リン脂質として大豆由来のレシチンを用いる場合には、アマニ油を0.125〜5質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.05〜5質量%含むことが好ましく、アマニ油を0.25〜3.6質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.1〜3質量%含むことがさらに好ましく、アマニ油を0.5〜2質量%、及び当該レシチンを0.4〜1.5質量%含むことが最も好ましい。また、α−リノレン酸及び/又はアマニ油とレシチンの含有比(質量%)は好ましくは、9:1〜1:3となり、さらに好ましくは、7:3〜7:13となる。
【0036】
改質された畜肉中の栄養バランス(例えば、n−6系多価不飽和脂肪酸とn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比)、保存安定性、脂肪融点低下抑制、飼料の風味、飼料の保存安定性などの観点から上述のような範囲となるように添加することが好ましい。
【0037】
各成分の好ましい含有量・含有割合について別の表現をすれば、本改質用飼料により改質された畜肉中のn−6系多価不飽和脂肪酸とn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比が0.5:1〜10:1になるように各成分の含有量・含有割合を調節した本改質用飼料を家畜へ給餌することが好ましい。すなわち、n−6系/n−3系比が、好ましくは0.5〜10、より好ましくは0.5〜7、さらに好ましくは0.5〜5となるように、またこれら多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有量に対応した保存安定性が保てるように飼料中の各成分の含有量を調節する。これにより、単に、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有量を高めるだけでなく、栄養バランスにも優れた保存安定性の良い食材が得られることとなる。
【0038】
なお、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸等の本発明の各成分が添加される飼料としては、市販の飼料を用いることができ、具体的な飼料原料としては、上述の畜肉改質剤のところで述べた通りである。
【0039】
本発明において、脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンは、レシチンとの相乗作用を有することから含有することが好ましく、飼料1kgあたり、10〜1000mg含有することが好ましい。50〜500mgであることがさらに好ましい。脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンは、ビタミンE、特に、α−トコフェロールまたはその誘導体、またはそれらを組み合わせたものであることが好ましく、例えば、dl−α−酢酸トコフェロールが挙げられる。脂溶性抗酸化ビタミンが、ビタミンEである場合には、飼料1kgあたり、20〜800IU含有することが好ましく、50〜300IU/kgであることがさらに好ましい。
【0040】
本発明の畜肉改質用飼料の製造方法には特に制限はないが、リン脂質の保存安定性を向上する効果に鑑みて、飼料中にリン脂質が偏りなく行き渡るように各成分をよく混合して製造することが好ましい。
【0041】
(畜肉改質方法)
本発明の畜肉改質方法は、上述した畜肉改質剤又はこれを含む飼料、又は上述の畜肉改質用飼料を投与又は給餌することによるものである。
本発明の改質剤又は飼料が投与又は給餌されれば、その他の飼育環境等は通常の条件・方法であればよく、制限されない。
【0042】
本発明の肉質改善剤の投与又は給餌期間は特に限定されるものではないが、連続的に投与することが好ましく、飼育する家畜の種類によって好ましい当該期間は異なる。当該期間が短すぎると改質の程度が低く効果的でない。例えば、豚であれば、畜肉の飼育終了の予定日からさかのぼって少なくとも40日以上、好ましくは60日以上であり、さらに好ましくは120日以上である。
また、本発明の肉質改善剤の投与量又は給餌量も特に限定されるものではないが、飼育する家畜の種類によって好ましい投与量又は給餌量は異なる。例えば、豚であれば、豚であれば40日間で1頭あたり、0.55〜5.5kgが好ましく、さらには60日間で1頭あたり、0.78〜7.8kgが好ましい。
【0043】
このようにして得られる改質された畜肉は、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有率が高く、かつ通常の畜肉と同等な保存安定性を保有する。また、多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比が人にとってバランスのよい摂取量比とすることができる。
さらには、脂肪融点低下の抑制も達成できる。
【0044】
(保存安定性改質剤、保存安定性改質用飼料及び保存安定性改質方法)
本発明の脂肪酸組成改質畜肉の保存安定性改質剤は、レシチンを含有してなる。本剤は、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有率を高くした脂肪酸組成改質畜肉の保存安定性を改善する、脂肪酸組成改質畜肉の保存安定性改質方法に用いられる。n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂も含有していることが好ましく、これにより、上述した畜肉改質剤と同等の効果が得られるが、それぞれ別々にして同期間、異なる期間に投与又は給餌する場合なども当該方法においては包含される。しかし、より高い効果を望む場合には、上述のn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸等と混合した形で用いるのがよい。
【0045】
また、本発明の脂肪酸組成改質畜肉の保存安定性改質用飼料は、レシチンを含有してなる。本飼料についても保存安定性改質剤と同様であり、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸又はn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂も含有していることが好ましく、これにより、上述した畜肉改質用飼料と同等の効果が得られるが、それぞれ別々にして同期間、異なる期間に給餌する場合なども当該方法においては包含される。しかし、より高い効果を望む場合には、上述のn−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸等と混合した形で用いるのがよい。
保存安定性改質剤及び保存安定性改質用飼料の投与量又は給餌量は、上述の畜肉改質剤及び畜肉改質用飼料の場合に準じて算出される。
本発明の保存安定性改質剤、保存安定性改質用飼料及び保存安定性改質方法によれば、脂肪融点低下抑制の効果も発揮され、保存安定性のみならず、この点においても改質されうる。
【0046】
以上、本発明の畜肉改質剤等について説明してきたが、本発明は、畜肉のみならず、他の畜産物にも適用可能である。
【0047】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。
実施例1
市販配合飼料(表1はその飼料原材料を、表2はその飼料成分量を示す)を基礎飼料として、全量に対し、アマニ油(日清製油株式会社製)1.5%及びレシチン(日清製油株式会社製)1%、及び基本飼料1kgに対し、dl−α−酢酸トコフェロール(キシダ化学株式会社製)100IUを添加して本発明の飼料を得た(表3)。添加は、飼料作成時に行うようにした。
