JP2004173404A - Rotation suppressing means for medium- and small-sized wind turbine generator - Google Patents

Rotation suppressing means for medium- and small-sized wind turbine generator Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004173404A
JP2004173404A JP2002335783A JP2002335783A JP2004173404A JP 2004173404 A JP2004173404 A JP 2004173404A JP 2002335783 A JP2002335783 A JP 2002335783A JP 2002335783 A JP2002335783 A JP 2002335783A JP 2004173404 A JP2004173404 A JP 2004173404A
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Prior art keywords
rotor
rotation
small
medium
wind
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Katsuhiro Sakai
勝弘 酒井
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Chikoji Gakuen Educational Foundation
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Chikoji Gakuen Educational Foundation
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30Wind power
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress increase in the number of revolutions of a wind turbine 1 in a gale and effectively convert wind energy which is increased in a gale into electrical energy without loss with respect to medium- and small-sized wind turbine generators. <P>SOLUTION: A rotor 12 is radially disposed relative to the axis, and is so constituted that it can be moved in the radial direction. A stator 15 is opposed to the rotor 12 and is similarly radially disposed relative to the axis. As the centrifugal force is increased with increase in the number of revolutions, the rotor 12 is moved outward in the radial direction. Thus, the overlapping distance L between the rotor 12 and the stator 15 is increased, and the magnetic fields are intensified. As a result, the rotation of the rotor 12 is suppressed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、市街地や家庭への普及を目的とした中小型風力発電機において、強風時の風車の回転数の上昇を抑制して運転の静音化を図るとともに、強風時に増大する風力エネルギーを損失することなく有効に電気エネルギーに変換可能な中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、風車の回転で発電機を駆動し、風力エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する風力発電機は、市街地や家庭での設置を目的とした中小型タイプのものが提案され、環境汚染物質を全く排出しないクリーン性、無尽蔵な自然エネルギーを利用する省エネ性等で、地球温暖化問題を解決するためのエネルギー手段として普及が期待されている。この中小型風力発電機は、飛行機形状の本体の前端にプロペラ型の風車を設け、風車の回転で回転子を駆動して発電するもので、太陽光発電と併用としたハイブリット型も提案されている。そして、全体を小型で軽量とし、市街地でモニュメントとして設置したり、支持棒を用いて家屋のベランダや屋根等への設置を可能としている。
【0003】
かかる中小型風力発電機において、強風時に風車が高速で回転して大きな風切り音を生じ、この騒音の発生が市街地や家庭への普及の大きな障壁とされ、運転の静音化が求められている。従来、中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段としては、台風のような大風時に運転停止とする以外に、10数m/s程度以上の強風時にピッチ角を変えて風を逃がす(フェザーリング)手段や、最近では、発電機の出力側電流を断続的に瞬時ショートさせ、この時生じる誘導逆起電力で回転子の回転に対する抵抗を加え、回転数を一定以下に抑制する構造としたものが提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
こうした回転抑制手段は、風速の3乗に比例する風力エネルギーが有効に発電に寄与することなく無駄となり、強風時に飛躍的に増大する風力エネルギーを効率的に電気エネルギーに変換するものではない。
【0005】
この発明は、強風時の風車の回転数の上昇を抑制して中小型風力発電機の静音化、低振動化を図るとともに、強風時に増大する風力エネルギーを損失することなく有効に電気エネルギーに変換可能な中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段を提供することを目的とするものである。また、風速の上昇に対して自立的、自動的、無段階に回転の抑制を図ることができ、特別な制御装置や制御回路を必要とせず、廉価でコンパクトに製作可能な中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、この発明の中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段は、回転子12を軸心に対して放射状に配置するとともに、放射方向へ移動可能とし、固定子15を回転子12と対向させて同じく軸心に対して放射状に配置する。そして、回転数の増加に伴う遠心力の増大に応じて回転子12が放射方向外側へ移動し、回転子12と固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離Lを大きくし、磁場を強めることで回転子12の回転を抑制することを特徴とするものである。
【0007】
また、この発明の中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段は、回転子12として永久磁石を用い、S極とN極とを交番関係に配置して発電機を多極構造とするものである。さらに、軸心から設けたバネ13で回転子12を保持し、遠心力の増大に応じてバネ13に抗して回転子12が放射方向外側へ移動するように構成するものである。
【0008】
