JP2003103427A - Exchanging tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve exchanging efficiency of an exchanging tool in a state of maintaining mechanical strength. SOLUTION: The exchanging tool 1 is provided with a tool body 4 with a shank part 3 detachably gripped by a tool main spindle 10 and coaxially extending from a cutting part 2, and a holder 5 fixed to an outer side of the shank part in a state pierced by the shank part 3. In the exchanging tool 1, the holder 5 is detachably gripped by a tool exchanging chuck 20 exchanging tools with the tool main spindle 10. The exchanging efficiency is improved by providing a positioning part 6 axially positioning the tool exchanging chuck 20 to an outside surface of the holder 5. Since the holder 5 having the positioning part 6 is provided, machining of a positioning groove or the like to the tool body 4 becomes unnecessary and the mechanical strength can be maintained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an exchange tool which is mounted in a replaceable state on a tool spindle of a machine tool for performing machining such as cutting on a workpiece.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a machine tool such as a machining center, a plurality of tools are stored in advance in a tool magazine, and a tool transfer arm is interposed between the tool spindle and the tool spindle of the machine tool. 2. Description of the Related Art Tool exchanging devices for exchanging tools by extracting the tools and transferring them to a tool magazine to return them, while transferring and mounting desired tools from the tool magazine to the tool spindle are well known.

On the other hand, it is necessary to prepare various kinds of tools in the tool magazine according to the difference in the working conditions of the machine tool for the work. For this reason, in order to mount these various tools in a mounting hole of a constant size standard provided in the tool spindle of a machine tool and to store various tools in the tool magazine of the tool changer, It uses a tool socket that has a tapered shank shape. And
By mounting a tool in this tool socket and using the tapered shank-shaped shaft part of the tool socket as the gripped part of the transfer arm, the tool magazine and the tool spindle of the machine tool are integrated for each tool socket. Tools are exchanged and exchanged between them. However, when such a tool socket is used, it is necessary to match the transfer arm, the tool magazine, and the mounting portion of the tool spindle with the tapered shank shape of the tool socket, which causes a problem that the structure is complicated and the cost is high. , A structure for changing tools without using a tool socket has been developed.

A conventional technique for exchanging tools without using a tool socket is described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-277867. 25 and 26 show a tool changing device 110 described in this publication.

The tool 120 is a cutting blade portion 122 for machining a workpiece, a spindle mounting portion 123 mounted on the tool spindle 108 of a machine tool, and a tool magazine 112 located in the middle thereof. The intermediate shaft portion 123 is coaxially provided. That is,
The tool 120 has a spindle mounting portion 124 and an intermediate shaft portion 123.
The tool spindle 108 and the tool magazine 112 are exchanged between the tool spindle 108 and the tool magazine 112.

As shown in FIG. 25, the tool magazine 112.
Has holder fingers 116 protruding from the upper surface of the pedestal 115, and gripping fingers 116a, 1
16b is bifurcated, and these gripping fingers 116 are
A tool transfer port 117 for gripping the intermediate portion 123 of the tool 120 is provided between a and 116b. Grasping finger 116a,
116b is elastically biased toward the closing side. Further, on one side of the holder finger 116, a positioning plate 119 for positioning the tool 120 gripped by the tool transfer port 117 in the axial direction is provided.

On the other hand, the intermediate shaft 123 of the tool 120 has
The positioning groove 125 is provided around the cutting blade 122 in a concave shape. The positioning groove 125 allows the tool 120 to be held by the holder finger 11.
When the tool 6 is gripped and stored in the tool magazine 112, the positioning plate 119 is engaged to position the tool 120 in the axial direction.

The replacement of the tool 120 by the tool changing device 110 is performed as follows. First, the tool spindle 108 is positioned at the tool replacement position on the spindle mounting portion 124 side of the tool 120 to be used. Next, the tool spindle 108 is moved in the direction opposite to the arrow Z, and the spindle mounting portion 124 of the tool 120 is mounted in the tool mounting hole 108a of the tool spindle 108. After that, the tool spindle 108 is moved in the arrow Y direction,
The tool 120 is taken out of the tool magazine 112 and replaced. On the other hand, when the tool 120 on the tool spindle 108 side is returned to the tool magazine 112, the tool 120 mounted on the tool spindle 108 is positioned above the tool transfer port 117 of the holder finger 116, and the tool spindle 108 is opposite to the arrow Y. After the tool 120 is gripped by the holder finger 116 by moving in the direction of
Move the tool spindle 108 in the direction of the arrow Z to attach the mounting hole 108a.
The mounting of the tool 102 by is cancelled.

[0009]

However, in the tool exchanging device 110 of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-277867, axial positioning is performed with respect to the holder finger 116 and the positional relationship of the tool 120 with respect to the tool spindle 108 in the axial direction. It is necessary to provide a positioning groove 125 around the intermediate shaft portion 123 of the tool 120 so as to keep the position constant. Such a positioning groove 1
In order to form 25 into the tool 120, it is necessary to perform additional machining of a deep groove on a commercially available tool, which is a special tool, and there is a problem of cost increase.

Further, since the positioning groove 125 is formed in the tool 120 on the outer periphery of the intermediate shaft portion 123, the tool 120 is partially thinned and the strength is reduced. Therefore, the tool 120
When a force in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the
There is a risk that stress concentration occurs in the 25th portion and the tool 120 is broken.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, has a sufficient strength and can be repeatedly used, and has a large groove or the like in a commercially available tool. An object is to provide a replacement tool that does not require additional machining of the shape.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, the exchange tool according to the invention of claim 1 has a tool body in which a shank portion detachably gripped by a tool spindle extends coaxially from a blade portion. A replacement tool in which the holder is fixed to the outside of the shank portion with the shank portion penetrating therethrough, and the holder is detachably gripped by a tool exchange chuck that delivers the tool to and from the tool spindle. A positioning portion for performing positioning with respect to the tool change chuck is provided on the outer surface of the holder.

