JP2002200043A - Ophthalmic instrument and ophthalmic instrument system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ophthalmia instrument which effectively uses an automatic alignment function to enable the instrument main body to be efficiently aligned even when a subject eye is in a not good condition. SOLUTION: This ophthalmotonometer is equipped with a control circuit 80 to move the instrument main body S equipped with an optical system to measure the subject eye E to align the instrument main body to a subject eye E and a memory 82 to store position information of the instrument main body. The control circuit 80 moves the instrument main body automatically based on the position information stored in the memory 82 to automatically execute the alignment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an ophthalmologic apparatus having an automatic alignment function or an automatic focusing function, and an ophthalmologic apparatus system having such an ophthalmic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an ophthalmologic apparatus having a so-called automatic alignment function, an alignment index light is projected onto a subject's eye to be examined, and the reflected light is guided to a position detection sensor. By detecting the relative position of the measuring unit, etc., and automatically moving the apparatus body so that the relative position satisfies a predetermined standard,
A device that performs the alignment is known (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-285444).

In such an ophthalmologic apparatus, an examiner first operates a joystick or the like while looking at a viewfinder or a monitor to manually move the apparatus main body, and roughly aligns the apparatus main body with the eye to be examined. When the rough alignment is performed, the above-described automatic alignment function is operated to finely move the apparatus main body, and after the alignment is considered to be completed, measurement or the like by the apparatus main body is automatically started.

[0004]

However, for example, when the corneal surface of the eye to be examined is rough and the condition is not good, a plurality of light spots are supposed to be detected as one corneal reflected light beam. A light spot to be detected, a light spot to be clearly detected may be blurred, or a light spot having a shape different from a predetermined shape may be detected. In such a case, the function of the ophthalmologic apparatus having the automatic alignment function does not operate normally, and there is a possibility that measurement, photographing, or the like is started in a state where the apparatus main body is moved to an inappropriate position.

On the other hand, for example, as described in JP-A-11-318828, a light quantity detection sensor is provided in addition to the position detection sensor, and measurement is started unless both the position detection sensor and the light quantity detection sensor determine that the alignment is completed. By adopting a configuration that is not performed, it is possible to avoid such a measurement in the incomplete alignment state.However, since the alignment operation is interrupted without the measurement or the like in this state, it is necessary to perform alignment again from the beginning. There is a need. Such re-execution of automatic alignment may lead to the same result again, so it is desirable to be able to perform manual alignment.However, it is necessary to perform manual alignment every time a measurement is performed on a subject for which automatic alignment is difficult. Is not preferable from the viewpoint of work efficiency.

[0006] Further, as an ophthalmologic apparatus having a so-called automatic focusing function, a focusing index light is projected on an eye to be examined of a subject,
It is known that the reflected light is detected and the focusing lens is automatically moved, but even in such an ophthalmic apparatus, when the condition of the eye to be examined is not good, the automatic focusing function normally operates. May not be done.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and effectively utilizes an automatic alignment function or an automatic focusing function to improve alignment or focusing even when the condition of the eye to be examined is not good. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ophthalmologic apparatus that can be performed efficiently and an ophthalmologic apparatus system including such an ophthalmologic apparatus.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is to perform alignment of an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected with respect to the eye to be inspected. An ophthalmologic apparatus comprising a drive mechanism for moving the apparatus main body, wherein when the apparatus main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, first storage means for storing position information of the apparatus main body is provided. Wherein the drive mechanism automatically moves the apparatus main body based on the position information stored in the first storage means, and can automatically execute the alignment.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. When the apparatus main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, first storage means for storing position information of the apparatus main body, and position information stored in the first storage means. First display means for giving a display to the examiner based on the display and guiding the movement of the apparatus body by the examiner so that the alignment is completed.

A third aspect of the present invention is an ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. A first storage unit that stores position information of the apparatus main body when the apparatus main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed; By automatically moving, the automatic alignment mode in which the alignment is automatically performed, the manual alignment mode in which the alignment is manually performed by the examiner manually moving the apparatus body, the drive mechanism By automatically moving the apparatus main body based on the position information stored in the first storage means, the alignment can be performed. Characterized in that it comprises a self automatic alignment mode executed by the motion.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. There is a first index projection means for projecting a first index from the front direction to the subject's eye,
First position detecting means for detecting the position of the cornea in the up, down, left, and right directions from the reflection image of the first index on the corneal surface of the eye to be examined, and projecting the second index from the oblique direction to the eye to be examined. Second index projection means, second position detection means for detecting a position of the cornea in a working distance direction from a reflection image of the second index on the corneal surface, and the apparatus body is manually moved to perform the alignment. And a second storage means for storing position information of the apparatus main body in up, down, left and right directions, wherein the first position detection means has preset position information or the second storage means. Means for detecting the position of the cornea in the vertical and horizontal directions based on any of the position information stored in the means, and the drive mechanism detects the first position detection means based on the position information stored in the second storage means Detection results, Moving automatically the device body based on the detection result of the second position detecting means is corrected by the detection result of the first position detecting means, wherein the executable said alignment automatically by.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. There is a first index projection means for projecting a first index from the front direction to the subject's eye,
First position detecting means for detecting the position of the cornea in the up, down, left, and right directions from the reflection image of the first index on the corneal surface of the eye to be examined, and projecting the second index from the oblique direction to the eye to be examined. Second index projection means, second position detection means for detecting a position of the cornea in a working distance direction from a reflection image of the second index on the corneal surface, and the apparatus body is manually moved to perform the alignment. And a second storage means for storing position information of the apparatus main body in up, down, left and right directions, wherein the first position detection means has preset position information or the second storage means. Detecting the position of the cornea in the vertical and horizontal directions based on any of the position information stored in the means, and the detection result of the first position detecting means based on the position information stored in the second storage means; , The first position detection A second display that issues a display to an examiner based on the detection result of the second position detection unit corrected by the detection result of the unit, and guides the movement of the apparatus body by the examiner so that the alignment is completed. It is characterized by having display means.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a focusing method for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected so as to focus on the eye to be inspected. An ophthalmologic apparatus provided with a mechanism, wherein the focusing lens is manually moved, and when the focusing is performed, a third storage unit for storing position information of the focusing lens; The focusing mechanism automatically moves the focusing lens based on the position information stored in the third storage means, and can automatically execute the focusing.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a focusing device for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected so as to focus on the eye to be inspected. An ophthalmologic apparatus having a mechanism, wherein when the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed, third storage means for storing position information of the focusing lens; Third display means for issuing a display to the examiner based on the position information stored in the storage means, and guiding the movement of the focusing lens by the examiner so that the focusing is completed. Features.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the focusing lens is moved to move the focusing lens provided in the optical system for photographing the eye to be inspected so as to focus on the eye to be inspected. An ophthalmologic apparatus provided with a mechanism, wherein the focusing lens is manually moved, and when the focusing is performed, a third storage unit for storing position information of the focusing lens; The focusing mechanism automatically moves the focusing lens based on the initial setting, so that an autofocus mode in which the focusing is automatically performed, and the examiner manually moves the focusing lens to achieve the focusing. The focusing is automatically performed by a manual focus mode in which focusing is performed manually and by the focusing mechanism automatically moving the focusing lens based on the position information stored in the third storage means. Self-O Characterized in that it comprises a focus mode.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. A first data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, the subject's ID is input to the ophthalmic apparatus before the measurement or imaging is started, and the first data server When the alignment is performed by manually moving the device main body, the position information of the device main body is stored in association with the ID, and the drive mechanism stores the position information corresponding to the ID input to the ophthalmic device. An ophthalmologic apparatus system capable of automatically executing the alignment by automatically moving the apparatus body based on the position information when stored in the first data server.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. A second data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, and a first management in which an ID of a subject is input before the measurement or imaging is started, and the ID is transmitted to the second data server. When the alignment is performed by manually moving the device main body in the second data server, position information of the device main body is stored in association with the ID, and the driving mechanism is When position information corresponding to the ID received by the second data server is stored in the second data server, the device body is automatically moved based on the position information, Wherein the ophthalmic device system capable of executing automatically a Raimento.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in order to move a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected and to focus on the eye to be inspected, the focusing lens is moved. An ophthalmic apparatus having a mechanism, and a third data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, wherein the ID of the subject is input to the ophthalmic apparatus before the imaging is started, and the third When the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed in the data server, positional information of the focusing lens is stored in association with the ID, and the focusing mechanism is input to the ophthalmologic apparatus. An ophthalmologic apparatus system capable of automatically executing the focusing by automatically moving the focusing lens based on the position information when the position information corresponding to the set ID is stored in the third data server. It is characterized by.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in order to move a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected and to focus on the eye to be inspected, the focusing lens is moved. An ophthalmic apparatus equipped with a mechanism, a fourth data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, and an ID of a subject is input before the imaging is started, and the ID is transmitted to the fourth data server. And a fourth management server, wherein when the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed, the position information of the focusing lens is associated with the ID. The focusing mechanism automatically moves the focusing lens based on the position information when the position information corresponding to the ID received by the fourth data server is stored in the fourth data server. To focus on the subject. Characterized executable ophthalmologic apparatus system in.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a side view showing an alignment driving mechanism of an intraocular pressure measuring apparatus which is an example of an ophthalmologic apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof. This alignment drive mechanism is provided on a gantry 101 which can be moved back and forth and left and right by operating a control lever 102 such as a joystick on a fixed base 100 having a power supply (not shown) built therein, and moves up and down (Y direction, vertical direction). It comprises a mechanism, a left and right (X direction, horizontal direction) moving mechanism, and a front and rear (Z direction, working distance direction) moving mechanism. In addition, this tonometry apparatus has an auto mode (auto alignment mode) in which the apparatus automatically performs alignment and measurement, a manual mode (manual alignment mode) in which the examiner manually operates, and a self-auto mode (self-auto alignment mode). These modes are switched by a changeover switch (not shown).

