FR3026643A1 - SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD BASED ON AROMATIC PLANT EXTRACTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIGITATED OR MORTELLARO DERMATITIS BY ABIOTIC STRESS MANAGEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a complementary feed intended for the nutrition of farm animals, characterized in that it comprises extracts of aromatic plants and minerals. The present invention relates to a complementary feed for livestock to be distributed to the animal in addition to the normal diet and to manage Mortellaro disease or digitized dermatitis and maintain performance zootechniques.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of animal nutrition. In particular, the present invention relates to a complementary food based on extracts of aromatic plants. The present invention also relates to a complementary food comprising extracts of aromatic plants and minerals, and its use in the feed of farm animals to reduce the impact of the animal by Mortellaro disease or dermatitis digitized by the management abiotic stress due to rearing conditions.

Digital dermatitis, or Mortellaro's disease, is a contagious disease that causes lameness in cattle. It is manifested by superficial circumscribed skin lesions of the digitized skin, most often located between the heels on the hind feet. This disease has important repercussions, both on the welfare of the affected animals and on the productivity of the farms. It entails a significant work overload and a cost to treat affected animals and reduces the zootechnical performance of the animals affected (Pavlenko et al., 2011 Influence of digital dermatitis and sole ulcer on dairy cow behavior and milk production). Some cows are more likely to develop the disease, probably because of anatomical differences and / or differences in the quality of their immune response. These cows will tend to be more easily affected and manifest the disease repeatedly. High Producers and Prim'Holstein cows are more susceptible to the disease. Certain physiological stages are also more favorable to the development of the disease: first parity, peak of lactation. To help control it, many topical treatment products exist on the market. The etiology of digital dermatitis is multifactorial and it is unanimously recognized by the scientific community that one of the factors determining the appearance of digital dermatitis is the penetration of Treponema spirochetes into the digitized skin. The disease has an infectious component. The available solutions therefore focus on an anti-infective potential.

Antibiotic products, such as oxytetracycline, as well as disinfectant products for footbath application exist on the market, but the rates and duration of administration are not standardized. No indication is given as to the necessity of using them according to the number of cases detected and these footbaths are not always very practical to put in place. Among the treatment products, some are deemed effective (formalin, copper sulphate), but may soon be banned because they represent a toxic risk to humans or the environment. In addition, the use of antibiotics is criticized and restricted by the risk of developing resistance (Nishikawa and Taguchi, Shearer and Hernandez, 2000). There is therefore a limitation of the means available to control the disease, whereas the measures implemented were already not very capable of limiting the expansion of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle herds.

The risk factors for the onset of the disease are well identified. The dirty and abrasive environment in the feet is a factor frequently incriminated as favoring the appearance of Mortellaro's disease or digital dermatitis. In fact, wet, dirty soils and abrasive concretes facilitate and maintain the inflammations of the skin which cause the observed lameness and the strong recurrence of the disease. All of these stressors contributing to pain and lameness in animals are called "Abiotic Stress". This abiotic stress induces an abrasion of the interdigital space at the origin of inflammatory reactions favoring the entry of bacteria responsible for pododermatitis and lameness. In particular, it weakens the cutaneous barrier and generates a favorable ground for the installation and maintenance of the foot infections. The plant extracts contained in the present invention could, because of the presence of antioxidant flavonoids they contain, promote an advantageous management of the immune and inflammatory reaction. Said extracts could induce stimulation of certain cytokines and interleukins, such as for example IL-13, IL-4 and IL-10, known for their immune system and anti-inflammatory properties. It would result for the animals a better resistance to the inflammatory pressure and therefore a decrease in sensitivity to this abiotic stress.

The invention aims to provide a dietary solution to strengthen the body against this abiotic stress. Thus, the invention makes it possible to reduce the attack and the risks of damage to the animal by Mortellaro's disease or digitized dermatitis by the management of this abiotic stress and to reduce lameness. To this end, the subject of the present invention is a complementary feed intended for the nutrition of farmed animals, characterized in that it comprises one or more extracts of aromatic plants and minerals allowing the management of this abiotic stress.