The invention according to claim 2 is the replacement tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is a ring-shaped projection formed on the outer peripheral surface of the holder along the circumferential direction so as to project. And

A third aspect of the present invention is the replacement tool according to the first aspect, wherein the positioning portion is a ring-shaped groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the holder along the circumferential direction.

In the inventions of claims 1 to 3 described above, since the tool exchange chuck holds the holder fixed to the outside of the shank portion, it is not necessary to additionally make a positioning groove in the tool body, and the strength of the tool body is secured. It can be used repeatedly, and can be made economically excellent.

Further, since the positioning portion for axially positioning is provided on the outer surface of the holder, the positional relationship in the axial direction when exchanging tools can be kept constant, and efficient exchanging is performed. be able to.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tool main body in which a shank portion detachably gripped by a tool spindle extends coaxially from a blade portion, and an outer side of the shank portion with the shank portion penetrating therethrough. And a holder fixed to the tool exchange shaft, which is a replacement tool in which the holder is detachably gripped by a tool exchange chuck for transferring the tool to and from the tool spindle, the positioning in the axial direction and the radial direction with respect to the tool exchange chuck. It is characterized in that a positioning portion for performing is provided on the outer surface of the holder.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the exchange tool according to the first or fourth aspect, wherein the positioning portion is a concave portion that is recessed in a radial direction from an outer surface of the holder.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is the replacement tool according to the first or fourth aspect, wherein the positioning portion is a notch portion formed on the outer surface of the holder along a direction intersecting the radial direction. Is characterized by.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the replacement tool according to the first or fourth aspect, the outer shape of the holder is formed into a non-circular shape so that the outer shape of the holder serves as the positioning portion. Characterize.

An eighth aspect of the invention is the replacement tool according to the first or fourth aspect, wherein the positioning portion is at least one pin-shaped projection protruding radially from the outer surface of the holder. .

A ninth aspect of the present invention is the replacement tool according to the first or fourth aspect, wherein the positioning portion is a partial ring-shaped projection that partially projects in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the holder. Is characterized by.

According to the inventions of claims 4 to 9 above, claim 1
As in the inventions of 3 to 3, since the tool exchange chuck grips the holder fixed to the outside of the shank portion, it is not necessary to additionally perform a positioning groove in the tool body, and the strength of the tool body can be secured, and the repetition is repeated. It can be used and can be made highly economical.

Further, since the positioning portion for positioning in the axial direction and the radial direction is provided on the outer surface of the holder, the positional relationship in the axial direction and the radial direction can be kept constant when the tool is changed, Efficient exchange can be performed. In particular, since the positioning portion performs positioning not only in the axial direction but also in the radial direction, there is no positional deviation with respect to the tool spindle when gripped by the tool spindle, and processing on a workpiece can be performed with good precision.

According to a tenth aspect of the replacement tool of the present invention, there is provided a tool main body in which a shank portion detachably gripped by the tool spindle extends coaxially from the blade portion, and a mounting recess formed in the shank portion. A positioning part that is mounted in the mounting recess so as to project from the outer periphery of the shank part and that engages with a tool exchange chuck that delivers a tool to and from the tool spindle to position the tool body with respect to the tool exchange chuck. It is characterized by having and.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the positioning portion mounted in the mounting concave portion positions the tool exchange chuck, the positional relationship when exchanging tools can always be kept constant, and efficient exchange is possible. It can be performed.

Further, since the positioning portion has a mounting recess formed in the shank and is mounted through the mounting recess, it is necessary to form a positioning groove such as a peripheral groove which affects the strength in the shank portion. Disappears. Therefore, the strength of the tool body can be ensured and the tool can be repeatedly used.

[0028]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. In the respective embodiments, the same members are designated by the same reference numerals and correspond to each other.

(Embodiment 1) FIGS. 1 and 2 show Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which FIG.
Indicates a replacement state.

The exchange tool 1 includes a tool main body 4 including a blade portion 2 for machining a workpiece and a shank portion 3 extending coaxially with the blade portion 2, and a holder fixed outside the shank portion 3. 5 and. The shank portion 3 of the tool main body 4 has a larger diameter than the blade portion 2, the blade holding portion 3a for fixing the holder 5 on the blade portion 2 side, and the tool spindle for holding the upper portion of the holder holding portion 3a on the tool spindle 10. It is a holding portion 3b.

The holder 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an inner peripheral portion, which fits to the outer periphery of the holder holding portion 3a of the shank portion 3 at the center thereof, penetrates in the vertical direction. Then, the holder 5 is mounted on the outer side of the holder holding portion 3a by fixing the outer circumference of the holder holding portion 3a to the inner peripheral portion thereof by means of press fitting, shrink fitting, adhesion or the like. The coaxiality between the outer diameter of the cylindrical holder 5 and the outer diameter of the tool body 4 is set within a range of about 0.01 mm in order to prevent vibration during rotation of the exchange tool 1. The holder 5 can be detached from the tool body 4 in consideration of the case where the tool body 4 is damaged, and thus can be diverted to another tool body.

On the outer circumference of the holder 5, a ring-shaped projection 6 as a positioning portion is integrally formed. The ring-shaped projection 6 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the holder 5 along the circumferential direction by V
It has a projecting shape, which results in a ring-shaped projection 6
Are formed over the entire circumference of the holder 5.