【0048】
比較例1〜3
実施例との比較のため、以下の比較用飼料を準備した(表3)。
比較例1:市販配合飼料(基礎飼料)のみ
比較例2:市販配合飼料(基礎飼料)に、アマニ油(日清製油株式会社製)1.5%、及びdl−α−酢酸トコフェロール(キシダ化学株式会社製)100IU/kgを添加
比較例3:市販配合飼料(基礎飼料)に、アマニ油(日清製油株式会社製)1.5%、大豆油(日清製油株式会社製)1%、及びdl−α−酢酸トコフェロール(キシダ化学株式会社製)100IU/kgを添加
比較例2及び3において、添加は、飼料作成時に行うようにした。
【0049】
【表1】
【0050】
【表2】
【0051】
【表3】
【0052】
実施例2
三元交配種(LWD)の豚(肥育後期)を1群につき7頭(雄3頭、雌4頭)準備し、実施例1及び比較例1〜3で得た飼料を生後5ヶ月〜6ヶ月の67日間にわたって給与した。飼料の給与方法は、自由摂取(不断給餌:食べたい時に食べたい量を食べる)とした。各群の豚のデータ及び飼料給与量を表4に示す。
【0053】
【表4】
【0054】
(脂肪酸組成の測定)
67日間の試験飼料給与後、屠殺解体した各群の豚における背脂肪(内層部)中の脂肪酸組成をクロロホルム−メタノール抽出の方法により測定した。この方法は以下の通りである。
約8割の水を添加し、膨潤させた背脂肪に対し、300mlのメタノール:クロロホルム(2:1)を加え、ホモジナイズした。これをろ過し、濾液(抽出液)を得たのち、さらに濾過残渣に対し、100mlのクロロホルムを加え、ホモジナイズし、再抽出を行い濾液を得た。これら濾液に対し、100mlの塩類溶液を混合し、2層に分液させた後、下層を回収して溶剤を除去したものを脂質とした。これをガスクロマトグラフィー(島津製作所製)を用いて、脂肪酸組成を測定した。測定結果を表5に示す。値は、各群とも7頭からの試料それぞれについて測定した結果の平均値である。
【0055】
【表5】
【0056】
(肉保存安定性の評価)
次に、各群の産肉の保存安定性について以下の方法により評価した。評価は、脂質の過酸化度を測定(TBARS値の測定)することにより行った。
すべての供試豚〔4群×7頭=計28頭〕の背脂肪(内層部)から、試料を採取した。試料は各々、約1g(1.5cm×1.5cm)とし、これを事前に切り分け、凍結保存(−80℃)し、保存安定性試験時に解凍した。保存条件は、試料にラップをかけた状態で、温度4℃にて3日間保存した。また、保存期間中は試料表面において平均40μmol s−1m−2となるように蛍光灯の光を照射した。TBARS値の測定は、保存0日目及び3日目に行った。
TBARS値の測定方法:試料を適量秤り取り、更に7倍量の1.15%塩化カリウム水溶液を添加し、これらを混合した後、試料を500μl褐色試験管に分注した。これに目的とする測定範囲の標準液(1,1,3,3,−テトラエトキシプロパン)を使用して希釈系列を作成、さらに1%リン酸水溶液(氷冷)を1.5ml添加した後に、0.67%TBA水溶液を0.5ml添加し混合し、BHT酢酸溶液を適量添加し、混合、これを95〜100℃で45分間加温した。加熱後は冷水中で室温まで急冷(5分間)した後、n−ブタノールを3ml添加し、振とうした(15秒)。遠心後、ブタノール層を吸光度で測定した(535、520nm)。測定結果を表6に示す。値は、各群とも7頭からの試料それぞれについて測定した結果の平均値である。
【0057】
【表6】
【0058】
(脂肪融点低下抑制の評価)
本発明においては、n−6/n−3比の改善を目的にアマニ油を投与しているため、多価不飽和脂肪酸含量が高くなり、脂肪融点が低下する傾向にあるが、脂肪融点低下が著しい場合には「軟脂」と判定され、格付けが低下し、評価価格が下がることから、これを抑制できることが好ましい。
そこで、次に、脂肪融点低下を抑制の効果について確認した。
各群について、背脂肪(内層部)から抽出した脂質を温水中で加温することにより、脂肪融点を測定した。測定結果を表7に示す。値は、各群とも7頭からの試料それぞれについて測定した結果の平均値である。
【0059】
【表7】
【0060】
実施例1と比較例3の比較では、試料中脂質の脂肪酸組成(表5)が同等にもかかわらず、レシチンの投与によって脂肪融点低下が抑制されていることが分かる。
【0061】
(飼料保存安定性の向上)
豚基礎飼料に対し、アマニ油(日清製油株式会社製)(1.5%)、レシチン(1.0%)、大豆油(日清製油株式会社製)(1.0%)、dl−α−酢酸トコフェロール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)又はα−トコフェロール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)(100IU/kg)をそれぞれ下記の表8のように添加した飼料を作成し、POV(過酸化物価)を測定した。
【0062】
【表8】
【0063】
アマニ油を添加した場合、大豆油添加飼料(E、F)に比較してレシチン添加飼料(B、C、D)のほうがPOVの上昇が抑制されており、レシチンの抗酸化効果によって飼料保存安定性が向上しているといえる。
【0064】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、n−3系多価不飽和脂肪酸及び/又はこれを含む油脂、及びリン脂質を含む飼料を家畜に給餌させたことにより、n−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含有率を高めても、通常の肉と同等な保存安定性を保つことが可能な畜肉、特に畜肉を提供することが可能となる。すなわち、保存安定性が保たれ、かつ多価不飽和脂肪酸の含有比をバランスのよい摂取量比とした食材の提供が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は本発明の実施例1にかかる畜肉改質飼料に関するフローチャート図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a meat improving agent, a feed for improving meat, a modified meat and a method of modifying meat, and in particular, a meat having an increased proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids having excellent storage stability. The present invention relates to a meat improving agent, a feed for improving meat, a modified meat, and a method for reforming meat, which can provide the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, consumer preferences have been diversified, and for meat production, it has been required to add value by increasing its quality, and in fact, various technological developments have been made so far. I have.