Preferably, the minerals are sodium chloride and magnesium chloride and the aromatic plants are chosen from: Asteraceae or compound, Verbenaceae / Lamiaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Saxifragaceae or Grossulariaceae. Advantageously, the aromatic plants of the family Asteraceae suitable for the invention are chosen from: milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). The aromatic plants of the family Grossulariassées are advantageously: the black currant (Ribes nigrum) and the golden currant (Ribes aureum). The aromatic plant of the family Pedaliaceae used in the invention is the devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens). The aromatic plants of the family Verbénacées are preferentially: the lily of the valley (Vitex negundo) and the Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus). Advantageously, the invention relates to an abovementioned complementary feed, further comprising one of the active agents or extracts chosen from: the gooseberry extract; blue lily extract; the milk thistle extract; black currant extract; vitamins, such as vitamin E and B; or a mixture thereof.

The present applicant has surprisingly found that extracts from aerial parts, roots, seeds or dried fruits, aromatic plants described above or mixtures thereof have a significant effect on the sensitivity of the animal with respect to this abiotic stress linked to Mortellaro's disease or digitized dermatitis. They allow in particular to reduce the attack and the risks of attack of the animal by Mortellaro disease or digital dermatitis in ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep). Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) suitable for the present invention is a biannual plant, robust, large, of the Asteraceae family.

This plant is generally used for applications: food (salad, energy drink) both in humans and animals, agricultural, industrial or medicinal. In 2004, the World Health Organization recognized as "clinically validated" the use of standardized extracts of Milk Thistle as "complementary treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis caused by the abuse of alcohol, certain drugs and substances toxic ". Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) is a perennial herb species of the family Asteraceae. It is an edible plant traditionally lending the leaves tonic virtues, digestive, hemostatic, antispasmodic, emmenagogues, hypotensive and anti-hemorrhoidal.

Achille Millefeuille is also used in the field of cosmetics and in many liqueurs. Cassis (Ribes nigrum), also called black currant, suitable for the present invention, is a shrub of the family Grossulariaceae. It is rich in fiber and vitamin C. Blackcurrants are used in the composition of liqueurs or jams. Its buds produce an essence used in perfumery. The Sengaparile (Harpagophytunn procumbens), commonly known as the Devil's Claw, is a perennial herb whose stem crawling on the ground (Procumbens) bears alternate leaves with ovoid limb, and trumpet-shaped, purplish-red flowers. Its root is traditionally used in the symptomatic treatment of minor painful joint manifestations. Chaste tree (Vitex Agnus Castus) suitable for the present invention is a bushy shrub with palmate compound leaves and inflorescences on the ear of small purple flowers. Chaste tree has been used since ancient Greek antiquity (Hippocrates), but also in Rome (Pliny), then in medieval monasteries as a regulator of sexual function hence its name "the chaste tree". It is also traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory flavonoids.

Advantageously, the invention relates to an abovementioned complementary feed comprising, by weight, relative to the total weight of the complementary feed, 90% to 99.98% of aromatic plant extracts and 0.02% to 10% of minerals.

Preferably, the complementary food comprises, by weight, relative to the total weight of said complementary food, 90% to 99.98 ° A of aromatic plant extracts and 0.01% to 5% of magnesium chloride and 0.01% at 5% sodium chloride. Even more preferably, the complementary feed comprises, by weight, relative to the total weight of said complementary food, 5% to 40%, preferably 15% to 25% of Cassis extract, and / or 1% to 40%. cY0, preferably from 4% to 15% Chasteberry extract, and / or 1% to 20%, preferably from 9% to 20% Harpagophytum extract, and / or 10% to 85%, preferably from 20% to 60% Yarrow, and / or 3% to 76%, preferably from 3% to 30% of Milk Thistle. Advantageously, the composition further comprises one or more extracts selected from: blackcurrant extract or blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum); the extract of Harpagophytum procumbens; Chasteberry extract; the extract of Achille Millefeuille; the extract of Chardon Marie; or a mixture thereof. Other food acceptable agents may be added to the composition, such as vitamins, amino acids and minerals. The vitamins are preferentially chosen from, among others, vitamins E, B6, B1 and B2. All these compounds are in no way limiting, food acceptable agents that can be added to the composition according to the present invention. The complementary feed intended for the animal may be in the form of a solution, an aqueous suspension to be introduced into the drinking water or a liquid food, or in the dry state, adsorbed on a powdery support, such as for example, the corn cob, as well as any other form of feed intake. The method of manufacturing the complementary food comprises the steps of: - Introducing into a tank a water / alcohol mixture at 30 °. The volume of the mixture corresponds to one third of the volume of the tank. - Introduce the leaves of aromatic plants starting with the lowest amount.