As shown in FIG. 2, the exchange tool 1 has a holder 5
It is gripped by the tool change chuck 20 via the. A grip claw 21 is provided on the tip side of the tool exchange chuck 20 so as to be openable and closable. Inside the grip claw 21, the grip portion 2 having substantially the same shape as the outer circumference of the cylindrical holder 5, that is, the substantially same shape as the outer peripheral surface of the holder 5 including the V-shaped ring-shaped projections 6.
2 is formed. Therefore, the grip portion 22 is formed with a ring-shaped recess 23 having a shape corresponding to the ring-shaped projection 6 and gripping the ring-shaped projection 6.

In the tool exchanging chuck 20 as described above, the grasping portion 22 is closed so that the grasping portion 22 is held by the holder 5.
Hold the outer peripheral surface of. At this time, the ring-shaped recess 23 of the grip claw 21 grips the ring-shaped projection 6 of the holder 5, so that the tool replacement chuck 1 is gripped by the tool replacement chuck 20 while being axially positioned. In this gripping state, the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the shank portion 3 is in a state of protruding from the tip of the tool exchange chuck 20.

On the other hand, the tool spindle 10 is provided therein with a well-known collet chuck type or pull rod type tool gripping and disengaging means for the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1. It operates so that the exchange tool 1 is gripped and released. In this embodiment, a force along the axial direction A is applied to the collet chuck 11 provided on the tool spindle 10, so that the inner diameter portion 11a of the collet chuck 11 is changed.
It is possible to grip the tool spindle holding portion 3a, and the grip of the replacement tool 1 is released by applying a force along the axial direction B to the collet chuck 11. Further, the tool spindle 10 is held on the spindle head by a bearing 12 so that the tool spindle 10 is rotatable about its axis.

In this embodiment, when the exchange tool 1 is attached to the tool spindle 10, the collet chuck 1
By applying a force to A in the axial direction B, the inner diameter portion 11a is opened so as to be at least larger than the outer diameter of the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1. .

On the other hand, the holder 6 is held by the holding claws 21 at the tip of the tool change chuck 20. At this time, with the ring-shaped projection 6 of the holder and the ring-shaped recess 23 of the gripping claw 21 aligned with each other, the gripping claw 21 is closed to position the replacement tool 1 in the axially positioned state. Let the 20 grip.

Then, the shaft center of the tool spindle 10 and the exchange tool 1
After matching the shaft center of the tool exchange chuck 20, the tool exchange chuck 20 is moved in the direction of arrow C to insert the tool spindle holding portion 3b into the inner diameter portion 11a of the collet chuck 11. After this insertion
A force is applied to the collet chuck 11 in the axial direction A, and the outer peripheral surface of the tool spindle holding portion 3b is clamped by its inner diameter portion 11,
Hold the exchange tool 1.

On the other hand, when the exchange tool 1 is removed from the tool spindle 9 and transferred to the tool exchange chuck 20, the holder 5 is grasped by the grasping claws 21 of the tool exchange chuck 20.
At this time, the ring-shaped recess 23 of the grip claw 21 and the ring-shaped projection 6 of the holder 5 are aligned and the grip claw 21 is closed, so that the ring-shaped projection 6 is gripped by the ring-shaped recess 23. As a result, the exchange tool 1 is gripped by the tool exchange chuck 20 while being axially positioned.

Then, in this state of gripping, a force is applied to the collet chuck 11 in the axial direction B to open the inner diameter portion 11a, and the gripping of the exchange tool 1 by the collet chuck 11 is released. After that, while maintaining the open diameter state of the collet chuck 11, the tool change chuck 2
0 is moved in the direction opposite to the arrow C, and the exchange tool 1 is removed from the tool spindle 10. Further, the collet chuck 10
Is applied in the axial direction A to close the inner diameter portion 11.

In this embodiment, since the holder 5 is held by the holding claws 21 of the tool change chuck 20,
There is no need to additionally process a positioning groove for the replacement tool 1, the mechanical strength of the replacement tool 1 can be secured, and damage is reduced, so repeated use is possible.

Further, since the V-shaped ring-shaped projection 6 of the holder 5 is engaged with the grasping claw 21 of the tool exchanging chuck 20 to grasp, the positional relationship between the exchanging tool 1 and the tool exchanging chuck 20 in the axial direction is always maintained. Can be kept constant. Therefore, the replacement tool 1 can be mounted and dismounted with high accuracy on the tool spindle 10.

Even if the tool 1 is replaced or damaged,
By removing the holder 5, the holder 5 can be repeatedly used, which is economical.

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the ring-shaped projection 6 of the holder 5. The ring-shaped projection 6 may be any one that positions the exchange tool 1 in the axial direction with respect to the tool exchange chuck 20, and as shown in FIG. ), A ring-shaped projection 6 having a wedge-shaped cross-section, a ring-shaped projection 6 having a U-shaped cross-section as shown in (c), and other shapes. In addition, in (c), the width L1 of the ring-shaped projection 6
Can be changed within the width L2 of the holder 5,
1 and L2 may be equivalent. In these modified modes, the gripping claw 2 of the tool change chuck 20 is used.
The ring-shaped recess 23 in 1 is molded into a shape corresponding to the ring-shaped projection 6.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Also in the exchange tool 1 of this embodiment, a tool main body 4 including a blade portion 2 for performing machining such as cutting on a workpiece and a shank portion 3 extending coaxially with the blade portion 2, and provided outside the shank portion 3. The holder 5 is provided. The holder 5 is integrally formed with the tool main body 4 by cutting out the same material, but is separate from the tool main body 4 as in the first embodiment, and is press-fitted into the shank portion 3 of the tool main body 4.
You may fix by shrink fitting, adhesion, etc.