[0003]
Improving the nutritional content of meat has also attracted attention as one of the methods for providing high value-added meat to the market. In particular, n-3 polyvalent non-polysaccharides that can be expected to have various effects such as prevention of the occurrence of cancer. Saturated fatty acids have attracted attention.
[0004]
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is a kind of polyunsaturated fatty acid together with the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and is an essential fatty acid that is not synthesized in the human body. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are scarcely present in meat-derived lipids fed and raised, and dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets centered on these meats The amount is reduced. In the diet, it has been reported that a well-balanced intake of lipids is good for health. The sixth revision of the "Japanese Nutrition Requirements" (1999) states that saturated fatty acids: Fatty acid intake balance such that the monounsaturated fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid intake ratio is 3: 4: 3, and the polyunsaturated fatty acid is n-6 series: n-3 series = 4: 1. Is reported to be desirable.
[0005]
From this point of view, specific examples of the livestock products with added value by increasing the content of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid include chicken eggs containing more DHA and α-linolenic acid than conventional ones. For example, an egg with an increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content can be produced by improving the feed composition so that the feed contains more DHA and α-linolenic acid than ordinary ones ( Patent Document 1).
[0006]
On the other hand, with regard to livestock meat, attempts have been made to configure the feed to be administered only with plant-derived raw materials or to administer a feed with a lipid composition different from the general one. For example, it has been reported that by adding linseed oil to feed, the proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pork can be increased (see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0007]
However, it is known that the meat having improved fatty acid ratio has a lower storage stability by containing more polyunsaturated fatty acids than normal meat (see Non-Patent Document 2). In addition, the sales form exposed to fluorescent light irradiation in the showcase is also one of the factors that lowers the storage stability of meat, and is more susceptible to photooxidation than eggs that are shaded by eggshells, Meat with a high polyunsaturated fatty acid content is considered to be susceptible.
[0008]
Therefore, methods for improving the storage stability of livestock meat include application of storage stabilizers and improvement of storage containers and methods.However, in view of consumer sentiment that strongly desires food safety, use of storage stabilizers is It is difficult to accept it, and it is difficult to improve it at present because it requires distribution costs to improve storage containers and storage methods. For this reason, attempts have been made to improve the storage stability of livestock meat by administering an antioxidant to livestock animals by various methods and transferring it to livestock meat. For example, it has been reported that administration of vitamin E for storage stability of beef can contribute to maintaining meat quality (see Non-Patent Document 3). It is also known that, when the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased, the melting point of fat may be remarkably lowered, so that it is determined to be "soft fat" and the rating may be lowered.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-80164
[Non-patent document 1]
Yamamoto et al., Ishikawa Prefectural Livestock Research Center Research Report, 33, p. 29-33, 1999
[Non-patent document 2]
D. U. Ahn et al., Meat Science, 43, p. 291-299, 1996
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Mitsumoto et al., Nisshakai Bulletin, 66 (11), p. 962-968, 1995
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventional livestock meat in which the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids has been improved has a problem that storage stability is deteriorated because the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids is increased. In this regard, in order to improve stability, attempts have been made to use vitamin E or the like, but sufficient stability has not been obtained, and its storage stability, that is, lipid oxidation in meat, In particular, a method for effectively suppressing the influence of oxidation by light has been required.
Further, at the same time, there has been a demand for a method capable of achieving suppression of a decrease in fat melting point due to an increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio.
[0011]
Therefore, the present invention aims to improve the nutritional fortification by increasing the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat, and at the same time, significantly improve the storage stability of the meat, and preferably achieve the suppression of reduction in fat melting point. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pulping agent, a feed capable of modifying the same, and a breeding method (reformation method) capable of modifying the feed.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phospholipids, preferably Meat obtained from animals to which oil-soluble antioxidant vitamins were simultaneously administered has a property that the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is remarkably higher than that of normal meat, and the storage stability is high even in the conventional distribution form. Have and found that suppression of fat melting point reduction is performed, furthermore, even when administered as a compound feed containing these as a feed composition, the same effect is obtained, and regardless of animal species, these methods are used. The present inventors have found that livestock meat and other livestock products having high storage stability can be produced while improving the content of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, thereby completing the present invention.
[0013]
That is, the present invention relates to a meat improving agent containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or a fat containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and a phospholipid, and an n-3 polyunsaturation. Provided is a feed for improving meat of animals containing fats and oils containing fatty acids and / or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids.