The control lever 102 is provided with a manual switch 103 which is used as a measurement start switch in a manual mode.
Dial operation unit 102a for manually controlling the rotation of the dial 4
Is provided.

The vertical moving mechanism is constituted by a motor 104 for raising and lowering provided on the top of the gantry 101 and a column 105 held on the gantry 101 so as to be movable up and down (Y direction). The motor 104 and the column 105 are connected by a pinion and a rack (not shown). The support 105 is moved up and down by a motor 104,
The table 106 is provided at the upper end of the table 5.

The left and right moving mechanism includes a column 107 and a motor 108 provided on the table 106, and a table 1 held at the upper end of the column 107 so as to be slidable in the left and right directions (X direction).
09 and a rack 11 provided at one end of the table 109.
0 and the rack 110 provided on the output shaft of the motor 108.
And a pinion 111 that meshes with.

The forward / backward moving mechanism includes a motor 112 and a support 113 provided on the upper part of the table 109,
2 and a pinion 114 provided on the output shaft
And a case 115 of the apparatus main body S provided at the upper part of the apparatus. The case 115 is slidably held back and forth (Z direction), and a rack 116 is provided on a side of the case 115, and the rack 116 is engaged with the pinion 114.

The motor 104 includes a dial operating unit 102a
In addition to being driven in accordance with the operation of the device main body S, it is also driven by a control signal output from a control circuit 80 described later.
Is used to perform the alignment in the Y direction. The motors 108 and 112 are driven by control signals output from the control circuit 80, and the motor 108 is
Is used to automatically perform the alignment in the X direction, and the motor 112 is used to automatically perform the alignment in the Z direction of the apparatus main body S. The motor 10
For example, stepping motors (pulse motors) capable of position control are used as 4, 108 and 112.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are a side view and a plan view of the optical system housed in the case 115. FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the apparatus main body S includes an anterior ocular segment observation optical system 10 for observing an anterior segment of the eye E, alignment detection in XY directions (up, down, left, and right directions) and an amount of corneal deformation. An XY alignment index projection optical system 20 that projects index light (XY alignment index light) for detection onto the cornea C of the eye E from the front, and a fixation target projection optical system that presents a fixation target to the eye E 30, an XY alignment detecting optical system 4 for receiving the reflected light of the XY alignment index light by the cornea C and detecting the positional relationship between the apparatus main body S and the cornea C in the XY directions.
0, a corneal deformation amount detection optical system 50 that receives the reflected light of the XY alignment index light from the cornea C and detects the amount of deformation of the cornea C, and an index light (Z) for alignment detection in the Z direction (front-back direction). A Z alignment target projection optical system 60 for projecting the alignment target light) onto the cornea C in an oblique direction;
Z alignment detection optics that receives the reflected light of the Z alignment index light from the cornea C from a direction symmetrical with respect to the optical axis O ₁ of the anterior ocular segment observation optical system 10 and detects the positional relationship between the apparatus main body S and the cornea C in the Z direction. And a system 70.

The anterior eye observation optical system 10 is located on the left and right of the eye E to be inspected and directly illuminates the anterior eye.
a, 11b, an airflow blowing nozzle 12 for blowing air to the eye E at the time of measuring intraocular pressure, an anterior segment window glass 13, a chamber window glass 14, a half mirror 15, an objective lens 16, and a half mirror 17 , 18 and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera 19, which have optical axes O _1.
Is placed on top. The airflow blowing nozzle 12 is connected to a cylinder 12b provided with a piston 12a, and the piston 12a is driven by an airflow blowing unit (not shown) to blow air to the cornea C.

The anterior segment image of the eye E illuminated by the anterior segment illumination light sources 11a and 11b
Is formed on the CCD camera 19 through the anterior segment window glass 13, the chamber window glass 14, and the half mirror 15, and through the half mirrors 17, 18 while being focused by the objective lens 16. You.

The XY alignment target projection optical system 20 includes:
An XY alignment light source 21 that emits infrared light, a condenser lens 22, an aperture stop 23, a pinhole plate 24,
It has a dichroic mirror 25, a projection lens 26, a half mirror 15, a chamber window glass 14, and an airflow blowing nozzle 12. The projection lens 26 is arranged on the optical path so that the focal point coincides with the pinhole plate 24.

The infrared light emitted from the XY alignment light source 21 passes through the aperture stop 23 while being focused by the condenser lens 22, and is guided to the pinhole plate 24. The light beam that has passed through the pinhole plate 24 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 25, becomes a parallel light beam by the projection lens 26, is reflected by the half mirror 15, passes through the chamber window glass 14, and passes through the inside of the airflow blowing nozzle 12. To form the XY alignment index light U as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the XY alignment index light U is reflected on the corneal surface T so as to form a bright spot image R at an intermediate position between the vertex P of the cornea C and the center of curvature of the cornea C. Note that the aperture stop 23 has a corneal vertex P with respect to the projection lens 26.
Is provided at a position conjugate with

The fixation target projection optical system 30 includes a fixation target light source 31 that emits visible light, a pinhole plate 32, a dichroic mirror 25, a projection lens 26, a half mirror 15, and a chamber window glass 14. And an airflow blowing nozzle 12.

The fixation target light emitted from the fixation target light source 31 passes through a pinhole plate 32 and a dichroic mirror 25, becomes a parallel light beam by a projection lens 26, is reflected by a half mirror 15, and is then reflected by a chamber window. The eye E passes through the glass 14 and passes through the inside of the airflow blowing nozzle 12 to be examined.
It is led to. When the subject gazes at the fixation target as a fixation target, the line of sight of the subject (that is, the eye E) is fixed.

The XY alignment detection optical system 40 includes an airflow blowing nozzle 12, a chamber window glass 14, a half mirror 15, an objective lens 16, and a half mirror 1
7, 18, a position detection sensor 41, and an XY alignment detection circuit 42. As the position detection sensor 41, a light receiving sensor capable of detecting a position such as a PSD is used.

The light beam projected onto the cornea C by the XY alignment optotype projection optical system 20 and reflected by the corneal surface T is:
After passing through the inside of the airflow blowing nozzle 12 and passing through the chamber window glass 14 and the half mirror 15, the objective lens 1
A part of the light is transmitted through the half mirror 17 while being focused by 6, and a part of the light is reflected by the half mirror 18. The light beam reflected by the half mirror 18 forms a bright spot image R ′ 1 on the position detection sensor 41. The XY alignment detection circuit 42 obtains the light quantity centroid position of the bright spot image R′1 based on the output of the position detection sensor 41 by a known method, and calculates the positional relationship between the apparatus main body S and the cornea C in the XY directions. The calculation result is output to the control circuit 80 and a Z alignment detection correction circuit 74 described later. The control circuit 80 and the Z alignment detection correction circuit 74 are connected to a memory 82 as a first storage unit and a second storage unit.

On the other hand, the cornea C transmitted through the half mirror 18
The reflected luminous flux from the image is reflected on the CCD camera 19 by a bright spot image R'2.
To form The CCD camera 19 outputs an image signal to the monitor 81 via the control circuit 80, and as shown in FIG. 6, the anterior eye image E 'of the eye E to be inspected and the luminescent spot image R'2 of the XY alignment index light are displayed. It is displayed on the screen G of the monitor 81. Note that the alignment assist mark H displayed on the screen G is generated by an image generating device (not shown).