The holder 5 has a cylindrical outer shape, and a ring-shaped groove 7 as a positioning portion is integrally formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. The ring-shaped groove 7 is formed in a V shape on the outer peripheral surface of the holder 5 along the circumferential direction and is recessed, and is formed over the entire circumference of the holder 5.

The replacement tool 1 in this embodiment is replaced by the tool replacement chuck 20 as in the first embodiment. In this case, the exchange tool 1 is axially positioned by providing a V-shaped convex portion (not shown) corresponding to the V-shaped ring-shaped groove 7 on the inner peripheral surface of the grip claw 21 of the tool exchange chuck 20. It is to be gripped in the opened state. In addition, it is not limited to this.
Alternatively, the transfer arm (not shown) of the TC device may be used to grip the ring-shaped groove 7 of the holder 5 and remove it from the tool magazine. Also in this case, a V-shaped convex portion corresponding to the V-shaped ring-shaped groove 7 is provided in the grip portion of the transfer arm to position the exchange tool 1 in the axial direction.

Also in this embodiment, since the holder 5 is gripped, the replacement tool 1 is gripped.
There is no need to perform additional machining of the positioning groove for the replacement tool 1, the mechanical strength of the replacement tool 1 can be secured, damage can be suppressed, and repeated use can be achieved.

Further, the V-shaped ring-shaped groove 7 of the holder 5
Since the replacement tool 1 is positioned in the axial direction, the positional relationship of the replacement tool 1 in the axial direction can always be kept constant, and the replacement tool 1 can be mounted and dismounted from the tool spindle with high accuracy.

In this embodiment, the ring-shaped groove 7 of the holder 5 may be U-shaped as shown in FIG. 5 (a). Further, as the tool body 4, as shown in FIG. 5B, the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the shank portion 3 may be tapered in the axial direction.

(Third Embodiment) FIGS. 6 to 8 show a third embodiment of the present invention. Also in the exchange tool 1 of this embodiment, the tool body 4 is formed by the blade portion 2 and the shank portion 3 coaxial with the blade portion 2, and the holder holding portion 3a of the shank portion 3 is press-fitted and shrink-fitted. The holder 5 is fixed to the outside of the holder holding portion 3a by being bonded or the like.

The holder 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape and has a pin hole 8 as a recess for positioning. The pin hole 8 is formed in a direction from the outer surface of the holder 5 toward the axial center thereof, so that the pin hole 8 is formed in the holder 5 along the radial direction.

As shown in FIG. 7, the positioning pin 24 formed on the grip claw 21 of the tool change chuck 20 is inserted into the pin hole 8 of the holder 5. With this insertion,
The exchange tool 1 is held by the tool exchange chuck 20 while being positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction. It should be noted that instead of the positioning pin 24, a spring plunger or the like is used for gripping the claw 21.
Alternatively, the replacement tool 1 may be positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction.

The tool change chuck 20 is provided with a transfer arm 25 as shown in FIG. Transport arm 25
Can be moved up and down between the chain line position and the solid line position, and the upward movement conveys the exchange tool 1 to the tool spindle 10. Further, the inside of the grip claw 21 of the tool change chuck 20 is a grip portion 22 for gripping the cylindrical holder 5, and the above-described positioning pin 24 projects radially from the inner surface of the grip portion 22. .

In this embodiment, the gripper 22 of the tool change chuck 20 holds the outer peripheral surface of the holder 5 by closing the gripper 21. When pinching, the positioning pin 24 on the inner surface of the grip claw 21 is inserted into the pin hole 8 of the holder 5. By this insertion, the exchange tool 1 is positioned in the axial direction as well as in the radial direction. In this state, the tool exchanging chuck 20 is moved upward to move the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the shank portion 3 to the tool spindle 10.
The collet chuck 11 is inserted into the collet chuck 11 and the collet chuck 11 is closed by applying force to the collet chuck 11 in the axial direction A in this inserted state.
To hold.

In gripping with the tool spindle 10, the positioning pin 24 of the tool exchanging chuck 20 is inserted into the pin hole 8 of the holder 5 to position the exchanging tool 1 axially and radially on the tool exchanging chuck 20 side. Since the replacement tool 1 is positioned not only in the axial direction but also in the radial direction, the tool spindle 10
Is gripped by. Therefore, the replacement tool 1 can be replaced while maintaining a constant positional relationship in the axial direction and the radial direction, and the work piece can be processed with high accuracy.
Further, also in this embodiment, the tool change chuck 2
Since 0 holds the holder 5 to position the replacement tool 1, it is not necessary to additionally perform a positioning groove or the like on the tool body 4. Therefore, the strength of the tool body 4 can be ensured and can be repeatedly used. Furthermore, even if the tool body 4 is damaged, the holder 5 can be reused,
It is economical.

FIG. 8 shows a modified embodiment in which this embodiment is applied to the collet chuck 13 of the tool spindle 10 that does not rotate. FIG. 8 is a turning center equipped with a collet chuck type or pull rod type tool gripping / disengaging means, and a mechanism equivalent to the mechanism for gripping / releasing the replacement tool 1 by operating the tool gripping / releasing means. Indicates. The exchange tool 1 includes a round shaft-shaped boring bar 9 having a tip 9a attached to its tip. The collet chuck 13 has no rotation mechanism, and the replacement tool 1 does not rotate during processing.