In addition, the present invention provides a modified meat obtained by administering or feeding the above-mentioned meat improving agent or the feed containing the meat improving agent, or the above-mentioned meat improving feed.
Further, according to another aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving meat by administering or feeding the above-mentioned meat improving agent or the feed containing the meat improving agent, or the above-mentioned feed for improving meat.
Further, according to another aspect, the present invention provides a storage stability modifier for a fatty acid composition-modified livestock meat containing lecithin, and the storage stability modifier, a feed containing the same, or lecithin. Provided is a method for improving the storage stability of a meat meat having a modified fatty acid composition by administering or feeding a feed for improving storage stability.
[0014]
According to the present invention, since the feed containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing the same and phospholipids is fed to livestock or the like, the content of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is reduced. It is possible to provide livestock meat that can be significantly increased in comparison with ordinary ones, and that has significantly improved storage stability. Further, suppression of reduction in fat melting point can be achieved. Further, in the present invention, there is provided a food material in which the content ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids is close to the well-balanced intake ratio of n-6 system: n-3 system = 4: 1 while maintaining storage stability. Becomes possible. Further, it is possible to provide foodstuffs in which the content ratio of the total fatty acids is close to the saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid = 3: 4: 3, which is a well-balanced intake ratio.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, livestock meat is particularly livestock meat (including organs), and specifically, pork, beef, mutton, goat, wild boar, horse meat, venison, chicken, pheasant, duck, Quail meat, turkey meat, pigeon meat and the like. Particularly, it is preferably applied to pork, beef, and chicken. More preferably, it is pork.
[0016]
(Meat modifier)
The meat improving agent of the present invention contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phospholipids. From the viewpoint of assisting the action of the storage stability of the phospholipid (synergistic effect), it is preferable to further contain a fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin.
[0017]
The modifier of the present invention can be applied to any of the above-mentioned animal meats, but is particularly preferably applied to animal meats having a low content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as pork, beef and chicken.
[0018]
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the present invention is, specifically, α-linolenic acid (C18: 3), octadecatetraenoic acid (C18: 4, 6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid). ), Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5), docosapentaenoic acid (C22: 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosapentaenoic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6), and derivatives thereof. It is. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and derivatives thereof are preferable, and at least one of them is preferable. Particularly, α-linolenic acid is preferred. As a particularly preferred embodiment, it is preferable that 50% by mass or more of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is α-linolenic acid. These n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are contained in various animal and vegetable oils, but ordinary vegetable oils contain only a few percent, and even rapeseed oil contains only about 10% of α-linolenic acid. . The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid required for the present invention can be suitably obtained from linseed oil (flux oil), perilla seed oil, perilla oil, fish oil, marine animal oil, microalga extracted oil, and the like. In particular, linseed oil is preferred.
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid may be used as an extract as described above, may be used as an oil or fat containing these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or may be used as a mixture. .
[0019]
The fats and oils containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the present invention specifically include linseed oil (flux oil), perilla oil, perilla oil, fish oil, marine animal oil, and microalgae extracted oil. It can be used. Above all, linseed oil is preferred. Linseed oil usually contains about 50% by mass or more of α-linolenic acid in its constituent fatty acids, and a relatively small amount of α-linolenic acid can ensure a sufficient amount of α-linolenic acid. Important as a source. The linseed oil is not particularly limited, and for example, linseed crude oil, pressed linseed oil, refined linseed oil, and the like can be used, and linseed soap, pressed linseed meal, and the like can be used as they are. From the viewpoint of production cost, it is preferable to use semi-refined oil as much as possible. The semi-refined oil refers to a process oil after the degumming step and before the decolorization step, and the purified oil refers to a fat or oil that has gone through the deodorization step.
[0020]
Next, the phospholipid in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include phospholipids derived from animals and plants, such as those derived from plant seeds, and enzyme- and chemically-synthesized phospholipids. Preferably, a phospholipid derived from animals and plants is used. Plant seeds include rapeseed, safflower, soybean, corn, sesame, cottonseed and the like. Animal origin includes egg yolk, bovine brain and the like. The type of the phospholipid is not particularly limited. For example, various types of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), and the like can be used. Lecithin alone and a mixture of two or more thereof are exemplified. The shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include oil, paste, powder, granule, and block. In addition, the phospholipids obtained by enzyme synthesis and chemical synthesis are not particularly limited. For example, PS, PI, PA, LPE (lysophos) prepared by base exchange reaction or hydrolysis reaction using phospholipase or chemical synthesis. And high-purity products such as LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine) and the like. It is preferably derived from plant raw materials such as soybean, rapeseed, linseed, corn, cottonseed, sunflower, safflower and the like, and lecithin extracted therefrom is preferred. In particular, lecithin derived from soybean is preferable. Those generated during the step of pressing oil from plant raw materials can also be suitably used. That is, examples of lecithin that can be used in the present invention include known paste-like lecithin, and powdery, granular, or massive high-purity lecithin obtained using the paste-like lecithin as a raw material. Such a paste-like lecithin is usually obtained by filtering and drying a soapstock obtained in a degumming step in producing an oil or fat from oil seeds such as soybeans, rapeseed, sunflower, safflower, and linseed, and is generally used. It contains about 30 to 40% by mass of lipid. As a means for supplying lecithin, a soapstock can be used as it is. On the other hand, high-purity lecithin is usually obtained by using the above-mentioned pasty lecithin as a raw material, and purifying the lecithin component by a treatment such as separation, concentration, and drying using a solvent such as alcohol, acetone, propanol, cyclohexane, benzene, or chloroform. It is. Lecithin that has been enzymatically degraded using phospholipase can also be used.