Further, a part of the light beam reflected by the half mirror 17 is guided to the corneal deformation amount detecting optical system 50, passes through the pinhole plate 51, and receives the deformation amount detecting sensor 52.
It is led to. As the deformation amount detection sensor 52, a light receiving sensor capable of detecting the amount of light such as a photodiode is used.

The Z alignment index projection optical system 60 has a Z alignment light source 61 for emitting infrared light, a condenser lens 62, an aperture stop 63, a pinhole plate 64, and a projection lens 65. these are arranged on the optical axis O _2. The projection lens 65 is arranged on the optical path such that the focal point coincides with the pinhole plate 64.

The infrared light emitted from the Z alignment light source 61 passes through the aperture stop 63 while being condensed by the condenser lens 62, and is guided to the pinhole plate 64. The light beam passing through the pinhole plate 64 is converted into a parallel light beam by the projection lens 65, guided to the cornea C, and reflected on the corneal surface T so as to form a bright spot image Q as shown in FIG. Note that the aperture stop 63 is provided at a position conjugate with the vertex P of the cornea C with respect to the projection lens 65.

The Z-alignment detection optical system 70 has an imaging lens 71, a cylindrical lens 72 having power in the Y direction, a position detection sensor 73, and a Z-alignment detection correction circuit 74. ₃ are arranged on. As the position detection sensor 73, a light receiving sensor capable of detecting a position, such as a line sensor or a PSD, is used.

The reflected light flux of the Z alignment index light projected on the corneal surface T projected by the Z alignment index projection optical system 60 is focused on the image forming lens 71, passes through the cylindrical lens 72, and becomes a bright spot image on the position detection sensor 73. Q ′ is formed. The output of the position detection sensor 73 is input to a Z alignment detection correction circuit 74.

In the plane (X) including the optical axis O ₃ and the X axis,
In the (Z plane), the bright spot image Q and the position detection sensor 73 are in a conjugate positional relationship with respect to the imaging lens 71, and in a plane including the optical axis O ₃ and the Y axis, the corneal vertex P and the position detection sensor 73 are located. Is in a conjugate positional relationship with respect to the imaging lens 71 and the cylindrical lens 72. That is, since the position detection sensor 73 is in a conjugate relationship with the aperture stop 63 (the magnification at this time is selected so that the image of the aperture stop 63 is smaller than the size of the position detection sensor 73). Is shifted in the Y direction, the reflected light flux on the corneal surface T efficiently enters the position detection sensor 73. Also, by projecting the slit light that is long in the Y direction onto the cornea C, the same effect as described above is obtained, in which the overall incident efficiency is reduced, but the reflected light beam can be efficiently incident on the position detection sensor 73. .

In the present embodiment, the projection system and the light receiving system for detecting the alignment in the Z direction are the Z alignment index projection optical system 60 and the Z alignment detection optical system 70, each of which is provided one by one. I have. In such a configuration, in order to accurately detect alignment in the Z direction without being affected by misalignment in the XY directions, the output of the XY alignment detection circuit 42 is also input to the Z alignment detection correction circuit 74 here. Thus, the detection result of the position detection sensor 73 is corrected.

That is, as shown in FIG. 8A, when the position of the cornea C is shifted by ΔZ in the Z direction, the position of the bright spot image Q ′ on the position detection sensor 73 becomes ΔQ _Z × m
(ΔQ _Z = ΔZ sin θ). Here, θ is the angle between the optical axis O ₁ and the optical axis O ₂ (or the angle between the optical axis O ₁ and the optical axis O ₃ ), and m is the imaging magnification of the Z alignment detection optical system 70. . Therefore, when the position of the cornea C is not shifted in the XY directions but is shifted only in the Z direction, the shift amount (movement amount) ΔQ ′ of the bright spot image Q ′ on the position detection sensor 73 from the reference position.
Is obtained, the displacement amount ΔZ of the position of the cornea C can be easily calculated by ΔZ = ΔQ ′ / (sin θ × m).

However, as shown in FIG.
Is shifted by ΔX in the X direction, the position of the bright spot image Q ′ on the position detection sensor 73 is ΔQ _X × m (Δ
Q _X = ΔXcosθ) means the only movement, the position of the cornea C is the Z direction and the luminescent spot image on the position detecting sensor 73 when the displacement in the X direction Q 'position of _{ΔQ' = ΔQ Z × m +} ΔQ _X × m = (ΔZ × sin θ × m) + (ΔX × cos θ × m)

Therefore, in such a case, the Z alignment detection and correction circuit 74 determines the deviation amount ΔQ ′ of the bright spot image Q ′ on the position detection sensor 73 and the deviation amount ΔX detected by the XY alignment detection circuit 42. Then, the positional relationship (shift amount ΔZ) between the apparatus main body S and the cornea C in the Z direction is calculated according to the following equation (1), and the calculation result is expressed by the control circuit 80
Output to

ΔZ = (ΔQ′−ΔXcos θ × m) / (sin θ × m) (1) The control circuit 80 outputs a drive control signal to the motor 112 based on the calculation result, as described later. .

Next, the operation of the tonometry apparatus will be described.

When the auto mode is selected by a changeover switch (not shown), the examiner observes the anterior eye image E ′ on the screen G of the monitor 81 shown in FIG.
The control lever 1 is adjusted so that the bright spot image R'2 enters the alignment assisting mark H and is focused.
02 (including the dial operation unit 102a) is operated to move the apparatus main body S in the X, Y, and Z directions. If the eye E is a healthy eye, the bright spot image R'2 has a clean circular shape, and no ghost is observed, the examiner may simply continue the automatic alignment.

The light beam reflected by the cornea C is detected by the position detecting sensor 4.
1, the XY alignment detection circuit 42 outputs the position information of the apparatus body S in the XY directions (the output address of the XY alignment detection circuit 42 determined by the position of the bright spot image R′1 on the position detection sensor 41). Compared with the preset position information (the preset center address of the XY alignment detection circuit 42) in the same direction, the deviation amounts ΔX and ΔY (the deviation amount in the Y direction) corresponding to the difference between the two are compared. Control circuit 80 as XY alignment information
And output to the Z alignment detection correction circuit 74.

When the light beam reflected by the cornea C enters the position detection sensor 73, the Z alignment detection correction circuit 7
Reference numeral 4 compares the position information corrected in the Z direction of the apparatus main body S with the position information set in advance in the same direction, and outputs the shift amount ΔZ corresponding to the difference between the two to the control circuit 80 as Z alignment information. I do.

The control circuit 80 calculates the input deviation amount ΔX,
The motor 10 is controlled so that the absolute values of ΔY and ΔZ become small.
Control signals for driving are output to 4, 108 and 112, and the case 115 is moved in the X, Y and Z directions to perform automatic alignment. The control circuit 80 determines the deviation amounts ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ
When each of the absolute values becomes smaller than a predetermined reference value, it is determined that the alignment is completed, and an airflow blowing unit (not shown) is operated.

By the operation of the airflow blowing unit, air is blown from the airflow blowing nozzle 12 toward the cornea C, and the amount of deformation of the cornea C at the time of air blowing is detected by the corneal deformation amount detection optical system 50. . Then, the intraocular pressure value of the eye E to be inspected is calculated by a known method from the air pressure (= spraying pressure) in the cylinder 12b when the predetermined deformation amount is obtained.

For the control circuit 80, the XY alignment information and the Z alignment information or the alignment state of the apparatus main body S obtained from these information is monitored by the monitor 8.
1 may be displayed in real time.

On the other hand, when measuring an eye to be inspected which is not in a good state such as a diseased eye, as shown in FIG.
At 1, a small amount of corneal scattered light Δr caused by corneal surface roughness or the like due to corneal surgery is incident in addition to the bright spot image R ′ 1 from the cornea C of the eye E to be examined. For this reason, the XY alignment information output by the XY alignment detection circuit 42 includes an error based on the corneal scattered light Δr.

That is, when there is such corneal scattered light Δr, the position detection sensor 41 detects the entire center of gravity position W obtained by combining the bright spot image R′1 and the corneal scattered light Δr. XY
The alignment detection circuit 42 calculates the deviation amounts ΔX and ΔY between the corneal vertex P and the optical axis O ₁ based on the center of gravity W between the bright spot image R′1 and the corneal scattered light Δr, and controls the calculation result. Output to the circuit 80.

