JP2002502714A - Grinding wheel with a polishing surface having a layer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: A cylindrical abrasive wheel having a cylindrical abrasive region having a polishing surface in a circular band on the outside thereof. The abrasive region comprises an abrasive particle layer. The layer of abrasive particles can be tilted with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, i.e. to adjust them so that groove-like marks on the grinding wheel and the workpiece to be ground by the grinding wheel are reduced. it can. Alternatively, the abrasive region can be formed from a plurality of abrasive segments, each having an abrasive particle layer. The abrasive particle layers can be staggered in the direction of the rotation axis for each segment. This can also reduce groove-like marks on the grinding wheel and the workpiece.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention generally relates to a polishing tool (grinding tool) or a super-polishing tool (super-grinding tool). In particular, the invention relates to a rotatable grinding wheel having an abrasive surface (polishing surface) or a superabrasive surface (superpolishing surface).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Certain workpieces (eg, resin and glass lenses, stone, concrete, and ceramic) have a polishing (grinding) work surface, particularly a super-polishing (grinding) work surface. Polishing tool such as a wheel (wheel) or a disc (disk) having
It can be suitably molded using a (grinding tool). Here, the super-polishing (grinding) surface is a kind of polishing surface, but has higher polishing properties. . The work surface of the polishing tool can be manufactured from a polishing band provided on the outer periphery of a wheel or a disk. The working surface (working surface) usually comprises abrasive material or ultra-hard particles, such as diamond, cubic boron nitride, or boron suboxide, surrounded by a binder and / or embedded in a metal matrix. Contains. It is these abrasive particles that are primarily responsible for cutting or polishing the workpiece when it comes into contact with the rotating work surface of the polishing tool.

[0003] It is known to form cutting or polishing wheels with segments of abrasive material. The abrasive (polishing) segment mixes abrasive (polishing) particles such as diamond and metal powder and / or other fillers and binders in a mold and applies the mixture at elevated temperatures. It can be formed by pressing. However, forming abrasive segments in this manner can create hard particles, i.e., regions with high concentrations of abrasive particles and regions with low concentrations of abrasive particles, within the segments. In addition, the concentration of abrasive particles on the polishing surface affects the grinding characteristics of the grinding wheel, such as the wear rate and grinding rate of the grinding wheel. As described above, the abrasive particles vary non-uniformly, that is, irregularly, thereby destabilizing the performance of cutting (cutting) or grinding (polishing). Also, forming abrasive segments in this manner can be relatively expensive because of the relatively large number of abrasive particles used.

[0004] To reduce the problems associated with non-uniform or irregular variations in the concentration of abrasive particles on an abrasive surface, forming abrasive segments in which the concentration of abrasive particles varies regularly. It has been known. For example, the abrasive segments may be formed with substantially parallel planar abrasive particle layers separated by regions of the binder. An abrasive material having such an abrasive particle layer is disclosed in, for example, April 15, 1997.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,489, 199, issued to Zelesin on a date and entitled a method for producing a preformed powder and abrasive articles made from this method.
Regarding U.S. Pat. No. 5,049,165 issued Sep. 17, 2001 to Zelesin, entitled Composites, and a diamond saw blade, July 1991.
This is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-161278 (Mr. Yoshiyuki Tanno) published on March 11, 2011.

[0005] Yoshiyuki discloses a saw blade for cutting (cutting) stone, concrete and / or refractory materials. The saw blade is formed from an abrasive segment having a planar abrasive particle layer. As shown in FIG. 3 of Yoshiyuki, the abrasive particle layer is aligned in the rotation direction of the saw blade, and a fine groove (groove) is formed by cutting the workpiece. Such narrow grooves are formed because the region of the binder located between the abrasive particle surfaces wears faster than the region of the abrasive particle surfaces.

[0006] However, in some applications of grinding tools (abrasive tools), abrasive grooves are undesirable or unacceptable. In some cases, it is particularly desirable to be able to form a smooth, rounded edge on a workpiece. For example, one type of grinding wheel, known as a pencil wheel, grinds the edges of glazing to remove sharp edges of the glass, and the rounded edges have no cracks that can cause glass breakage. In order to do so, it is commonly used. It is not desirable for the rounded edges to have narrow grooves.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a grinding wheel presents a polishing surface with a regular abrasive particle concentration and advantageously produces a stable grinding (polishing) result. In addition, polishing (material) of this grinding wheel
The surface can form a smooth edge on the workpiece. In some examples, the edges formed on the workpiece may also be rounded.

The present invention includes a generally cylindrical abrasive wheel that is rotatable about an axis of rotation. The substantially cylindrical abrasive region has a polishing surface on its outer peripheral surface, and the region is formed from a plurality of abrasive particle layers. Each abrasive particle layer extends at least in the circumferential (peripheral) and radial directions of the cylindrical abrasive material region. By extending the layer in the radial direction, new edges are advantageously exposed as the edges of the abrasive particle layer wear with the use of the grinding wheel. However, when using a grinding wheel with a shaped edge, i.e. a contoured edge, as the edge wears, the edge must be re-profiled again. No.

One aspect of the present invention is that any circumferential path formed by the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the grinding wheel and the entire periphery of the polishing surface is less than the plurality of abrasive particle layers in the plurality of abrasive particle layers. Also intersected with one another, is characterized by placing an abrasive particle layer on the polishing surface.

[0010] Another aspect of the present invention is to incline the abrasive particle layer with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel to form an angle between 0 and 180 degrees (excluding 0 and 180 degrees). Can be characterized by: In this embodiment, as the grinding wheel makes one revolution of 360 degrees, the exposed edge of the single abrasive particle layer moves an axial distance greater than the width of the exposed edge of the abrasive particle layer. When the abrasive particle layer is inclined with respect to the rotation axis and the width of the axial distance in which each abrasive particle layer moves is in contact with or intersects, a groove-like mark (groove formation) on the surface of the workpiece is , Is reduced, and the groove is preferably
Not formed.

[0011] Yet another aspect of the invention may be characterized in that the grinding wheel is formed from a plurality of abrasive segments, each segment including an abrasive particle layer.
Abrasive particle layers are alternately arranged (arranged) in the axial direction from segment to segment
Is done. In this embodiment, the exposed edges of the abrasive particle layer will move over a wider portion of the polishing surface in the axial thickness. This also reduces groove marks on the workpiece. In some embodiments, the use of irregularly spaced segments in which the abrasive particles are not provided in the layer results in groove marks (
Groove formation) can also be reduced.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a cutting or grinding (polishing) having a polishing peripheral surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the grinding wheel 10. The grinding wheel 10 is substantially cylindrical and has an abrasive (polishing) region 12 that is preferably sandwiched between a first support plate 14 and a second support plate 16. The outer polishing surface 18 of the abrasive region 12 is substantially a cylindrical band, which is a circumferential surface 24 of the grinding wheel 10.
Extending around a portion of the. The grinding wheel 10 has a hole 20 at its center, which penetrates the grinding wheel 10. The holes 20 allow the grinding wheel 10 to be mounted on a rotatable shaft (not shown) for rotating the grinding wheel 10 therearound. Therefore, the rotatable shaft mounted through the hole 20 is the rotating shaft 2 of the grinding wheel 10.
3. Alternatively, the axis of rotation can be defined by a longitudinally aligned shaft portion secured within plates 14 and 16. It is also conceivable to mount the grinding wheel 10 on a rotatable shaft by mounting a substantially circular mounting plate (not shown) having a central axis (not shown) through the mounting hole 9. However, it will be appreciated that mounting holes 9 are not required. By rotating the wheel 10 on or about a rotatable axis, the workpiece is held in a biased condition against the circumferential surface 24 of the wheel 10 to be polished by the polishing surface 18. The workpiece can be appropriately shaped, ground (polished), or cut.