[0021]
Next, the fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin in the present invention is not particularly limited, and vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin D, and their homologues and isomers, which are generally called fat-soluble vitamins , Derivatives, precursors and the like. Also, the origin may be natural or synthetic. Specifically, in vitamin E, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, homologues of δ-tocotrienol, and RRR-α-tocopherol , 2-epi-α-tocopherol, isomers represented by 2-ambo-α-tocopherol, vitamin E derivatives such as tocopherol acetate, calcium tocopherol succinate, and dl-α-tocopherol acetate. In vitamin A, retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, 3-dehydroretinol, 3-dehydroretinal, 3-dehydroretinoic acid, or provitamin A, β-carotene, α-carotene, γ-carotene, β-carotene Cryptoxanthine, echinenone, β-apo-12′-carotenal, β-apo-12′-caroteneic acid, and the like. As for vitamin K, in addition to phyloquinone (K1), menaquinone (K2) homologues, etc., menadione (K3), menadiol (K4), 4-amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol (K5) ), 2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenediamine (K6), and homologs such as 4-amino-3-methyl-1-naphthol (K7). For vitamin D, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, vitamin D4, vitamin D5, vitamin D6, vitamin D7, provitamin D such as ergosterol and 7-DHC, or previtamin D, pyrovitamin D, isopirovitamin D, etc. And the like. The form is not limited to liquid, paste, granule, powder, etc. Among these, vitamin E or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof is particularly preferred. Further, α-tocopherol or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof is more preferable.
In the present invention, these can be used as a mixture, but at least one of them is preferably vitamin E. Vitamin E includes α, β, γ, δ, each tocopherol or each tocotrienol, or an optical isomer thereof, or a tocopherol derivative such as tocopherol acetate, and preferably contains one or more of these. The origin thereof is not limited to any of animal raw materials, plant raw materials and the like, and its form is not limited to any of liquid, paste, granule, powder and the like.
[0022]
The method for producing tocopherol used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, it can be produced by the following method. That is, as a raw material, deodorized scum, deodorized sludge, hot well soap, and the like, which are by-produced in the deodorization step of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, palm oil, and palm kernel oil. And an anion exchange resin or molecular distillation or a combination thereof.
[0023]
In the meat improving agent of the present invention, the amount of each component to be added is not limited, but the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid may be 25%. It is preferable that the composition contains about 90% by mass and 75 to 10% by mass of a phospholipid.
More preferably, the amount of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is 35 to 70% by mass, and the amount of the phospholipid is 65 to 30% by mass. When an oil or fat containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is used, it is preferable to make the content higher than when using an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Specifically, 35 to 90% by mass is preferable, and in this case, the phospholipid is 65 to 10% by mass.
[0024]
Further, the blending ratio can be appropriately changed depending on the type of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and the phospholipid used. For example, when α-linolenic acid is used as the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin is used as the phospholipid, α-linolenic acid is contained in an amount of 25 to 90% by mass and lecithin in an amount of 75 to 10% by mass. More preferably, it contains 35 to 70% by mass of α-linolenic acid and 65 to 30% by mass of lecithin, and contains 35 to 55% by mass of α-linolenic acid and 65 to 45% by mass of lecithin. Is most preferred. When linseed oil is used as the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin is used as the phospholipid, the linseed oil contains 25 to 90% by mass and lecithin 75 to 10% by mass. More preferably, it contains 35 to 90% by mass of linseed oil and 65 to 10% by mass of lecithin, and most preferably 50 to 70% by mass of linseed oil and 50 to 30% by mass of lecithin.
[0025]
Although the meat improving agent of the present invention can be used alone as it is, it is usually preferable to use it by adding it to feed for livestock. When used alone, various administration methods are possible, but oral administration is preferred. The form of the modifier is not limited. They may be fed as they are, or may be administered as tablets or capsules. Moreover, you may make it liquid. On the other hand, when the present modifier is added to the feed and used, the animal meat modifier of the present invention is added to the whole feed including the present agent such that each component has the following content. (Specifically, for example, it is preferable to add the present modifier in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 4% by mass). The amount is adjusted to an appropriate amount in accordance with the amount of each component, but is not limited thereto.
That is, the content of each component with respect to the whole feed including the present modifier is 0.125 to 5 mass% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or fat containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. % And the phospholipid are preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass. More preferably, 0.25 to 3.6% by mass of fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and 0.1 to 3% by mass of phospholipid. It is. Most preferably, 0.4 to 2% by mass of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and 0.4 to 1.5% by mass of the phospholipid. %. When an oil or fat containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is used, it is preferable to make the content higher than when using an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. -5% by mass is preferable, and 0.5-2% by mass is most preferable. In this case, the phospholipid is preferably 0.05-5% by mass, and most preferably 0.4-1.5% by mass. Further, the content ratio (mass% ratio) of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid to the phospholipid is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 3. And more preferably 7: 3 to 7:13.