このように構成したので、回転子12の回転数の増加に伴う遠心力の増大で回転子12が放射方向外側へ移動し、回転子12と固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離Lを大きくすることで磁場を強め、回転子12の回転に要する回転トルクを増大させ、風車1の回転数の上昇を抑制することができる。そして、強風時に増大する風力エネルギーを無駄なく有効に電気エネルギーに変換し、風力エネルギーを損失することなく効率的な発電を可能とするものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下にこの発明の実施の形態を、図面を用いて具体的に説明する。
図面は、この発明に基づいた実施例で、界磁として永久磁石を用いた独立電源型の中小型風力発電機への適用例である。図において、風力発電機の軸心にスプラインシャフト3(固定軸)がスプラインナット4で固定され、風車1がベアリング2を介してスプラインシャフト3に回転自在に取り付けられている。発電機10は風車1と直結され、永久磁石である回転子12と、コイルを巻線した電機子である固定子15とで構成され、風車1の回転に連動して永久磁石が回転する回転界磁形の発電機である。
【0010】
回転子12は、発電機10の軸心に対して放射状位置に配置され、S極とN極とを交番関係に配置した多極構造が採られている(図2参照)。各回転子12は、軸心から設けたバネ13で保持されていて放射方向へ移動可能とされている。固定子15はスプラインシャフト3に固定され、回転子12と対向させて同じく軸心に対して放射状に配置され、固定子15を挟んで固定子15の両側に回転子12を配置している。固定子15は、発電機10の外周端に近接して配置され、回転子12の放射方向への移動に伴い、回転子12と固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離Lが最小(L1)から最大(L3)の範囲で可変するように構成されている。
【0011】
このように構成した中小型風力発電機において、風車1の停止状態(無風状態)では、回転子12は、バネ13の圧縮力で発電機10の最も内側位置に保持され、固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離L1は最も小さな状態である(図1の状態)。
【0012】
風速が所定の値に達すると、風車1が始動して回転子12を駆動し、固定子15の両側に沿って回転子12が連動して回転する。回転数の増加に伴い回転子12に作用する遠心力が増大し、この遠心力の作用で回転子12はバネ13に抗して放射方向外側へ移動し、固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離がL2へと変動する(図3の状態)。さらに、回転数が増加して遠心力が増大すると、回転子12は放射方向最外側へ移動し、固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離はL3の最大の状態となる(図4の状態)。
【0013】
このようにして、回転子12と固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離Lを大きくすることで発電機の磁場が強められ、磁場の増大は回転子12の回転に要する回転トルクを増大させ、回転子12を駆動する風車1の回転数の上昇が抑制される。また、発電機の出力は磁場の強さに依存するので、風力エネルギーを無駄なく有効に電気エネルギーに変換することができる。
【0014】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明の中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段は、放射方向へ移動可能とした回転子12を、回転数の増加に伴う遠心力の増大に応じて放射方向外側へ移動させ、固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離Lを大きくし、磁場を強めて回転子12の回転に要する回転トルクを増大させ、回転子12の回転を抑制するもので、風速の上昇に対して風車1の回転数の上昇率を一定以下に抑え、中小型風力発電機の静音化、低振動化を図ることができる。そして、このようにして磁場を強めて回転の抑制を図ると同時に、発電機の出力は磁場の強さに依存するので、強風時に飛躍的に増大する風力エネルギーを無駄なく有効に電気エネルギーに変換し、風力エネルギーを損失することなく効率的な発電を可能とするものである。
【0015】
また、この発明は、回転数の増加に伴う回転子12に作用する遠心力の増大を利用するものであるから、自立的、自動的、無段階に風車1の回転数の上昇の抑制を図ることができ、回転を抑制するための特別な制御装置や制御回路を必要とせず、廉価でコンパクトに製作可能な中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段を提供するものである。
【0016】
また、この発明の中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段を適用することで、オーバーラッピング距離がL1の最小の状態で弱風から発電可能とし、L3の最大の状態で最も磁場を強めてパワーを最大限に取り出すことができるなど、弱風から強風までの極めて広範囲な風速範囲に対応した運転を可能とするものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の中小型風力発電機の実施例で、風車が停止した状態の断面図。
【図2】回転子の配置を示す説明図。
【図3】回転子が放射方向外側へ移動した状態の断面図。
【図4】回転子が放射方向最外側へ移動した状態の断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 風車
12 回転子
13 バネ
15 固定子
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is intended for a small and medium-sized wind power generator intended for dissemination to an urban area or a home, in order to suppress a rise in the number of rotations of a windmill in a strong wind to achieve quiet operation, and to reduce wind energy that increases in a strong wind. The present invention relates to means for suppressing rotation of small and medium-sized wind power generators that can be effectively converted to electric energy without performing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, small and medium-sized wind power generators that convert wind energy into electric energy by driving a generator with the rotation of a windmill have been proposed for installation in urban areas and at home, and emit no environmental pollutants at all. It is expected to spread as an energy means to solve the problem of global warming because of its cleanliness and energy saving using inexhaustible natural energy. This small-to-medium-sized wind power generator has a propeller-type wind turbine at the front end of an airplane-shaped main body, and drives the rotor by rotating the wind turbine to generate power. A hybrid type that is used in combination with solar power generation has also been proposed. I have. The whole is small and lightweight, and can be installed as a monument in an urban area, or installed on a veranda or roof of a house using a support rod.