The support plates 14 and 16 are substantially rigid (rigid) and are preferably made of steel, but are formed from bronze, aluminum, or some other suitably rigid (rigid) material. Is also good. The support plates 14 and 16 can also be formed from unsintered or sintered powder materials. At least one of these plates may be free of abrasive particles, or may include abrasive particles of a lower concentration and / or size than abrasive region 12. The support plates 14 and 16 have outer surfaces 14a and 16a, respectively, which are preferably perpendicular to the axis of rotation 23 of the disk 10. The support plates 14 and 16 also each have an inner surface 1
4b and 16b. As shown in FIG. 3, which is a front view of the grinding wheel 10, the inner surfaces 14b and 16b are preferably substantially parallel to one another, but form an angle θ with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 23. However, it will be understood that it is also within the scope of the present invention to provide non-parallel abrasive particle layers, or layers that need not be parallel but follow the contours of any adjacent layers. This will be described in more detail below. It is also contemplated that the inner surfaces 14b and 16b may be perpendicular to the axis of rotation 23 without tilting.

The abrasive (polishing) region 12 is preferably substantially cylindrical in shape, the cylindrical shape having an upper surface 31 and a lower surface 33 that are substantially interconnected. And is preferably inclined at an angle θ with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 23. In this way, the abrasive region 12 is located between the support plates 14 and 16
It can be supported at an angle θ with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 23 of the grinding wheel 10. Since the top surface 14a of the plate 14 and the bottom surface 16a of the plate 16 can be substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 23, the surfaces 31 and 33 can be inclined at an angle θ with respect to the surfaces 14a and 16a. It should be understood that support plates 14 and 16 are optional. To allow rotation of the grinding wheel formed without the support plates 14 and 16, the rotatable shaft can be directly fixed to the upper surface 31 and the lower surface 33, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2-2 of FIG.
Is annular and extends radially inward from the surface 24 toward the center of the grinding wheel 10. In this manner, additional polishing surfaces are exposed as the outer polishing surface 18 wears out during use, thus extending the useful life of the grinding wheel 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the abrasive region 12 extends over the entire radial distance between the circumferential surface 24 and the hole 20. However, it is also conceivable for the abrasive area 12 to extend radially over only part of the area between the circumferential surface 24 and the hole 20.

The abrasive region 12 includes abrasive particles or particles made of a hard material. These particles are composed of superabrasives, such as diamond, cubic boron nitride (cubic boron nitride), boron carbide (boron carbide), and boron suboxide (boron subocide). , Silicon carbide (
Other abrasive particles such as silicon carbide), tungsten carbide (tungsten carbide), titanium carbide, and chromium boride (chromium boride) were suspended in a filler or binder matrix. Included are, but not limited to, those consisting of As shown in FIG. 3, according to the present invention, the abrasive particles can be arranged in the abrasive region 12 to form a substantially planar and parallel layer 26. In this configuration, a region of the binder 28 is located between the abrasive particle layers 26. The abrasive particle layer 26 can form a plane that is radial in the grinding wheel 10 and extends in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIG. 3 which is a front view of the grinding wheel 10, the polishing surface 18 can be formed so as to cross the layer 26 made of the abrasive particles, as indicated by a broken line. In this embodiment, the edges of the abrasive particle layer 26 can be exposed at the polishing surface 18. The edges of the bonding (joining) material region 28 are exposed at the surface 18.

Exposing the edges of the layer 26 at the surface 18 can cause the surface 18 to be exposed when the tool 10 is used.
Affects the shape, wear profile (profile), or surface morphology. This also affects the profile of the surface of the workpiece to be ground with the tool 10. This is because the region of the binder 28 wears faster than the abrasive particle layer 26, and cuts (polishes) the workpiece with lower efficiency. FIG. 4 shows a grinding wheel 310,
FIG. 9 is a side view showing a wear profile of a workpiece 308 which has been polished thereby. The grinding wheel 310 has an abrasive region 312. This abrasive region 312
Can be sandwiched between support plates 314 and 316. Abrasive material area 3
12 comprises an abrasive particle layer 326 separated by a binder region 328. Layer 3
The edges of the 26 are aligned in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 323 of the grinding wheel 310, and each edge of the layer 326 extends continuously around the grinding wheel 310. As illustrated, a groove may be formed in the abrasive region 312 by grinding the edge of the workpiece 308 with the grinding wheel 310. The high point of the groove in the abrasive region 312 is
The low points occur in the region of the binder 328, occurring at the edges of the abrasive particle layer 326. As shown, the groove is mirrored on the surface of the workpiece 308 being ground.
This is because the edges of the abrasive particle layer 326 remove the material of the workpiece more quickly than the surrounding binder region 328.

However, as described in the background, it is generally desirable to form a smooth surface on a workpiece. For example, manufacturers of automotive and furniture glass use a pencil wheel to grind the edges of the glass to make it smooth and relatively scratch free. Accordingly, in order to reduce grooves and other surface abnormalities in the workpiece, the abrasive particle layer 26 can be inclined at an angle θ with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 23 as shown in FIG. . Is preferably between 0 and 180 degrees (excluding 0 and 180 degrees). The abrasive particle layer 26 preferably has at least one optional path 32 formed by the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 10 and the complete circumference (perimeter) of the polishing surface 18. Is sufficiently inclined to intersect or traverse the abrasive particle layer 26. Thereby, the grinding wheel 1
0 allows the entire surface of the workpiece to be ground to be ground at substantially the same speed, with certain surface areas being ground by only the binder or by an unusually large amount of abrasive particles. The resulting formation of grooves and other surface abnormalities is less.

The grinding wheel 1 is arranged such that an arbitrary path 32 crosses at least one abrasive particle layer 26.
Minimum angle theta _{mi n} should be tilted abrasive region 12 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of 0, the size of the particles used in the formation of the abrasive region 12, the diameter of the grinding wheel 10, and abrasive The thickness of the region of the binder 28 between the particle layers 26. Figures 5a and 5
b is a partial schematic view of a polishing material of a type that can form the grinding wheel 10. The two abrasive particles 34 and 36 are present in adjacent abrasive particle layers 26a and 26b, respectively, as indicated by the dashed lines. FIG. 5a is a schematic view of the cylindrical abrasive region 12 before being tilted in the grinding wheel 10, for explaining the method of determining θ _min . Particles 34 and 36 cross (cross) the diameter of grinding wheel 10
They are diametrically opposed to each other. Thus, particles 34 and 36
It is at a distance equal to the diameter D of the abrasive region 12. The abrasive particle layers 26a and 26b are separated from each other by an interval t. The abrasive particles have a diameter d. At this time, the angle θ _min is given by the following equation.

Θ _min = arctan (d + t / D)

For example, the distance between adjacent particle layers is 0.05 inch (t = 0.05 inch), and the diameter of abrasive particles is 0.01 inch (d = 0.01 inch). For a 4 inch grinding wheel (D = 4 inches), the angle θ _min is about 0.86 degrees. FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the grinding wheel 10 after the cylindrical abrasive region 12 has been tilted by an angle θ _min and sandwiched between support plates 14 and 16. The above equation gives the minimum tilt angle θ _min of the abrasive region 12 to generally ensure that the path 32 intersects the edge of the abrasive particle layer, but at an angle θ greater than θ _min Abrasive material area 1
Tilting 2 is also within the scope of the present invention. It is conceivable to incline the abrasive region 12 at an angle smaller than that given by θ _min , but when using an inclination angle θ smaller than θ _min in this way, it is preferable to use a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The path 32 defined by the line of intersection with the circumference (outer circumference) of the abrasive region 12 may not intersect the edge of the abrasive particle layer.

The above discussion of the angle θ _min concludes that abrasive particles of the same diameter d are used throughout the abrasive region 12 and that the spacing t between adjacent abrasive particle layers is It is assumed that they are substantially the same over the entire area 12. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to use abrasive particles of different diameters and different spacing between adjacent abrasive particle layers. Even in that case, if the maximum distance between adjacent abrasive particle layers is used as the distance t, the above equation for the angle θ _min can be used. The above equation for the angle θ _min applies only when the abrasive particle layers in the abrasive region are substantially planar and parallel to each other.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the grinding wheel 10, and FIGS. 7 and 8 show a laminated sheet 51 made of an abrasive material having an abrasive particle layer. The method for producing the laminated sheet 51 of the polishing material will be described in detail below. It will be appreciated that the sheet 51 may be suitably formed prior to performing the steps of assembling the grinding wheel 10, as described below. As shown in FIG. 6, the sheet 51 includes a first outer plate 53.
And a second outer plate 55 to form a rectangular parallelepiped block 56. This block 56 can then be sintered under pressure. Typically, this sintering step is performed at a temperature between about 480 ° C. and 1600 ° C., at a high pressure of 100-550 kg / cm ² , and with a dwell time of 5 minutes to 1 hour. Then, laser, water jet, EDM (discharge mechanism:
block 5 by electrical discharge mechanism, plasma electron beam, scissors, blades, dies, or other well-known methods.
6 is cut as shown by the dotted line to form a grinding wheel 10. Before or after cutting the grinding wheel 10 from the block 56, the hole 20 can be cut as indicated by the dotted line in the same or other manner. The shape of the block 56 and / or the sheet 51 is not limited to a rectangle, and can be any shape including a circle, and in this case, even if it has an internal opening that can be any shape. It should be recognized that it is not necessary.

