IE54843B1 - Trigger sprayer - Google Patents

Abstract

A trigger sprayer pump for dispensing a fluid from a container includes a body (12) containing a pumping chamber (46) having an inlet (56) and an outlet conduit (62). A piston (18) is reciprocably mounted in the pumping chamber (46), the piston (18) having a convexly contoured outer end surface (104). A trigger (16) pivotally mounted and locked to the body (12) has a plurality of triangular supports (100) co-joined to form a tapered socket (102) receiving the outer end surface (104) of the piston (18). A channel-defining insert (24) is received in the outlet conduit (60), the insert (24) having a centrally situated, forwardly facing, fixed surface (175, 176). The fixed surface can be concave (176) or a convex (175) protuberance. An elastic, cup-chaped member (26) secured at its periphery (162) to the body (12) has a central aperture (150) situated in contact with and closed by the fixed surface (175, 176). The central aperture (150) of the cup-chaped member (26) is a cavity in the center of the interior surface of the member extending only partway through the member, at least two depressions (154, 156) on the exterior surface (158) of the member spaced from each other yet each intersecting the cavity (150), and a swirl chamber (166) situated between and connected to the depressions (154, 156). The top (14) of the pump (10) is mechanically secured to the outside of the outlet conduit (61) by tabs (81) straddling and locking to the conduit (61). [EP0098508A1]

Description

The present invention is directed to a hand-operated pump for dispensing fluid from a container, with a body containing a pumping chamber with an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, a trigger connected to the body for varying the volume of the pumping chamber and a nozzle assembly for controlling the release of fluid from the pumping 15 chamber outlet, with an elastic, cup-shaped member secured at its periphery to the body and being adapted to normally close the outlet and being provided with a swirl chamber in the exterior surface thereof.

A variety of simple and inexpensive hand-operated pumps for use as 20 dispensers of liquid have been developed which include means for engaging containers from which a liquid is to be dispensed under pressure generated by the pumping mechanism. A wide variety of designs of such pumps have evolved having common operational goals of serviceability and durability at minimum cost. Typically, such pumps 25 are not sold as a separate item to the ultimate consumer, but, rather, are included as a dispensing feature on a container filled with a particular liquid, the functional attributes of the liquid representing the major marketing aspect of the produce as a whole.

Various improvements have been attempted so as to accommodate standard containers of liquids in a manner as to preclude leakage or other possible accidental displacement from the container, particularly prior to the initial sale to the ultimate consumer. Usually, such dispensers include a trigger member, plunger, or-other protruding element which is 35 intended to be moved manually to operate a pump piston with a body, usually against the force of a return spring, so that liquid may be pumped from the container and dispensed through an ejection nozzle or outlet. Preferably, the ejecting nozzle is one -2- which may be varied so as to eject the liquid in the form of a stream or spray. The nozzle structure typically also includes a seal so as to prevent fluid leakage, with the seal being readily openable by the ultimate consumer and readily resealable to thereby easily provide for storage of the container of liquid by the ultimate consumer.

To minimize cost, the various parts of the dispenser are increasingly made of plastic resins suitable for injection molding. Further, the designs have tended to be increasingly simplified and the number of separately molded parts minimized so that the assembly of the parts might be mechanized. A wide variety of hand-operated pumps exhibiting many of the aforementioned characteristics are to be found in the prior art, examples of which are disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,650,473; 3,585,739; 4,161,288; 4,191,313; and 4,257,539.

A hand-operated pump of the type as mentioned above is e.g. disclosed in the US Patent Specification No. 4,151,288. The cup-shaped member includes a rearward facing cone, which blocks the end of an outlet conduit.

It is the task of the present invention to improve the dispensing behaviour of a hand-operated pump of the type as mentioned above.

To solve this task the above stated hand-operated pump is characterized therein that the outlet chamber (60) comprises a centrally situated forwardly facing surface fixed with respect to the pump body and that the cup-shaped member is provided with a central aperture, situated normally in contact with said forwardly facing surface to close the outlet, that a cavity is provided on the interior surface of the cup-shaped member extending only partway through the member, that at least two depressions are provided on the exterior surface of the member spaced from each other yet intersecting the central cavity, and that the swirl chamber is situated between and connected to the depressions.