Therefore, as illustrated in the figure, even when the bright spot image R′1 is not within the alignment area H ′ corresponding to the alignment assist mark H, the bright spot image R′1 and the cornea When the position W of the center of gravity with the scattered light Δr enters the alignment area H ′ and substantially matches the position of the optical axis, the XY alignment detection circuit 42 erroneously recognizes that the alignment in the XY directions has been completed at the matching position. .

In such a case, as shown in FIG. 10, the circular shape of the bright spot image R'2 is broken on the screen G of the monitor 81, or a ghost appears on the screen G. The mode is switched from the auto mode to the manual mode by operating a changeover switch (not shown) in order to cancel the automatic alignment and perform the alignment manually.

In the manual mode, the examiner operates the monitor 81
The operator operates the control lever 102 so that the bright spot image R'2 is located at the center of the alignment auxiliary mark H and is focused while observing the anterior eye image E 'on the screen G of FIG. The main body S is moved.

When the examiner presses the manual switch 103 on the assumption that the manual alignment has been completed, an airflow blowing unit (not shown) is activated to start the measurement of the intraocular pressure. Further, the control circuit 80 determines the shift amount Δ output by the XY alignment detection circuit 42 when the manual switch 103 is pressed.
X and ΔY are stored in the memory 82, and the center address of the XY alignment detection circuit 42 is changed to an output address corresponding to the shift amounts ΔX and ΔY stored in the memory 82.

Normally, when the intraocular pressure is measured for a certain eye, a plurality of measurements are made. In the second and subsequent measurements after the measurement in the manual mode, the self-auto mode is selected by a changeover switch (not shown). If so, the control circuit 80 moves the apparatus main body S to a position corresponding to the changed center address at the time of alignment, and automatically starts the measurement of the intraocular pressure.

That is, the self-auto mode is a mode in which when the preset position information is changed, alignment and measurement are automatically performed based on the changed position information. Automatic alignment is possible in the second and subsequent measurements, even for subjects who have difficulty performing alignment, thereby effectively utilizing the automatic alignment function and reducing the time required for measurement, thus improving the efficiency of alignment work. Therefore, the measurement result can be stabilized at the time of repeated measurement.

In the self-auto mode, the shift amount Δ
X and ΔY are calculated based on the changed center address of the XY alignment detection circuit 42, and the shift amounts ΔX and ΔY are input to the Z alignment detection correction circuit 74 to be used for correcting the detection result of the position detection sensor 73. Therefore, the position detection of the apparatus main body S in the working distance direction in the self-auto mode can be performed with the same accuracy as in the auto mode.

The control circuit 80 detects that the mode has been switched from the self-auto mode to another mode, or the apparatus main body S operates for a predetermined time or more (measurement operation or movement operation by the motors 104, 108, 112). It is detected that it has not been performed, and the changed center address of the XY alignment detection circuit 42 is reset to the original address (initial setting). This reset may be performed when the subject's eye changes (when the left and right eyes change or when the subject changes) or when a clear switch or a print switch (not shown) is operated.

Further, in the present embodiment, the examiner holds the control lever 102 until the bright spot image R'2 enters the alignment assisting mark H in the auto mode and the self-auto mode, and until the alignment is completed in the manual mode. The apparatus main body S is moved in the X direction and the Z direction by its own force. However, like the dial operating unit 102a for the motor 104, the driving mechanism that enables the examiner to control the rotation of the motors 108 and 112 as well. May be provided, and the apparatus main body S may be moved in all directions of X, Y, and Z even when manual alignment is performed.

[Second Embodiment] An ophthalmologic apparatus according to the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the tonometry apparatus according to the first embodiment, but has a semi-auto mode instead of the self-auto mode. different. The semi-auto mode is a mode in which the examiner manually moves the apparatus main body S to perform alignment. In the second and subsequent measurements after the measurement in the manual mode, the semi-auto mode is selected by a changeover switch (not shown). In this case, the control circuit 80 issues a display to move the apparatus main body S to a position corresponding to the changed center address of the XY alignment detection circuit 42. This display is performed, for example, by displaying “FORWARD”, “BACKWARD”, “RIGHT”, “LE
FT, “UP”, “DOWN” and the like may be projected, but as shown in FIG.
a to 117f may be provided to turn on any of them, or may be performed by audio display. In the case of using the latter two methods, the examiner can easily complete the alignment without looking at the screen G.

[Embodiment 3] FIG. 12 is an optical diagram showing a main part of a fundus camera as another example of the ophthalmologic apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a control system of the fundus camera. It is. The fundus camera, an illumination optical system 200 for illuminating the fundus E _R of the eye E, an imaging optical system for forming an image of the fundus E _R which is illuminated by the illumination optical system 200 3
00 and a camera device 400 for photographing the fundus E _R
An alignment detection optical system 500 for electrically detecting an alignment state with respect to the eye E, and a focus detection optical system 600 for electrically detecting a focus state with respect to the fundus E _R of the camera device 400; The camera system 400 includes a photographing operation control system 700 for controlling a photographing operation of the camera device 400 based on electric signals from the alignment detection optical system 500 and the focus detection optical system 600. The fundus camera has an auto mode (auto focus mode) in which the apparatus automatically performs focusing and photographing, a manual mode (manual focus mode) in which the examiner manually performs, and a self auto mode (self auto focus mode). These modes are switched by a changeover switch (not shown).

[0068] The illumination optical system 200 includes a photographing light source (flash tube) 201 which are sequentially disposed on the illumination optical axis O ₅ perpendicular to the photographing optical axis O _4, a condenser lens 202, is transmitted through the visible light, and An oblique mirror 203 that reflects infrared light;
A ring-shaped slit 204, a light-shielding plate 205 conjugated to the fundus E _R and forming a black spot on the fundus E _R , a relay lens 206, and a position at the intersection of the imaging optical axis O ₄ and the illumination optical axis O _5. And a perforated inclined mirror 207.

The illumination optical system 200 further includes an observation light source (tungsten lamp) 208 sequentially arranged on the reflection optical axis O ₆ of the oblique mirror 203 and a red light that blocks visible light and transmits only infrared light. An outer filter 209 and a condenser lens 210 are provided.

The ring-shaped slit 204 is arranged at a position conjugate with the pupil E _{P of the} eye to be examined, and a fundus illumination light beam from the light source passes through only the periphery of the pupil E _P of the eye to be examined to illuminate the fundus E _R.

In the illumination optical system 200, the observation light source 208 is turned on during observation of the fundus, and the infrared light transmitted through the infrared filter 209 is reflected by the perforated mirror 207. 301 transparent to the illuminating a fundus E _R. On the other hand, at the time of fundus imaging, the imaging light source 201 is turned on, and the visible light transmitted through the oblique mirror 203 follows the same path as the infrared light at the time of fundus observation, and the fundus E _R
To illuminate.

[0072] The imaging optical system 300 includes an objective lens 301 are sequentially arranged on the photographing optical axis O _4, an aperture 302 for passing only the light beam transmitted through the central portion of the eye pupil E _P, a focusing lens 303 If, and an image forming lens 304 forms an image of the fundus E _R on the film F of the camera apparatus 400. The camera device 400 is composed of a body of an interchangeable lens single-lens reflex camera or the like, and has a movable mirror 401 that jumps up from a position shown by a solid line to a position shown by a broken line only during shooting, and a focal plane shutter 402. The film F is exchangeably built in the camera device 400.

The imaging optical system 300 further includes a field lens 305, a relay lens 306, and a mirror 30, which are sequentially arranged on the reflection optical axis O ₇ of the movable mirror 401.
7 and an infrared imaging tube 308.
A monitor 309 is connected to 8. The photoelectric surface of the infrared imaging tube 308 has a conjugate positional relationship with the film F of the camera device 400.

The fundus E _R is illuminated by infrared light when the observation light source 208 is turned on. The image of the fundus E _R is reflected by the movable mirror 401 at the position indicated by the solid line to form an image on the infrared imaging tube 308. It is displayed as a visual image. Also,
The fundus E _R is visibly illuminated by the lighting of the imaging light source 201. At this time, the movable mirror 401 is flipped up to the position indicated by the broken line, whereby an image of the fundus E _R is formed on the film F of the camera device 400.

The alignment detection optical system 500 includes a half mirror 501 obliquely provided on the photographing optical axis O ₄ , a half mirror 502 sequentially arranged on the reflection optical axis O ₈ of the half mirror 501, and a relay lens 503. And the mirror 50
4, a two-aperture stop 505, a relay lens 506, an index 508 having a pinhole 507, a condenser lens 509, two projecting the alignment target light located symmetrically with respect to the reflection optical axis O ₉ of the mirror 504 Light source 51
0,511.