Pack the plants with a spatula. - Add, if necessary, a water / alcohol mixture to completely cover the plants. - Cover the bowl with the bonnet and allow to macerate at room temperature for at least 2 weeks, while stirring regularly with a spatula every 3 days. - Filter the mixture by clarifying filtration on sieves. - Add additional assets (minerals, vitamins, extracts ...). - Agitate the extract by means of a mechanical stirrer set at about 100 rpm for 12 hours to obtain a homogeneous composition. The complementary feed thus obtained is optionally pulverized in a mixer containing a powdery food carrier (calcium carbonate, corn cob, remolded wheat, clay, etc.) before being packaged. Finally, the constituents of the composition may be sterilized, in particular by heating and / or by passage over a membrane. They can be disinfected, also by heating or through a disinfecting agent. Another object of the present invention is the use of the complementary feed as described above to reduce the risk of the animal being affected by Mortellaro's disease or digitized dermatitis, particularly in the ruminant (cattle, goat, sheep) by the management of this abiotic stress. The invention also relates to a complementary feed as defined above, for its use in the management of abiotic stress inducing podal diseases in the ruminant, or its use to reduce lameness and the attack and the risk of damage. of the farmed animal by digital dermatitis or Mortellaro's disease. As such, the present applicant has found that the complementary feed is effective in the ruminant (sheep, goat, and in particular in cattle).

The present invention also relates to the use of said complementary food as described above, to be distributed in addition to a food ration and / or a drink of the animal, preferably according to the following scheme: at the earliest after the birth of the animal; - distributed by food in distribution in the milk chutche and in the food; - continued by continuous administration. As mentioned above and for the sake of convenience, the complementary feed may be in liquid form or in the dry state adsorbed on a powdery food carrier, preferably the corn cob. The complementary feed is preferably administered throughout the life of the animal, of the order of 1 ml to 20 ml per animal, once a day. Examples A to D according to the present invention are given by way of illustration: Examples A, B and C relate to examples of formulation of the complementary feed according to the invention.

Example A: Ingredients Percentage quantity Achillea Millefeuille (aerial part) 40 Milk thistle (seed) 25 Cassis (leaf) 18 Harpagophytum (root) 10 Chasteberry (dry fruit) 5 Sodium Chloride 1 Magnesium Chloride 1 Example B: Ingredients Amount in percentage Yarrow Millefeuille (aerial part) 40 Milk thistle (seed) 20 Cassis (leaf) 20 Harpagophytum (root) 10 Chasteberry (dry fruit) 5 Sodium Chloride 1 Magnesium Chloride 4 Example C: Ingredients Percentage quantity Achillea Millefeuille (aerial part) ) 37 Cassis (leaf) 25 Harpagophytum (root) 20 Chasteberry (dry fruit) 15 Sodium Chloride 1 Magnesium Chloride 2 Comparative Example D illustrates a use of the present invention. It further demonstrates the effectiveness of the complementary feed according to the invention.

