JP2002316542A - Driving gear for hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a driving gear by a comparatively simple structure for a hybrid vehicle which can make running of EV series/parallel mode. SOLUTION: This driving gear for a hybrid vehicle has an engine 1, a generator 3, and an electric motor 4 for driving a driving wheel, to output partly an output of the engine 1 to the generator 3 and the rest of the output to the driving wheel through planetary gears 2 and an output gear 5a, the driving gear connects a carrier of the planetary gears 2 to an output shaft of the engine, and a sun gear to a rotary shaft of the generator, and a ring gear to the output gear through a rotation transmitting direction regulating means not transmitting rotation to the output gear in its reverse direction from the ring gear but transmitting rotation to the output gear from the ring gear, and a brake 10 which can connect/disconnect rotation of the ring gear relating to a case is provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drive system for a hybrid vehicle which can be switched between a parallel hybrid and a series hybrid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional devices of this type include, for example,
The one described in JP-A-2000-209706 is known.

[0003] In the above source, the engine is connected to the carrier of the planetary gear unit, the motor (generator) is connected to the sun gear, the motor and the axle are connected to the ring gear, and a clutch is provided between the planetary gear unit and the motor to disconnect and connect the two. It is possible. Further, a brake for fixing the ring gear when the clutch is disengaged is provided. The configuration of the parallel hybrid vehicle is realized by engaging the clutch and releasing the brake, and the series hybrid vehicle is realized by releasing the clutch and fixing the ring gear with the brake.

[0004]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-described conventional hybrid vehicle drive device includes a clutch provided between the planetary gear device and the electric motor, a brake for fixing the ring gear, and connection and disconnection of the two clutches and the brake by hydraulic pressure, thereby providing a parallel hybrid and a series hybrid. Because it has a structure to switch between
The arrangement of the two hydraulic clutches and the brake increases the size of the device.

Further, if the clutch and the brake are coupled together during traveling, the device is locked. To prevent this, the hydraulic circuit is provided with a fail-safe function or complicated control is performed. I have to do it.

Further, the motor connected to the sun gear mainly acts as a generator, and can be operated as a motor only during high-speed operation. Therefore, starting must be performed only by the motor connected to the axle. However, there is a problem that a large-capacity electric motor is required to obtain a sufficient driving force.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned technical problems of the prior art, and provides a drive device for a hybrid vehicle having both a parallel type and a series type with a relatively simple structure. That is.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an engine, a generator, and an electric motor for driving a driving wheel, and a part of the output of the engine through a planetary gear unit and an output gear. In a hybrid vehicle drive device that outputs the remainder to the drive wheels, a carrier of the planetary gear device is connected to an output shaft of the engine, and a sun gear of the planetary gear device is connected to a rotation shaft of the generator, The ring gear of the planetary gear device is connected to the output gear via a one-way clutch that transmits rotation from the ring gear to the output gear but does not transmit rotation in the opposite direction, and rotates the ring gear to a case. It is characterized by comprising a brake means capable of connecting and disconnecting.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the brake means is constituted by a hydraulic brake.

According to a third aspect, in the first aspect, the brake means is constituted by an electromagnetic brake.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the brake means is constituted by a clutch having a function of idling rotation of the ring gear and a function of preventing rotation of the ring gear with respect to the case. Is what you do.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first to fourth aspects, a reverse rotation preventing mechanism is provided on an output shaft of the engine.

According to a sixth aspect, in the first to fifth aspects, an oil pump is provided on a rotation shaft of the output gear via a reverse rotation preventing mechanism.

According to a seventh aspect, in the first to fifth aspects, an oil pump is provided on a rotating shaft of the generator via a first reverse rotation preventing mechanism, and a second reverse rotation is provided on the rotating shaft of the output gear. An oil pump is provided via a prevention mechanism.

[0015]

In the hybrid vehicle equipped with the drive device according to the present invention, the vehicle starts when the engine is stopped by the forward or reverse rotation of the electric motor. At this time, the generator does not operate and is in a stopped state.

When the engine is started, a brake means (friction brake or the like) for connecting / disconnecting the rotation of the ring gear of the planetary gear unit to / from the case is engaged, and the generator is operated as a starter. The driving force of the generator (starter) is transmitted to the engine via the planetary gear device, and the engine is started.
A one-way clutch that transmits rotation from the ring gear to the output gear but does not transmit rotation in the opposite direction is arranged between the output gear and the ring gear, so that while the vehicle is running with the electric motor, the rotation of the ring gear is braked. Locking does not occur even if the means is fixed by fastening, and rotation of the output gear is not affected.