Further, the alignment detecting optical system 500
Is the reflection optical axis O of the half mirror 502 _TenPlaced on
Has photoelectric detector 512 with two-dimensional position detection function
You. The photoelectric detector 512 is located at a position conjugate with the index 508.
Is provided.

In this alignment detection optical system 500,
The light beam P ₁ from the light source 510 is condensed on the pinhole 507 by the condenser lens 509,
6, the light passes through one of the apertures 505 as a parallel light beam, forms an image of a pinhole 507 at an image point I, passes through the half mirrors 502 and 501, and the objective lens 301, and then the cornea C of the eye E to be examined. Arrives from an oblique direction.

Similarly, the light beam P ₂ from the light source 511 is condensed on the pinhole 507 by the condenser lens 509, becomes a parallel light beam by the relay lens 506, passes through the other hole of the two-hole aperture 505, and forms an image. Pinhole 5 at point I
The light beam P ₁ to the cornea C of the eye E to arrive from the opposite oblique direction after the formation of the 07 images of the.

Here, when the alignment of the fundus camera body including the above-described optical systems with respect to the eye E is properly performed, that is, the cornea C of the eye E is relatively appropriate with respect to the fundus camera body. When in the position, an image of the pinhole 507 is formed at the center of curvature E _PO of the cornea C,
The light fluxes P ₁ and P ₂ from the light sources 510 and 511 are projected to the eye E. When the alignment is completed, the light flux P ₁ ,
P ₂ is specularly reflected on the surface of the cornea C, passes through the same optical path as the projection optical path, passes through the objective lens 301, the half mirror 501, is reflected by the half mirror 502, and is located at the center position O of the photoelectric detector 512 (see FIG. 14). ) Pinhole 507
Is formed. The photoelectric detector 512 photoelectrically detects the reflection image (light fluxes P ₁ and P ₂ reflected by the cornea C) of the alignment index, and detects the light flux P ₁ or the light that is the arrival point of the light flux P _2. The position of a point (indicated by “○” in FIG. 14), that is, the distances X ₁ , X ₂ , Y ₁ , and Y ₂ are detected, and the corresponding voltage signals x ₁ , x ₂ , y ₁ , and y ₂ are output. I do. The voltage signals x ₁ , x ₂ , y ₁ , and y ₂ change depending on the amount of light incident on the photoelectric detector 512.

FIG. 15 shows the light on the photoelectric detector 512.
Bundle P₁, P_Two(Actually, the light source 51
0 and 511 are alternately lit as described later, so that the light flux P
₁, P_TwoArrive alternately on the photoelectric detector 512. ). same
In the figure, the light flux P when the light source 510 is turned on₁of
The arrival position is indicated by a circle and the light source 511 is turned on.
Luminous flux P of_TwoIs indicated by a “•” mark, and the luminous flux P₁About
Distance X₁, X_Two, Y₁, Y_TwoIs the distance X_1A,
X_2A, Y_1A, Y_2AAnd the luminous flux P_TwoThe distance X about ₁,
X_Two, Y₁, Y_TwoIs the distance X_1B, X_2B, Y_1B, Y_2B
It is expressed as In this embodiment, due to the configuration, X_1A= X
_1B, X_2A= X_2BHolds, the following X_1B, X_2BTo
A description of this will be omitted.

FIG. 15A shows that the cornea C is in the alignment completed position (a position appropriate relative to the fundus camera body).
Displaced in the axial direction of the photographing optical axis O ₄ (Z-direction) from and,
This shows a case where the light beams P ₁ and P ₂ also deviate in the X direction and the Y direction orthogonal to that direction, and reach different positions on the photoelectric detector 512. In FIG. 15, the amount of deviation in the X and Y directions between the center position O ′ between the “O” and “•” marks and the center position O of the photoelectric detector 512 is the amount of deviation of the cornea C in the X and Y directions. , And the separation distance between the mark “○” and the mark “•” corresponds to the amount of displacement of the cornea C in the Z direction. Also, if the direction of the shift in the Z direction is different (the magnitude relationship between the distance from the fundus camera body to the eye E to be examined and the working distance is different), the marks “」 ”and“ • ”are displayed on the photoelectric detector 512. The position is reversed.

FIG. 15B shows a retinal camera body of the cornea C.
Relative to the X direction and the Y direction
Indicates a case where the direction is not appropriate.
And the middle position O 'of the mark "•" is the center of the photoelectric detector 512.
In line with position O, X_1A= X _2A, Y_1A-Y_2A=-(Y_1B
-Y_2B) Holds.

FIG. 15C shows a case where the relative position of the cornea C with respect to the fundus camera body is appropriate in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. The arrival position of the light flux P _{1 and} the arrival position of the light flux P ₂ are as follows. Both coincide with the center position O of the photoelectric detector 512.
In order to obtain the state as shown in FIG. 15C, the alignment detection optical system 500 uses the output signals x ₁ , x ₂ , y ₁ , and y ₂ of the photoelectric detector 512 in the X, Y, and Z directions. Signals K, L, and M indicating the alignment state are output.

FIG. 16 shows the alignment detecting optical system 5.
00 shows the details of the electrical circuit 00. In the alignment detection optical system 500, first, the output of the power supply drive circuit 551 is input to the light sources 510 and 511, so that the light source 51
0 and 511 are alternately lit. The power supply drive circuit 55
1 is also input to the selection switch 552 at the same time.

The selection switch 552 includes the power supply driving circuit 5
51 and the output signal x of the photoelectric detector 512₁,
x_Two, Y₁, Y_TwoIs input, and the selection switch 552 is
Is the output signal x when the light source 510 is turned on.₁, X_Two, Y
₁, Y_TwoSignal x corresponding to_1A, X_2A, Y_1A, Y_2AOutput
When the light source 511 is turned on, the output signal y₁, Y_TwoTo
Respond to y_1B, Y_2BIs output. Output of selection switch 552
Force signal y_1A, Y_2A, Y_1B, Y _2B, X_1A, X_2AEach
Amplifiers 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 5
58 and amplified, but here, for convenience,
The same signal as the signal before amplification is assigned to the signal after width.
explain.

Output signal y of amplifiers 553 and 554_1A, Y
_2AAre both the first subtraction circuit 559 and the first addition circuit 560.
And the first subtraction circuit 559 outputs (y_1A-Y_2APlay)
The first addition circuit 560 calculates (y_1A+ Y_2A)
You. Output signal y of amplifiers 555 and 556_1B, Y_2BHatomo
Input to the second subtraction circuit 561 and the second addition circuit 562.
And the second subtraction circuit 561 calculates (y_1B-Y_2B) And calculate the
The two adding circuit 562 calculates (y _1B+ Y_2B) Is calculated. amplifier
557,558 output signal x_1A, X_2AAre both third subtraction
The signal is input to the circuit 563 and the third addition circuit 564,
The arithmetic circuit 563 calculates (x_1A-X_2A) And the third adder circuit
564 is (x_1A+ X_2A) Is calculated.

The output of the first subtraction circuit 559 and the output of the first addition circuit 560 are input to the first division circuit 565, and the first division circuit 565 calculates (y _1A −y _2A ) / (y _1A + y _2A ) = a
Is calculated. The calculated value a indicates the amount of shift in the Y direction from the center position O of the light beam arrival point on the photoelectric detector 512 when the light source 510 is turned on, and the sign indicates the direction of the shift. The calculated value a is not affected by the amount of light received by the photoelectric detector 512 and is input to the hold circuit 566. The output of the power supply drive circuit 551 is also input to the hold circuit 566, and the calculated value a is stored.

The output of the second subtraction circuit 561 and the output of the second addition circuit 562 are input to the second division circuit 567, and the second division circuit 567 calculates (y _1B −y _2B ) / (y _1B + y _2B ) = b
Is calculated. The calculated value b indicates the amount of shift in the Y direction from the center position O of the light beam arrival point on the photoelectric detector 512 when the light source 511 is turned on, and the sign indicates the direction of the shift. The calculated value b is not affected by the amount of light received by the photoelectric detector 512 and is input to the hold circuit 568. The output of the power supply drive circuit 551 is also input to the hold circuit 568, and the calculated value b is stored.

