HU188458B - Singlephase or multiphase heteropolar or homopolar reluctance generator - Google Patents

Abstract

In a single-phase or multi-phase, heteropolar or homopolar reluctance generator whose armature coil, excitation winding and/or permanent-magnet excitation are arranged on an armature device, a rotor which is not wound is constructed as a turbine rotor which is built up from magnetically conductive discs (6, 31, 41, 56, 65, 84, 94). <IMAGE>

Description

The subject matter of the application is a single or multiphase heteropolar or homopolar reluctance generator, the armature coil, the excitation coil and / or the permanent magnetic excitation being placed on the armature.

It is known that electricity is usually generated from heat by generating steam or hot gases with the heat of coal or oil and feeding them to the impeller of a steam turbine or gas turbine. The turbine shaft is usually connected to an electric generator which generates electricity from rotary motion. In this way, electricity is produced in two places in terms of iron content. approximately half in the turbine and half in the rotating part of the electric generator.

Not generally known, but known in the technical literature, is the Tesla turbine (disc turbine), in which the kinetic energy of the gas and vapor molecules is substantially tangentially displaced by rotation of the metal discs by rotation of the thin metal discs 0.2 With a distance of 5 mm, the gas or vapor is tangentially directed thereto and the expanded gas or vapor is axially discharged in the radially perforated tube axis. This solution is known in the art.

Also known are state-of-the-art results in the field of electrical machines which, based on the principle of reluctance, have created stator-driven and unrolled rotor heteropolar and homopolar synchronous machines. The speeds of these machines are in the range of 10 to ⁴ rpm; the rotor peripheral speed is close to 300 m / s. Of course, the frequencies are also in the order of 10, 10 ³ Hz, which is not a disadvantage when using modern high-power semiconductor elements.

Synchronous generators, as described above, allow e.g. direct gas turbine drive; high reliability due to unrolled rotor; despite their high frequency, they have good efficiency. It is also important that the specific material consumption and specific production cost for electric power is significantly lower than for coiled rotor generators.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a generator in which the raw material used for the turbine impeller material is partly mechanically and partly magnetically utilized. This saves approximately 50% of the built-in material.

The present invention is based on the discovery that the impeller of a Tesla turbine may also form the rotor of a reluctance generator.

Thus, according to the invention, the object has been achieved with the reluctance generator described in the introduction, that the unrolled rotor is a impeller (Tesla) consisting of magnetically conductive discs. Thus, the rotor of the generator is also the impeller of the turbine.

In a preferred embodiment of the generator impeller of the generator according to the invention there are spacers passing the propellant between the discs. This ensures an even distribution of propellant.

In a preferred embodiment of the spacers, the discs are provided with spacer embossments. Thus, the spacing can be provided without a separate structural element.

I

According to a preferred embodiment of the turbine impeller, its axis is the active length perforated tubular shaft or rib shaft on which the discs are fastened. This ensures that the expanded propellant is drained.

According to a preferred embodiment of the generator according to the invention there are spacers in the polar spacing of the armature through which one or more nozzles are tangentially directed to the impeller. Further, it is desirable that the impellers are provided on both sides of the impeller with an air gap 10 attached to the armature. The advantage of these measures is that together they prevent radial or axial displacement of the propellant from the air gap.

According to a preferred embodiment of the rotor of the generator according to the invention, the discs are circular and their material is oriented in magnetic conductivity. Circular discs result in improved mechanical efficiency of the turbine.

In a preferred embodiment of the rotor, the blade 20 has only arcuate and / or stringed embossments and / or perforations without heat treatment. These can enhance the directional magnetic conductivity.

According to a preferred embodiment of the rotor of the generator according to the invention, the discs may not only be circular, but may also be formed with poles. This increases the reluctance effect.

According to a preferred embodiment of the rotor of the generator according to the invention, the discs have perforated and / or stringed perforations in the region between the poles 30. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to use more expensive, material-oriented magnetic conductivity discs.

According to a preferred embodiment of the disc turbine rotor according to the invention, each non-perforated disc is disposed between each of the discs having perforations. Alternatively, perforation of adjacent disks is in a different position relative to one another and an unperforated disc 40 is inserted between the group of perforated discs. The latter two solutions prevent axial drift of the propellant between the discs.