After the engine is started, if the brake means is kept in the engaged state, the generator can be driven by the driving force of the engine to generate electric power. Becomes possible. The capacity of the generator and the motor are set to the same level, the engine is operated in the optimal efficiency state to generate power, and the obtained power is supplied directly to the motor without the intervention of a battery, thereby reducing the capacity and size of the battery. . In addition, since the vehicle runs only on the electric motor without assisting the vehicle driving force from the engine, the electric motor can be operated under a high load state, and the electric motor can be operated in an efficient state.

If it is not possible to obtain the driving force required for traveling with the electric motor alone, the brake means is released,
By controlling the output of the engine, the rotation and the absorption torque of the generator according to the running conditions, the generator and the planetary gear unit act as a continuously variable transmission, and the remaining output of the engine output used for power generation is Parallel traveling in which the vehicle driving force is transmitted to the driving wheels becomes possible. Since the driving force can be generated by both the electric motor output and the engine output, a driving device for a hybrid vehicle that only runs in series,
The size of the electric motor can be reduced.

Also, in any of the series and parallel running modes, during deceleration, the battery can be charged as regenerative power by operating the motor as a generator during deceleration.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to switch between series running and parallel running by connecting and disconnecting only the brake means, and a drive system for a hybrid vehicle that makes use of the characteristics of both the series type and the parallel type. Can be realized with a relatively simple structure without requiring complicated control and without increasing the size of the apparatus.

Incidentally, the brake means can be constituted by a hydraulic brake (second invention). In this case, the hydraulic brake generated by the oil pump can
Open. Further, the brake means may be constituted by an electromagnetic brake (third invention). In this case, the application and release of the brake are performed by controlling the electric power supplied to the electromagnetic brake. Therefore, there is an advantage that a high-pressure hydraulic pump is not required.

Further, the brake means may be constituted by a bidirectional clutch (fourth invention). in this case,
Direction of rotation restriction at engine start, direction of rotation restriction during series operation, and neutral (open) during parallel operation
The state is switched by an electric actuator. Therefore,
Not only does a high-pressure hydraulic pump not be required, but also the rotation is mechanically performed, so that there is an advantage that even when the rotation is restricted, power is not required and power consumption is suppressed.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a reverse rotation preventing mechanism (for example, a one-way reverse rotation preventing clutch) is inserted between the output shaft of the engine and the case, so that the engine does not rotate reversely when the engine is stopped. The generator can be operated as an electric motor, and the driving force can be obtained from the two electric motors, so that the running performance of the electric vehicle can be improved.

According to the sixth aspect, when the brake means is a hydraulic brake for lubricating each rotary element, an oil pump for operating the hydraulic brake can be further provided on the rotary shaft of the output gear. . Thus, the oil pump can be driven by the electric motor when the engine is stopped and by the engine when the engine is running, and a new oil pump drive source is not required. In addition, since a reverse rotation preventing mechanism (for example, a one-way reverse rotation preventing clutch) is interposed between the output gear shaft and the oil pump, it is possible to prevent the oil pump from being driven in the reverse direction during retreat. .

According to the seventh aspect, when the brake means is a hydraulic brake, the hydraulic brake is operated via a reverse rotation preventing mechanism such as a reverse rotation preventing one-way clutch on the rotating shaft of the generator. Oil pump,
Further, an oil pump for lubricating each rotating element can be provided on the rotating shaft of the output gear via a reverse rotation preventing mechanism. Thus, when the engine is started by the electric motor at the time of traveling, the oil pump can be driven by using the generator as the electric motor, so that the driving force of the electric motor does not decrease. Further, since the oil pump for lubrication is disposed on the rotation shaft of the output gear, the oil pump is also driven as the vehicle travels, so that lubricating oil can be sent to each rotating element (lubricating portion).

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example in which a drive device according to the present invention is applied to a front-wheel drive hybrid vehicle. In FIG. 1, 1 is an engine, 2 is a planetary gear device, 3 is a generator, and 4 is a drive or regenerative device. The electric motors 8R and 8L are drive wheels (front wheels).