[0026]
Further, depending on the type of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid to be used, and the type of the phospholipid, the blending ratio can be appropriately changed to an appropriate ratio, For example, when α-linolenic acid is used as the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin is used as the phospholipid, which is a preferable combination in the present invention, n-type is also a preferable combination in the present invention. When linseed oil is used as the fat or oil containing the tertiary polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin is used as the phospholipid, 0.125 to 5% by mass of α-linolenic acid and 0.05 to 5% by mass of the lecithin are used. %, More preferably 0.25 to 3.6% by mass of α-linolenic acid and 0.1 to 3% by mass of the lecithin, and 0.4 to 1% of α-linolenic acid. 2 wt%, and most preferably comprising the lecithin 0.4 to 1.5% by weight. In addition, in the case of using linseed oil as a fat or oil containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin as a phospholipid, which is a preferable combination in the present invention, linseed oil is 0.125 to 5% by mass, And preferably contains 0.05 to 5% by mass of the lecithin, more preferably 0.25 to 3.6% by mass of linseed oil and 0.1 to 3% by mass of the lecithin, and 0 to 10% by mass of linseed oil. Most preferably, it contains 0.5 to 2% by mass, and 0.4 to 1.5% by mass of the lecithin. Further, the content ratio (% by mass) of α-linolenic acid and / or linseed oil to lecithin is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 3, and more preferably 7: 3 to 7:13.
[0027]
Nutritional balance (for example, content ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the modified meat, storage stability, suppression of decrease in fat melting point, flavor of feed, feed From the viewpoint of storage stability and the like, it is preferable to add them in the above range.
[0028]
In other words, the preferred content and content ratio of each component can be expressed as follows: both when the present modifier is used alone and when added to feed, it is used in livestock meat modified with these. The content and content of each component were adjusted such that the content ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid became 0.5: 1 to 10: 1. It is preferred to administer or feed the quality agent or feed to livestock. That is, the ratio of n-6 / n-3 is preferably 0.5 to 10, more preferably 0.5 to 7, and still more preferably 0.5 to 5. The dosage and amount of each component are adjusted so that the storage stability corresponding to the fatty acid content can be maintained. As a result, not only the content of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is simply increased, but also a foodstuff having excellent nutritional balance and excellent storage stability can be obtained.
[0029]
In addition, a commercial feed can be used as the basic feed to which the present modifier is added. The basic feed raw materials include various carbohydrate raw materials, protein raw materials, fat and oil raw materials, trace nutrient raw materials such as minerals and minerals, various feed additives, and the like. As a carbohydrate raw material, a plant raw material is mainly used, and various cereals, specifically, corn, mylo, barley, wheat, brown rice, alfalfa meal, foliage of various plants (including hay), bran, soybean hull, etc. It is manufactured lees and the like such as alga (bran), corn germ meal, beet pulp and citrus pulp. The protein raw material includes a vegetable raw material and an animal raw material. The vegetable raw material is a vegetable oil cake such as soybean oil cake and rape oil cake, and the animal raw material is fish meal and the like. Fats and oils raw materials include various vegetable fats and oils and animal fats and oils. In addition, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, salt and the like are included.
[0030]
In the present invention, the fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin is preferably contained because it has a synergistic effect with lecithin, and is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 1000 mg per kg based on the whole feed including the present modifier. More preferably, it is 50 to 500 mg. Even when the present modifier is used alone, it is preferable to administer a fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin in an amount equivalent to the above range. The fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin is preferably vitamin E or a derivative thereof, particularly α-tocopherol or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof, and examples thereof include dl-α-tocopherol acetate. When the fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin is vitamin E, it preferably contains 20 to 800 IU / kg, more preferably 50 to 300 IU / kg, based on the whole feed including the present modifier. . As for IU, the activity of 1 mg of All-rac-α-Toc Ace (dl-α-tocopherol acetate) is defined as 1.00 IU.
[0031]
Although there is no particular limitation on the method for producing the meat improving agent of the present invention, in view of the effect of improving the storage stability of phospholipids, it is preferable that the components are mixed well so that the phospholipids are evenly distributed. Is preferred.
[0032]
(Animal feed for meat improvement)
The feed for improving meat of the present invention contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phospholipids. It is preferable to further contain a fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin from the viewpoint of assisting the storage stability effect of the phospholipid.
[0033]
The applied meat is the same as that of the above-described modifier, and is used with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and fat-soluble antioxidant vitamins. Is the same.
[0034]
In the feed for improving meat of the present invention, the content of each component is not limited, but the total feed is n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is preferable that 0.15 to 5% by mass of fats and oils containing and 0.05 to 5% by mass of phospholipid are contained. More preferably, 0.25 to 3.6% by mass of fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and 0.1 to 3% by mass of phospholipid. It is. Most preferably, 0.4 to 2% by mass of an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or an oil or fat containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and 0.4 to 1.5 mass% of a phospholipid. %. When an oil or fat containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is used, it is preferable to make the content higher than when using an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. -5% by mass is preferable, and 0.5-2% by mass is most preferable. In this case, the phospholipid is preferably 0.05-5% by mass, and most preferably 0.4-1.5% by mass. Further, the content ratio (mass%) of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat and oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid to the phospholipid is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 3, More preferably, it is 7: 3 to 7:13.
[0035]
Further, depending on the type of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and / or the fat or oil containing the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid to be used, and the type of the phospholipid, the blending ratio can be appropriately changed to an appropriate ratio, For example, when α-linolenic acid is used as the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin is used as the phospholipid, which is a preferable combination in the present invention, α-linolenic acid is added in an amount of 0.125 to 5% by mass. , And the lecithin preferably comprises 0.05 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.25 to 3.6% by mass of α-linolenic acid, and 0.1 to 3% by mass of the lecithin. Most preferably, it contains 0.4 to 1.2% by weight of linolenic acid and 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of the lecithin. In addition, in the case of using linseed oil as a fat or oil containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and soybean-derived lecithin as a phospholipid, which is a preferable combination in the present invention, linseed oil is 0.125 to 5% by mass, And preferably contains 0.05 to 5% by mass of the lecithin, more preferably 0.25 to 3.6% by mass of linseed oil and 0.1 to 3% by mass of the lecithin, and 0 to 10% by mass of linseed oil. Most preferably, it contains 0.5 to 2% by mass, and 0.4 to 1.5% by mass of the lecithin. Further, the content ratio (% by mass) of α-linolenic acid and / or linseed oil to lecithin is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 3, and more preferably 7: 3 to 7:13.