According to these features the nozzle includes a centrally situated forwardly facing fixed surface. The fixed surface acts against the rearwardly facing surface of the elastic cup-shaped member which is -3- secured at its periphery to the body. The cup-shaped member includes a central aperture situated in contact with the forwardly facing fixed surface such that in its normal unstretched position the central apertures close by the fixed surface. This feature has the advantage 5 of ensuring a good mechanical seal at the outlet of the hand-operated pump with a minimum number of moving parts. The fixed surface can be in the form of a forwardly protruding convex surface which contacts an inside edge of the central aperture in the cup-shaped member to seal the outlet. Alternatively the fixed surface can be in the form of a 10 forwardly facing concave surface which captures the outside edge of an inner portion of the cup-shaped member to seal the outlet.

No clogging or sticking of the cup-shaped member in an open position is expected with a wide variety of liquids. The central aperture of the 15 cup-shaped member leads to a swirl chamber which functions in a conventional manner to cause the liquid to be sprayed when a cap which is adjustably connected to the body of the sprayer is appropriately positioned. With the cap situated in yet other positions, the liquid can be dispensed in the form of a stream or can be prevented from being 20 dispensed entirely.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention the trigger is pivotally connected to the body by trunnions extending outwardly from the trigger. The trunnions include rearwardly and upwardly sloping 25 surfaces which permit mechanized insertion of the trigger into the body. A snap-action fit is achieved by a thinned front section of the trigger which permits the partial collapse of the trigger as it is being inserted into the body. A pair of resilient fingers project downwardly and forwardly from the body to engage trunnion support 30 surfaces of the trigger to bias the trunnions outwardly into engagement with the body.

The trigger includes on a back surface a concave seat which receives an outwardly projecting nose of a piston protruding from a pumping 35 cylinder of the sprayer. The concave seat is configured such that the nose of the piston is self-centering with respect to the trigger during the entire stroke within the cylinder . The cylinder itself includes a vent aperture leading to the container to which the pump is connected.

The vent aperture is covered by an integral flange of the piston when the piston is in extreme outward position, the integral flange on the piston projecting toward the open end of the pumping cylinder, thereby preventing leakage from the container should the container be accidentally upset. A separate closed end facing flange acts to seal the pumping cylinder against the liquid to be dispensed.

According to a further preferred embodiment the invention also includes a forwardly directed outlet conduit between the nozzle and the pumping cylinder, wherein side walls are spaced laterally from the conduit and extending rearwardly from the nozzle area define the outer perimeter of the dispensing pump. An upper edge of the side wall defines an opening into which a top is received, the top having a peripheral flange situated inside the upper edge of the side wall. A pair of longitudinal tabs depend from the top to straddle the outlet conduit.

A locking means is provided for mechanically snap-locking the top to the outlet conduit. This eliminates any need for adhesives, sonic welds, or the like to secure the top of the body portion of the dispensing pump. Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following discussion and the accompanying figures illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention, the same being the best mode for carrying out the invention as perceived by the inventor. In the figures: Fig. 1 is a sectional detail view of a hand-operated pump in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional detail of the flexible nozzle cup shown enlarged from Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a partial plan view of the flexible nozzle cup as viewed from the left side of and enlarged from Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a channel-defining insert received in the outlet chamber of the pump.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of the invention similar to Fig. 1, but using an alternative channel-defining insert with the cap displaced to the spray position and the trigger actuated to the compressed position; 5 Fig. 6 is a back elevation view of the trigger showing the concave piston-receiving seat; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the alternative channel-defining insert shown in Fig. 5; 10 Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional detail of the alternative channel-defining insert in cooperative engagement with the nozzle cup; Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Fig. 1; 15 Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the trigger with portions of the body being broken away to show the trigger as it is being inserted into the body; 20 Fig. 11 is a top plan view similar to Fig. 10 showing the trigger after it is fully inserted; and Fig. 12 is a sectional view of Fig. 11 taken along lines 12-12.