According to a preferred embodiment of the rotor of the generator according to the invention, a circle of discs of antimagnetic material having a diameter 45 fitted to the smallest air gap is inserted between the group of discs having polar curves. On the rotor of the generator, the two impellers of the impeller are preferably circular, having a diameter of antimagnetic material fitted to the smallest air gap. With these solutions, the axial sod50 of the vessel medium in the air gap is inhibited.

According to a preferred embodiment of the generator according to the invention, the homopolar generator has an impeller divided into two parts, nozzles directed to the discs of one side and the armature of the other part comprising the armature coil. This solution allows a higher temperature propellant to be used.

In a preferred embodiment of the generator according to the invention, it is a heteropolar generator having a separate armature for each segment. This solution results in a smoother design and higher frequency.

The construction and operation of the heteropolar or homopolar reluctance generator of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which some embodiments are illustrated.

188 458

The attached drawings show

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a single-phase, four-pole, heteropolar reluctance generator;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the same generator, a

Figure 3 illustrates a solution for indirect circumferential air gap expansion with a circular, material-oriented, magnetic conductivity four-pole turbine disk,

Figure 4 illustrates a solution for indirect circumferential air gap expansion with an unoriented magnetic conductive six-pole turbine wheel having

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a three-phase, six-pole, heteropolar reluctance generator;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a three-phase, four-pole hompolar reluctance generator;

Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same generator, a

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a single-phase, four-pole, permanent magnet excited, heteropolar reluctance generator, and finally

Figure 9 illustrates the structure of a multiphase, permanent magnet excited, heteropolar reluctance generator with separate armature per segment.

Figures 1 and 2 show the longitudinal cross-section of a single-phase heteropolar reluctance generator. The plates (preferably made of a transformer plate) and excitation bipolar armature 1 are provided with dc excitation coils 2, or quadrature armature coils 3a or 3b, respectively. The armature coil arrangement 3a of the same design as the excitation coil 2 results in a less favorable load phase angle, while the armature coil design 3b, which is located in at least two grooves per pole, only allows for a chord winding with a smaller arc.

If a plurality of armature coils 3b of different arcs are simultaneously mounted on the armature 1, it is possible to form armature coils 3b of different frequencies.

At the polar spacing are located spacers 4, preferably of insulating material, which, with a small air gap adjustment, can also provide a continuous surround of the rotor.

The purpose of the space barriers 4 is to limit the radial movement of the tangentially inflating propellant (gas, steam, liquid and mixtures thereof). The same role is played by the groove sealing wedges 12, preferably of insulating material, on the inner surface of the poles.

One or more nozzles 5 (symmetrically located), preferably made of antimagnetic material, are installed in the polar spacing, which provides tangential delivery of the propellant through the spacer 4 to the magnetically conductive discs 6. Figure 2 shows a dual nozzle design, e.g. in combination with an electro-pneumatic external control circuit, delivers fine frequency control even in the event of a change in output power.

The discs 6 having polar curves are oriented either magnetically or unorientated in material, preferably made of a transformer or dynamo plate having a thickness of 0.2 to 1.5 mm. The discs 6 are mounted on the tube axis or rib shaft perforated in the active length 7 and secured by rotation with the wedge 8 or axially positioned by the retaining rings 9. The side guides 10 are preferably made of antimagnetic material and are tightly coupled to the armature 1, but allow small rotation of the rotor and the retaining rings 9 with a small gap. Thus, together with the space guides 4, the axial displacement of the propellant from the air gap is also limited, completely surrounding the rotor. The solution described allows complete separation of the rotor space and the coil space.

The distance between the discs 6, preferably 0.2-1 mm, e.g. provided by spacer elevations 11. Thus, the driving fluid flowing through the nozzle 5 moves between the discs 6 in an archimedean spiral direction towards the perforated tube axis 7, generating a torque with its kinetic energy, and then exits axially through the active perforated tube axis 7.

1 and 2, the magnetically conductive discs 6 can also be made of non-polarized circular magnetically conductive material-oriented dynamo or transformer plates in a polar four-pole generator and provide an exemplary solution for increasing the circumferential air gap.