Also in this embodiment, the pin hole 8 is formed in the holder 5.
Is formed in the radial direction, and the tool exchange chuck 20 is provided with the positioning pin 24 to be inserted into the pin hole 8 to position the exchange tool 1 in the axial direction and the radial direction. Therefore, the tool spindle 10 is displaced in the radial direction. It is possible to grip the replacement tool 1 which does not occur. Therefore, the chip 9a can be accurately aligned with the processing position of the workpiece.

9 and 10 show modifications of the third embodiment, respectively.

In the exchange tool 1 of FIG. 9, a key groove 31 as a notch for positioning is formed in the holder 5. The key groove 31 extends along the vertical direction on the outer surface of the holder, whereby the key groove 31 is formed in a direction intersecting the radial direction of the holder 5 (replacement tool 1). On the other hand, although not shown, the grip claw 21 of the tool change chuck 20 is formed with a key that fits into the key groove 31.
By fitting the key into the key groove 31, the tool exchange chuck 20 can grip the exchange tool 1 in a state where the exchange tool 1 is axially and radially positioned.

In the exchange tool 1 of FIG. 10, a flat surface portion 32 as a cutout portion is formed on the outer surface of the holder 5 by subjecting the holder 5 having a cylindrical outer shape to a flat surface cutting process. On the other hand, although not shown, the inner surface of the grip claw 21 of the tool change chuck 20 has a shape corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the holder including the flat surface portion 32. Therefore, the gripping claw 21 grips the holder from the outer surface, so that the replacement tool 1 is gripped by the tool replacement chuck 20 while being positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction.

Also in the above-mentioned forms of FIGS. 9 and 10,
Since the tool exchanging chuck 20 grips the exchanging tool 1 in a state where the exchanging tool 1 is positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction, the exchanging tool 1 can be exchanged while maintaining a constant positional relationship in the axial direction and the radial direction. The workpiece can be machined with high accuracy, and the tool exchanging chuck 20 holds the holder 5 to position the exchanging tool 1. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform additional machining on the tool body 4 such as a positioning groove. The strength of the tool body 4 can be ensured, and the tool body 4 can be repeatedly used.

(Fourth Embodiment) FIGS. 11 and 12 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Also in the exchange tool 1 of this embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment, the tool body 4 is formed by the blade portion 2 and the shank portion 3 coaxial with the blade portion 2, and the holder of the shank portion 3 is held. The holder 5 is fixed to the outside of the holder holding portion 3a by press-fitting, shrink fitting, adhering the portion 3a, or the like. The holder 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and has a pin hole 8 as a recess for positioning. The pin hole 8 is a circular hole and is formed in the radial direction from the outer surface of the holder 5 toward the axis thereof.

As shown in FIG. 11, the robot hand 35
Is used as a tool change chuck. The robot hand 35 can move back and forth in the direction of the tool spindle by a drive mechanism (not shown). Further, the robot hand 35 is provided with a pair of hand claws 37 that are opened and closed about the hinge shaft 36. The hand claw 37 holds the holder 5 of the replacement tool 1 by closing the hand claw 37.

On the inner surface of the one hand claw 37, a positioning pin 38 which is fitted into the pin hole 8 of the holder 5 is fitted.
Are formed in a protruding shape. In this way positioning pin 3
When the robot hand 33 is fitted in the pin hole 8 of the holder 5, the robot hand 33 holds the replacement tool 1 in a state of being axially and radially positioned similarly to the tool replacement chuck 21 of the third embodiment.

In this embodiment, when the tool is replaced, the robot hand 33 moves to a position where it holds the holder 5. At that time, the exchange tool 1 or the robot hand 33
Is rotated and the positioning pin 38 provided on the hand claw 37 is fitted into the pin hole 8 of the holder 5,
7 holds the holder 5. As a result, the rotation direction (radial direction) of the exchange tool 1 is fixed, and the exchange tool 1 is gripped by the tool spindle 10 in this state.

In this embodiment, the positioning tool 38 of the robot hand 33 is fitted into the pin hole 8 of the holder 5 so that the replacement tool 1 is restrained in the rotational direction and the axial direction and is gripped by the tool spindle 10. To be done. Therefore, the exchange tool 1 can be exchanged while maintaining a constant positional relationship in the axial direction and the radial direction. Also, robot hand 3
Since 5 holds the holder 5 to position the replacement tool 1, it is not necessary to additionally process a positioning groove or the like in the tool body 4, the strength of the tool body 4 can be secured, and repeated use can be performed. .

As the pin hole 8 of the holder 5, the positioning tool 38 of the robot hand 33 may be fitted to restrain the exchange tool 1 in the axial direction and the radial direction (rotational direction), as shown in FIG. You may change to a square hole like this. Further, a plurality of pin holes 8 may be formed in the holder.

14 and 15 show modifications of the fourth embodiment. In this form, the tapered flat surface portion 39 that is inclined in one direction is formed in the holder 5 by cutting out in a diagonal flat surface shape. In this case, the flat surface portion 39 is inclined from the upper surface to the lower surface of the holder 5 so as to face the inside of the holder 5.

In the figure, reference numeral 41 is a tool storage rack for storing a plurality of replacement tools 1. The tool storage rack 41 is the same member as the tool replacement chuck 21 and the robot hand in the first to third embodiments in that the replacement tool 1 is set in a positioned state as described later.

On the tool storage rack 41, blade holes 42 through which the blade 2 of the exchange tool 1 penetrates are formed in an array. When the blade portion 2 of the exchange tool 1 is inserted through the blade hole 42, the holder 5 is brought into contact with the upper surface of the tool storage rack 41, whereby the exchange tool 1 stores the tool in the axially positioned state. It is set on the rack 41.