As shown in detail in the accompanying figures, the pump 10 comprises a body 12 having a separately molded top 14 fixed to the body 12. A trigger 16 is pivotally attached to the body and operates on piston 18, having an optional liner 20 as shown in Fig. 5, against the outward bias provided by spring 22. The body 12 receives a channel-defining 30 insert 24 which cooperates with an elastic cup member 26 and nozzle cap 28 to control the output of the pump. As tern insert 30 which includes a ball 32 is received with the body and acts to retain the pump in position on a fluid container (not illustrated) by means of securing ring 34, the feed tube 36 extending downwardly toward the bottom of the 35 fluid container.

The body 12 includes a stem portion 38 which consists of an outer cylindrical wall or skirt 40 and an inner cylindrical wall 42 which -6- define therebetween a sleeve space 44 for receiving the stem insert 30. The body 12 also includes a pumping cylinder 46 defined by cylindrical wall 48, the pumping cylinder having an opened end 50 and a closed end 52. An inlet chamber 54 is defined by the inner cylindrical wall 42 of the stem portion 38 and the outer surface of cylindrical wall 48. The inlet chamber 54 is connected to the pumping cylinder 46 near the closed end 52 thereof by means of inlet opening 56.

A forwardly projecting portion 58 of the pump 10 includes a generally cylindrical outlet chamber 60 within conduit 61 which is connected to the pumping cylinder 46 by means of outlet opening 62. The longitudinal cylindrical outlet chamber 60 further includes an inner portion 64 which is separated from an outer portion 66 of larger diameter by a step 68. An outer surface 70 of the forwardly projecting portion 58 includes an appropriate thread structure 72 for cooperating with threads on cap 28. The forwardly projecting portion 58 also includes a ring-like depression 74 for receiving the outer periphery of the elastic cup member 26. A forwardly facing surface 59 of the portion 58 is provided with a lower edge 57 which functions as a stop means for trigger 16.

The body 12 includes a longitudinal web or side wall 76 extending down each side of the body from the forwardly projecting portion 58 to the stem portion 38 and across the back of body 12. The web 76 terminates in an upper edge 78 which mates with a lower edge 80 of top 14. The top 14 includes a periphery flange 79 shown in Fig. 9 which extends substantially completely around the perimeter of the top, the flange 79 being received inside the upper edge 78 of web 76. A pair of longitudinally extending tabs 81 depend from a central portion 81' of top 14 to straddle the outlet conduit 61.

A locking means 75 is provided for locking the top 14 to the body 12. The locking means 75 includes a longitudinally extending flange 73 on each side of outlet conduit 61. A flange-engaging means 71 on each of the tabs 81 engages the adjacent lateral flange 73. The flange-engaging means is shown in Fig. 9 to be a longitudinally extending, inwardly and upwardly projecting hook portion 69. The hook portion 69 is preferably wider than the lateral flange 73, the -7- flange-engaging means 71 being spaced such that the inner surface of the hook portion 69 contacts the sides of the outlet conduit 61.

The opened end 50 of the pumping cylinder 45 includes an outwardly tapered flange 84 shown in Fig. 1 which permits ease in assembly of the piston 18, liner 20, and spring 22 within the pumping cylinder 46. The assembly is additionally simplified by the presence of an integral spring centering protrusion 53 on closed end 52 of the pumping cylinder 46. The protrusion 53 acts to center the spring 22 within the cylinder 46, thereby preventing the spring 22 from contacing and possibly damaging a sealing flange 112, 114, or 116 on the piston 18 or optional liner 20, respectively. Near the opened end 50 of pumping cyliner 46 is vent aperture 86 which leads from the pumping cylinder 46 to the sleeve space 44.

The trigger 16 includes a web 88 including a substantially thinned upper portion 89 defining a forward surface of the trigger 16 having upper edge 91 extending laterally to contact stop means 57 and two rearwardly projecting flanges 90 and 92 on opposite sides of web 88 as shown in Figs. 1, 5, and 6. The upper portion 94 of trigger 16 includes upwardly and rearwardly inclined edges 96 on trunnion support surfaces 95. Trunnions 82 extend outward from the trunnion support surfaces and include upwardly and rearwardly sloping distal terminating surfaces 83. The trunnion supporting surfaces 95 each include guide webs 93 which straddle resilient fingers 63 which project forwardly and downwardly from conduit 61.

The insertion of the trigger 16 into engagement with the body 12 occurs along a line generally parallel to the axis of cylinder 46 and in line with fingers 63 as shown in Figs. 10 through 12. When the trigger 16 initially enters the body 12 between the two side walls or webs 76, the guide webs 93 straddle the forward ends 65 of fingers 63 and the sloping surfaces 83 of the trunnions 82 come in contact with the lower front edge 75 of webs 76 of the body 12. As the trigger starts to move into the body, the thinned portion 89 of web 88 bends inwardly to permit the trunnion-supporting surfaces 95 to move toward each other as shown in Fig. 10, thus permitting the trunnions 82 to slide past the lower front edge 75 of bearing 77. As the distal ends of trunnions 82 -8- become coaxially aligned with bearings 77, the trunnions snap outward into the position shown in Figs. 11 and 12 under the at least partial influence of fingers 63, the thinned section 89 of web 88 returning to a substantially planar configuration.

The internal arcuate surface 98 of laterally extending portions 97 of trigger 16 can contact the lower front edge 75 of webs 76 and bearing 77 to function as a stop means to prevent the trigger 16 from being driven significantly past final position shown in Fig. 11. The sloping distal surfaces 83 on trunnions 82 can contact the top portion 81 of the bearing 77 to act as a locating means to position the trunnions 82 of the trigger 16 properly within the bearings 77. The trunnion bearing 77 is provided with maximum strength by a lower portion 77' unitary with the side webs 76 of the body 12, and a top portion 81 spaced inside each web 76 and connected unitarily to the lower portion 77'. The trigger 16 is thus pivotally supported by trunnions 82 which terminate inside webs 76 and which are surrounded by the trunnion bearings 77.

On the rear side of the trigger 16 between flanges 90 and 92 and supported on web 88 are four generally triangular supports 100, as shown in Fig. 6, the bases of which come together to form a concave tapered socket 102 for receiving the outer end surface of piston 18. Piston 18 includes a nose 104 which is snugly received in the socket 102 defined by the supports 100 on the rear surface of web 88 of trigger 16. The piston 18 extends rearwardly from the nose 104 with a tapered conical portion 106 leading to a cylindrical portion 108. A central opening 110 is provided in the piston 18, which central opening 110 can receive the liner 20. At the end opposite the nose 104 of piston 18 are a pair of integral flanges 112 and 114. Flange 112 is forwrdly directed toward the open end of the pumping chamber 46, while flange 114 is rearwardly directed toward the closed end of pumping cylinder 46.

When the piston 18 and trigger 16 are situated in a relaxed position as shown in Fig. 1, the flanges 112 and 114 lie on opposite sides of vent aperture 86. As the trigger 16 of pump 10 is actuated rearwardly as shown in Fig. 5, the forward-facing flange 112 moves toward the closed -9- end 52 of pumping cylinder 46, thereby opening vent aperature 86 to the atmosphere through the opened end 50 of the pumping cylinder. As the trigger 16 is then released from the position shown in Fig. 5, the restoring force of spring 22 displaces the piston and trigger back 5 toward the position shown in Fig. 1, and flange 112 again seals vent aperture 86 so as to prevent accidental spillage of the contents of the container to which the pump is connected.

The liner 20, which is optional, includes a second rearwardly facing 10 flange 116 which acts to ensure the fluid seal of the pumping chamber 46 at all times. As the trigger moves from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 5, the pumping cylinder 46 comes under a compressive force due to the rearward movement of liner 20 and piston 18. Any liquid present in the cylinder 46 is prevented from moving 15 downward into feed tube 36 by virtue of the presence of the ball 32 cooperating with a conically tapered sealing surface 118 on the interior of stem insert 30 which, together with ball 32, forms a lower check valve for the pump mechanism 10.

The stem insert 30 also includes a plurality of protuberances 120 immediately above ball 32 which prevent the ball from escaping from the check valve configuration illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5. The stem insert 30 includes an outer cylindrical wall 122 and an inner cylindrical wall 124 integrally joined by a ring-shaped web 126. The 25 conically tapered sealing surface 118 and protuberances 120 can be seen to exist on selected portions of the interior surface of the inner cylindrical wall. Below the check valve which is formed by ball 32 and tapered sealing surface 118 is the feed tube 36 which is snugly received on the inner surface of the lower portion of the inner 30 cylindrical wall 124. The outer portion 128 of the upper portion of the inner cylindrical wall 124 is snugly received within the inner cylindrical wall 42 of the stem portion 38 of body 12 to form a fluid-tight seal defining the lower portion of inlet chamber 54.

The stem 30 is preferably spin-welded into position within the stem portion 38. Alternatively, the outer surface 130 of the outer cylindrical wall 122 can include at least one downwardly directed ridge 132 as shown in Fig. 5. The ridge 132 can engage a lower surface 134 -10- of a locking aperture 136 which is located in the front portion of stem 38 of body 12 as shown in Fig. 5.' The locking aperture 136 comprises a generally horizontal slot, the lower surface 134 of which is slightly angularly inclined so as to lockingly engage with a downwardly projecting ridge 132 on stem insert 30. Alternatively, one or more rings can be provided which extend around the inner surface of skirt 40 to provide locking engagement with one or more ridges 132 of insert 30.

A lower end of the stem insert 30 includes an outwardly projecting flange 138. On the lower surface of flange 138 are ridges 140 intended to ensure good sealing characteristics between the stem insert 30 and the upper surface of the finish of any container to which the pump 10 is secured. The upper surface 142 of flange 138 of stem 30 engages an inwardly projecting ring portion 144 of securing ring 34. While in Fig. 1 the interior surface of securing ring 34 is shown to include screw threads 146, other finish-engaging features other than screw threads 146 can be employed.

The ring-like web 126 joining the outer cylindrical wall 122 and inner cylindrical wall 124 of stem insert 30 includes aperture 148 which leads from sleeve space 44 in the stem portion 38 of body 12 down into the head space above the liquid contained in the holder to which the pump is applied. The opening 148, together with the opening 86, provides a clear vent passage for the entry of air from the atmosphere into the container simultaneously with the movement of liquid from the container through inlet chamber 54 into the pumping cylinder 46. As the trigger 16 is released from the position shown in Fig. 5 to return to the position shown in Fig. 1, the seals 112,114, and optional seal 116 prevent any air fromn entering pumping chamber 46. The resulting enlargement in size of pumping chamber 46 causes liquid to enter the feed tube 36 and move upward past ball 32 through the inlet chamber 54 and inlet opening 56 into the pumping chamber 46.

The nozzle assembly which includes the insert 24, the cup member 26, and cap 28 are shown in Fig. 1 in a closed position. That is, the cap 28 is positioned so as to hold cup member 26 in fixed location such that a rear surface of the cup 26 seals against the forward facing surface 173 of insert 24. Two alternative embodiments of the stem -11 insert 24 are shown in Figs. 4 and 7. The elastic cup member 25 shown in greater detail in Figs. 2 and 3 comprises a central rearwardly facing aperture 150, which aperture is a circular cavity in the center of the interior surface 152 of cup member 26. The central aperture 150 extends only partway through member 26. A pair of depressions 154 and 156 on the front or exterior surface 158 intersect with the central rear-facing aperture 150 to form pathways 160 for fluid exiting the pump as shown in Figs. 2,3 and 5. The cup 26 includes a ring-shaped lip 162 which cooperatively engages in depression 74 of the forwardly projecting portion 58 of the body 12 of the pump. The cup member 26 is dimensioned such that, in the absence of any significant fluid pressure, the edge 164 of central aperture 150 contacts and seals against the forwardly facing portion 175 or 176 of insert 24 as shown in Figs. 1 and 8.

When the cap 28 is moved from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 5, there is a small space which occurs between cap 28 and the exterior surface 158 of cup member 26. As the fluid pressure in the pump increases with the action of the trigger and piston mechanism, the elastic cup 26 deforms slightly and stretches fromthe position shown in Fig. 8 to the position shown in Fig. 5 due to its inherent elasticity sufficiently to cause pathways 160 to occur, at which time the fluid may pass by insert 24 into central aperture 150 and from there into forward-facing depressions 154 and 156. With the cap 28 positioned as shown in Fig. 5, the elastic stretching of cup 26 is sufficient to again cause the front surface 158 of the cup 26 to contact the interior of cup 28. This causes the exiting fluid to behave as illustrated in Fig. 3. That is, the cup 26 includes a shallow swirl chamber 166 on the front surface 158 between and connected to depressions 154 and 156. The fluid following pathways 160 as illustrated in Fig. 3 gains an angular momentum component due to the swirl chamber 166 and exits through the central orifice 168 of cap 28 in the form of a spray.

If cap 28 is further moved an additional distance to the position shown in phantom in Fig. 5, then liquid following pathways 160 is not confined to the swirl chamber 166, and hence no significant angular -12- momentum component is achieved and the liquid exits through opening 168 in the form of a stream.

The insert 24 shown in more detail in Fig. 4 includes a smaller diameter section 170 and a larger diameter section 172 joined by a shoulder 174. The outer dimensions of the smaller diameter portion 170 are intended to guide the insert 24 into the inner portion 64 of chamber 60 to be snugly secured therein by a tight friction fit. The rearward-facing shoulder 174 is caused to firmly abut step 68 which separates the inner portion 64 of the outlet chamber 60 from the outer portion 66. This causes a forwardly protruding portion or nose 176 of insert 24 to be reliably positioned within the outer portion 66 of the outlet chamber 60 so as to cooperate with the edge 164 of the central opening 150 of cup 26 as previously described.

The insert 24 shown in more detail in Fig. 7 includes the same smaller diametered section 170 joined to the larger diametered section 172 by step shoulder 174. The larger diametered section 172 is somewhat longer in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and as compared to that shown in Figs. 1 and 4. The larger diametered section 172 of the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 7 is dimensioned to provide a cylindrical space 171 between insert 24 and outer portion 6 of the outlet chamber 60.

The forwardly facing surface of the insert 24 includes a concave portion 175 which surrounds and nestingly receives lip 164 of cup-shaped member 26 as shown in Fig. 8.

In both embodiments of insert 24, a plurality of tapered channels 178 are provided along the edge of insert 24 to permit the fluid to pass from the inner portion 64 to the outer portion 66 of the outlet chamber 60. The surface 175 or 176 of insert 24 is centrally situated in the outer portion 66 of the outlet chamber 60 and acts as a fixed surface against which the elastic cup-shaped member 26 rests when not subjected to fluid pressures. In this manner, the forward facing fixed surface including concave portion 175 or protuberance 176 and the lip 164 of central opening 150 act as an upper check valve for the pumping action such that when the trigger 16 is moved from the position shown in Fig. to the position shown in Fig. 1, air is prevented from entering the outlet chamber 60 through the nozzle.

The cup 26 may be viewed as a single element moving check member having a spray-defining swirl chamber on an outer surface, the cup 26 being biased toward its sealed position by virtue of its inherent elasticity and memory. While a variety of materials might be employed which have 5 sufficient elastic memory characteristics to perform the intended function of cup member 26, a preferred material is a low-density polyethylene. 15 20 25 30 -14- 35

Claims (6)

1. A hand-operated pump for dispensing a fluid from a container, the pump comprising a body containing a 5 pumping chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a piston in the pumping chamber, a trigger movably connected to the body, engaging the piston and being movable for varying the volume of the pumping chamber, and a nozzle assembly for controlling the release of fluid from the pump outlet, the 10 nozzle assembly including a nozzle cap, a member in said pump outlet having a fixed surface positioned in the pump outlet, and an elastic, cup-shaped member having an outer rim portion secured to the body, the cup-shaped member having an inner surface, a central mound on said inner 15 surface having a central cavity therein, outlet means in the outer surface of said cup-shaped member in communication with said cavity, the mound including a lip around the central cavity in contact with the fixed surface for closing the central cavity, and the lip of the mound of the 20 elastic cup-shaped member being deformable arcuately radially inwardly and axially forwardly to open said central cavity in response to pressure of fluid in said pump outlet being expelled from the pumping chamber against the lip and, during periods of no fluid pressure, the lip 25 returns to a stressed position where it is in contact with the fixed surface and closes the central cavity.

2. The hand-operated pump of claim 1 wherein the central cavity extends only partway through the cup-shaped member, and said outlet means comprises at least two 30 depressions on the exterior outer surface of the cup-shaped member spaced from each other yet each intersecting the cavity, and a swirl chamber situated between and connected to the depressions.

3. The hand-operated pump of claim 1 or claim 2 35 wherein said cap envelopes the cup-shaped member and is adjustably connected to the body, said cap having a hole aligned with said central cavity, and said fixed surface comprises a convex surface on a channel defining insert member fixedly received in an outlet chamber of the bod” 40 forming part of said pump outlet. -15-

4. The hand-operated pump of claim 3 wherein the outlet chamber comprises a longitudinal chamber having a step separating an outer portion from an inner portion, the inner portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than 5 the outer portion, and wherein said fixed surface comprises a convex surface on a channel defining insert member fixedly received in the outlet, the channel-defining insert having a rearwardly facing surface abutting said step. 5. The hand-operated pump of claim 3 wherein the 10 outlet chamber comprises a longitudinal chamber having a step separating an outer portion from an inner portion, the inner portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than the outer portion, and wherein said fixed surface comprises a concave surface on a channel-defining insert fixedly 15 received in the outlet, the channel-defining insert having a rearwardly facing surface abutting said step. 6. The hand-operated pump of claim 1 wherein the fixed surface comprises a concave surface on a channeldefining insert fixedly received in an outlet chamber of 20 the body, the lip of the mound being nested wholly within the concave surface to close the outlet. 7. The hand-operated pump of claim 1 wherein the fixed surface comprises a concave surface on a channeldefining insert fixedly received in an outlet chamber of 25 the body, the channel-defining insert having a plurality of tapered channels along the edge of the insert leading to the periphery of the concave surface. 8. A hand-operated pump according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the pumping chamber comprises a 30 pumping cylinder having an open end and a closed end, the pumping cylinder being connected to the inlet and outlet near the closed end of the pumping cylinder, the outlet projecting forwardly from the pumping cylinder and terminating in the nozzle assembly, said piston being 35 reciprocably mounted in the pumping cylinder, biasing means for urging the piston toward the open end of the pumping cylinder, said trigger being pivotally mounted to the body and contacting the piston for moving the piston within the -16- cylinder from a rest position against the urging of the biasing means, said trigger having a forward surface defined by a web and a plurality of triangular supports cojoined to form a tapered socket receiving the outer end surface of the piston at the back of the web. 9. The hand-operated pump of claim 8 wherein the body further comprises side walls extending downwardly and rearwardly from the forwardly projecting outlet, a trunnion bearing on an inside surface of each side wall, and said trigger has trunnion supports extending rearwardly from said forward surface, and trunnions exiting outwardly from the trunnion supports, the trunnions being received in the trunnion bearings and terminating within the inside surfaces of the side walls. 10. The hand-operated pump of claim 8 wherein said trigger further comprises an upper edge on said forward surface, and said forwardly projecting portion of the outlet further comprises a forwardly facing surface having a lower edge positioned to cooperatively engage said upper edge of said trigger, the cooperative engagement of the upper edge of said trigger and the lower edge of the forwardly facing surface serving as stop means for preventing forward pivoting movement of the trigger past a predetermined point. 11. The hand-operated pump according to claim 1 wherein said body includes a forwardly directed outlet conduit from the pumping chamber, and a peripheral side wall spaced laterally from the outlet conduit, said side wall having an upper edge defining a top opening, a top having a depending peripheral flange situated inside the upper edge defining the top opening, and a pair of longitudinally extending tabs depending from the top to straddle the outlet conduit, and locking means for locking the top to the body. 12. The hand-operated pump of claim 11 wherein the locking means comprises a longitudinally extending lateral flange on each side of the outlet conduit and engaging means on the pair of longitudinally extending tabs for -17- engaging the lateral flanges. 13. The hand-operated pump of claim 12 wherein the engaging means comprises a longitudinally extending, inwardly and upwardly projecting hook portion situated 5 under each longitudinally extending lateral flange of the outlet conduit. 14. The hand-operated pump of claim 13 wherein the inwardly projecting hook portions of the engaging means are larger than the lateral flanges of the outlet conduit, and 10 the lower ends of the tabs are spaced such that the inner surface of the hook portions continuously contacts the sides of the outlet conduit. 15. A hand-operated pump substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 13th day of June 1983. (Signed)

5. DNvtmou Dublin

6. -18-