They have such magnetic properties, e.g. Kawasaki MR-4 Soft Magnetic Disks, which exhibit a magnetic conductivity ratio of 10: 1 in the roll direction and perpendicular to the roll direction at 0.5 T induction.

Although the circular disk design 6 is advantageous to the efficiency of the turbine, circular and material-oriented magnetic discs 6 can only produce a four-pole rotor. It is an important consideration, even when used in its material, that magnetic discs 6 have a smaller rotor diameter and circumferential velocities than non-oriented ones. The reason for this is that the upper tension of the arcing tension during rotation along the inner bore for securing the discs 6 to the axis is only approx. 10 kg / mm ² . Higher tensile stress adversely affects the magnetic permeability and reduces the ratio of magnetic conductivity in the roll and perpendicular directions.

Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of further indirect peripheral air gap expansion with a circular, material-oriented, magnetic conductive four-pole disc 31.

Circular and / or string 33 embossments and / or perforations have the same axis of symmetry with respect to the maximum magnetic conductivity 34. The mechanical stress required to create these, without subsequent heat treatment, degrades the magnetic properties of the material in the region around the arcuate and / or stringed embossments and / or perforations, and, by reducing the intact sheet cross-section, causes a magnetic drop to the maximum conductivity.

'This solution clearly entails an increase in the loss of rotor iron.

FIG. 4 also illustrates an exemplary embodiment of indirect peripheral air gap expansion with a non-oriented magnetic conductive, six-pole, 41-pole disc.

In the case of discs with unorientated magnetic conductivity 41, mechanical stress does not cause magnetic 3

-3188 458 property deterioration, and thus in the case illustrated in Figure 4, only perforations 42 and / or string 43 can be used as a means of increasing the circumferential air gap in the region between the poles. By reducing the intact plate cross-section, they cause a reduction in magnetic conductivity in the direction of the bisector between the poles.

Of course, this solution also results in an increase in iron loss in the rotor.

With respect to Figures 3 and 4, the following points should be noted:

When using perforations 32, 42 and / or 33.43, the perforated discs 31, 41 are preferably fitted on both sides with a perforated disc to prevent axial twisting of the propellant.

If, for magnetic reasons, multiple perforated discs 31, 41 are placed next to each other, the perforations of adjacent discs 31.41 are in different positions. Again, it is desirable to insert at least one non-perforated disc every 8-10 mm.

The direct peripheral air gap expansion (polar arc) can be applied to both material-oriented and non-oriented magnetic conductivity discs 31, 41 (including a combination of indirect air gap expansion) as is customary for reluctance rotors. However, the efficiency of the turbine requires that the largest direct circumferential air gap be preferably 6-8 mm or less. It is also necessary for the efficiency of the turbine, in this case, to insert at least one, preferably 0.3-0.8 mm thick, circular, antimagnetic disc, every 15-20 mm, which is fitted to the smallest air gap.

The two impellers of the turbine impeller, which act as a reluctance rotor, preferably have a diameter of 0.5 to 2.5 mm, which is circular below the smallest air gap. Well, antimagnetic dial.

When using an unorientated magnetic conductive material, the peripheral speed of the disc 41 can reach 500 m / s. At the same time, the upper tension of the arcing tension during rotation along the inner bore of the spindle 41 for rotating the disc 41 is also approx. It can be 40 kg / mm ² , which provides a speed of 10 ⁴ rpm.

With the turbine rotor according to the invention, the ratio of the smallest and largest circumferential air gap can be 1:40 for direct peripheral air gap formation, and 1:60 for combined indirect peripheral air gap expansion. These values clearly allow the design of a rotor according to the reluctance principle.

While Figures 1 and 2 show the single-phase, four-pole generator armature coil 3a, only the periphery is approx. 50%, the Figure 5 illustrates the armature winding 53 of the three-phase, six-pole generator 53, which is another exemplary heteropolar embodiment of the invention.

In this case, too, the excitation coils 52 are located on the plates and excitation bipolar 51 and the 6-pole, 3-phase and groove 53 bias coils.

The six-phase magnetic conductor discs 56 with polar curves on the active shaft 57 are perforated. or secured by a wedge 58 against rotation on a ribbed shaft. The foregoing with reference to Figures 1 and 2 with respect to the space guides 54, the nozzles 55, the turbine impeller design and the side guides also applies to the embodiment of Figure 5.