[0036]
Nutritional balance (for example, content ratio of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the modified meat, storage stability, suppression of decrease in fat melting point, flavor of feed, feed From the viewpoint of storage stability and the like, it is preferable to add them in the above range.
[0037]
In other words, the preferable content and content ratio of each component are as follows: n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat modified by the feed for reforming. It is preferable to feed the livestock with the present reforming feed in which the content and content of each component are adjusted so that the content ratio is 0.5: 1 to 10: 1. That is, the ratio of n-6 / n-3 is preferably 0.5 to 10, more preferably 0.5 to 7, and still more preferably 0.5 to 5. The content of each component in the feed is adjusted so that the storage stability corresponding to the fatty acid content can be maintained. As a result, not only the content of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is simply increased, but also a foodstuff having excellent nutritional balance and excellent storage stability can be obtained.
[0038]
As the feed to which each component of the present invention such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is added, a commercially available feed can be used. As mentioned above.
[0039]
In the present invention, the fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin is preferably contained because it has a synergistic action with lecithin, and is preferably contained in an amount of 10 to 1000 mg per 1 kg of feed. More preferably, it is 50 to 500 mg. The fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin is preferably vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof, and examples thereof include dl-α-tocopherol acetate. When the fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin is vitamin E, it preferably contains 20 to 800 IU per kg of feed, and more preferably 50 to 300 IU / kg.
[0040]
Although there is no particular limitation on the method for producing the feed for improving meat of the present invention, in view of the effect of improving the storage stability of phospholipids, each component is thoroughly mixed so that the phospholipids are evenly distributed in the feed. It is preferable to manufacture it.
[0041]
(Meat improvement method)
The livestock meat improving method of the present invention is based on administering or feeding the above-mentioned livestock improving agent or a feed containing the same, or the above-mentioned livestock improving feed.
As long as the modifying agent or feed of the present invention is administered or fed, other breeding environments and the like may be ordinary conditions and methods, and are not limited.
[0042]
The administration or feeding period of the meat quality improving agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to administer continuously, and the preferable period varies depending on the type of livestock bred. If the period is too short, the degree of reforming is low and it is not effective. For example, in the case of pigs, the period is at least 40 days or more, preferably 60 days or more, and more preferably 120 days or more from the scheduled end date of breeding of the meat.
Further, the dose or feed amount of the meat quality improving agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the preferable dose or feed amount differs depending on the type of livestock to be bred. For example, in the case of a pig, it is preferably 0.55 to 5.5 kg per pig for 40 days, and more preferably 0.78 to 7.8 kg per pig for 60 days.
[0043]
The modified meat thus obtained has a high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and has the same storage stability as ordinary meat. Further, the content ratio of the polyunsaturated fatty acid can make the intake ratio well balanced for humans.
Furthermore, suppression of a decrease in fat melting point can be achieved.
[0044]
(Storage stability modifier, feed for storage stability modification, and storage stability modification method)
The storage stability improver for livestock meat with modified fatty acid composition of the present invention contains lecithin. The agent is used in a method for improving the storage stability of fatty acid composition-modified livestock meat, which improves the storage stability of fatty acid composition-modified livestock meat having an increased content of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. It is also preferable to contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereby an effect equivalent to that of the above-mentioned meat improving agent is obtained. Also, the case where administration or feeding is performed separately and during the same period or at different periods is included in the method. However, when a higher effect is desired, it is preferable to use it in a form mixed with the above-mentioned n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or the like.
[0045]
Further, the feed for improving the storage stability of the meat with modified fatty acid composition according to the present invention contains lecithin. This feed is also the same as the storage stability modifier, and preferably contains an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oil containing an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The same effect as that of the feed for improving livestock meat obtained can be obtained, but the case where the feed is separately provided during the same period and for a different period is also included in the method. However, when a higher effect is desired, it is preferable to use it in a form mixed with the above-mentioned n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or the like.
The dose or feed amount of the storage stability improving agent and the storage stability improving feed is calculated according to the above-described animal meat improving agent and the animal meat improving feed.
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the storage stability modifier, the feed for storage stability improvement, and the storage stability improvement method of the present invention, the effect of suppressing the lowering of the fat melting point is exhibited, and not only the storage stability but also this point is improved. Can be quality.
[0046]
While the meat improving agent and the like of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is applicable not only to meat but also to other livestock products.
[0047]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
Example 1
As a basic feed, a commercially available compound feed (Table 1 shows the feed raw materials and Table 2 shows the feed component amounts), linseed oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.) 1.5% and lecithin (Nisshin Oil) 100% of dl-α-tocopherol acetate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to 1% of the oil and 1 kg of the basic feed to obtain a feed of the present invention (Table 3). The addition was performed at the time of preparing the feed.
[0048]
Comparative Examples 1-3
For comparison with the examples, the following comparative feeds were prepared (Table 3).