Comparative Example D: The present applicant has demonstrated the effectiveness of said complementary feed on lameness caused in particular by Mortellaro disease or digitized dermatitis in cattle, by a test protocol in contaminated cattle. The complementary feed used for the tests corresponds to Example A, namely a complementary feed comprising 40% Yarrow, 25% Milk Thistle, 18% Cassis, 10% Harpagophytum, 5% Chasteberry and 2% of minerals (by weight relative to the total weight of the complementary food).

The protocol put in place for the tests is a standard protocol for monitoring animals during a period of 7 to 17 months during which: - the dairy cow receives 3 ml to 5 ml per day and per animal said complementary food + food only ; The herds used for the trials were selected according to the following criteria: Prim'Holstein breeds because of the predispositions to develop lameness whose effects were accentuated on the farms in which the breeders specialized in the strong genetic selection. Indeed, it is they who know the highest levels of infestation. - The history of breeding has shown the recurring nature of the problem. The method consists in counting animals based on the criterion of the absence or the presence of lameness determined by direct observation. The counting takes place before the start of administration and after 7 or 17 months of administration. The results are expressed as the number of animals affected by the condition (lameness) before the test and at the end of the test period.

The test results are presented in the following table: Lot 1 (110 dairy cows)% of animals affected Before administration 70 After 17 months of administration 24.5 Lot n2 (100 dairy cows)% of animals affected animals Before administration 70 After 7 months of administration 30 Batch 3 (57 dairy cows)% of affected animals Before administration 44 After 7 months of administration 22,8 Thus the complementary food according to the The present invention has an effect on the observed lameness by reducing the number of animals afflicted with the disease significantly from 7 and 17 months of use. The reduction of the number of affections is of the order 45% to 60%. The present invention therefore also aims to use the complementary feed to manage the problem of Mortellaro disease or digitized dermatitis in cattle on dairy farms. The complementary feed according to the invention makes it possible to rapidly and effectively reduce the number of animals affected within a farm and to significantly reduce the degree and the risk of harm to the animals. The invention also makes it possible to restore zootechnical performances, and to improve the welfare and health of the animal. Although the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the derivatives and technical equivalents of the means described in the present invention as well as their combinations if they fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Complementary feed intended for the feeding of farm animals, characterized in that it comprises extracts of aromatic plants and minerals. 2. Complementary feed according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic plants are selected from the group comprising: Silybum marianum; Achillea mille folium L .; Ribes nigrum; Harpagophytum procumbens and Vitex agnus-castus. 3. Supplementary food according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the minerals are sodium chloride and magnesium chloride. 4. Supplementary food according to one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising one of the active or extracts selected from: the gooseberry extract; blue lily extract; the milk thistle extract; black currant extract; vitamins, such as vitamin E and B; or a mixture thereof. 5. Supplementary food according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising by weight, relative to the total weight of the complementary food, 90% to 99.98% of aromatic plant extracts and 0.02% to 10% of minerals. 6. Supplementary food according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising by weight, relative to the total weight of aromatic plant extract, 3% to 76% milk thistle, and / or 10% to 85% of Achillée Millefeuille, and / or 5% at 40% of Cassis, and / or 1% to 40% of Chasteberry, and / or 1% to 20% of Harpagophytum. 7. Supplementary food according to claim 6, comprising by weight, relative to the total weight of aromatic plant extract, 3% to 30% of milk thistle extract, and / or 20% to 60% of extract of Achille Millefeuille, and / or 15 ° A to 25% Cassis extract, and / or 4% to 15% Chasteberry extract, and / or 9% to 20% Harpagophytum extract. 8. Supplementary food according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising by weight, relative to the total weight of minerals, 0.01% to 5% sodium chloride and 0.01% to 5% magnesium chloride. . 9. Supplementary food according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of a liquid or an aqueous suspension to be added to the drinking water or a liquid food, or to dry state adsorbed on powdery support, like the corn cob. 10. Supplementary food according to any one of claims 1 to 9 10, for its use in the management of abiotic stress inducing podal diseases in ruminant. 11. Supplementary food according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for its use to reduce lameness and the attack and the risk of attack of the farm animal by digital dermatitis or Mortellaro disease.