The output shaft 1a of the engine 1 is
The planetary gear 2P is connected to a carrier 2C that supports the planetary gear 2P. The sun gear 2S of the planetary gear device 2 is connected to a generator 3. The ring gear 2R of the planetary gear device 2 is provided with a brake 10 as a brake means for connecting and disconnecting the rotation of the ring gear 2R to and from the case 9. When the brake 10 is engaged, the relative rotation between the ring gear 2R and the case 9 is reduced. Can be regulated.

The ring gear 2R is connected to an output gear 5a via a one-way clutch 11 as a rotation transmission direction regulating means.
It is connected to. By interposing the one-way clutch 11, the rotation is transmitted from the ring gear 2R to the output gear 5a, but the rotation is not transmitted in the opposite direction.

The driving force transmitted from the engine 1 to the output gear 5a is transmitted to the idler gear 5b, the final pinion 6
a, final ring gear 6b and drive shaft 7
It is transmitted to drive wheels 8R and 8L via R and 7L. Further, the driving force from the electric motor 4 is also transmitted from the electric motor output gear 5c to the idler gear 5b, and then transmitted to the driving wheels 8R and 8L through the same path.

The generator 3 and the motor 4 are controlled by a controller (not shown) via each driver circuit.
The controller includes a vehicle speed signal, an engine speed signal,
A throttle opening signal, a battery SOC (charge state) signal, a brake signal, a shift lever position signal, a backlight signal, and the like are input.

Next, the specific control content and its operation will be described.

At the time of starting, it is determined from the shift lever position signal and the backlight signal whether the vehicle is moving forward or backward, and the motor 4 is operated in a desired direction. The driving force of the electric motor 4 includes a motor output gear 5c, an idler gear 5b,
The left and right driving wheels 8 are driven through the final pinion 6a, the final ring gear 6b, and the drive shafts 7R and 7L.
R, 8L. At this time, the generator 3 is stopped without operating.

The engine 1 is started by operating the generator 3 as a starter. When the brake 10 is engaged and the generator 3 is operated as an electric motor, the driving force is reduced by the planetary gear device 2 and transmitted to the engine 1 via the carrier 2C and the engine output shaft 1a, and the engine 1 is started. Is done. Starting the engine 1
The same operation can be performed when the vehicle is stopped and when the electric motor 4 is running.

After the engine is started, while the vehicle can run with only the driving force of the electric motor 4, the brake 10 is kept engaged, and the vehicle speed signal, the output of the electric motor 4, the throttle opening signal, the battery S
Judging from the OC signal, the engine 1 is operated in an optimum efficiency state, and the generator 3 generates electric power with the driving force. The obtained electric power is directly supplied to the electric motor 4 without passing through a battery (not shown). At this time, the excess electric power is controlled to be stored in the battery.

On the other hand, when the electric motor 4 alone cannot provide the driving force required for traveling, the brake 10 is released, and the vehicle speed signal, the output of the electric motor 4, the throttle opening signal,
Judging from the engine rotation speed signal and the battery SOC signal, the engine 1 is operated in an optimum efficiency state, and the generator 3 generates electric power with a part of its driving force. At this time, the remaining driving force is transmitted from the ring gear 2R of the planetary gear device 2 to the output gear 5a, and transmitted to the driving wheels 8R, 8L via the idler gear 5b, the final pinion 6a, the final ring gear 6b, and the drive shafts 7R, 7L. Is done. The driving force of the electric motor 4 is also transmitted from the electric motor output gear 5c to the drive wheels 8R and 8L via the idler gear 5b, the final pinion 6a, the final ring gear 6b, and the drive shafts 7R and 7L. Therefore, the driving wheel 8
The R and 8L are driven by both the engine 1 and the electric motor 4, so that a large driving force required for running the vehicle can be obtained.

In any of the above driving states,
At the time of deceleration, the motor 4 acts as a generator to regenerate deceleration energy and charge the battery with the electric power.

As described above, in the hybrid vehicle drive device according to the present invention, the hybrid vehicle drive device capable of performing both the series and the parallel running modes does not require complicated control, and is relatively simple. It can be obtained with a simple structure, and the need for a fail-safe function for preventing the vehicle from locking as required in the prior art is eliminated. Further, since the generator is not entrained during the EV mode running, there is an advantage that power loss due to the generator does not occur.