In the field of stator-generated electric generators, a homopolar machine is known which can provide the armature through a complete rotation through the stator, armature and two shaft-mounted rotors through the use of armature and a common solid stator and excitation coils between the two armature. utilization.

6 and 7 are cross-sectional and longitudinal sections of a four-pole, three-phase, turbine rotor generator, another exemplary homopolar embodiment of the present invention. The 64 armature rolls are approx. 85% due to the groove clearance required for the 67 nozzles.

In the magnetic conductor solid stator 61, two axially offset plates 62 are disposed. The grooves on the two individual reinforcements 62 are of the same angular position and have a common groove-guided, four-pole, three-phase armature coil 64 passing through each of the armature 62. The excitation coil 63 is axially symmetrical in the stator 61 between the two armature 62.

The turbine impeller 30, consisting of magnetically conductive discs 65, is disposed on a tubular shaft or rib shaft of active length 66 which is divided into two parts and is magnetically conductive. The discs 65 have a four-pole design and the discs 65 on each side of the impeller (with respect to the polar curves) are wedged by wedges 70 to 180 degrees relative to each other.

The nozzles 67, preferably of antimagnetic material, are located in the grooves 62 formed in the armature (s) 62 together with the spacers 71, preferably made of insulating material. The design of the side guides 68 and the locking rings 69, and not specifically described in connection with Figures 6 and 7, is as described in connection with Figures 1 and 2.

The turbine drive is only possible with one side of the impeller. Only with one-sided reinforcement coil assembly 65, the other side of the turbine drive is possible with a circular impeller consisting of magnetically conductive discs 65, whereby the connecting armature 62 may not be grooved.

The generators 82, 92 on the line of reluctance generators with magnetic conductor 6, 31, 41, 56, 65, 84, 94, 50 turbine impellers are also within the scope of the present invention. However, the application of the 82.92 Permanent Magnetic Combined Excitation also provides the possibility of generating a self-excited oscillator via the 2.52.63 excitation coils.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a single-phase, four-pole, permanent magnet excited turbine rotor 60 82, another exemplary heteropolar embodiment of the invention. Sm Co ₅ ). The impeller 65, consisting of four-pole magnetically guided discs 84, is a shaft 87, a spacer 85 and a nozzle 86,

188,458 and the axial arrangement of the generator as described in connection with FIGS.

Of course, the generator of Fig. 8 can also be made with combined excitation, which provides advantageous start-up, but also results in voltage control.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a multiphase, permanent magnet excited, turbine rotor reluctance generator 92, another exemplary heteropolar embodiment of the present invention. 10

The plates and the armature 91, which are separate for each segment, are mounted on a preferably antimagnetic stator, each transformer-like. Between the central pillar of the armature 91 and the air gap, a permanent magnet 92 is disposed concentrically around the armature coil 92.

Depending on the ratio of the polar arc of the rotor 94 with magnetically conductive and polar arcs and the air gap clearance of the armature 91, and depending on the number of serially connected armature coils 93, both the number of poles and the number of phases can be customized.

With respect to the spatial delimiter 95, the nozzle 96 (s), and the axis 97, the following applies with respect to the axial arrangement and the details not shown herein. 25

Of course, the generator of Fig. 9 may also be made with a combined excitation, or only with a DC excitation coil of the same design and arrangement as the coils of the armature 93.

Another embodiment of the invention, a permanent magnet excited turbine rotor reluctance generator, which is an exemplary homopolar embodiment, may also be implemented as follows.

If the homopolar generator shown in Figs. the left-hand, unrolled, and preferably solid, armature 62 35 is equipped with permanent magnets surrounding the air gap and the left-hand impeller portion provides torque to the homopolar generator so that the radial magnetic field provides left-hand armature 62, discs 65, and 66 shafts right-hand four-pole. three-phase coils 64 with coils 62 mounted. In this case, the excitation coil 63 may be omitted.

If a DC excitation coil 63 is also incorporated, a combined excitation homopolar generator 45 is provided.