At the positions close to the respective blade holes 42,
The positioning plate 43 is arranged upright. The slope 43a on the blade hole 42 side of each positioning plate 43 is
It is a tapered surface corresponding to the tapered flat surface portion 39 of the holder 5. Therefore, the flat surface portion 39 of the holder 5 comes into contact with the inclined surface 43a of the positioning plate 43, whereby
Is constrained in the direction of rotation so that it is positioned radially.

In this embodiment, the exchange tool 1 is moved onto the tool storage rack 41 by the tool spindle and stored in the tool storage rack 41. During this storage, the holder 5
The flat portion 39 formed on
Since it slides while coming into contact with, the exchange tool 1 rotates to perform positioning. As a result, the replacement tool 1 is stored in the tool storage rack 41 in a state where the rotation direction is correctly indexed. Therefore, after that, when the tool spindle holds the replacement tool 1, since the rotation direction is determined, the replacement tool 1 can always be held in a fixed positional relationship.

The flat surface portion 39 of the holder 5 may be any one that positions the rotation direction (radial direction) of the replacement tool 1 with respect to the tool storage rack 41. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, it may be a rectangular groove or the like.
Further, a plurality of flat portions 39, triangular grooves 44, etc. may be formed on the holder 5.

17 and 18 show another modification of the fourth embodiment. In this form, the holder 5 of the exchange tool 1 is formed in a triangular outer shape. With such a triangular shape, by recognizing the holder 5, the rotational position of the exchange tool 1 in the rotational direction can be known, and based on this, the rotational position of the tool spindle can be known.

In the figure, reference numeral 46 denotes a photographing device provided in the machine tool, which is connected to the image analysis device 47. The image capturing device 46 captures an image of the holder 5 of the exchange tool 1 held by the tool spindle and sends the data to the image analysis device 47, so that the image analysis device 47 recognizes the rotational position of the exchange tool 1 by image analysis. To do. Then, the positioning indexing of the exchange tool 1 is performed based on the obtained analysis data. As a result, the positioned exchange tool 1 can be exchanged.

In this embodiment, the outer shape of the holder 5 may be any shape that allows image analysis, such as polygonal shape, elliptic shape,
Any non-circular shape can be selected, including an oval shape. For example, the holder 5 may be hexagonal as shown in FIG.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIGS. 19 and 20 show a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the holder 5 is fixed to the outer surface of the holder holding part 3a by press-fitting, shrink fitting, adhering, etc. the holder holding part 3a of the shank part 3. The holder 5 has a cylindrical shape,
A plurality of (two) pin-shaped projections 51 as positioning portions are radially arranged from the center of the holder 5 on the outer surface thereof. Each pin-shaped projection 51 projects radially with respect to the holder 5.

The outer diameter of the cylindrical holder 5 and the tool body 4
The coaxiality with the outer diameter is set to a range of about 0.01 mm or less in order to prevent vibration during rotation of the exchange tool 1. The holder 5 can be detached from the tool body 4 in consideration of the case where the tool body 4 is damaged, and thus can be diverted to another tool body.

The exchange tool 1 is held by the holder 5 and the tool exchange chuck 10. A grip claw 21 having a grip portion 22 having substantially the same shape as the outer circumference of the holder 5 inside is provided on the tip end side of the tool exchange chuck 10 so as to be openable and closable. The surface is clamped, and the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1 is attached to the tool exchange chuck 20.
It can be grasped while protruding from the tip of.

The grip claw 21 has a positioning groove 52 having a size large enough to be covered with a pin-shaped projection 51 and a clearance spring.
It is formed from 2 toward the inside. Positioning groove 52
Are provided at the same height position as the number of pin-shaped projections 51 or more, and the pin-shaped projections 5 are inserted into any of the positioning grooves 52.
1 is easy to insert. That is, when the holder 5 is gripped by the grip claws 21, the position of the pin-shaped projection 51 and the position of the positioning groove 52 of the grip claws 21 are matched with each other in the axial direction A and the radial direction D. There is.

As in the first embodiment, the tool spindle 10 on which the replacement tool 1 is mounted is equipped with a collet chuck type or pull rod type tool gripping / disengaging means. The gripping and releasing means is activated. That is, as shown in FIG. 20, the tool spindle 1
It is possible to grip the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1 by the inner diameter portion 11a of the collet chuck 10 by applying a force to the collet chuck 11 provided for 0 in the axial direction B. The grip of the exchange tool 1 can be released by applying a force to.

When the tool 1 is attached to the tool spindle 10, first, a force is applied to the collet chuck 11 in the axial direction A to open the inner diameter portion 11a of the collet chuck 11,
It is at least larger than the outer diameter of the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1.

On the other hand, the holder 5 is held by the holding claws 21 of the tool change chuck 20. At this time, the pin-shaped projection 5
1 and the position of the positioning groove 528 of the grip claw 21 in the axial direction A
And the grip claw 21 is moved in the closing direction to insert the pin-shaped projection 51 into the positioning groove 52, and the grip portion 22 of the grip claw 21 clamps the outer peripheral surface of the holder 5. As a result, the exchange tool 1 can be reliably gripped while being positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction with respect to the tool exchange chuck 20.

In this manner, the tool spindle 10 is moved in the axial direction A while the exchange tool 1 is held by the tool exchange chuck 20, and the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1 is inserted into the collet chuck 11. Then, a force is applied to the collet chuck 11 in the axial direction A to hold the outer peripheral surface of the tool spindle holding portion 3b by the collet chuck 11 and grip the replacement tool 1.

When the replacement tool 1 is removed from the tool spindle 10 and transferred to the tool replacement chuck 20, the holder 5 of the replacement tool 1 is gripped by the grip claws 21 of the tool replacement chuck 5. At this time, the positions of the pin-shaped projection 51 and the positioning groove 52 of the grip claw 21 are aligned with the axial direction A and the radial direction D, and the grip claw 21 is moved in the closing direction to insert the pin-shaped projection 51 into the positioning groove 52. While holding the outer peripheral surface of the holder 5 by the grip claws 217, the holder 5 is gripped. Thereby, the exchange tool 1 is positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction.

In the gripped state, the collet chuck 11 is opened by applying a force in the axial direction A to release the grip of the holder 5 by the collet chuck 11. Then, while maintaining the open state of the collet chuck 11, the tool spindle 109 is moved in the axial direction B to remove the tool spindle holding portion 3b of the exchange tool 1 from the collet chuck 11.
Then, a force is applied to the collet chuck 11 in the axial direction B to close the diameter of the collet chuck 11.

In this embodiment, the holder 5 is attached to the exchange tool 1, and the holder 5 is attached to the tool exchange chuck 20.
Since it is gripped with, it is not necessary to process the positioning groove in a commercially available tool, and the mechanical strength of the replacement tool 1 can be secured. In addition, the tool exchange chuck 20 side is the exchange tool 1
Since the positioning is performed in the axial direction and the radial direction, the exchange tool 1 is gripped by the tool spindle 10 not only in the axial positioning but also in the radial direction. Therefore, the exchange tool 1 can be exchanged while maintaining a constant positional relationship in the axial direction and the radial direction.

FIG. 21 shows a mode in which a partial ring-shaped projection 54 is provided on the cylindrical holder 5 instead of the pin-shaped projection 51. The partial ring-shaped protrusions 54 are provided so as to cover more than half of the outer circumference of the holder 5 at the same height position. On the other hand, a positioning groove having a size that covers the partial ring-shaped projection 54 with a clearance spring is formed on the entire circumference of the grip portion 22 of the grip claw 21 of the tool change chuck 20. In such a structure, the positioning groove of the tool exchange chuck 20 fits with the partial ring-shaped projection 54, so that the exchange tool 1
Is positioned in the axial direction and the radial direction and is gripped by the tool change chuck 20.
Can act similarly to.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIGS. 22 and 23 show a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 22 shows a replacement tool 61 of this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 22A, the exchange tool 61 includes a blade portion 62 for cutting a workpiece and a blade portion 62.
And a shank portion 63 that is coaxially extended therewith are integrally formed. As shown in FIG. 23, the shank portion 63 has a tool spindle holding portion 63 b whose upper portion is gripped by the collet chuck 11 of the tool spindle 10, and a continuous portion located between the tool spindle holding portion 63 and the blade portion 62. And 63a. A mounting groove 64 as a mounting recess is formed in the continuous portion 63b of the shank portion 63.

Since the mounting groove 64 is formed so as to be recessed from the outer shape of the shank portion 63, it has a smaller diameter than the shank portion 63. The groove width thereof is substantially the same as the plate width of a plate-shaped positioning ring 65 described later. A positioning ring 65 as a positioning portion is mounted in the mounting groove 64 as shown in FIG. As the positioning ring 65, a C-ring, an E-ring or other thin metal ring can be used.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the holder 5 as in the first to fifth embodiments is not used, and the tool change chuck 20 has the shank portion 63 with which the holder 6 is connected.
3a is directly gripped. That is, as shown in FIG. 23, the grip claw 21 provided on the tool change chuck 20 so as to be openable and closable has an inner diameter such that the grip portion 22 on the inner surface thereof grips the continuous portion 63a. Further, the positioning groove 6 into which the positioning ring 65 is fitted in the grip portion 22.
7 is formed.

In this embodiment, the tool exchanging chuck 20 closes the grasping claws 21 to change the exchanging tool 61.
To hold. At this time, the positioning ring 65 of the replacement tool 61 is fitted into the positioning groove 67 of the grip claw 21. By this fitting, the exchange tool 61 is accurately held in the axial direction about the positioning ring 65. In this state, after aligning the axis of the tool spindle 10 with the axis of the exchange tool 61,
The tool change chuck 20 is moved upward to move the shank portion 6
The tool spindle holding portion 63b of No. 3 is inserted into the collet chuck 11, and the collet chuck 11 is closed. This allows
The exchange tool 61 is gripped by the tool spindle 10. After that, the grip claws 21 are opened and the tool exchange chuck 20 is retracted.

In such an embodiment, the exchange tool 61
Since the positioning ring 65 is attached to and the positioning ring 65 performs axial positioning with respect to the tool exchange chuck 21, the positional relationship during the tool exchange can always be made constant, and efficient exchange can be performed. .
Further, in this embodiment, the positioning ring 65 for performing the above-described positioning has the mounting groove 6 formed in the shank portion 63.
Since it is mounted through the shank 4, it is not necessary to form a positioning groove such as a circumferential groove having a large width which affects the strength in the shank portion 63. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the replacement tool 61 can be secured, and the replacement tool 61 can be repeatedly used.

FIG. 24 shows a modification of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 24A, a mounting hole 68 is formed in the shank 63 on the blade portion 62 side continuous portion 63a. The mounting hole 68 is formed so as to penetrate the shank portion 63 in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction.

A positioning rod 69 is attached to the attachment hole 68 as shown in (b). Positioning rod 6
9 has a length larger than the diameter of the shank portion 63, and by passing through the mounting hole 68, the shank portion 6
3 protrudes in a direction (radial direction) orthogonal to the axial direction of 3.
As a result, the positioning rod 69 moves the tool change chuck 2
The replacement tool 63 is axially positioned with respect to zero.