Depending on the design, the grinding wheel 10 may include an axially thin or thick abrasive region 12. The abrasive region 12 can then be mounted on a core, such as a metal or composite core. The core can be integrated with the abrasive region 12 by mechanical locking and tension / expansion (expansion, extension), brazing (soldering), welding, gluing, sintering, and forging. The integration means is not limited to these, but can be any available means.

In order to remove the grinding wheel 10 from the seat 51, it is advantageous to use a cutting machine with cutting media characterized by being able to move in three to five degrees of freedom. For example, a laser or a water jet having a nozzle capable of moving with five degrees of freedom is used.

The first and second outer plates 53 and 55 can each be formed from steel, aluminum, bronze, resin, or other substantially rigid material by known methods. In forming the plates 53 and 55, the inner surface 53a of the first plate 53 is preferably angled at an angle θ with respect to its outer surface 53b,
The inner surface 55a of the second plate 55 is preferably angled at an angle θ with respect to its outer surface 55b.

Alternatively, an annular abrasive area can be cut from a sheet of abrasive material prior to sintering the first support plate 14 and the second support plate 16 therewith. The first support plate 14 and the second support plate 16 can also be formed prior to sintering. Next, an annular abrasive region is laminated on the first support plate 14 and the second support plate 16 and sintered under pressure, whereby the grinding wheel according to the present invention can be formed.

A second abrasive wheel for forming an abrasive wheel having an inclined abrasive region according to the present invention.
An alternative method involves forming a top plate and a bottom plate each having parallel inner and outer surfaces. Next, the sheet 51 can be sandwiched between the top plate and the bottom plate and sintered. Then, the hole for mounting the abrasive wheel on a rotatable shaft,
It can be formed at an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to the inner surface and the outer surface of the top plate and the bottom plate. When installed, the grinding wheel can be optionally dressed (surface smoothed).

A third alternative method for forming an abrasive wheel according to the present invention is that the abrasive particle layer is between 0 ° and 180 ° (0 °) with respect to the generally parallel top and bottom surfaces of the abrasive region. And 1
(Excluding 80 degrees) from forming the abrasive area from the sheet 51. Such an abrasive region may be formed by cutting the abrasive region from a sheet such as sheet 51 using a cut at an angle between 0 and 180 degrees with respect to the upper or lower surface of sheet 51. Can be. The abrasive region can preferably be sandwiched between an upper support plate and a lower support plate having substantially parallel inner and outer surfaces, respectively. Preferably, the holes extend through the support plate and the abrasive region and can be formed substantially perpendicular to the top and bottom surfaces of the abrasive region.
In this embodiment, the rotatable shaft disposed through the hole allows 0 to 180 degrees (excluding 0 and 180 degrees) with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the abrasive wheel.
An abrasive wheel with an abrasive region having an abrasive particle layer at an angle between is obtained.

After forming the grinding wheel 10 by any of the methods described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the polished surface 18 is formed by a known method of forming a depression or curve in the remainder of the outer periphery 24 of the grinding wheel 10. Can be smooth. If the application is special,
It is also conceivable to form the grinding wheel 10 to have a polishing surface 18 of another shape. Examples include more complex surfaces, such as convex, concave, and S-shaped.

Another method of manufacturing a grinding wheel 10 having a concave, convex, or other abrasive surface 18 is to remove various rings or rims having different diameters from the sheet 51 and then stack the rings. Weight. For example, to produce a grinding wheel having a concave polishing surface, rings having different outer diameters can be removed from sheet 51. The rings can then be stacked on the core so that the resulting grinding wheel has the desired concave shape.

FIG. 7 is a top view of the laminated sheet 51. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the laminated sheet 51 is a square having a leading edge 37 and side edges 38. However, other shapes of laminated sheet 51 are also within the scope of the present invention. Sheet 51 is made from a plurality of thick layers. The thick layers preferably each comprise a binder layer and an abrasive particle layer. Each of the thick layers of the sheet 51 can also have a layer of porous material and / or an adhesive base layer.

FIG. 8 is an exploded front view of the leading edge 37 of the sheet 51, showing a stack of thick layers that can be used to manufacture the sheet 51. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, sheet 51 is made of only three thick layers 40, 42, and 44. However, the sheet 51 can be made from a different number of thick layers, preferably from 2 to 10,000 layers. Each thick layer 40, 42, and 44 respectively includes a binder layer 50,
52 and 54, porous material layers 60, 62 and 64, and abrasive particles 90
And abrasive particle layers 70, 72, and 74. Each of the thick layers 40, 42, and 44 may further include an adhesive layer 80, 82, and 84, respectively, wherein the adhesive layers are respectively porous material layers 60, 62, and 64 may be provided on one side, each having at least one side with a pressure sensitive adhesive. The adhesive surfaces of the adhesive layers 80, 82, and 84 are provided to urge the porous layers 60, 62, and 64, respectively. In this embodiment, the abrasive particles 90 of the abrasive particle layers 70, 72, and 74 are separated from the porous layers 60, 62, respectively.
, And 64, the abrasive particles 90 cause the adhesive layers 80, 82
, And 84 and the abrasive particles 90 are retained in the openings of the porous layers 60, 62, and 64. The porous layers described above may be, for example, mesh-type materials (eg, woven and non-woven mesh materials, metal and non-metal mesh materials), deposited materials, powdered or powdered fiber materials, and green compacts. compact
It should be appreciated that any material having pores or openings dispersed throughout the material, such as) may be selected. It should also be understood that the order and arrangement of the various layers may differ from those shown here.

After the abrasive particles have been received by the adhesive layer, the porous layer separates from the adhesive layer,
That is, it may be removed. The use of an adhesive substrate to hold the abrasive particles to be used in the sintering process has been described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,380,390 (Zereshin) and 5,620,489 ( Zelesin).

The thick layers 40, 42, and 44 are compressed together by a top punch 84 and a bottom punch 85 to form a sintered laminated sheet 51. As mentioned above,
Suitable sintering processes for the present invention are known in the relevant art and are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,620,489 (Zelesin). FIG. 8 shows each thick layer 40.
, 42 and 44 show a single binder layer, but each thick layer 40, 42
, And 44 may be provided with more than one tie layer.

In performing the above manufacturing steps, the binder forming the binder layers 50, 52, and 54 may be any material that can be sintered with the abrasive particle layers 70, 72, and 74. Preferably, a flexible material that is flexible and easily deformable (SEDF: so
ft, easy deformable flexible material
al), but this method of manufacture is known in the relevant art and is described in US Pat.
620,489. Such a SEDF forms a paste or slurry of a binder, i.e., a powder such as tungsten carbide particles or cobalt particles, and a binder composition including cement such as rubber glue and a thinner such as rubber glue thinner. Can be formed. Abrasive particles can be included in the paste or slurry, but are not required. A base layer (substrate) is formed from the paste or slurry and solidifies and hardens at room temperature or under heating to evaporate the volatile components of the binder phase. The SEDF used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 to form the binder layers 50, 52, and 54 contains methyl ethyl ketone: toluene, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene glycol, and dioctyl phthalene as binders. And may contain, as a bond matrix material, a mixture of copper, iron, nickel, tin, chromium, boron, silicon, tungsten carbide, titanium, cobalt, and phosphorus. it can. Some of the solvent evaporates after the addition, and the remaining organics burn out during sintering. Examples of the exact composition of SEDF that can be used in the present invention are given in the examples below. Components for such a SEDF composition are available from several sources. These suppliers include Sulzer Metco, Inc., Troy, Michigan; Allchem Limited, Mount Pleasant, SC; Transmet Corporation, Columbus, OH; Balimet Inc., Stockton, CA; Cleveland, OH MS Industry, Inc .; Engelhard Corporation, Seneca, SC; Crité Tungsten Corporation, East Rutherford, NJ; Jintalloy Inc., Theron Mills, Ohio; Scientific Alloy Corporation, Clifton, NJ Of Kemaloy Company, Inc., Brin Mall, PA , North Carolina Research Triangle Park of S. Sea M Metal Products, of Camden, New Jersey F. W. Winter & Company, Inc.,
GS Chemicals, Inc. of Powell, Ohio,
Alemco Products of Ossining, NY; Eagle Alloy Corporation of Cape Coral, Florida; Fusion Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio; Goodfellow Corporation of Berwyn, PA; Wall Colmonoy, Madison Heights, Michigan; and Michigan Includes Troy's Alloy Metal, Inc. Sheet 3
It should also be noted that each binder layer forming 6 need not be of the same composition, it is possible that one or more of the binder layers have a different composition.

As long as the material is substantially porous (porosity, about 30-99.5%) and preferably has regularly spaced openings, the porous material can be virtually any material It may be a material. Suitable materials are organic or metallic nonwoven or woven mesh materials, such as copper, bronze, zinc, steel, or nickel wire mesh, or fiber mesh (eg, carbon or graphite). Particularly suitable for use in the present invention are stainless steel wire mesh, expanded (stretched) metal materials, and low melting point mesh type organic materials. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a mesh is formed from a first set of parallel wires perpendicularly intersecting a second set of parallel wires, and porous layers 60, 62, and 64 are formed. The exact dimensions of the stainless steel (stainless steel) wire mesh that can be used in the present invention are disclosed in the examples below.

As shown in FIG. 9, which is a top view of a single porous layer 60 provided on a sheet 51 having abrasive particles 90, a first set of parallel wires 61 is attached to a leading edge 37 of the sheet 51. And a second set of parallel wires 69 can be placed parallel to the side edge 38. However, as shown in FIG. 10, the porous layer can be angled so that the set of parallel wires 61 and 69 make an angle of about 45 degrees with the leading edge 37 and side edge 38. is there. It is also conceivable to form the sheet 51 with several layers using the arrangement of FIG. 10 and several layers using the arrangement of FIG.

The abrasive particles 90 may include super abrasive particles (such as diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron suboxide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and / or mixtures thereof).
It can be formed from any relatively hard material, including rabrasive particles. Preferably, diamond having a diameter and shape that fits into the holes of the porous material is used as abrasive particles 90. It is also conceivable to use abrasive particles that are slightly larger than the pores of the porous material and / or particles that are small enough for the plurality of particles to fit into the pores of the porous material.

The adhesive layers 80, 82, and 84 have sufficient tack to hold the abrasive particles at least temporarily, such as a flexible base layer with a pressure sensitive adhesive thereon. It can be formed from a material having Substrates having such adhesives are well known in the art. The adhesive must be able to retain the abrasive particles during preparation and preferably should burn out without leaving any ash during the sintering step. An example of an adhesive that can be used is the book tape # 895, commonly called Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (St. Paul, Minn.)
Is a pressure-sensitive adhesive available from

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 11-17. Like elements are numbered similarly throughout FIGS. 11-17. FIG. 11 shows the first support plate 114 and the second support plate 1.
16 and a grinding wheel 110 with an abrasive (polishing) region 112 sandwiched therebetween. The grinding wheel 110 is substantially cylindrical and has a hole 120 penetrating the top and bottom surfaces. The grinding wheel 110, like the grinding wheel 10, can be mounted on a rotatable shaft (not shown) via a hole 120 and can be rotated about a rotating shaft 123. The abrasive region 112 has a generally cylindrical polishing (front) surface 118 extending around a peripheral surface 124 of the grinding wheel 110. Abrasive material area 1 of grinding wheel 10
Unlike the grinding wheel 11, the upper surface 131 and the lower surface 133 of the abrasive region 112 are different from each other.
It is shown as being substantially aligned in a plane substantially perpendicular to the zero axis of rotation 123.

The abrasive region 112 is made from abrasive segments that can have a substantially planar and parallel layer of abrasive particles 126 as shown by the dashed lines in FIG.
However, it is also within the scope of the present invention to have non-parallel layers or layers that need not be parallel but follow the contours of any adjacent layers. Abrasive material segment 1
13 are circumferentially spaced around the grinding wheel 110 and are supported between a first support plate 114 and a second support plate 116. Single abrasive segment 1
By providing a plurality of 13, a gap 119 is preferably present between adjacent abrasive segments 113. As shown in FIG. 11, the gap 119 is substantially rectangular, and the gap 119 is formed between the upper surface 131 and the lower surface 133, respectively.
On the other hand, it extends at an angle other than 90 degrees. Segment 113 and void 119
Should be arranged to contact adjacent segments 113 before the workpiece loses contact with the first segments 113 during grinding. This is a grinding wheel 11
Noise generated by grinding the workpiece urged to zero, that is, “chattering” can be reduced appropriately. However, the gap 119 also has an upper surface 131.
It is also conceivable to allow each of these to extend at an angle of approximately 90 degrees with respect to this between the lower surface 133 and the lower surface 133.

As shown in FIG. 12, which is a cross-sectional view taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 11, the grinding wheel 110 has a radial distribution path 117. Sectional view along line 13-13 in FIG. 12 and 14-1
As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG.
7 is formed from generally U-shaped grooves or passages 127 and 129 cut (formed) in support plates 114 and 116, respectively. Preferably, the radial distribution path 117 extends from a circular distribution path 121 near the center of the grinding wheel 110 to a radial distribution path (peripheral distribution path) 125 radially outward. Preferably, a circular groove (circular distribution path)
121 is formed in the support plates 114 and 116 as generally U-shaped grooves 127 and 129 and extends around the inner peripheral edge 111 of the grinding wheel 110. The circumferential distribution path 125 passes behind or inside the abrasive material segment 113 in the radial direction. A lubricant such as water can be supplied under pressure into the circular distribution channel 121 and routed through the radial distribution channel 117 into the circumferential distribution channel (perimeter distribution channel) 125. The lubricant is then extruded through gaps 119 between segments 113 to lubricate polishing surface 118 during grinding. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12,
The segment 113 can include an opening 130 that provides fluid communication around the grinding wheel 110 with a circumferential distribution passage 125 through which lubricant can be supplied to the polishing surface 118 during grinding. The opening 130 is circular, square,
It can be a polygon or various shapes including any other shape.
. Each opening 130 may be tapered through the thickness of segment 113.
The grinding wheel 110 can be provided with an opening 130 with or without the air gap 119. Also, with or without openings 130, the grinding wheel 110 can be used with a center waterfeed grinder. The use of a lubricant on the grinding surface 118 during grinding can extend the useful life of the grinding wheel 110 and improve workpiece finish. The embodiment shown in FIG. 12 has four radial distribution paths, but fewer or more than four distribution paths 11.
7 is also within the scope of the present invention.

The distribution channels 121, 117, and 125 are provided on support plates 114 and 11, respectively.
6, a generally U-shaped groove 1 machined or otherwise formed in the inner surface of
27 and 129. When the support plates 114 and 116 are provided on top of each other, the grooves 127 and 129 are aligned to form the passages 121, 117 and 125.

As shown in FIG. 13, the grinding wheel 110 is mounted on a spindle 190 to supply lubricant into the circular distribution channel 121. The spindle 190 is mounted on the flange 1
91, a longitudinal distribution path 193, and a lateral distribution path 192. Wheel 11
0 indicates that the lateral distribution channel 192 is aligned with the circular distribution channel 121 and is in fluid communication therewith.
So that it is placed on the flange 191. The longitudinal distribution channel 193 intersects the lateral distribution channel 192 and is in fluid communication therewith. The longitudinal distribution path 193 opens at a coupling 194 at one end of the spindle 190. The coupling 194 causes the spindle 190 to rotate on the port 195
3 and in a state where the longitudinal distribution passage 193 is sealed and in fluid communication (fluid connection) with the internal passage (flow passage) 196 of the port 195.
90 can be connected to the water supply port 195. Such sealed connections are well-known in the relevant art. Lubricant passes through internal passage 196 and longitudinal distribution passage 193
Through the horizontal distribution path 192 and into the circular distribution path 121,
The spindle 190 can rotate with the grinding wheel 110. It is also conceivable that the grinding wheel 110 rotates with respect to the spindle 190. The spindle 190 can be formed of steel or other hard material, and the distribution passages (distribution grooves) 192 and 193 can be formed therethrough by drilling or other well-known methods. it can.

Another method of supplying a liquid lubricant through a distribution groove of a grinding wheel according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
And 16. FIG. 15 is a top sectional view of the grinding wheel 410 according to the present invention, taken along the same cutting line as the sectional view of the grinding wheel 110 shown in FIG. The grinding wheel 410 has, similarly to the grinding wheel 110, an abrasive material segment 41 disposed therearound.
3, a circumferential (peripheral) distribution passage 425 extending behind or inside the abrasive material segment 413 in the radial direction, and a radial distribution passage 417 in fluid communication (fluid connection) with the circumferential distribution passage 425. However, the grinding wheel 410 is
And a circular distribution path 421 that opens along the upper surface 431 of the 0 ’. 16-1 in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 16 which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 6, the circular distribution path 421 of the grinding wheel 410 communicates with the radial distribution path 417. In this manner, liquid lubricant can be supplied into circular distribution channel 421 via stationary port 495 while grinding wheel 410 is being rotated by spindle or rotatable shaft 490. Then, this enters the distribution passage 417, passes through the circumferential distribution passage 425, and passes through the segment 413.
Through the gap 419 and / or opening (not shown) of the grinding wheel 410 to lubricate the grinding surface. The grinding wheel 410 can be manufactured in substantially the same manner as the grinding wheel 110.

As noted above, returning to the grinding wheel 110, the abrasive region 112 can be formed from an abrasive segment 113 having a layer 126 of abrasive particles. Preferably, layer 126 is substantially planar and parallel, but need not be. Further, the abrasive particle layer 126 can be arranged on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. As shown in FIG. 17, which is a partial front view and exaggerated for illustrative purposes, of abrasive wheel 110 having abrasive particles 134 and abrasive particle layers 126a, 126b, and 126c, abrasive particle layers 126a, 126b, and 126c , Are shown in a plane substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis 123. However, to ensure complete and smooth polishing, the abrasive particle layers 126a, 126b, and 126c have shifted axially (in the direction of the axis of rotation 123) between one segment 113 and the other. It is arranged (offset) in the state. That is, the layer 126 is not circumferentially aligned between one segment 113 and the adjacent segment 113. Here, it is within the scope of the present invention that the abrasive particle layer 126 is not shifted in the axial direction between adjacent segments, but is shifted in the axial direction for every second or third segment. . All that is required is that in several segments provided around the grinding wheel 110, the abrasive particle layer 12
6 is shifted in the axial direction.

Because the abrasive particle layers 126 are not circumferentially aligned, the binder 128 regions between the layers 126 are also not aligned. Therefore, the workpiece is biased against the polishing surface 118 (
When pressing (pressing) and grinding (polishing), the possibility that a part of the surface of the workpiece being ground contacts only the binder region 128 or only the abrasive particle layer 126 can be reduced and minimized. This reduces the likelihood of grooves or other surface abnormalities on the surface of the workpiece being ground and allows for the creation of a smooth surface on the workpiece.

See FIG. 17 for an explanation of how abrasive particle segments 113 that are not aligned in the peripheral direction (circumferential direction) in grinding wheel 110 can smoothly grind (polish) the surface of the workpiece. You can do it. FIG. 17 shows the abrasive particle layer 126.
a, 126b, 126c, respectively, and the binder regions 128a, 128b, 12
Figure 8 is an exaggerated schematic front view to illustrate three segments 113a, 113b, and 113c each having an 8; In the schematic diagram of FIG. 17, the axial height 169 of the abrasive region 112 is determined by the abrasive particle layers 126a, 126b, and 1
The diameter is about six times the diameter 168 of the abrasive particles constituting 26c (that is, the thickness of the abrasive particle layer). The spacing 167 between the abrasive particle layers is shown as approximately twice the diameter 168.

The segment 113 a includes one of the two abrasive particle layers 126 a in which the abrasive region 11 is formed.
8 is provided on the grinding wheel 110 to provide a lower surface 133. The binder provides an upper surface 131 of the abrasive region 118 and extends axially to the abrasive particle layer 126a closest to the upper surface 131. The segment 113b is formed and provided on the grinding wheel 110 such that one of the two abrasive particle layers 126b is spaced from the lower surface 133 of the abrasive region 118 by a distance 179. Distance 17
9 is preferably approximately equal to the diameter 168 of the abrasive particles. The binder fills the area between the lower surface 133 and the abrasive particle layer 126b closest to the lower surface 133. The binder also fills the area between the upper surface 131 and the abrasive particle layer 126b closest to the upper surface 131. The segment 113c is provided on the grinding wheel 110 with one of the two abrasive particle layers 126c formed to form the upper surface 131 of the abrasive region 118. The binder fills the area between the lower surface 133 and the abrasive particle layer 126c closest to the lower surface 133. For ease of illustration, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
Each of 3b and 113c has only two abrasive particle layers 126a, 126b and 126c. However, it is within the scope of the invention to have more than two layers of abrasive particles per segment. In addition, the thickness of each abrasive particle layer and / or the diameter of the abrasive particles used can be different between and within segments.

As shown in FIG. 17, by alternately arranging the abrasive particle layers 126 a, 126 b, and 126 c, the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 123 intersects the entire periphery of the abrasive region 118. Any paths 132 that will be formed will intersect the abrasive particle layer of at least one abrasive segment 113. This is a grinding wheel 1
During rotation of 10, substantially all of the surface of the workpiece in contact with the polishing surface 118 intersects the abrasive particle layer 126a, 126b, or 126c. As mentioned above, this allows to create a smooth edge or a smooth surface on the workpiece.

The order in which the abrasive particle layers are alternately arranged (staggered) need not be as shown. In order to achieve smooth polishing of the workpiece surface, it is important that the axial distance of the polishing surface 118 should span at least the axial distance including the abrasive particle layer.

Due to manufacturing variations, it may be difficult to accurately control and align the thickness of the abrasive particle layer 126 and the binder region 128. Thus, forming a grinding wheel 110 exactly as shown in FIG. 17 can be difficult to achieve. As such, the abrasive particle layers 126a, 126b, and 126c can be made thicker so that they can more easily overlap between segments. Further, the grinding wheel 110 is preferably formed from more than three segments, and can be formed such that as many segments as possible are provided around the grinding wheel 110. This will increase the number of polishing edges of the abrasive layer 126 that pass through the workpiece when the grinding wheel 110 makes only one revolution.

As shown by the dashed line in FIG. 7, the segment 113 can be extracted from the laminated sheet 51, that is, can be cut out. Laminated sheet 51 should be at least partially sintered, and preferably fully sintered, prior to any withdrawal. First
And second support plates 114 and 116 are each of a steel nature (hard) and may be formed from steel, resin, or other substantially rigid materials well known in the art. Grooves 127 and 129 can be machined, molded, or otherwise formed in plates 114 and 116, respectively, as is well known. The openings 121 are formed in the plate 1 by machining or other well-known methods.
14 can be formed. The segment 113 then combines the plates 114 and 1
Stacked between 16 and brazed under pressure with them (br
azed) or, preferably, sintered. When the segment 113 is stacked with the support plates 114 and 116, the grooves 127 of the support plate 114
Are axially aligned with the grooves 129 of the support plate 116, and FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 4, grooves (channels) 117 and 125 are formed. Segment 113 can also be secured between support plates 114 and 116 by adhesive, brazing (solder), welding (including welding, laser welding), or other known methods. If the segment 113 is sintered together with the supporting plates 114 and 116, this sintering step is performed by the sheet 5 from which the segment 113 is cut out.
1 may be in addition to the sintering process used to form the sintering process.
Holes 120 may be formed by drilling or other known processes before or after sintering of support plates 114 and 116 with segment 113.