The output of the third subtraction circuit 563 and the output of the third addition circuit 564 are input to the third division circuit 569, and the third division circuit 569 calculates (x _1A -x _2A ) / (x _1A + x _2A ) = c
Is calculated. The calculated value c indicates the amount of shift in the X direction from the center position O of the light beam arrival point on the photoelectric detector 512 when the light source 510 is turned on, and the sign indicates the direction of the shift. The calculated value c is not affected by the amount of light received by the photoelectric detector 512, and is output to the display 570.

The operation values a and b stored in the hold circuits 566 and 568 are both input to a fourth subtraction circuit 571 and a fourth addition circuit 572, and the fourth subtraction circuit 571 outputs (a−
b) and outputs the result to the display 570, and the fourth addition circuit 572 calculates {(a + b) / 2} and outputs the result to the display 570.

Here, (ab) is a value corresponding to the distance in the Y direction between the luminous flux reaching point when the light source 510 is turned on and the luminous flux reaching point when the light source 511 is turned on.
The sign of -b) indicates the direction of displacement of the cornea C in the Z direction. When (ab) = 0, that is, when the two light flux arrival points coincide, the cornea C is relatively appropriate in the Z direction. In the right position. On the other hand, {(a + b) / 2}
Is a value corresponding to an intermediate position between the luminous flux reaching point when is turned on and the luminous flux reaching point when the light source 511 is turned on.
Shows the relative shift amount in the Y direction.

The third division circuit 569 and the fourth subtraction circuit 571
When the output of the fourth adder circuit 572 is displayed on the display 570, the examiner moves the fundus camera body in accordance with the display and performs manual alignment. Alternatively, an alignment drive mechanism for moving the fundus camera body is provided (see FIGS. 1 and 2 of the first embodiment), and this alignment drive mechanism is provided by a third division circuit 569 and a fourth subtraction circuit 57.
By driving based on the outputs of the first and fourth addition circuits 572, the alignment of the retinal camera body can be performed automatically. The alignment of the fundus camera body is performed by setting the absolute value of each output of the fourth subtraction circuit 571, the fourth addition circuit 572, and the third division circuit 569 to a predetermined reference value ε ₁ ,
It is considered to be completed when it becomes smaller than ε ₂ and ε ₃ .

More specifically, the reference value ε ₁ is set to the reference value setting circuit 5.
The reference value ε ₁ and the output value (ab) of the fourth subtraction circuit 571 are input to the first comparator 574, and the signal K indicating the alignment state in the Z direction is stored in the first comparator 574.
Is output. The signal K when the output value (a-b) is smaller than the reference value epsilon ₁ is "1", when the other "0".

The reference value ε ₂ is stored in the reference value setting circuit 575, and the reference value ε ₂ and the output value {(a + b) / 2} of the fourth adding circuit 572 are input to the second comparator 576. , Y indicating the alignment state in the Y direction. This signal L has an output value {(a + b) / 2}.
Is "1" when is smaller than the reference value? ₂ , and is "0" otherwise.

Reference value ε_ThreeIs stored in the reference value setting circuit 577
And this reference value ε_ThreeAnd the output of the third division circuit 569
The force value c is input to the third comparator 578, and the
A signal M indicating the alignment state is output. this
The signal M has an output value c whose reference value ε _ThreeWhen smaller than
It is "1", otherwise "0".

[0096] focus detecting optical system 600 includes a mirror 601 disposed behind the photographing optical axis O ₄ on the diaphragm 302, a mirror 602 arranged on the reflection optical axis O ₁₁ of the mirror 601
A relay lens 603 sequentially arranged on an optical axis O ₁₂ parallel to the photographing optical axis O ₄ with a reflection optical axis of the mirror 602, a slit index 604, and a deflection prism 605 fixed to the slit index 604. And a condenser lens 606;
A light source 607.

The light beam emitted from the light source 607 passes through the condenser lens 606 to illuminate the slit-like index 604.

As shown in FIG. 17A, the slit-shaped indices 604 are provided along indices 604a and 604d provided on the YY 'axis extending in parallel with the Y direction, and along the XX' axis extending in parallel with the X direction. The index 604a is located at a middle point of a line connecting the indexes 604b and 604c.

The deflection prism 605 is provided with the indices 604a and 604a.
The prisms 605a, 605b, 605c, and 605d are respectively fixed to the deflector prisms 605a, 605b, 605c, and 605d.
605d, as shown in FIG. 17 (b), v _a in a plane the normal line of the YY 'axis for the light flux transmitted therethrough,
It provides a declination in the direction of v _b , v _c , v _d .

Slit-like index 604 and deflection prism 6
The light flux transmitted through the relay lens 605 and the mirror 6
02, 601, aperture 302 and perforated mirror 207
Then, the light passes through the objective lens 301 and enters the eye E to be examined. The mirror 601 is provided with a deflection prism 605.
In order to reflect the slit transmitted light flux, which is divided in two directions of v _a or v _b , v _c , and v _d , and projected symmetrically with respect to the optical axis toward the objective lens 301, FIG. two reflection portions 601a disposed symmetrically on either side of the photographing optical axis O ₄ as consists 601b. For this reason, the mirror 601 does not hinder the effective luminous flux reflected by the fundus E _R toward the film F at all. Also,
As shown in the figure, the aperture 302 has an aperture 302a provided at the center for a photographing effective light beam, and aperture holes 302b and 302c provided on both sides thereof for a focus detection light beam. Further, the perforated inclined mirror 207 has a hole 211 provided with overhang portions 211a on both sides so as to allow the focus detection light beam to pass therethrough.

The focus detection optical system 600 includes a relay lens 603, a slit-like index 604, a deflection prism 605,
The condenser lens 606 and the light source 607 are driven by a drive motor 805 (see FIG.
By 0 becomes a focusing lens 303 and integral moving the optical axis O ₁₂ above, and performs the focusing against fundus E _R of the eye E. The focus detection optical system 6
19, the index images 604a ', 604b', 604c ', 604 corresponding to the indices 604a, 604b, 604c, 604d are displayed on the monitor 309 as shown in FIG.
d 'is the image E _R of the fundus E _R' projected superimposed on.

When the eye E to be examined is a healthy eye and is in a good state, the index images 604a ', 604b', and
604c 'and 604d' are displayed as shown in FIG. In this case, index images 604a ', 604b' distance L ₁ and the index images 604a of ', 604c' is equal to the distance L ₂ of the _{(L 1 -L 2) = 0} .

Also, when the relative position of the fundus E _R with respect to the fundus camera body is out of focus on the photographing optical axis O ₄ , the index image as shown in FIG. 20 (b) (or FIG. 20 (c)) 6
04a 'is the index image 604b', 6
04c ', 604d' will be moved to the left (or _{right) (L 1 -L 2)>} 0 ( or _{(L 1 -L 2) <0} ).

Assuming that the auto mode is selected by a changeover switch (not shown), after the alignment of the retinal camera body is completed, the infrared image pickup tube 308 is used to detect the focusing target image photoelectrically. And sends the scanning signal to the index image signal detection circuit 800 (see FIG. 13). The index image signals (index images 604a ′, 604b ′, 604c ′, 604) included in the scanning signal
Since the signal about d ′) is higher in level than the signal about the fundus image E _R ′, the index image signal detection circuit 800 detects the high level signal by binarization to detect the index image signal, From the detected target image signal, the target image interval L
_1, to calculate the L _2. In this embodiment, the illumination optical system 20
0 is provided with a light shielding plate 205, and an index image 604 is provided.
The central portion E _RC ′ (see FIG. 19) of the fundus image E _R ′ serving as the background of a ′, 604 b ′, 604 c ′, and 604 d ′ is shielded, and the fundus image E _R ′ and the index images 604 a ′, 604 b ′,
Since the contrast difference between 604c 'and 604d' is large, the detection of the index image signal can be performed easily and with high accuracy.

In this automatic mode, the switch S ₁ is a contact a ₁ and the switch S ₂ is a contact b _{1 in FIG.}
And are connected respectively. Then, the index image interval comparison circuit 8
01 is inputted with the index image intervals L ₁ and L ₂ from the index image signal detection circuit 800, and a constant α = 0 indicating the difference between the index image intervals L ₁ and L ₂ at the time of focusing is inputted from the preset circuit 802. . The index image interval comparison circuit 801 calculates the difference Δ between the current index image interval difference and the in-focus index image interval difference by the equation Δ = (L ₁ −L ₂ ) −α (2), and calculates the calculation result. Output to the control circuit 803 and the reference value comparison circuit 804. The control circuit 803 controls the difference Δ to approach 0 (that is, {(L ₁ −L ₂ ) −α}>
When 0, the index image 604a 'moves to the left in FIG. 20, and when {(L ₁ -L ₂ ) -α} <0, the index image 604a' moves to the right in FIG. The drive motor 805 is driven to move the focusing lens 303.