Further, by switching the series and parallel traveling modes according to the traveling state, the engine and the electric motor can be operated efficiently, and the fuel efficiency can be improved. Further, since the characteristics of both the series system and the parallel system can be utilized, there is an advantage that the capacity or size of the electric motor or the battery can be reduced.

Incidentally, the brake 10 can be constituted by a hydraulic brake.
Opening is performed by hydraulic pressure generated by an oil pump. Further, the brake 10 can be constituted by an electromagnetic brake. In this case, the engagement and release of the brake 10 are performed by controlling the electric power supplied to the brake 10. If the brake 10 is constituted by an electromagnetic brake instead of a hydraulic brake, there is an advantage that a high-pressure hydraulic pump becomes unnecessary.

Further, as shown in FIG.
Instead, the clutch 16 may have a function of idling the rotation of the ring gear and a function of preventing the ring gear from rotating with respect to the case. Hereinafter, a case where a two-way clutch such as an electromagnetic mechanical clutch described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-159544 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 3, the two-way clutch has a roller 50, a retainer 51, a connecting member 57, an outer race 91, and an inner race 92, and the outer race 91 and the inner race 92 are excited by an electromagnetic coil. Select the fastening state and the release state. In this structure, the outer race 91 is fixed to the case 9, and the inner race 92 is connected to the ring gear 2R of the planetary gear device 2.

When the electromagnetic coil is not energized, the connecting member 57 is cut out of the holder 51 as shown in FIG.
A, located in the middle of 51A. At this intermediate position, the roller 50 is not in contact with the outer race 91, the outer race 91 and the inner race 92 can rotate relative to each other, and the ring gear 2R of the planetary gear device 2 is released from the case 9.

On the other hand, when the electromagnetic coil is excited, as shown in FIG. 3, when the inner race 92 is rotating clockwise in the figure, the coupling member 57 is excited by the excitation of the electromagnetic coil.
Rotates counterclockwise, and as shown in FIG.
7A presses notch 51A of retainer 51 counterclockwise.

By the rotation of the retainer 51 in the counterclockwise direction, the roller 50 is moved from the central portion to a plane deviated in the counterclockwise direction from the center on the plane around the inner race 92 as shown in FIG. When the roller 50 contacts the outer race 91, the roller 50 rotates to rotate the inner race 92 and the outer race 9.
1, the inner race 92 and the outer race 9
1 (case 9) is engaged, and the ring gear 2R of the planetary gear device 2 is braked.

That is, the rotation restriction direction at the time of engine start, the rotation restriction direction at the time of series operation, and the neutral (open) state at the time of parallel operation are switched by the excitation state (electric actuator) of the electromagnetic coil. As a result, in addition to eliminating the need for a high-pressure hydraulic pump, there is also an advantage that power is not required even when the rotation is restricted because the rotation is mechanically performed.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a one-way reverse rotation preventing direction between the engine output shaft 1a and the case 9 allowing only rotation of the engine output shaft 1a in the engine rotation direction. It differs from the first embodiment in that a clutch 12 (reverse rotation prevention mechanism) is interposed. Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals.

By providing such a reverse rotation preventing one-way clutch 12, when the generator 3 is reversely rotated as an electric motor when the engine is stopped, the carrier 2C and the engine output shaft 1a do not rotate with respect to the case 9, and the engine 1
The torque of the electric motor 3 is transmitted to the output gear 5a via the sun gear 2S, the planetary gear 2P, and the ring gear 2R without being rotated reversely, and is transmitted via the idler gear 5b, the final pinion 6a, the final ring gear 6b, and the drive shafts 7R and 7L. The power is transmitted to the drive wheels 8R and 8L.

The driving force of the motor 4 is also changed from the motor output gear 5c to the idler gear 5b, the final pinion 6a,
Final ring gear 6b and drive shaft 7R,
It is transmitted to drive wheels 8R and 8L via 7L.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the driving forces of the two electric motors can be simultaneously transmitted to the driving wheels, and in addition to the effects of the previous embodiment, the power performance of the electric vehicle can be improved. .

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. An oil pump 13 used to supply lubricating oil to each rotating element or to supply hydraulic pressure necessary for operating the brake 10 when the brake 10 is a hydraulic brake is provided by a rotary shaft 14 of the output gear 5a. The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the first embodiment is provided via a reverse rotation prevention one-way clutch 13a (reverse rotation prevention mechanism). Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The oil pump 13 is driven by the electric motor 4 when the engine 1 is stopped and the electric motor 4 runs, and is driven by the engine 1 when the engine 1 runs.