The turbine rotor generators 1 with permanent magnets 82, 92 according to the invention are cost effective in the lower power range due to the cost factors of the rare earth magnets. 50

It will be seen from the foregoing that the uncoiled disc turbine rotor of the present invention and the transformer-mounted plate-armature design and the coil-on-armature windings combine to provide the inventor's intended generator 55 design and approximately 50% material savings.

The turbine rotor design allows operation at a maximum operating temperature of 300 ° C. Provides 500 m / s peripheral speed 60 to achieve and thus the order of 10 ⁴ 1 / min speeds highly reliable electricity results in improvements of up to 10 kW magnitude electrical power level, high efficiency.

The specific weight of electric power 65 can reach 3-5 kg / kW in the higher power range.

The generator allows start-up within 1 minute and the investment value is approx. half of traditional equipment with similar features.

The generator also enables waste heat recovery and geothermal energy use. When used as a pressure reducer, it utilizes the power range of the pressure drop. In addition, it can be used for welding in particular due to the internal impedance of the single phase design.

Details of the implemented reluctance generator Single-phase, four-pole generator:

Electrical power 1 kW (cos </> = l)

Voltage 24 V

Frequency 400 Hz

Propulsion medium / pressurized air / 4.3 bar

Speed 120001 / min

Mechanical efficiency 30%

Electric efficiency 70%

Three-phase, six-pole generator:

Electrical power 2 kW (cos Φ = 0.7)

Phase voltage 24 V

Frequency 600 Hz

Propellant / pressurized steam / 6 bar

Speed 120001 / min

Mechanical efficiency 35%

Electric efficiency 72%

Claims (18)

Patent claims A monopolar or multiphase heteropolar or homopolar reluctance generator having an armature coil, an excitation coil and / or a permanent magnetic excitation arranged on the armature, characterized in that the uncoiled rotor is made of magnetically conductive discs (6, 31, 41, 56, 65 , 84, 94) are designed as a impeller (Tesla) turbine impeller. Generator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the discs (6, 31, 41, 56, 65, 84, 84) are provided with spacers for passing the propellant. Generator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the discs (6, 31, 41, 56, 65, 84, 84) are provided with spacer embossments (11). 4. Generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that its axis is the active length perforated tubular shaft or ribbed shaft (7, 57, 66, 87, 97) on which the discs (6, 31, 41, 56, 65, 85, 94) are threaded. 5. A generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the polar spacing of the armature (1, 51, 62, 81, 91) has spatial boundaries (4, 54, 71, 85, 95) on which. one or more nozzles (5, 55, 67, 86, 95) are tangentially directed to the impeller. 6. A generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that there are side boundaries (10, 68) attached to the armature (1, 51, 62, 81.91) on both sides of the impeller with an air gap. 7. Generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the discs (31) are circular and their material is oriented in magnetic conductivity. Generator according to claim 7, characterized in that the discs (31) have circular arc and / or string embossments and / or perforations (32, 33) without subsequent heat treatment. -5188 458 Generator according to Claim 7, characterized in that the discs (6, 65.84) have pole arcs. The generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the discs (6, 65.84) are formed by poles. 11. A generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the discs (6, 41, 56, 65, 84, 94) have pole arcs. 12. All. Generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the discs (6,41,56, 65, 84.94) have perforations (42, 43) in the region of the polar arcs and / or string. Generator according to any one of claims 8, 10, 12, characterized in that between each disc (31, 41) provided with perforations (2, 33, 42, 43) is an unperforated disc. A generator according to any one of claims 8, 10, 12, characterized in that the perforating discs (32, 33, 42, 43) of adjacent discs are in a position different from one another and are not perforated between a group of perforated discs (31, 41). is also filed. 15. A 9-14. A generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6. characterized in that between groups of discs having poles (6. 41, 56, 65, 84, 94) are antimagnetic circular circuits with a diameter adapted to the smallest air gap 5 material discs are inserted. 16. A generator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two impellers of the impeller are circular. an antimagnetic disc having a diameter adapted to the smallest air gap. 10 17. Generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the homopolar generator, whose impeller is divided into two parts, has nozzles (67) directed to the discs (65) on one side and the armature (62) of the armature (62). 18. 1-6 .. or 11-16. A generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is a heteropolar generator whose armature (91) is segment-specific.