Therefore, also in this embodiment, the positional relationship at the time of exchanging tools can be made constant at all times. Further, since it is not necessary to form a positioning groove such as a circumferential groove having a large width that affects the strength in the shank portion 63 for performing the positioning, it is possible to secure the mechanical strength of the replacement tool 61. It can be used repeatedly.

[0099]

According to the invention of claims 1 to 3, since the tool change chuck holds the holder fixed to the outside of the shank portion, there is no need to additionally machine a positioning groove in the tool body, and the strength of the tool body is improved. Can be secured and can be used repeatedly. In addition, since the positioning portion that performs axial positioning is provided on the outer surface of the holder, the positional relationship in the axial direction during tool replacement can always be kept constant, and efficient replacement is possible.

According to the inventions of claims 4 to 9, claims 1 to
In addition to having the same effect as the third aspect of the invention, the positional relationship in the axial direction and the radial direction at the time of exchanging tools can always be made constant, and efficient exchanging can be performed, and at the same time, the radial direction can be changed. Since the positioning is performed, there is no positional deviation with respect to the tool spindle when gripped by the tool spindle, and it is possible to perform processing on the workpiece with good accuracy.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the positional relationship at the time of exchanging the tool can be made constant at all times, the exchanging can be performed efficiently, and the mounting recess is formed in the shank to form the positioning part. Since it is mounted, it is not necessary to form a positioning groove such as a circumferential groove that affects the strength in the shank portion, and the strength of the tool body can be secured.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a replacement tool according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a replacement state of the replacement tool according to the first embodiment.

3A, 3B, and 3C are front views showing modifications of the third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a replacement tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

5 (a) and 5 (b) are front views showing modifications of the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows Embodiment 3 of the present invention, (a) is a front view and (b) is a bottom view.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a replacement state of the replacement tool according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an application example of the third embodiment.

9A and 9B show modifications of the third embodiment, where FIG. 9A is a front view and FIG. 9B is a bottom view.

FIG. 10 shows another modification of the third embodiment, (a)
Is a front view and (b) is a bottom view.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

12A is a front view of a holder used in the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 12B is a plan view.

13A is a front view of a holder obtained by modifying FIG. 12, FIG.
(B) is a plan view.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a modification of the fourth embodiment.

15A is a front view of the holder used in FIG.
(B) is a plan view.

16 (a) is a front view of a holder obtained by modifying FIG. 14,
(B) is a plan view.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing another modification of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 18 (a) is a front view of the holder used in FIG.
(B) is a plan view.

FIG. 19 is a front view of a replacement tool according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a replacement state of the replacement tool according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a front view of a modification of the fifth embodiment.

22A and 22B show Embodiment 6 of the present invention, in which FIG. 22A is a mounting view before the positioning ring is mounted, and FIG. 22B is a front view after the positioning ring is mounted.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a tool exchange state according to the fifth embodiment.

24A and 24B show modifications of Embodiment 6, where FIG. 24A is a mounting view before mounting a positioning rod, and FIG. 24B is a front view after mounting a positioning rod.

FIG. 25 (a) is a front view of a conventional tool changer,
(B) is the side view.

FIG. 26 is a front view showing a conventional tool.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,61 Exchange tool 2,62 blade 3,63 Shank part 4 Tool body 5 holder

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Kenshi Nakamura             2-43 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Ori             Inside Npus Optical Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tatsuo Ichise             2-43 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Ori             Inside Npus Optical Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Harutaka Kondo             2-43 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Ori             Inside Npus Optical Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masamitsu Ikeda             2-43 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Ori             Inside Npus Optical Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Katagishi             2-43 Hatagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Ori             Inside Npus Optical Industry Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 3C002 HH04 KK04 LL12                 3C016 FA36 HA05

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A tool main body in which a shank portion detachably gripped by a tool spindle extends coaxially from a blade portion, and a holder fixed to the outside of the shank portion with the shank portion penetrating therethrough. A replacement tool in which the holder is detachably held by a tool replacement chuck that transfers a tool to and from a tool spindle, and a positioning portion that performs axial positioning with respect to the tool replacement chuck is provided on the outer surface of the holder. It is a replacement tool that is characterized. 2. The exchange tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is a ring-shaped projection formed on the outer peripheral surface of the holder so as to project in the circumferential direction. 3. The exchange tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is a ring-shaped groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the holder along the circumferential direction. 4. A tool main body in which a shank portion detachably gripped by a tool spindle extends coaxially from a blade portion, and a holder fixed to the outside of the shank portion with the shank portion penetrating therethrough. A replacement tool in which the holder is detachably held by a tool replacement chuck that transfers a tool to and from a tool spindle, and a positioning portion that performs axial and radial positioning with respect to the tool replacement chuck is A replacement tool that is provided on the outer surface. 5. The replacement tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is a concave portion that is recessed in a radial direction from an outer surface of the holder. 6. The replacement tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is a cutout portion formed on the outer surface of the holder along a direction intersecting the radial direction. 7. The replacement tool according to claim 1, wherein the holder has a non-circular outer shape so that the holder has the outer shape as the positioning portion. 8. The replacement tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is at least one pin-shaped projection that projects radially from the outer surface of the holder. 9. The replacement tool according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is a partial ring-shaped projection that partially projects in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the holder. 10. A tool body in which a shank portion detachably gripped by a tool spindle extends coaxially from a blade portion, a mounting recess formed in the shank portion, and a shank portion projecting from the outer periphery of the shank portion. And a positioning portion that positions the tool body with respect to the tool exchange chuck by engaging with the tool exchange chuck that transfers the tool to and from the tool spindle. And replacement tool.