[0003]
In such small and medium-sized wind turbines, the windmill rotates at a high speed during strong winds and generates a loud wind noise. The generation of this noise is regarded as a great barrier to spread to urban areas and homes, and there is a demand for quiet operation. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a means for suppressing rotation of a small-to-medium-sized wind power generator, besides stopping operation in a large wind such as a typhoon, the wind is released by changing the pitch angle in a strong wind of about 10 m / s or more (feathering). Means and recently, the output side current of the generator is intermittently short-circuited instantaneously, and the resistance to the rotation of the rotor is added by the induced back electromotive force generated at this time, so that the number of rotations is suppressed to a certain level or less. Proposed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In such a rotation suppression means, wind energy proportional to the cube of the wind speed is wasted without effectively contributing to power generation, and does not efficiently convert wind energy, which dramatically increases in strong winds, into electric energy.
[0005]
The present invention suppresses an increase in the number of revolutions of a wind turbine during strong winds, thereby reducing the noise and vibration of small and medium-sized wind power generators, and effectively converts wind energy, which increases during strong winds, to electric energy without loss. It is an object of the present invention to provide a possible means for suppressing rotation of a small and medium-sized wind power generator. In addition, small and medium-sized wind turbines can be produced inexpensively and compactly without the need for special control devices and control circuits, capable of autonomously, automatically, and steplessly suppressing the rotation of the wind speed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotation suppressing means.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the rotation suppressing means of the small and medium-sized wind power generator of the present invention arranges the rotor 12 radially with respect to the axial center, makes the rotor movable in the radial direction, and moves the stator 15 to the rotor 12. And radially arranged with respect to the axis. Then, the rotor 12 moves outward in the radial direction in accordance with the increase in the centrifugal force accompanying the increase in the rotation speed, the overlapping distance L between the rotor 12 and the stator 15 is increased, and the rotor is increased by increasing the magnetic field. 12 is suppressed.
[0007]
The rotation suppressing means of the small and medium-sized wind power generator according to the present invention uses a permanent magnet as the rotor 12 and arranges the S pole and the N pole in an alternating relationship to form the generator with a multipole structure. Further, the rotor 12 is held by a spring 13 provided from the shaft center, and the rotor 12 moves radially outward against the spring 13 in response to an increase in centrifugal force.
[0008]
With this configuration, the rotor 12 moves radially outward due to an increase in centrifugal force accompanying an increase in the number of revolutions of the rotor 12, and the overlapping distance L between the rotor 12 and the stator 15 is increased. Thus, the magnetic field is strengthened, the rotational torque required for the rotation of the rotor 12 is increased, and the increase in the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 can be suppressed. Then, the wind energy that is increased during strong winds is effectively converted to electric energy without waste, thereby enabling efficient power generation without loss of wind energy.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
The drawing is an embodiment based on the present invention, and is an example of application to an independent power supply type small and medium-sized wind power generator using a permanent magnet as a field. In the figure, a spline shaft 3 (fixed shaft) is fixed to a shaft center of a wind power generator with a spline nut 4, and a wind turbine 1 is rotatably attached to the spline shaft 3 via a bearing 2. The generator 10 is directly connected to the wind turbine 1 and includes a rotor 12 which is a permanent magnet and a stator 15 which is an armature having a coil wound thereon, and a rotation in which the permanent magnet rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the wind turbine 1. It is a field type generator.
[0010]
The rotor 12 is arranged at a radial position with respect to the axis of the generator 10, and has a multi-pole structure in which S poles and N poles are arranged in an alternating relationship (see FIG. 2). Each rotor 12 is held by a spring 13 provided from an axis and is movable in a radial direction. The stator 15 is fixed to the spline shaft 3, is arranged radially around the axis so as to face the rotor 12, and the rotors 12 are arranged on both sides of the stator 15 with the stator 15 interposed therebetween. The stator 15 is arranged close to the outer peripheral end of the generator 10, and the overlapping distance L between the rotor 12 and the stator 15 decreases from the minimum (L1) to the maximum as the rotor 12 moves in the radial direction. It is configured to be variable in the range of (L3).
[0011]
In the small-sized wind power generator configured as described above, when the wind turbine 1 is stopped (no wind), the rotor 12 is held at the innermost position of the generator 10 by the compression force of the spring 13, and The overlapping distance L1 is the smallest state (the state of FIG. 1).
[0012]
When the wind speed reaches a predetermined value, the wind turbine 1 starts to drive the rotor 12, and the rotor 12 rotates in conjunction with both sides of the stator 15. The centrifugal force acting on the rotor 12 increases with an increase in the rotation speed, and the rotor 12 moves radially outward against the spring 13 by the action of the centrifugal force, and the overlapping distance with the stator 15 decreases. L2 (state in FIG. 3). Further, when the rotational speed increases and the centrifugal force increases, the rotor 12 moves to the outermost in the radial direction, and the overlapping distance with the stator 15 becomes the maximum state of L3 (the state of FIG. 4).
[0013]
In this way, by increasing the overlapping distance L between the rotor 12 and the stator 15, the magnetic field of the generator is strengthened. The increase in the magnetic field increases the rotational torque required for the rotation of the rotor 12, The increase in the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 that drives the motor 12 is suppressed. In addition, since the output of the generator depends on the strength of the magnetic field, the wind energy can be effectively converted to electric energy without waste.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the rotation suppressing means of the small and medium-sized wind power generator of the present invention moves the rotor 12 which is movable in the radial direction outward in the radial direction in accordance with the increase in the centrifugal force accompanying the increase in the rotation speed. , The overlapping distance L with the stator 15 is increased, the magnetic field is strengthened, the rotational torque required for the rotation of the rotor 12 is increased, and the rotation of the rotor 12 is suppressed. The rate of increase in the number of revolutions of the wind turbine can be suppressed to a certain level or less, and the noise and the vibration of the small and medium-sized wind power generator can be reduced. In addition to strengthening the magnetic field in this way to suppress rotation, the output of the generator depends on the strength of the magnetic field, so the wind energy that increases dramatically in strong winds is effectively converted to electric energy without waste. This allows efficient power generation without losing wind energy.