In order to form the segments 113 having different distances between the abrasive particle layers as in the segments 113 a, 113 b and 113 c shown in FIG. 17, different stacked layers having different distances between the abrasive particle layers 126 are used. Segments can be cut from a sheet. Also, in some cases, such as segments 113a and 113c, the segments are substantially identical to one another, but are inverted in grinding wheel 110. It is therefore conceivable to form such segments from the same sheet and to reverse one or the other before the segments are finally assembled with the plates 114 and 116.

In order to form a laminated sheet such as the sheet 51 but having a different distance between the abrasive particle layers, prior to sintering to form a sheet such as the sheet 51, FIG. More or less layers of the binder layer, such as layers 50, 52, or 54 shown, may be disposed between the abrasive particle layers. The number of binder layers required to achieve a given abrasive particle interlayer distance can be empirically determined.

A grinding wheel 110 having an abrasive segment such as abrasive segment 113, wherein the abrasive particle layer is between 0 degrees and 18 degrees with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the grinding wheel 110
Forming the grinding wheel 110 at an angle between 0 degrees is also within the scope of the present invention. Importantly, as rotating about the axis of rotation 123, the polishing surface 118 moves the edge of the abrasive particle layer 116 over an axial distance greater than the axial thickness of the edge at any given point. (Sweep).

The segmented design of the grinding wheel 110 may also include abrasive segments, such as segment 113, having abrasive particles randomly distributed therein as discussed in the Background of the Invention. It can also be formed with agent segments. Segments such as segments 113 having irregularly distributed particles would lack the advantages of segments 113 having an abrasive particle layer, but using segments having irregularly distributed particles to achieve a better grinding wheel 110 Forming such a grinding wheel involves distributing a liquid lubricant to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel while performing grinding with the grinding wheel having grooves such as channels 117, 121, and 125. enable.

FIG. 18 shows another embodiment of the present invention. Elements in FIG. 18 that are functionally similar to the elements in FIGS. 1 and 2 are shown with the same number plus 200. FIG. 18 shows a grinding wheel 210 having abrasive segments 213 a and 213 b stacked between upper and lower support plates 214 and 216. By stacking the abrasive segments 213a and 213b, an axially thicker abrasive wheel can be formed. However, in this way, the segment 213a
And 213b can create a groove 247 therebetween. In order to reduce the chance of the groove 247 forming a lip protruding from the workpiece, the positions of the narrow segment 213a and the wide segment 213b are alternated between circumferentially adjacent segments. , Segments 213a and 213b can be stacked. In this manner, the grooves 247 are staggered axially around the outer periphery of the polishing surface 218. The axial staggering of the grooves 247 reduces the likelihood that the grooves will contact the workpiece during one revolution of the grinding wheel 210, thus providing an opportunity to form a protruding lip on the surface of the workpiece. Is reduced. The grinding wheel 210 can be manufactured in substantially the same manner as the grinding wheel 110.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken along the line 19-19 in FIG. FIG. 19 shows one possible arrangement for vertically stacking abrasive segments 213a and 213b.
As shown in the figure, the abrasive segments 213a and 213b are both spline-connected (connected by key grooves). As shown in FIG.
Having both 13a and 213b splined together provides the advantage of more secure attachment of segments 213a and 213b to support plates 214 and 216. It is also contemplated that the abrasive segments 213a and 213b may be splined together in some other arrangement. It is also conceivable that the abrasive segments 213a and 213b are joined (joined) only by butting without joining by splines.

FIG. 20 is a front view of another embodiment of the grinding wheel according to the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 20, the grinding wheel 510 preferably includes a first support plate 514 and a second support plate 516.
, But is not essential to do so.
The abrasive region 512 has an outer polishing surface 518, which can be a substantially cylindrical band extending around the abrasive wheel 510. The grinding wheel 510 has a rotating shaft 5
23.

The abrasive region 512, like the abrasive region 12 of the grinding wheel 10, has a binder region 52.
8, consisting of a layer 526 of hard particles or abrasive particles, indicated by dashed lines. However, the abrasive particle layers 526 are not substantially planar, but rather,
It can be configured to have a sinusoidally exposed edge along the polishing surface 518. In this manner, as it rotates about the axis of rotation 523, the polishing surface 518 causes the edge of the abrasive particle layer 526 to divide the edge thickness at any given point on the edge. Move over a greater axial distance. At least one path formed by intersecting the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis with the polishing surface intersects at least one abrasive particle layer at at least three places. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the axial distance between two adjacent abrasive particle layers is maintained substantially constant around the periphery of the grinding wheel 510,
However, this is not required.

Further, the peak of the edge of any first abrasive particle layer is the first peak.
Extending to a point at or above the same level in the axial direction with the bottom of the edge of another abrasive particle layer adjacent to and above the edge of the abrasive particle layer of Can be. In this embodiment, any path formed by the intersection of a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of grinding wheel 510 and the entire circumference of polishing surface 512 intersects (ie, traverses) at least one abrasive particle layer 526. . It is also conceivable that the abrasive particle layer 526 has other forms of edges, such as sawtooth waves and irregular and smooth waves.

An abrasive particle layer 52 undulating (waving / undulating) with a waveform as shown in FIG.
To form a grinding wheel 510 having six edges, layers forming abrasive regions 512, ie, binder layers 50-54, and hard particles, ie, layers 70-74 of abrasive particles,
And, if necessary, the layers of porous material layers 60-64 and adhesive layers 80-84 are suitably stacked and sintered with support plates 514 and 516 in a single sintering step. Such a sintering step may be substantially the same sintering step used to form the laminated sheet 51, but with the support plates 514 and 516 above the layer forming the abrasive region 512. And will be stacked below, respectively.
However, the support plates 514 and 516 need not have an inner surface inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 523 of the grinding wheel 510. Also, in order to form an undulating shape,
Preferably, spacers 597 are provided circumferentially between the layer forming abrasive region 512 and first support plate 514 and between the layer forming abrasive region 512 and second support plate 516. Are spaced apart from each other. The position of the spacer 597 adjacent to the first support plate 514 can be circumferentially shifted with respect to the position of the spacer 597 adjacent to the second support plate 516.

One embodiment of the spacer 597 is shown in FIG. 21 as a perspective view. As shown in the figure,
The spacer 597 is preferably conical and wedge shaped and has a front face 597a
And a tapered tail 597b. FIG. 20 shows only the front surface 597a. Spacer 597 can be formed from virtually any material, such as steel, aluminum, bronze. The layer of the abrasive region 512
As each is flexible, each layer can be shaped to pass smoothly over or under the spacer 597. Thus, when the layer of material forming abrasive region 512 is sandwiched between support plates 514 and 516 with spacer 597, the layer of material forming abrasive region 512, including abrasive particle layer 526, has a sinusoidal shape. Wavy undulations are formed. It is also conceivable to form the spacer 597 in other shapes, such as rectangular, prismatic, cylindrical, or semi-cylindrical. After sintering, the grinding wheel 510 can be mounted on a rotatable shaft in substantially the same manner as the grinding wheel 10.

FIG. 22 is a front view of still another embodiment of the abrasive wheel according to the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 22, the grinding wheel 610 preferably includes an abrasive region 612 sandwiched between a first support plate 614 and a second support plate 616. Abrasive region 612 has an outer polishing surface 618, which may be a substantially cylindrical band extending around abrasive wheel 610. The grinding wheel 610 has a rotating shaft 623.

The abrasive region 612, like the abrasive region 512 of the grinding wheel 510, has a hard particle or abrasive particle layer 626 surrounded by a binder region 628 and indicated by a dashed line. Further, the edge of the abrasive particle layer 626 is wavy in a sinusoidal shape like the edge of the abrasive particle layer 526, and at least one edge of the abrasive particle layer is perpendicular to the rotation axis. Intersects at least two locations with at least one path formed by the intersection of a flat surface and the polished surface. However, abrasive region 612 is formed from abrasive segment 613, similar to abrasive segment 113 of grinding wheel 110. Each segment 613 has a curved abrasive particle layer, i.e., an abrasive particle layer 626 that undulates like a sine wave. Further, as with the grinding wheel 510, the peak of the edge of any first abrasive particle layer may be different from any other abrasive particles located adjacent and above the edge of the first abrasive particle layer. It can extend to a point at the same level or higher in the axial direction with the bottom of the edge of the layer. Therefore, similarly to the grinding wheel 510, a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis of the grinding wheel 610 and the abrasive region 612
Crosses (ie, crosses) at least one abrasive particle layer 626. It is also conceivable for the abrasive particle layer 626 to have edges that take on other forms (shapes) such as sawtooth waves or irregular and smooth waves.

The grinding wheel 610 can be formed in substantially the same manner as the grinding wheel 110, except that when forming a laminated sheet, such as the sheet 51 from which the segments 613 are cut, a laminated sheet is formed. The spacer 597 can be substantially the same between the layer and the top punch (top punch) as the punch 84 and between the layer forming the laminated sheet and the bottom punch (bottom punch) as the punch 85. The difference is that the spacer 697 is arranged. The spacers 697 are circumferentially spaced in a circular array (form) similar to the spacers used to form the grinding wheel 510. The position of the spacer 697 adjacent to the top punch (top punch) is shifted in the circumferential direction with respect to the position of the spacer adjacent to the bottom punch (bottom punch). The layers used to form the laminated sheet are then:
Sintered with the spacer. Next, the abrasive material segment 613 can be cut out from the completed laminated sheet as shown in FIG.

Example The following procedure was used to form an abrasive wheel according to the present invention.

Two steel plates were measured with a total plate size of 25.4 cm × 25.4 cm × 0.476 cm thick (10 inches × 10 inches × 3/16 inches thick) and 0.150 degrees on one side. Machined to be tapered. Between these two steel plates (tapered inward facing), 34 alternating layers (alternating) of metal tape cut to a nominal 25.4 cm (10 inch) square and patterned diamond abrasive. Positioned layers, alternating layers, and alternating layers) were aligned.

The metal tape layer consists of a 1: 1 ratio of bronze to cobalt, but with a small amount of low temperature braze and a small amount of organic binders to make the tape manageable. ) Was added. The composition of the slurry used to make the metal tape layer is specified in the table below. The values are given in weight percent relative to the material.

38.28-Cobalt 38.28-Bronze 2.38-Nickel 0.195-Chromium 0.195-Phosphorus 17.74-1.5 / 1 MEK / Toluene 1.387- -Polyvinyl butyral 0.527-Polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 200-0.877-Dioctyl phthalate 0.132-Corn oil

The tapes were molded so that the areal density when dried was about 0.15 grams / cm ² (1 gram / square inch).

To form a layer of diamond abrasive particles, pressure-sensitive commercially available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (St. Paul, Minn.) Under the name of Scotch ™ brand adhesive tape About 10 glues
It was provided on one side of an open mesh screen made of 0.48 mm diameter steel wire (stainless wire) with 7 μm openings and 165 openings per square inch. Approximately 170/200 mesh diamond abrasive particles were dropped onto a screen opening in a 20.32 cm (8 inch) radius ring pattern such that the diamond adhered to the tape. This caused the majority of the screen opening to be occupied by diamond particles. After applying the radial pattern of diamond, all remaining exposed areas were filled with small grains of steel. A screen filled with abrasive particles and a flexible sheet of metal powder were stacked together to form a laminated composite.
After a metal tape and an abrasive layer were provided between the plates to form a layer, this portion was sintered as shown in the table below.

[0075]

[Table 1]

Once the final part had cooled, a 25.4 cm × 25.4 cm plate was machined to remove the diamond abrasive area in the form of a round wheel body. The wheel body was then balanced and finally dressed by adjusting the diameter to 20 inches (8 inches). Appropriate mounting holes were also made.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Will recognize.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an abrasive (for polishing) grinding wheel having an inclined polishing surface (abrasive surface, abrasive surface) according to the present invention.

2 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 1, taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 1, showing an abrasive particle layer in an abrasive region thereof.

FIG. 4 is a partial side view showing a cross section of an abrasive (polishing) grinding wheel grinding (polishing) a workpiece (workpiece), and a bonding (joining) region on a polishing surface of the grinding wheel; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how the abrasive particle layer between the two can form groove marks on the grinding wheel and the workpiece.

FIG. 5a is a partial front view of an abrasive sheet that can be used to manufacture the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 1, exaggeratingly illustrating abrasive particles and an abrasive particle layer for illustration.

FIG. 5b is a partial front view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 1, exaggeratedly illustrating an abrasive particle layer inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a laminated block that can form the abrasive (for polishing) grinding wheel shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a laminated sheet on which an abrasive (for polishing) region of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 1 can be formed.

8 is an exploded front view of a laminated sheet according to an example as shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a top view of a porous material according to a first embodiment that can be used to manufacture the laminated sheet shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a top view of a porous material according to a second embodiment that can be used to manufacture the laminated sheet shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of an abrasive (for polishing) grinding wheel provided with an abrasive segment having an abrasive particle layer according to the present invention.

12 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 11, taken along the line 12-12 in FIG. 11;

13 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 12, taken along the line 13-13 in FIG. 12;

14 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 12, taken along the line 14-14 in FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a top cross-sectional view of a grinding wheel according to another embodiment of the present invention, cut along the same cutting line as in FIG. 12;

16 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 15, taken along the line 16-16 in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a front view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 11, which is exaggerated to show abrasive particles and an abrasive particle layer.

FIG. 18 is a front view of a third embodiment of an abrasive (polishing) grinding wheel having stacked abrasive (polishing) segments according to the present invention.

19 is a sectional view of the grinding wheel shown in FIG. 18, taken along line 19-19 in FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a front view of another embodiment of the abrasive (polishing) grinding wheel according to the present invention having a polishing surface in which the axial direction (axial position) of the abrasive particle layer is changed.

21 is a perspective view of a spacer that can be used to manufacture the grinding wheel shown in FIG.

FIG. 22 is a front view of another embodiment of an abrasive (polishing) grinding wheel according to the present invention having a polishing surface formed from abrasive segments.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE ), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE , KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN, YU, ZW (72) Inventor Gary M. Palmglen St., Minnesota 55133-3427 USA Paul, Post Office Box 33427 (72) Inventor J. B. Preston United States 55133-3427 Minnesota, St. Paul, Post Office Box 33427 F-term (reference) BD01 BH10 CC02 FF03 FF09 FF18

Claims (33)