Therefore, in this embodiment, in addition to the effects of the above embodiment, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to separately provide a drive source for the oil pump. Further, since the one-way clutch 13a for preventing reverse rotation is provided between the output gear shaft 14 and the oil pump 13, it is possible to prevent the oil pump 13 from being reversely rotated when the vehicle retreats.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The brake 10 is constituted by a hydraulic brake, and a one-way clutch 15a for preventing reverse rotation is attached to the rotating shaft 3a of the generator 3.
A high-pressure oil pump 15 for operating the brake 10 is provided via a (reverse rotation preventing mechanism), and lubrication of each rotating element is further provided on the output gear shaft 14 via a reverse rotation preventing one-way clutch 13a as a reverse rotation preventing mechanism. Is different from that of the first embodiment in that a low-pressure oil pump 13 is provided. Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In this embodiment, when the engine 1 is started during running by the electric motor 4, the oil pump 15 is driven with the generator 3 as the electric motor, and the hydraulic brake 10 is engaged with the hydraulic pressure generated thereby. On the other hand, an oil pump 13 for lubrication installed on the rotation shaft 14 of the output gear 5a
Is driven as the vehicle travels, and lubricating oil is sent to each rotating element.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the electric motor 4
When the engine 1 is started at the time of traveling, the oil pump 15 can be driven by using the generator 3 as an electric motor. Even when the engine 1 is started while the electric motor 4 is traveling, the traveling driving force by the electric motor 4 is reduced. There is an effect that it does not decrease.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a front-wheel drive hybrid vehicle drive device according to the present invention (first embodiment).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a modification (an example using a bidirectional clutch) of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of a bidirectional clutch.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 engine 1a engine output shaft 2 planetary gear device 2S sun gear 2P planetary gear 2C carrier 2R ring gear 3 generator 3a generator rotation shaft 4 motor 5a output gear 5b idler gear 5c motor output gear 6 final gear 6a final pinion 6b final ring gear 7L 7R Front wheel left / right drive shaft 8L, 8R Front wheel left / right wheel 9 Case 10 Brake (hydraulic brake or electromagnetic brake) 11 One-way clutch 12 Engine one-way clutch to prevent reverse rotation 13 Oil pump 13a One-way clutch to prevent reverse rotation of oil pump 14 Output gear shaft 15 Oil Pump 15a Oil pump reverse rotation prevention one-way clutch 16 Two-way clutch 50 Roller 51 Cage 57 Connecting member 91 Outer race 92 Inner race

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F-term (reference) QE01 QE02 QE03 QI04 QI07 RB08 RE12 SE04 SE05 SE08 TB01 TE02 TE03 TI02 TO30

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A hybrid having an engine, a generator, and an electric motor for driving driving wheels, and outputting a part of the engine output to the generator and the remaining output to the driving wheels via a planetary gear unit and an output gear. In the vehicle drive device, a carrier of the planetary gear device is connected to an output shaft of the engine, a sun gear of the planetary gear device is connected to a rotating shaft of the generator, and a ring gear of the planetary gear device is connected to the ring gear from the ring gear. The output gear is connected to the output gear through a one-way clutch that transmits rotation to the output gear but does not transmit rotation in the opposite direction, and includes a brake unit that can connect and disconnect the rotation of the ring gear to and from the case. A drive device for a hybrid vehicle. 2. The drive device for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said brake means comprises a hydraulic brake. 3. The drive apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said brake means comprises an electromagnetic brake. 4. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said brake means is constituted by a clutch having a function of idling rotation of said ring gear and a function of preventing rotation of said ring gear with respect to said case. Drive device. 5. The drive apparatus for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a reverse rotation prevention mechanism is provided on an output shaft of the engine. 6. An oil pump is provided on a rotating shaft of said output gear via a reverse rotation preventing mechanism.
6. The drive device for a hybrid vehicle according to any one of items 1 to 5. 7. An oil pump is provided on a rotating shaft of the generator via a first reverse rotation preventing mechanism, and an oil pump is provided on a rotating shaft of the output gear via a second reverse rotation preventing mechanism. The drive device for a hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: