JP2002148625A - Liquid crystal display device and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a low-price liquid crystal display device by simplifying the manufacture processes and reducing the material, to decrease the regulating force for the alignment on the substrate interface and to obtain a liquid crystal display device having fast response with respect to a liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the device to be used for the display of characters and images, shutters or the like. SOLUTION: In the liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal held between a pair of substrates, and the azimuth of the liquid crystal molecules is in an almost identical direction when no voltage is applied, and only one of the substrates is subjected to the alignment treatment. Thus, the low-price liquid crystal display device can be obtained by the simplified processes and reduced material, the regulating force for the alignment on the substrate interface can be decreased, and the liquid crystal display device having fast response can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device used for displaying characters and images, a shutter, and the like, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal panel has advantages such as thinness, light weight, low voltage drive, and so on.
Sonal computer, personal word processor
It is used for such purposes. Conventionally used T
An N (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal panel has electrodes formed on upper and lower substrates, and a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is applied between two substrates.
In this method, the liquid crystal is sandwiched between substrates while being twisted by 0 °, and the liquid crystal is switched by a vertical electric field perpendicular to the substrates (FIGS. 9 and 10).

The lateral electric field type is a method in which a pixel electrode and a common electrode are formed on the same substrate, and a liquid crystal molecule is operated by applying a lateral electric field.
It is also called the ane-switching method or the comb electrode method.

In the OCB mode, liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the same direction between upper and lower substrates (spray state), and the liquid crystal molecules at the center of the panel are bent (bend state) by applying a DC voltage, and then driven. It is a method.

Also, the VA method (Vertical Alignment Mod)
e) sandwiches liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy between upper and lower substrates,
When no electric field is applied by a vertical alignment film or the like, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the vertical direction, and when the electric field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the horizontal direction.

Various other liquid crystal systems such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal have been devised.

In these liquid crystal display devices, liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, and an alignment film is formed on the surfaces of both substrates.
Rubbing on top (rubbing in a certain direction with a cloth)
Processing has been applied. This is because TN-type liquid crystal display elements have been mainly used in the past, and it is indispensable to perform an alignment treatment on both substrates, and it is considered that better alignment can be obtained by performing an alignment treatment on both substrates. Because it was. Further, in the VA system, a method in which neither substrate is subjected to a rubbing treatment has been devised. However, in this method, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are inclined when a voltage is applied is not defined, and thus defects frequently occur.

[0008]

However, recently, a reduction in the price of the liquid crystal display device has been required. For that purpose, simplification of the process has been required. In addition, there are also problems such as adhesion of dust and the like in the rubbing process and failure due to destruction of the element due to static electricity.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a low-cost liquid crystal display device by simplifying the steps and reducing the number of materials. It is another object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device having a fast response by reducing the alignment regulating force at the substrate interface.

[0010]

As a result of investigations by the present inventors, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface when no voltage is applied, such as a lateral electric field type liquid crystal, an OCB type liquid crystal, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal. In a liquid crystal display system in which the angles are substantially in the same direction, it has been found that it is not necessary to perform alignment processing on both substrates, and it is only necessary to perform alignment processing on one substrate. As a result of further study, it was found that the orientation control force at the substrate interface was weaker when the orientation process was performed on one substrate than when the orientation process was performed on both substrates.
It has been found that a liquid crystal display element in which liquid crystal molecules move easily and which has a high response can be obtained.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, wherein azimuth angles of liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface when no voltage is applied are substantially the same. In which the orientation process is performed only on one substrate side.

According to the above-mentioned structure, since it is not necessary to perform the alignment treatment on one of the substrates, the number of the alignment treatment steps can be reduced, and the material cost associated therewith can be reduced. In addition, since a defect generated in the alignment process can be reduced, a low-cost liquid crystal display device can be obtained. In addition, since the alignment regulating force at the substrate interface is weak, the liquid crystal molecules are easy to move, and a liquid crystal display device with a high response can be obtained.

Further, the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the substrate on which the alignment treatment is performed is provided with a switching element. By regulating in this way,
Even if minute unevenness is formed on the substrate side on which the switching element is formed, the alignment direction can be aligned.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an alignment process is performed only on a substrate side on which a switching element is formed. It is characterized by being.

According to the above-mentioned structure, since it is not necessary to perform the alignment treatment on one of the substrates, the number of alignment treatment steps can be reduced, and the material cost associated therewith can be reduced. In addition, since a defect generated in the alignment process can be reduced, a low-cost liquid crystal display device can be obtained. In addition, since the alignment regulating force at the substrate interface is weak, the liquid crystal molecules are easy to move, and a liquid crystal display device with a high response can be obtained.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an alignment process is performed after forming an array for driving the liquid crystal on the first substrate, The liquid crystal is injected after the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other without performing the alignment treatment on the substrate.

According to the above-mentioned structure, since it is not necessary to perform the alignment treatment on one of the substrates, the number of alignment treatment steps can be reduced, and the accompanying material cost can be reduced. In addition, since a defect generated in the alignment process can be reduced, a low-cost liquid crystal display device can be obtained. In addition, since the alignment regulating force at the substrate interface is weak, the liquid crystal molecules are easy to move, and a liquid crystal display device with a high response can be obtained.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an alignment process is performed after forming an array for driving the liquid crystal on the first substrate, The liquid crystal is dropped on one or both of the first substrate and the second substrate without performing the alignment treatment on the substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate are attached. And

By adopting the above-mentioned structure, since it is not necessary to perform the alignment treatment on one of the substrates, the number of alignment treatment steps can be reduced, and the accompanying material cost can be reduced. In addition, since a defect generated in the alignment process can be reduced, a low-cost liquid crystal display device can be obtained. In addition, since the alignment regulating force at the substrate interface is weak, the liquid crystal molecules are easy to move, and a liquid crystal display device with a high response can be obtained.

Further, since the time required to evacuate the liquid crystal panel (empty panel) is reduced, it is easy to manufacture even a large substrate. Further, although a large amount of liquid crystal is wasted in vacuum injection, in the present invention, since the amount of liquid crystal is only about the amount sealed in the panel, there is almost no wasted liquid crystal.

The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the alignment treatment is a rubbing treatment. By regulating in this way, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules can be made uniform.

Further, the invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the alignment treatment is to form an alignment film. By regulating in this way, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules can be made uniform.

The invention of claim 8 is characterized in that the alignment processing is an alignment film formation and a rubbing processing. By regulating in this way, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules can be made uniform.

The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the alignment processing is a photo-alignment processing. By regulating in this way, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules can be made uniform. Further, generation of dust due to rubbing and destruction of the element due to static electricity can be prevented.

The invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that the liquid crystal display element is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display element. By restricting in this manner, a fast response horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device can be obtained.

The invention according to claim 11 is characterized in that the liquid crystal display element is a liquid crystal display element that goes through a splay-twist transition. By regulating in this way, a liquid crystal display device (OCB type liquid crystal display device) via a splay-twist transition with a fast response can be obtained.

The invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that the alignment processing is a vertical alignment processing. By regulating in this way, a vertical alignment type (VA mode) liquid crystal display element having a fast response can be obtained.

The invention according to claim 13 is characterized in that the liquid crystal display element is a ferroelectric liquid crystal display element. By regulating in this way, a ferroelectric liquid crystal display element having a fast response can be obtained.

The invention according to claim 14 is characterized in that the liquid crystal display element is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element. By regulating in this way, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display device having a fast response can be obtained.

[0030]

(Embodiment 1) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention when no voltage is applied.

FIG. 1b) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

The substrate on the array side shown in FIG.
a) A single substrate (FIG. 2B) is manufactured by bonding the counter substrate shown in -2.

FIG. 2C) is a top view showing one pixel of the liquid crystal liquid crystal display device (one pixel on the array side substrate 1 is shown).

An embodiment of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described below.

The gate electrode 11 and the common electrode 16 are selectively formed on the glass substrate 1 by using a metal such as Al.

Next, the first gate is formed by using the plasma CVD method.
Then, SiNx to be a gate insulating film 20 is formed, and then a semiconductor layer (TFT: Th) is formed as an active element (switching element) 12.
in Film Transistor).

Next, a signal wiring (source line) 10, a drain line 17, and a pixel electrode 18 are formed using a metal such as Al / Ti.

Thereafter, SiNx is applied as an insulating film (passivation film) 21 to protect the wiring by plasma CVD.
It is formed using a method.

Next, a light shielding film 7 is formed on the glass substrate 2 as a counter substrate.

Next, the coloring layer 3 is formed on the glass substrate 2. As a method for forming the colored layer 3, a photosensitive resist in which a pigment is dispersed is applied onto a substrate, exposed, and developed (the above process is repeated three times to form a colored layer according to each color of red, blue, and green) ).

Thereafter, an overcoat 4 is formed on the glass substrate 2.
Was formed of an acrylic resin.

Next, the opposing glass substrate 2 having the coloring layer 3
Film 6 (AL5417: manufactured by JSR) on a substrate (substrate on which an array is formed) 1 on which substrates and switching elements are formed
Is printed and cured.

Next, the substrate 1 on which the switching elements are formed
Rubbing treatment (treatment of rubbing the substrate surface in one direction with a cloth) is performed on the alignment film. The direction of the rubbing process is shown at 32 in FIG.

No rubbing treatment is performed on the glass substrate 2.

Next, a sealing resin 33 is applied to the edge of the glass substrate 2.
(Struct Bond: manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu). A 4.0 μm glass fiber (manufactured by NEC Corporation) is mixed in the seal resin as a spacer.

Thereafter, resin balls having a diameter of 3.5 μm (Eposter GP-HC: manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) are sprayed as spacers in the display area in order to maintain the distance between the substrates.

Thereafter, the substrate 1 and the opposing substrate 2 are bonded together and heated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to cure the seal resin.

A liquid crystal 9 having a positive dielectric anisotropy is injected into the empty panel prepared as described above by a vacuum injection method (the empty panel is placed in a depressurized tank, and the inside of the panel is evacuated. The liquid crystal is injected into the panel by bringing the liquid crystal into contact with the liquid crystal and returning the pressure in the tank to normal pressure.

Thereafter, a sealing resin 3 is applied to the injection port of the liquid crystal panel.
As photocurable resin No. 4 (Loctite 352A: Nippon Russia)
Cottite) is applied to the entire injection port, and light is applied at 10 mW /
cm ^TwoFor 5 minutes to cure the sealing resin.

A polarizing plate (NPF-HEG14) is formed above and below the liquid crystal display device (outside the glass substrate).
25DU: manufactured by Nitto Denko).

As Comparative Example 1, as shown in FIG. 11, a liquid crystal display device in which rubbing treatment was performed on both the glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2 was produced.

When these liquid crystal display elements are compared, the liquid crystal display element manufactured in Comparative Example 1 has a strong alignment regulating force when no voltage is applied because both substrates are subjected to an alignment treatment, and the response when voltage is applied is low. It was confirmed that it was slower than the present invention. In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, one substrate is not subjected to a rubbing treatment, but since one substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 2) In the first embodiment, the rubbing treatment is not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the alignment film is not formed on the counter substrate 2 side.
Only rubbing treatment was applied. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 3) In the first embodiment, the rubbing treatment is not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the alignment film is not formed on the counter substrate 2 side.
In addition, a liquid crystal display element was manufactured without performing a rubbing treatment. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. In addition, one of the substrates has not been subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment control force is weak, because the molecules are easy to move,
A liquid crystal display device with a fast response was obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 4) In Embodiment 1, after an alignment film is printed on the array substrate 1, a rubbing process is performed.
The rubbing treatment was not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, after the alignment processing by optical alignment was performed on the array substrate 1 side, the liquid crystal was not processed on the counter substrate 2 side. A display element was manufactured. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. Further, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate.
It is preferable to apply it to the substrate on which the switching element is formed.

(Fifth Embodiment) In the first embodiment, the liquid crystal is injected after the opposing substrate 2 and the array substrate 1 are bonded. In the present invention, after the liquid crystal is dropped on the opposing substrate 2, the array substrate 1 is removed. to paste together. By doing this,
Since the time required to evacuate the liquid crystal panel (empty panel) is reduced, it is easy to manufacture even a large substrate. Further, although a large amount of liquid crystal is wasted in vacuum injection, in the present invention, since the amount of liquid crystal is only about the amount sealed in the panel, there is almost no wasted liquid crystal.

(Embodiment 6) FIGS. 3 and 4 show a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure (spray state) of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention when no voltage is applied. FIG. 3B) is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure (bend state) of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention. FIG.
By applying a DC voltage to the splay state of a), the bend state of FIG.

FIG. 3c) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

The substrate on the array side shown in FIG.
a) A single substrate (FIG. 4B) is manufactured by bonding the counter substrate shown in -2.

FIG. 4C) is a top view showing one pixel of the liquid crystal liquid crystal display element (one pixel on the array side substrate 1 is shown).

An embodiment of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS.

As an array substrate, a video signal line (source) 10 and a scanning signal line (gate) 11 are formed in a matrix on a glass substrate 1 as metal wiring, and an active element (switching element) is formed at the intersection. A semiconductor layer (TFT: 12)
Form a Thin Film Transistor). The pixel electrode 13 is formed of a transparent conductive film (ITO: indium oxide-tin oxide) so as to be connected to the active element.