The reference value comparison circuit 804 has the reference value setting circuit 8 together with the calculation result of the index image interval comparison circuit 801.
At 06, the reference value ε ₀ set and stored is input. The reference value ε ₀ is a value that provides a reference for determining whether or not the in-focus state is within an allowable range. The reference value comparison circuit 804 includes a difference Δ from the index image interval comparison circuit 801 and a reference value setting circuit. by comparing the reference value epsilon ₀ from 805, if the difference Δ is the reference value epsilon ₀ following "1" (when it is determined that the focus), not otherwise (focusing ), The focus signal N of “0” is output.

This focus signal N is input to the AND circuit 701 of the photographing operation control system 700 together with the signals K, L, and M from the alignment detection optical system 500. AND circuit 7
A release signal (“1” when the shutter is released, “0” in other cases) from the shutter switch 807 is input to 01, and when all the input signals become “1”, the AND circuit 701 outputs the shutter control circuit. 70
2, the signal “1” is output. As a result, the flash control circuit 703 operates, the flash tube 201 emits light, the movable mirror 401 is flipped up to the position indicated by the broken line in FIG. Eye fundus E _R
Is taken.

The focus signal N is output from the inverter circuit 70.
4 when the focusing signal N is “0” (that is,
When the camera is not in focus), a signal “1” is output from the inverter circuit 704 to the timer circuit 705. The timer circuit 705 outputs the signal “1” to the inverter circuit 706 and the AND circuit 707 when the camera device 400 has not taken an image after a predetermined time has elapsed since the input of the signal “1”. I do.

When the signal “1” is input to the inverter circuit 706, the signal is inverted to “0”, which is the same as the focus signal N, and output to the exclusive OR circuit 708. The exclusive OR circuit 708 further includes signals K,
An AND circuit 709 that outputs a signal “1” when L and M are all “1” and outputs a signal “0” otherwise.
Is output.

The output of the exclusive OR circuit 708 is output to the AND circuit 70 together with the output of the timer circuit 705.
7, and an AND circuit 707 is connected to a timer circuit 705
Only when the signal “1” is received from both the exclusive OR circuit 708 and the exclusive OR circuit 708, the signal “1” is displayed on the display 710.
Is output to indicate that automatic focusing is impossible. Therefore, the display 710 issues a display to the examiner when the alignment is completed but automatic focusing cannot be performed, but this display may be emitted by the monitor 309.

When the examiner learns from the display of the display 710 that automatic focusing is impossible, the examiner releases the automatic focusing and manually switches from the auto mode to the manual mode by a changeover switch (not shown) so as to perform focusing manually. Switch. In addition, for example, when it is expected that the subject suffers from cataract and automatic focusing is difficult, or when the ophthalmologic apparatus matches the focal point of each photographing at the time of panoramic photographing with a fundus camera capable of panoramic photographing, automatic focusing is used. When it is determined to be difficult, the examiner may select this manual mode instead of the automatic mode from the beginning.

In this manual mode, the switch S ₁ is connected to the contact a ₂ in FIG. 13, and the output of the index image signal detection circuit 800 is stored in the storage circuit 808 as the third storage means.
Is input to A release signal from the shutter switch 807 is also input to the storage circuit 808, and when the examiner manually moves the focusing lens 303 or the like to focus and operates the shutter switch 807 to perform shooting, the storage circuit 808 , A signal "1" is input, and a difference β = (L ₁ −L ₂ ) (| β |> ε ₀ ) of the index image interval at that time is stored.

[0113] When the self auto mode is selected by the switching switch, not shown in the measurement of the second and subsequent After measuring this way manual mode, the switch S ₁ in FIG. 13 is a contact a _1, the switch S ₂ is contact b ₂ a are connected. Then, the index image interval comparison circuit 801
, The index image interval L ₁ , L ₂ from the index image signal detection circuit 800
However, a specific constant α = β for the eye E to be examined is input from the storage circuit 808. The index image interval comparison circuit 801 calculates the difference Δ between the current index image interval difference and the index image interval difference at the time of focusing according to the above equation (2), and outputs the calculation result to the control circuit 803 and the reference value comparison circuit 804. I do. The control circuit 803 controls the drive motor 8 so that the difference Δ approaches zero.
05 is driven to perform automatic focusing, and upon completion of focusing, photographing is automatically performed as in the auto mode.

[Fourth Embodiment] An ophthalmologic apparatus according to the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the fundus camera according to the third embodiment, except that a semi-auto mode is provided instead of the self-auto mode. This semi-auto mode
This is a mode in which the examiner guides the movement of the focusing lens 303 or the like by manual operation to perform focusing. In a case where the semi-auto mode is selected by a changeover switch (not shown) in the second and subsequent measurements after the measurement in the manual mode. In the display 710, characters such as "FORWARD" and "BACKWARD" are displayed on the display 710 to guide the examiner's focusing operation. Of course, such display may be performed by the monitor 309 or by voice display.

[Embodiment 5] FIG. 21 shows a schematic configuration of an ophthalmologic apparatus system according to the present invention. This ophthalmologic apparatus system includes an ophthalmologic apparatus 900 including the tonometry apparatus or the fundus camera described in each of the above embodiments, and a management server 901 to which the ID of a subject who has visited as an outpatient is input.
And the data server 9 in which the medical record information of the subject is stored
02.

When the ID of the subject to be diagnosed by the ophthalmologic apparatus 900 is input to the management server 901,
The management server 901 transmits the input ID to the data server 902. The data server 902 searches the medical record information corresponding to the ID, creates new medical record information if the subject is a new patient,
0 is stored as diagnostic information.

On the other hand, it is already known that the subject is a returning patient and cannot be automatically aligned or focused by the ophthalmologic apparatus 900, and the position related to the alignment or focusing for the subject is already known. When the information (the position information stored in the memory 82 or the storage circuit 808 in each of the above embodiments) is stored in the data server 902, the data server 902 receiving the ID transmits the chart information including the position information to the ophthalmic apparatus. 900. When the received medical record information includes position information unique to the subject, the ophthalmologic apparatus 900 moves the apparatus body S or the focusing lens 303 based on the position information, and starts measurement or imaging.

In the ophthalmologic apparatus system according to the present embodiment, a subject who is known in advance that automatic alignment and automatic focusing cannot be performed in the automatic mode can be directly and automatically performed without going through the automatic mode. Since alignment and focusing are completed automatically (semi-automatically in the case of the semi-auto mode), measurement or photographing can be performed efficiently. Further, particularly in a hospital or the like where many patients visit, the burden on the examiner and the burden on the patient including waiting time can be greatly reduced.

The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those described above. For example, in the first and second embodiments, an intraocular pressure measuring device has been described as an ophthalmologic device. Any device that requires alignment, such as a slit lamp or a slit lamp, may be used. In the fifth embodiment, the ID of the subject is input to the management server. However, the ID is input to the ophthalmologic apparatus, and the ophthalmologic apparatus inquires the data server for the chart information, thereby omitting the management server. It may be configured.

[0120]

According to the present invention, as described above, even if the condition of the subject's eye is not good, the automatic alignment function or the automatic focusing function can be effectively used to perform alignment or focusing. It can be done efficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a configuration of an alignment drive mechanism of an intraocular pressure measurement device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of an alignment driving mechanism in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing an optical system of an apparatus main body of the tonometry apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the optical system of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing reflection of alignment target light projected from a front direction onto a cornea of an eye to be examined.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an anterior eye image of a healthy eye displayed on a monitor screen of the tonometry apparatus.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing reflection of alignment target light projected from a diagonal direction on the cornea of the subject's eye.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the incidence and reflection of alignment index light when the position of the cornea of the eye to be examined is shifted within the XZ plane;
(A) is an explanatory diagram in the case of displacement in the Z direction, and (b) is an explanatory diagram of a displacement in the X direction.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram exemplifying a light receiving state of a position detection sensor when an eye to be examined with a rough cornea is measured.

10A and 10B illustrate a case where a bright spot image is not normally displayed on a monitor screen of the tonometry apparatus, and FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram illustrating an alignment completed state when automatic alignment is performed;
(B) is an explanatory view showing an alignment completed state when performing manual alignment.

FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an LED display unit of the tonometry apparatus according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a side view schematically showing an optical system of a fundus camera according to a third embodiment.