[Claims] 1. A grinding wheel capable of being rotated about a rotating shaft, comprising: means for forming a rotating shaft; An abrasive region formed from a plurality of abrasive particle layers having a polishing surface extending in a direction, wherein each of the abrasive particle layers extends along at least a portion of a circumference of the polishing surface and has a polishing surface. Any circular intersection that extends in the radial direction of the abrasive region from the surface of the abrasive region toward the rotation axis direction and intersects a surface perpendicular to the rotation axis and the entire circumference of the polishing surface is formed by the plurality of abrasive particle layers. A grinding wheel intersecting with at least one of the following. 2. The grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of abrasive particle layers are substantially flat and parallel to each other. 3. The grinding wheel according to claim 1, further comprising a first support plate and a second support plate, wherein the abrasive region is provided between the first support plate and the second support plate. car. 4. A surface substantially parallel to the abrasive particle layer,
4. The grinding wheel according to claim 3, wherein the angle is within an angle range that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees. 5. The abrasive material region includes a first surface and a second surface substantially parallel to the first surface, wherein the first surface and the second surface are different from each other. 5. The grinding wheel according to claim 4, wherein each of the wheels is inclined at an angle within a range of more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees with respect to the rotation axis. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one first abrasive particle layer of said plurality of abrasive particle layers is arranged such that at least one of said circular intersections intersects said first abrasive particle layer at at least three positions. The grinding wheel for polishing according to claim 1, which extends along the polishing surface. 7. A polishing material region, comprising: a first support plate forming an axially outer surface; a second support plate forming the axially outer surface; A polishing segment provided circumferentially at intervals to form a first support plate and a second support plate, each polishing segment comprising a plurality of abrasive particle layers. The grinding wheel for polishing according to claim 1. 8. The plurality of polishing particle layers in at least one of the plurality of polishing segments, wherein at least one of the plurality of polishing particle layers in at least one of the plurality of polishing segments comprises the plurality of polishing particles in at least another one of the plurality of polishing segments. 8. The grinding wheel for polishing according to claim 7, wherein the grinding wheel is displaced in the axial direction with respect to at least one abrasive particle layer of the particle layer. 9. The grinding wheel according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of abrasive particle layers in each of the plurality of abrasive segments extend substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis. 10. At least one of the plurality of abrasive particle layers in each of the plurality of abrasive segments is separated from an adjacent abrasive particle layer in the same abrasive segment by a separation perpendicular to each abrasive particle layer. The polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein at least one separation distance in at least one of the plurality of polishing segments is different from at least one separation distance in at least another one of the plurality of polishing segments. Grinding wheel. 11. At least one opening provided in the polishing surface, a first channel located radially inward with respect to the polishing surface, and a first channel communicating with the opening, A second channel having an opening in the interior of the grinding wheel, wherein the second channel is located in a central region thereof; and the first channel extends from the first channel to the second channel. At least one radial channel in communication with the second channel, wherein during rotation, the fluid lubricant supplied by applying pressure to the first channel passes through the radial channel and has a circular shape. 8. The grinding wheel according to claim 7, wherein the grinding wheel flows into the channel and a fluid lubricant is supplied to the polishing surface through the opening. 12. One of the polishing segments extends over one outer peripheral portion of the polishing surface and is formed of a plurality of axial segments, wherein the plurality of axial segments are arranged in the axial direction. The grinding wheel according to claim 7, wherein the grinding wheels are stacked adjacent to each other and provided between the first support plate and the second support plate. 13. The abrasive grain layer of at least one of the plurality of abrasive grain layers in at least one of the plurality of abrasive segments intersects the circular intersection at at least two positions. A grinding wheel according to claim 7. 14. The polishing surface according to claim 1, wherein said polishing surface has a convex polishing profile.
The grinding wheel for polishing described. 15. The grinding wheel of claim 1 wherein said polishing surface has a concave polishing profile. 16. A polishing wheel connected to a rotary tool and capable of being rotated about a rotary axis, means for forming a rotary axis of the polishing wheel, and substantially cylindrical. A polishing region having a shape and a plurality of polishing particle layers, and each polishing particle layer extends along at least a part of the outer periphery of the polishing surface,
A grinding wheel for grinding extending at least in a radial direction of a polishing region, wherein the plurality of abrasive particle layers form an angle within a range of more than 0 degree and less than 180 degrees with respect to a rotation axis. 17. The polishing region includes a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface and the second surface are substantially the same as the plurality of abrasive particle layers. 17. The grinding wheel according to claim 16, wherein the grinding wheel is parallel to the axis of rotation and is inclined at an angle within a range of more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees with respect to the rotation axis. 18. The polishing apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a first support plate and a second support plate, wherein the polishing region is provided between the first support plate and the second support plate. Grinding wheel for polishing. 19. The polishing area according to claim 18, wherein the polishing area comprises a single laminated block.
The grinding wheel for polishing described. 20. A grinding wheel for polishing which can be rotated about a rotation axis, means for forming a rotation axis, a first support plate, a second support plate, and an upper support. A substantially cylindrical abrasive region formed between the plate and the lower support plate and formed from a plurality of individual abrasive segments, each of the abrasive segments having at least a periphery of a polishing surface. A plurality of polishing particle layers extending along a part thereof, wherein at least one of the plurality of polishing particle layers in at least one of the plurality of polishing segments is the plurality of polishing segments. Of at least one of the plurality of abrasive particle layers in at least one other polishing segment is shifted in the rotation axis direction. Polish for the grinding wheel. 21. The polishing wheel according to claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of abrasive particle layers in each of the plurality of polishing segments extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis. car. 22. Further, at least one opening provided on the polishing surface, a first channel provided radially inside the plurality of polishing segments and communicating with the opening, and an inside of the polishing wheel. And a second channel provided in a central region thereof, and at least one radial channel extending from the first channel to the second channel and communicating with the first channel and the second channel. When the grinding wheel rotates, the fluid lubricant supplied by applying pressure to the first channel flows through the radial channel into the second channel, and is supplied to the polishing surface through the opening. 21. The grinding wheel for polishing according to claim 20, wherein the grinding wheel can be used. 23. One of the polishing segments extends over a portion of the perimeter of the polishing surface and is formed from a plurality of axial segments, the plurality of axial segments being the first support segment. 21. The grinding wheel for polishing according to claim 20, wherein the grinding wheel is provided adjacent to each other in the axial direction between the plate and the second support plate. 24. A method of manufacturing a grinding wheel for rotating about a rotation axis, the method comprising: providing an abrasive sheet having a plurality of abrasive particle layers; Forming a substantially cylindrical grinding wheel having a shaped polishing region, wherein the layer of abrasive particles extends along at least a portion of a periphery of a polishing surface and the substantially cylindrical shaped grinding region. Extending from the polishing surface toward the center of the grinding wheel in the radial direction of the grinding wheel, and forming a rotating shaft for the grinding wheel, wherein the abrasive particle layer is more than 0 degree with respect to the rotating shaft. Forming the grinding wheel rotation axis such that the angle is within an angle range that is greater than and less than 180 degrees. 25. The step of supplying the abrasive sheet further comprises alternately stacking a plurality of abrasive particle layers on a plurality of binder layers, and sintering the plurality of abrasive particle layers together with the plurality of binder layers. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising the step of forming an abrasive sheet. 26. The abrasive sheet is fixed between the first and second support plates by sintering the abrasive sheet between the first support plate and the second support plate. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising the step of: 27. A method of manufacturing a grinding wheel for rotating about a rotation axis, the method comprising providing a plurality of polishing segments, each polishing segment forming a polishing surface. A step of extending the abrasive particle layer along at least a portion of a periphery of a grinding wheel, the plurality of polishing segments comprising: a first support plate, a second support plate, And at least one of the plurality of abrasive particle layers in at least one of the plurality of polishing segments is at least one other of the plurality of polishing segments. The plurality of polishing segments are attached to the first support plate and the second support plate so that at least one of the plurality of abrasive particle layers in Method comprising the steps of fixing between the lifting plate. 28. The step of supplying the plurality of polishing segments includes forming at least one first abrasive sheet having a plurality of abrasive particle layers, and cutting out the plurality of polishing segments from the first laminated sheet. By
28. The method of claim 27, comprising forming a plurality of polishing segments. 29. The step of forming at least one first abrasive sheet, comprising: alternately stacking a plurality of abrasive particle layers on a plurality of binder layers; and applying the plurality of abrasive particle layers to the plurality of binder layers. Forming a laminated sheet by sintering with the layers. 30. A step of alternately overlaying a plurality of abrasive particle layers on a plurality of binder layers, and arranging the plurality of abrasive particle layers and the plurality of binder layers between the first support plate and the second support plate. , A plurality of abrasive particle layers, a plurality of binder layers, and a step of disposing a plurality of spacers at intervals between the first support plate; (2) arranging a plurality of spacers at an interval between the support plate and the support plate; and applying a pressure to the plurality of abrasive particle layers in a wave-like pattern by the plurality of spacers, A method of manufacturing a grinding wheel, comprising: sintering an abrasive particle layer, the plurality of binder layers, the plurality of spacers, the first support plate, and the second support plate. 31. A grinding wheel for polishing, comprising: a peripheral edge having a polishing surface; at least one opening provided in the polishing surface; and a first channel located radially inward with respect to the polishing surface. A first channel communicating with the opening, an opening inside the grinding wheel, a second channel located in a central region thereof, and a first channel extending from the second channel to the first channel. A fluid lubricant provided by applying pressure to the first channel and flowing through the radial channel into the second channel, the fluid lubricant comprising at least one radial channel communicating with the channel and the second channel; A grinding wheel for polishing that can be supplied to the polishing surface through the opening. 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising a first circular surface, and a second circular surface facing the first circular surface, wherein the second channel includes an opening in the first circular surface, thereby providing a fluid lubricant. 36. The grinding wheel according to claim 31, wherein the opening can be supplied to the second channel through the opening. 33. The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising a centrally provided bore, wherein said second channel has an opening to said bore, whereby fluid lubricant is supplied to said second channel through said opening. 33. The grinding wheel for polishing according to claim 32, wherein the grinding wheel can be used.