Next, a light-shielding film 7 is formed on the glass substrate 2 as a counter substrate.

Next, the coloring layer 3 is formed on the glass substrate 2. As a method for forming the colored layer 3, a photosensitive resist in which a pigment is dispersed is applied onto a substrate, exposed, and developed (the above process is repeated three times to form a colored layer according to each color of red, blue, and green) ).

Thereafter, overcoat 4 is placed on glass substrate 2.
After forming an acrylic resin as a transparent conductive film (I
A counter electrode 5 made of TO: indium oxide-tin oxide is formed on the entire surface of the counter substrate.

Next, the opposite glass substrate 2 having the coloring layer 3
Film 6 (AL5417: manufactured by JSR) on a substrate (substrate on which an array is formed) 1 on which substrates and switching elements are formed
Is printed and cured.

Next, the substrate 1 on which the switching elements are formed
Rubbing treatment (treatment of rubbing the substrate surface in one direction with a cloth) is performed on the alignment film. The direction of the rubbing process is shown at 32 in FIG. No rubbing treatment is performed on the glass substrate 2.

Next, a sealing resin 33 is applied to the edge of the glass substrate 2.
(Struct Bond: manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu). 5.0 μm glass fiber (manufactured by NEC Corporation) is mixed in the seal resin as a spacer.

Thereafter, resin balls having a diameter of 4.5 μm (Eposter-GP-HC: manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) are scattered as spacers in the display area in order to maintain the distance between the substrates.

Thereafter, the substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 are bonded to each other and heated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to cure the seal resin.

A liquid crystal 9 having a positive dielectric anisotropy is injected into the empty panel manufactured as described above by a vacuum injection method (the empty panel is placed in a depressurized tank, and the inside of the panel is evacuated. The liquid crystal is injected into the panel by bringing the liquid crystal into contact with the liquid crystal and returning the pressure in the tank to normal pressure.

Thereafter, the sealing resin 3 is inserted into the injection port of the liquid crystal panel.
As photocurable resin No. 4 (Loctite 352A: Nippon Russia)
Cottite) is applied to the entire injection port, and light is applied at 10 mW /
cm ^TwoFor 5 minutes to cure the sealing resin.

A polarizing plate (NPF-HEG14) is provided above and below the liquid crystal display element (outside the glass substrate) thus manufactured.
25DU: manufactured by Nitto Denko).

As Comparative Example 2, as shown in FIG. 12, a liquid crystal display device in which rubbing treatment was performed on both the glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2 was manufactured.

When these liquid crystal display elements are driven, a DC voltage of 20 V is applied for 1 second in advance to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules from the spray state to the bend state (the center liquid crystal molecule is bent). Driving was performed in the usual manner.

When these liquid crystal display elements are compared, the liquid crystal display element produced in Comparative Example 2 has a strong alignment regulating force when no voltage is applied because both substrates are subjected to an alignment treatment, and the response when voltage is applied is low. It was confirmed that it was slower than the present invention. In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, one substrate is not subjected to a rubbing treatment, but since one substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 7) In Embodiment 6, rubbing treatment was not performed after forming an alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, no alignment film was formed on the counter substrate 2 side.
Only rubbing treatment was applied. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the sixth embodiment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 8) In the sixth embodiment, the rubbing treatment is not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the alignment film is not formed on the counter substrate 2 side.
In addition, a liquid crystal display element was manufactured without performing a rubbing treatment. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the sixth embodiment.
Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. In addition, one of the substrates has not been subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment control force is weak, because the molecules are easy to move,
A liquid crystal display device with a fast response was obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 9) In Embodiment 6, after printing an alignment film on the array substrate 1 side, a rubbing process is performed.
The rubbing treatment was not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, after the alignment processing by optical alignment was performed on the array substrate 1 side, the liquid crystal was not processed on the counter substrate 2 side. A display element was manufactured. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. Further, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate.
It is preferable to apply it to the substrate on which the switching element is formed.

(Embodiment 10) In the sixth embodiment, the liquid crystal is injected after the opposing substrate 2 and the array substrate 1 are bonded. In the present invention, after the liquid crystal is dropped on the opposing substrate side 2, the array substrate 1 is removed. to paste together. By doing so, the time required to evacuate the liquid crystal panel (empty panel) to a vacuum can be reduced, so that a large substrate can be easily manufactured. Further, although a large amount of liquid crystal is wasted in vacuum injection, in the present invention, since the amount of liquid crystal is only about the amount sealed in the panel, there is almost no wasted liquid crystal.

(Embodiment 11) FIGS. 5 and 6 show a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention when no voltage is applied.

FIG. 5B is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

The array side substrate shown in FIG.
a) A single substrate (FIG. 6B) is manufactured by bonding the counter substrate shown in FIG.

FIG. 6C) is a top view showing one pixel of the liquid crystal liquid crystal display element (one pixel on the array side substrate 1 is shown).

An embodiment of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 will be described below.

As an array substrate, a video signal line (source) 10 and a scanning signal line (gate) 11 are formed in a matrix on a glass substrate 1 as metal wiring, and an active element (switching element) is formed at an intersection of the video signal line (source) 10 and the scanning signal line (gate) 11. A semiconductor layer (TFT: 12)
Form a Thin Film Transistor). The pixel electrode 13 is formed of a transparent conductive film (ITO: indium oxide-tin oxide) so as to be connected to the active element.

Next, a light-shielding film is formed on the glass substrate 2 as a counter substrate.

Next, the coloring layer 3 is formed on the glass substrate 2. As a method for forming the colored layer 3, a photosensitive resist in which a pigment is dispersed is applied onto a substrate, exposed, and developed (the above process is repeated three times to form a colored layer according to each color of red, blue, and green) ).

After that, an overcoat 4 is placed on the glass substrate 2.
After forming an acrylic resin as a transparent conductive film (I
A counter electrode 5 made of TO: indium oxide-tin oxide is formed on the entire surface of the counter substrate.

Next, the opposite glass substrate 2 having the coloring layer 3
A vertical alignment film (0.3% isopropyl alcohol solution of n-octadecyltriethoxysilane) is formed as an alignment film 6 on a substrate (a substrate on which an array is formed) 1 on which a switching element is formed by a printing method. And dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.

Next, the substrate 1 on which the switching elements are formed
Rubbing treatment (treatment of rubbing the substrate surface in one direction with a cloth) is performed on the alignment film. The direction of the rubbing process is shown at 32 in FIG. No rubbing treatment is performed on the glass substrate 2.

Next, a sealing resin 33 is applied to the edge of the glass substrate 2.
(Struct Bond: manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu). 5.0 μm glass fiber (manufactured by NEC Corporation) is mixed in the seal resin as a spacer.

Thereafter, resin balls having a diameter of 4.5 μm (Eposter-GP-HC: manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) are scattered as spacers in the display area in order to keep the distance between the substrates.

Thereafter, the substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 are bonded to each other and heated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to cure the seal resin.

A liquid crystal 30 having negative dielectric anisotropy (MLC-2038: manufactured by Merck) was placed in the empty panel prepared as described above by a vacuum injection method (the empty panel was placed in a depressurized tank,
After the inside of the panel is evacuated, the injection port is brought into contact with the liquid crystal, and the inside of the tank is returned to normal pressure to inject the liquid crystal into the panel.

Thereafter, a sealing resin 3 is applied to the injection port of the liquid crystal panel.
As photocurable resin No. 4 (Loctite 352A: Nippon Russia)
Cottite) is applied to the entire injection port, and light is applied at 10 mW /
cm ^TwoFor 5 minutes to cure the sealing resin.

A polarizing plate (NPF-HEG14) is provided above and below the liquid crystal display element (outside the glass substrate) thus manufactured.
25DU: manufactured by Nitto Denko).

As Comparative Example 3, as shown in FIG. 13, a liquid crystal display device in which rubbing treatment was performed on both the glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2 was produced.

When these liquid crystal display elements are compared, the liquid crystal display element manufactured in Comparative Example 3 has a strong alignment regulating force when no voltage is applied because both substrates are subjected to an alignment treatment, and the response when voltage is applied is low. It was confirmed that it was slower than the present invention. In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, one substrate is not subjected to a rubbing treatment, but since one substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 12) In the eleventh embodiment, the rubbing treatment was not performed after the alignment film was formed on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the rubbing treatment was performed without forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. Only treatment was applied. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the eleventh embodiment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. Further, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate.
It is preferable to apply it to the substrate on which the switching element is formed.

(Thirteenth Embodiment) In the eleventh embodiment, the rubbing treatment is not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the alignment film is not formed on the counter substrate 2 side, and A liquid crystal display element was produced without performing a rubbing treatment. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the eleventh embodiment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. Substrate on which switching elements are formed (array substrate)
Since more fine irregularities are formed on the substrate than on the counter substrate, it is preferable to perform the alignment process on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed.

Fourteenth Embodiment In the eleventh embodiment, the rubbing process is performed after the alignment film is printed on the array substrate 1 side, and the rubbing process is not performed after the alignment film is formed on the counter substrate 2 side. In the present invention, a liquid crystal display element was manufactured without performing an alignment process on the counter substrate 2 side after performing an alignment process on the array substrate 1 side by optical alignment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate. Therefore, the orientation treatment is preferably performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable.

(Embodiment 15) In Embodiment 11, the liquid crystal is injected after the opposing substrate 2 and the array substrate 1 are bonded. In the present invention, after the liquid crystal is dropped on the opposing substrate 2,
The array substrate 1 is attached. By doing so, the time required to evacuate the liquid crystal panel (empty panel) to a vacuum can be reduced, so that a large substrate can be easily manufactured. Further, although a large amount of liquid crystal is wasted in vacuum injection, in the present invention, since the amount of liquid crystal is only about the amount sealed in the panel, there is almost no wasted liquid crystal.

(Embodiment 16) FIGS. 7 and 8 show a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7A is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention when no voltage is applied.

FIG. 7B) is a top view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention when no voltage is applied.

FIG. 7c) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 7 (c) is a top view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

The substrate on the array side shown in FIG.
a) A single substrate (FIG. 8B) is manufactured by bonding the counter substrate shown in -2.

FIG. 8C is a top view showing one pixel of the liquid crystal liquid crystal display element (one pixel on the array side substrate 1 is shown).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 will be described.

As an array substrate, a video signal line (source) 10 and a scanning signal line (gate) 11 are formed in the form of a matrix on a glass substrate 1 as metal wiring, and an active element (switching element) is formed at the intersection thereof. A semiconductor layer (TFT: 12)
Form a Thin Film Transistor). The pixel electrode 13 is formed of a transparent conductive film (ITO: indium oxide-tin oxide) so as to be connected to the active element.

Next, a light-shielding film is formed on the glass substrate 2 as a counter substrate.

Next, the coloring layer 3 is formed on the glass substrate 2. As a method for forming the colored layer 3, a photosensitive resist in which a pigment is dispersed is applied onto a substrate, exposed, and developed (the above process is repeated three times to form a colored layer according to each color of red, blue, and green) ).

Thereafter, an overcoat 4 is placed on the glass substrate 2.
After forming an acrylic resin as a transparent conductive film (I
A counter electrode 5 made of TO: indium oxide-tin oxide is formed on the entire surface of the counter substrate.

Next, the opposite glass substrate 2 having the coloring layer 3
Film 6 (AL5417: manufactured by JSR) on a substrate (substrate on which an array is formed) 1 on which substrates and switching elements are formed
Is printed and cured.

Next, the substrate 1 on which the switching elements are formed
Rubbing treatment (treatment of rubbing the substrate surface in one direction with a cloth) is performed on the alignment film. The direction of the rubbing process is shown at 32 in FIG. No rubbing treatment is performed on the glass substrate 2.

Next, a sealing resin 33 is applied to the edge of the glass substrate 2.
(Struct Bond: manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu). 5.0 μm glass fiber (manufactured by NEC Corporation) is mixed in the seal resin as a spacer.

Thereafter, resin balls having a diameter of 4.5 μm (Eposter-GP-HC: manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) are sprayed as spacers in the display area in order to keep the distance between the substrates.

Thereafter, the substrate 1 and the counter substrate 2 are bonded to each other and heated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to cure the seal resin.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal 31 was injected into the empty panel prepared as described above by a vacuum injection method (the empty panel was placed in a depressurized tank, the panel was evacuated, and the injection port was brought into contact with the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is injected into the panel by returning the pressure in the tank to normal pressure.

Thereafter, the sealing resin 3 is inserted into the injection port of the liquid crystal panel.
As photocurable resin No. 4 (Loctite 352A: Nippon Russia)
Cottite) is applied to the entire injection port, and light is applied at 10 mW /
cm ^TwoFor 5 minutes to cure the sealing resin.

A polarizing plate (NPF-HEG14) is provided above and below the liquid crystal display element (outside the glass substrate) thus manufactured.
25DU: manufactured by Nitto Denko).

As Comparative Example 4, as shown in FIG. 14, a liquid crystal display device in which rubbing treatment was performed on both the glass substrate 1 and the glass substrate 2 was manufactured.