13 is a block diagram showing a photographing operation control system of the fundus camera of FIG.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a light flux reaching point on a photoelectric detector.

15A and 15B show luminous flux arrival points from two light sources on a photoelectric detector, wherein FIG. 15A shows a state in which the relative position of the cornea with respect to the fundus camera body is shifted in each of the X, Y, and Z directions; () Is an explanatory diagram showing a state shifted in the Z direction, and (c) is an explanatory view showing a state in which alignment is completed.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an alignment detection system of the fundus camera of FIG.

17A and 17B show slit-like indices of the fundus camera of FIG. 12, wherein FIG. 17A is a perspective view thereof, and FIG.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a focus detection optical system of the fundus camera of FIG.

19 is an explanatory diagram showing a monitor display during a focusing operation of the fundus camera of FIG.

20 shows an index image on the monitor display of FIG. 19;
(A) is a state at the time of focusing on a healthy eye, (b),
(C) is an explanatory diagram showing a state of a healthy eye when out of focus.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing an ophthalmologic apparatus system according to Embodiment 5.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 10 anterior eye observation optical system 20 XY alignment target projection optical system (first target projection unit) 30 fixation target projection optical system 40 XY alignment detection optical system (first position detection unit) 41 position detection sensor 42 XY alignment Detection circuit 50 Corneal deformation amount detection optical system 60 Z alignment index projection optical system (second index projection unit) 70 Z alignment detection optical system 73 Position detection sensor 74 Z alignment detection correction circuit (second position detection unit) 80 Control Circuit 81 Monitor 82 Memory (first storage means, second storage means) 117a to 117f LED (first display means) 303 Focusing lens 309 monitor 512 photoelectric detector 808 Storage circuit (third storage means) 900 Ophthalmic apparatus 901 management server (first management server, second management server) 902 data Data server (first data server, the second data server) C corneal E subject's eye E _R fundus S device body U XY alignment target light

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. An ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. When the main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, the apparatus further includes first storage means for storing position information of the apparatus main body, and the driving mechanism stores the position information stored in the first storage means. An ophthalmologic apparatus, wherein the apparatus body is automatically moved based on the information, and the alignment can be automatically executed. 2. An ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. When the main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, first storage means for storing position information of the apparatus main body, and the examiner is notified based on the position information stored in the first storage means. An ophthalmologic apparatus, comprising: first display means for emitting a display and inducing the examiner to move the apparatus main body so that the alignment is completed. 3. An ophthalmologic apparatus provided with a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected in order to perform alignment of the apparatus main body with the eye. A first storage unit that stores position information of the apparatus main body when the main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, wherein the driving mechanism automatically moves the apparatus main body based on an initial setting; Thereby, an automatic alignment mode in which the alignment is automatically performed; a manual alignment mode in which the alignment is manually performed by an examiner manually moving the apparatus main body; By automatically moving the apparatus body based on the position information stored in the means, the alignment is automatically performed. An ophthalmologic apparatus comprising a self-alignment mode. 4. An ophthalmologic apparatus provided with a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to align the apparatus main body with the eye. First index projection means for projecting the first index from the front direction to the optometry, and first to detect the position of the cornea in the vertical and horizontal directions from the reflection image of the first index on the corneal surface of the subject's eye Position detecting means, second index projecting means for projecting a second index from the oblique direction to the subject's eye, and detecting a position of the cornea in the working distance direction from a reflection image of the second index on the corneal surface. A second position detecting means, and when the apparatus body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, a second storage means for storing position information of the apparatus body in up, down, left, and right directions, The said The position detecting means detects the position of the cornea in the up, down, left, and right directions based on either preset position information or position information stored in the second storage means, The apparatus based on the detection result of the first position detection means based on the position information stored in the storage means and the detection result of the second position detection means corrected based on the detection result of the first position detection means An ophthalmologic apparatus, wherein the alignment can be automatically performed by automatically moving a main body. 5. An ophthalmologic apparatus provided with a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected in order to perform alignment of the apparatus main body with the eye. First index projection means for projecting the first index from the front direction to the optometry, and first to detect the position of the cornea in the vertical and horizontal directions from the reflection image of the first index on the corneal surface of the subject's eye Position detecting means, second index projecting means for projecting a second index from the oblique direction to the subject's eye, and detecting a position of the cornea in the working distance direction from a reflection image of the second index on the corneal surface. A second position detecting means, and when the apparatus body is manually moved and the alignment is performed, a second storage means for storing position information in the up, down, left, and right directions of the apparatus body, The said The position detecting means detects the position of the cornea in the up, down, left, and right directions based on either preset position information or the position information stored in the second storage means, and stores the position in the second storage means. The detection result of the first position detection means based on the obtained position information, and the display to the examiner based on the detection result of the second position detection means corrected by the detection result of the first position detection means An ophthalmologic apparatus, comprising: a second display unit that emits light and guides the examiner to move the apparatus main body so that the alignment is completed. 6. An ophthalmology having a focusing mechanism for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected and moving the focusing lens to focus on the eye to be inspected. An apparatus, comprising: a third storage unit configured to store position information of the focusing lens when the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed. An ophthalmologic apparatus, wherein the focusing lens can be automatically moved based on the position information stored in the third storage means, and the focusing can be automatically performed. 7. An ophthalmology having a focusing mechanism for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected and moving the focusing lens to focus on the eye to be inspected. An apparatus, wherein, when the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed, third storage means for storing position information of the focusing lens; and storing in the third storage means. An ophthalmologic apparatus, comprising: third display means for issuing a display to an examiner based on the obtained position information, and guiding movement of the focusing lens by the examiner so that the focusing is completed. . 8. An ophthalmology having a focusing mechanism for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected and moving the focusing lens to focus on the eye to be inspected. An apparatus comprising: a third storage unit configured to store position information of the focusing lens when the focusing lens is manually moved to perform focusing, wherein the focusing mechanism is initialized. By automatically moving the focusing lens based on, an autofocus mode in which the focusing is automatically performed, and by the examiner manually moving the focusing lens,
The manual focusing mode in which the focusing is manually performed, and the focusing mechanism automatically moves the focusing lens based on the position information stored in the third storage unit, so that the focusing is automatically performed. An ophthalmologic apparatus, comprising: a self-autofocus mode performed in (1). 9. An ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected to perform alignment of the apparatus main body with the eye to be inspected. A first data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, the subject's ID is input to the ophthalmic apparatus before the measurement or imaging is started, and the apparatus main body is manually connected to the first data server. When the alignment is performed by moving, the position information of the apparatus main body is stored in association with the ID, and the drive mechanism stores the position information corresponding to the ID input to the ophthalmic apparatus in the first data. An ophthalmologic apparatus system, wherein when stored in a server, the alignment can be automatically performed by automatically moving the apparatus body based on the position information. 10. An ophthalmologic apparatus having a drive mechanism for moving an apparatus main body having an optical system for measuring or photographing an eye to be inspected so as to perform alignment of the apparatus main body with the eye. A second data server to be connected, and an ID of a subject is input before the measurement or imaging is started, and a first management server that transmits the ID to the second data server, When the apparatus main body is manually moved and the alignment is performed in the second data server, position information of the apparatus main body is stored in association with the ID, and the driving mechanism stores the second data. I received by server
An ophthalmologic apparatus, wherein when the position information corresponding to D is stored in the second data server, the alignment can be automatically performed by automatically moving the apparatus body based on the position information. system. 11. An ophthalmologic system having a focusing mechanism for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected so as to focus on the eye to be inspected. And a third data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, wherein the ophthalmic apparatus includes an I.S.
D is input, and when the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed in the third data server, position information of the focusing lens is stored in association with the ID, and The focusing mechanism automatically moves the focusing lens based on the position information when the position information corresponding to the ID input to the ophthalmic apparatus is stored in the third data server, and performs the focusing. An ophthalmologic apparatus system, which can automatically execute the processing. 12. An ophthalmologic system having a focusing mechanism for moving a focusing lens provided in an optical system for photographing an eye to be inspected and moving the focusing lens to focus on the eye to be inspected. An apparatus, a fourth data server connected to the ophthalmic apparatus, and a second management in which an ID of a subject is input before the imaging is started, and the ID is transmitted to the fourth data server. When the focusing lens is manually moved and the focusing is performed, the fourth data server stores position information of the focusing lens in association with the ID, The focusing mechanism is configured to receive the I data received by the fourth data server.
When the position information corresponding to D is stored in the fourth data server, the focusing lens can be automatically moved based on the position information to automatically execute the focusing. Ophthalmic equipment system.