[0015]
Further, since the present invention utilizes the increase in the centrifugal force acting on the rotor 12 with the increase in the rotation speed, the rotation speed of the wind turbine 1 is controlled independently, automatically, and steplessly. It is an object of the present invention to provide a small-sized and small-sized wind power generator rotation suppressing means which can be manufactured inexpensively and compactly without requiring a special control device or control circuit for suppressing the rotation.
[0016]
In addition, by applying the rotation suppressing means of the small and medium-sized wind power generator of the present invention, it is possible to generate power from a weak wind with the overlapping distance being the minimum L1 and to increase the power by increasing the magnetic field most when the overlapping distance is the maximum. It is possible to operate in an extremely wide range of wind speeds from a weak wind to a strong wind, such as being able to take out to the maximum.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a small-sized wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention in a state where a wind turbine is stopped.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of a rotor.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a state where a rotor has moved outward in a radial direction.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a state where a rotor has moved to the outermost side in a radial direction.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Windmill 12 Rotor 13 Spring 15 Stator

Claims (3)

風車1の回転で回転子12を駆動して発電する中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段であって、
回転子12を軸心に対して放射状に配置するとともに、放射方向へ移動可能とし、固定子15を回転子12と対向させて同じく軸心に対して放射状に配置し、回転数の増加に伴う遠心力の増大に応じて回転子12が放射方向外側へ移動し、回転子12と固定子15とのオーバーラッピング距離Lを大きくし、磁場を強めることで回転子12の回転を抑制することを特徴とした中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段。
A rotation suppressing means for a small and medium-sized wind power generator that generates electric power by driving the rotor 12 by rotation of the wind turbine 1,
The rotor 12 is arranged radially with respect to the axis and is movable in the radial direction, and the stator 15 is also arranged radially with respect to the axis in opposition to the rotor 12 to increase the rotational speed. Rotor 12 moves outward in the radial direction in accordance with the increase in centrifugal force, and the overlapping distance L between rotor 12 and stator 15 is increased to suppress the rotation of rotor 12 by increasing the magnetic field. Characterized means for suppressing rotation of small and medium wind turbines.
回転子12が永久磁石であり、S極とN極とを交番関係に配置して多極構造とした請求項1に記載の中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段。The rotation suppressing means for a small and medium-sized wind generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (12) is a permanent magnet, and the S pole and the N pole are arranged in an alternating relationship to form a multi-pole structure. 軸心から設けたバネ13で回転子12を保持した請求項1又は2に記載の中小型風力発電機の回転抑制手段。The means for suppressing rotation of a small and medium-sized wind generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotor (12) is held by a spring (13) provided from an axis.
JP2002335783A 2002-11-19 2002-11-19 Rotation suppressing means for medium- and small-sized wind turbine generator Pending JP2004173404A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100743475B1 (en) 2005-11-25 2007-07-30 유병수 Apparatus for generating power of wind turbine
KR100965601B1 (en) 2008-02-12 2010-06-23 주식회사 효성 Apparatus for power supply of wind power generator
CN103244362A (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-14 吴小杰 Wind power constant-braking permanent-magnet yawing-variable-pitch cycloid reduction gearbox
CN112523954A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-19 诸暨和创电机科技有限公司 Permanent magnet wind driven generator with stepless self-adaptive torque adjustment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100743475B1 (en) 2005-11-25 2007-07-30 유병수 Apparatus for generating power of wind turbine
KR100965601B1 (en) 2008-02-12 2010-06-23 주식회사 효성 Apparatus for power supply of wind power generator
CN103244362A (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-14 吴小杰 Wind power constant-braking permanent-magnet yawing-variable-pitch cycloid reduction gearbox
CN103244362B (en) * 2012-02-09 2015-11-25 陈伟 Wind-powered electricity generation perseverance braking permanent magnetism driftage-pitch cycloid speed reducer
CN112523954A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-19 诸暨和创电机科技有限公司 Permanent magnet wind driven generator with stepless self-adaptive torque adjustment

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