When these liquid crystal display elements are compared, the liquid crystal display element produced in Comparative Example 4 has a strong alignment regulating force when no voltage is applied because both substrates are subjected to an alignment treatment, and the response when voltage is applied is low. It was confirmed that it was slower than the present invention. In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, one substrate is not subjected to a rubbing treatment, but since one substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable. Although the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal may be used.

(Embodiment 17) In the sixteenth embodiment, the rubbing treatment was not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the alignment film was not formed on the counter substrate 2 side and the rubbing treatment was performed. Only treatment was applied. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the sixteenth embodiment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. Further, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate.
It is preferable to apply it to the substrate on which the switching element is formed. Although the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal may be used.

(Embodiment 18) In the sixteenth embodiment, the rubbing treatment is not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. However, in the present invention, the alignment film is not formed on the counter substrate 2 side, and A liquid crystal display element was produced without performing a rubbing treatment. The array substrate 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in the sixteenth embodiment. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. Substrate on which switching elements are formed (array substrate)
Since more fine irregularities are formed on the substrate than on the counter substrate, it is preferable to perform the alignment process on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. Although the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal may be used.

(Embodiment 19) In the sixteenth embodiment, the rubbing treatment is performed after the alignment film is printed on the array substrate 1 side, and the rubbing treatment is not performed after forming the alignment film on the counter substrate 2 side. In the present invention, a liquid crystal display element was manufactured without performing an alignment process on the counter substrate 2 side after performing an alignment process by optical alignment on the array substrate 1 side. Even in this case, since the alignment treatment is performed on one substrate, the liquid crystal molecules on the other substrate are also aligned in the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Further, since one substrate was not subjected to the alignment treatment, the alignment regulating force was weak, and the molecules were easily moved, so that a liquid crystal display device having a fast response could be obtained. In addition, the substrate on which the switching elements are formed (array substrate) has a larger number of fine irregularities than the counter substrate, so that the orientation treatment is performed on the substrate on which the switching elements are formed. preferable. Although the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal may be used.

(Embodiment 20) In Embodiment 16, the liquid crystal is injected after the opposing substrate 2 and the array substrate 1 are bonded. In the present invention, after the liquid crystal is dropped on the opposing substrate 2,
The array substrate 1 is attached. By doing so, the time required to evacuate the liquid crystal panel (empty panel) to a vacuum can be reduced, so that a large substrate can be easily manufactured. Further, although a large amount of liquid crystal is wasted in vacuum injection, in the present invention, since the amount of liquid crystal is only about the amount sealed in the panel, there is almost no wasted liquid crystal. Although the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal may be used.

Further, in this embodiment, the liquid crystal display methods such as the in-plane switching method (IPS), the OCB method, the VA method, the ferroelectric liquid crystal, and the antiferroelectricity are described. If the azimuth angles are substantially the same, other liquid crystal and display methods are also possible.

In this embodiment, both substrates are formed of glass substrates, but one or both substrates may be formed of a film or plastic.

Further, a colored film may be used as the insulating film or the alignment film.

In the present invention, a three-terminal TFT is used as an active element, but a two-terminal MIM (Metal) is used.
-Insulator-Metal), ZnO varistor, SiNx diode, a-Si diode, etc. may be used.
Further, a passive panel in which no active element is formed may be used.

Further, in the present invention, the case where an overcoat or an insulating film is provided under the alignment film or on the substrate side where the alignment film is not formed is shown. Such a type may be used, and an overcoat or an insulating film may not be formed.

In the present invention, the resin ball is used to maintain the cell thickness. However, the cell thickness may be maintained by forming columns with photosensitive resin or the like.

The color filter may be prepared by a dyeing method, a printing method, an ink-jet method or the like instead of the pigment dispersion method. The display element can be provided without a color filter.

[0144]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates, the azimuth of liquid crystal molecules at the substrate interface when no voltage is applied is substantially the same. Since only one of the substrates is subjected to an alignment process, a low-cost liquid crystal display element can be obtained by simplifying the process and reducing the number of materials. A display element can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment when no voltage is applied. B) A schematic view illustrating a structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment when a voltage is applied. Cross section shown

FIG. 2 a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in the first embodiment b) a top view showing a structure of a liquid crystal display device in the first embodiment c) a liquid crystal liquid crystal display device in the first embodiment Top view showing one pixel of

FIG. 3 a) a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixth embodiment when no voltage is applied (spray state); b) when a DC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element according to the sixth embodiment ( C) a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structure in a bend state) c) a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixth embodiment when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 4 a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in the sixth embodiment b) a top view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device in the sixth embodiment c) a liquid crystal liquid crystal display device in the sixth embodiment Top view showing one pixel of