Comparative Example 1: Commercial Formula Feed (Basic Feed) Only
Comparative Example 2: 1.5% of linseed oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.) and 100 IU / kg of dl-α-tocopherol acetate (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added to a commercial compound feed (basic feed).
Comparative Example 3: 1.5% linseed oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.), 1% soybean oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.), and dl-α-tocopherol acetate (Kishida) 100 IU / kg added by Chemical Co., Ltd.
In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the addition was performed at the time of preparing the feed.
[0049]
[Table 1]
[0050]
[Table 2]
[0051]
[Table 3]
[0052]
Example 2
Three pigs (late fattening) of three-way hybrid (LWD) were prepared per group (three males and four females), and the feeds obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were given for 5 months to 6 months after birth. They were paid for 67 days a month. Feeding method was free intake (continuous feeding: eat as much as you want). Table 4 shows the data of the pigs in each group and the feed supply.
[0053]
[Table 4]
[0054]
(Measurement of fatty acid composition)
After feeding the test feed for 67 days, the fatty acid composition in the back fat (inner layer) of the pigs of each group slaughtered and dismantled was measured by a chloroform-methanol extraction method. The method is as follows.
About 80% of water was added, and 300 ml of methanol: chloroform (2: 1) was added to the swollen back fat to homogenize. This was filtered to obtain a filtrate (extract), and then 100 ml of chloroform was added to the filtration residue, homogenized, and re-extracted to obtain a filtrate. The filtrate was mixed with 100 ml of a salt solution, separated into two layers, and the lower layer was recovered and the solvent was removed to obtain lipid. The fatty acid composition was measured using gas chromatography (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Table 5 shows the measurement results. The value is the average value of the results measured for each sample from 7 animals in each group.
[0055]
[Table 5]
[0056]
(Evaluation of meat storage stability)
Next, the storage stability of meat produced in each group was evaluated by the following method. The evaluation was performed by measuring the degree of lipid peroxidation (measurement of TBARS value).
Samples were collected from the back fat (inner layer) of all test pigs (4 groups x 7 = total 28). Each sample was about 1 g (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm), which was cut in advance, stored frozen (−80 ° C.), and thawed during the storage stability test. The sample was stored at a temperature of 4 ° C. for 3 days with the sample wrapped. During the storage period, an average of 40 μmol s -1 m -2 Irradiated with fluorescent light so that The measurement of the TBARS value was performed on days 0 and 3 of storage.
Measurement method of TBARS value: An appropriate amount of a sample was weighed out, and a 7-fold amount of an aqueous solution of 1.15% potassium chloride was added thereto. After mixing these, the sample was dispensed into a 500 μl brown test tube. A dilution series was prepared using a standard solution (1,1,3,3, -tetraethoxypropane) in the target measurement range, and 1.5 ml of a 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (ice-cooled) was added. , A 0.67% aqueous TBA solution was added and mixed, and a proper amount of a BHT acetic acid solution was added, mixed, and heated at 95 to 100 ° C. for 45 minutes. After heating, the mixture was rapidly cooled in cold water to room temperature (5 minutes), and then 3 ml of n-butanol was added and shaken (15 seconds). After centrifugation, the butanol layer was measured by absorbance (535, 520 nm). Table 6 shows the measurement results. The value is the average value of the results measured for each sample from 7 animals in each group.
[0057]
[Table 6]
[0058]
(Evaluation of suppression of decrease in fat melting point)
In the present invention, since linseed oil is administered for the purpose of improving the n-6 / n-3 ratio, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids tends to increase, and the fat melting point tends to decrease. Is marked as "soft fat", the rating is lowered, and the evaluation price is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable that this can be suppressed.
Then, next, the effect of suppressing the decrease in fat melting point was confirmed.
For each group, the fat extracted from the back fat (inner layer) was heated in warm water to measure the fat melting point. Table 7 shows the measurement results. The value is the average value of the results measured for each sample from 7 animals in each group.
[0059]
[Table 7]
[0060]
Comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 reveals that the administration of lecithin suppresses the decrease in fat melting point, even though the fatty acid composition of the lipids in the sample (Table 5) is equivalent.
[0061]
(Improved feed storage stability)
Linseed oil (Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.) (1.5%), lecithin (1.0%), soybean oil (Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.) (1.0%), dl- A feed was prepared by adding α-tocopherol acetate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or α-tocopherol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (100 IU / kg) as shown in Table 8 below, and the POV was prepared. Oxide value) was measured.
[0062]
[Table 8]
[0063]
When linseed oil was added, the increase in POV was suppressed in the lecithin-added feed (B, C, D) as compared with the soybean oil-added feed (E, F), and the feed preservation was stabilized by the antioxidant effect of lecithin. It can be said that the performance has been improved.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing the same, and feed containing phospholipids are fed to livestock to produce n-3 Even if the content of the system polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased, it is possible to provide livestock meat, particularly livestock meat, which can maintain the same storage stability as ordinary meat. In other words, it is possible to provide foodstuffs that maintain storage stability and have a well-balanced intake ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for a livestock modified feed according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (28)
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JP2011147402A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-08-04 | Kosei Sangyo Kk | Meat quality improving agent for meat, and method for producing the same |
JP2015070849A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-16 | モンサント テクノロジー エルエルシー | Poultry meat and poultry eggs comprising beneficial fatty acids |
JP2016195559A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-11-24 | 株式会社J−オイルミルズ | Animal feed material and its use |
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CN108142672A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-12 | 农业公司法人格林格莱斯株式会社 | Fodder compound using perilla cake and preparation method thereof |
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