5A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the eleventh embodiment when no voltage is applied. B) The structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the eleventh embodiment when a voltage is applied. Cross section shown

FIG. 6 a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in the eleventh embodiment b) a top view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device in the eleventh embodiment c) a liquid crystal liquid crystal display device in the eleventh embodiment Top view showing one pixel of

7A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixteenth embodiment when no voltage is applied. B) A schematic view illustrating a structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixteenth embodiment when no voltage is applied. C) A cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixteenth embodiment when a voltage is applied. D) The schematic view illustrating the structure of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixteenth embodiment when a voltage is applied. Top view

8) a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in the sixteenth embodiment b) a top view showing a structure of a liquid crystal display element in the sixteenth embodiment c) a liquid crystal liquid crystal display element in the sixteenth embodiment Top view showing one pixel of

9A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of a conventional TN liquid crystal display element when no voltage is applied. B) A cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of a conventional TN liquid crystal display element when a voltage is applied.

10] a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in a conventional TN liquid crystal display element. B) a top view showing a structure of a conventional TN liquid crystal display element. C) one pixel of a conventional TN liquid crystal display element. Top view showing

11) a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in a conventional in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device. B) a top view showing a structure of a conventional in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device. C) a conventional in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device. Top view showing one pixel of

12] a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in a conventional OCB type liquid crystal display element. B) a top view showing a structure of a conventional OCB type liquid crystal display element. C) one pixel of a conventional OCB type liquid crystal display element. Top view showing

13] a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in a conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element. B) a top view showing a structure of a conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element. C) a conventional vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element. Top view showing one pixel of

14) a) a top view showing an array substrate and a counter substrate in a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display element. B) a top view showing the structure of a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display element. C) a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal display element. Top view showing one pixel of

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference numerals 1 and 2 Glass substrate 3 Color layer 4 Overcoat 5 Counter electrode 6 Alignment film 7 Shielding film 9 Liquid crystal molecules 10 Video signal line (source line) 11 Scanning signal line (gate line) 12 Active Element 13 Pixel electrode 15 Insulating film 16 Common electrode 17 Drain line 18 Pixel electrode (transverse electric field method) 20 Gate insulating film 21 Insulating film (passivation film) 30 Liquid crystal molecules (negative dielectric anisotropy) 31 Liquid crystal Molecules (ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules) 32 Rubbing direction 33 Seal resin 34 Sealing resin

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Akio Takimoto 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Inside Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Terms (reference) 2H090 HB07Y JB02 JC17 KA04 KA13 LA04 MA01 MA07 MA16 MB02 MB14 5C094 AA13 AA43 AA44 AA45 BA02 BA43 CA19 ED20 GB01 5G435 AA17 BB12 CC09 FF01 KK05

Claims (23)

[Claims] In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an azimuth of liquid crystal molecules at a substrate interface when no voltage is applied is substantially the same direction, and an alignment process is performed only on one substrate side. A liquid crystal display element characterized by being applied. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a switching element is formed on the substrate on which the alignment processing has been performed. 3. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between a pair of substrates, wherein an alignment process is performed only on a substrate side on which a switching element is formed. Liquid crystal display element. 4. In a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an alignment process is performed after an array for driving the liquid crystal is formed on a first substrate, and an alignment process is performed on a second substrate. Liquid crystal is injected after the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other without performing the method. 5. In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an alignment process is performed after an array for driving the liquid crystal is formed on a first substrate, and an alignment process is performed on a second substrate. A liquid crystal is dropped on one or both of the first substrate and the second substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other. Production method. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment treatment is a rubbing treatment. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment treatment is to form an alignment film. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment process is an alignment film formation and a rubbing process. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment process is a photo alignment process. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device that passes through a splay-twist transition. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the alignment process is a vertical alignment process. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device. 14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display device. 15. The method according to claim 4, wherein the alignment treatment is a rubbing treatment. 16. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein said alignment treatment is formation of an alignment film. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein the alignment processing is an alignment film formation and a rubbing processing. 18. The method according to claim 4, wherein the alignment process is a photo alignment process. 19. The method according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. 20. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device via a splay-twist transition. 21. The method according to claim 4, wherein the alignment treatment is a vertical alignment treatment. 22. The method according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a ferroelectric liquid crystal display device. 23. The method according to claim 4, wherein the liquid crystal display element is an antiferroelectric liquid crystal display element.