FR3011567A1 - BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a floor building consisting of concrete slabs (50; 60), each incorporating a passage of pipes and / or ducts, comprising the steps of: - placing on a formwork (10) ) bottom floor provided with a hopper, a cover (20) provided with apertures adapted to the diameter of the pipes and / or ducts, this cover closing the hopper, - arrange sections of pipes and / or ducts in said openings of the cover - casting a concrete slab (50) on the formwork (10) by covering the cover (20), - placing on an upper floor formwork provided with a hopper, a cover (20) provided with openings adapted to the diameter of the pipes and / or ducts, this cover closing the hopper, - arranging sections of pipes and / or ducts in said openings (22), these pipes or ducts being placed in the extension of those traversing the concrete slab (50) previously done, - pour a concrete slab n (60) on the upper floor formwork.

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of buildings and more particularly but not exclusively to housing with floors consisting of concrete slabs. Multi-storey buildings with concrete slab floors require passages for sewage pipes and service shafts, including ventilation ducts. Hoppers must be made in concrete slabs for this purpose. Protection boxes are used to protect these hoppers against the risk of falls. When installing ducts and pipes, the boxes are removed from the upper floor. They then leave reservations a little larger than the section of pipes laid, so it is appropriate to caulk the residual spaces. When using slabs, it is known to use concrete support plates with prefabricated bookings and installation templates with sleeves whose dimensions and locations are specifically studied according to the passage of pipes and / or ducts. These support plates and their sleeves are placed on the formwork of the floor before the reinforcement. The prefabricated slabs are variants of these templates in which are made the reservations of pipes and / or ducts. They may have the thickness of the finished floor or a lower thickness. In this case, the additional slab thickness is then subject to a rectangular reservation encompassing all the reservations of the slab. It is still known to use reservations made of cellular concrete that include the total footprint of the various pipes and / or ducts provided. The passage of the various ducts is carried out in a second time, being carried out at most just with the help of a hole saw. It is still practiced to make the reservations by coring through the concrete floor. However, this requires the use of suitable equipment limiting the emission of vibrations and dust. In addition, the drilling phase is particularly noisy.

Finally, it is known to use formwork reservation elements inserted in the thickness of the floor. After removal, a caulking phase is necessary, and may cause residual air leakage problems, which is detrimental to meeting building standards for low energy buildings.

The set of known solutions is not entirely satisfactory and there is a need to further simplify the installation of ducts and / or pipes through the concrete slabs, to reduce the risk of falling, the arduous work and reduce construction costs, and best meet the standards for low-energy housing. The invention aims to meet this need and it achieves this through a method of constructing a building with floors consisting of concrete slabs, each incorporating a passage of pipes and / or ducts, this method comprising the steps of - place on a lower floor formwork provided with a hopper, a cover provided with openings adapted to the diameter of pipes and / or ducts to be installed, this cover closing the hopper, - arrange sections of pipes and / or ducts in said openings of the cover, - pour a concrete slab on the formwork by coming to cover the cover, - place on an upper floor formwork provided with a hopper, a cover provided with openings adapted to the diameter of pipes and / or ducts to install, this cover closing the hopper, - arrange sections of pipes and / or ducts in said openings, these pipes or ducts being placed in the extension of those crossing the concrete slab of the lower floor, cédemment performed, - casting a concrete slab on the formwork upper floor. The method according to the invention facilitates the installation of pipes and / or ducts, without affecting the reliability of the installation. A caulking phase is not necessary and the risk of falling does not exist once the cover is in place. The realization of a jig with sleeves is avoided. The laying of pipes and / or final ducts at the time of pouring the slab accelerates the construction. The reinforcement can extend at the level of the hopper, which makes the building's mechanical strength more homogeneous. Preferably, the sections of pipes and / or ducts are provided with removable plugs before pouring the concrete slab of the corresponding floor.

The sections of pipes and / or sheaths are preferably arranged so as to be flush with or set back from the top of the corresponding concrete slab. A seal is preferably present between the cover and the sections of pipes and / or sheaths before pouring the concrete slab. This gasket is advantageously a heat-insulating foam sleeve or a self-adhering resilient strip.

The fixing of the cover is operated so as to maintain it even when an operator comes to walk on it. The cache may include a bottom and at least one amount. The latter can be directed upwards or downwards, being preferably formed by a return upwards or downwards of a sheet metal plate constituting the bottom of the cover. The presence of an upward return is useful for attaching the cover against an adjacent sail or wall primer, when such a primer is present. A return down is useful in the absence of such a primer. The cover may have two uprights on two adjacent sides, for attachment in a corner of the floor. Alternatively, the cache is made without any amount.

The or the amounts may have holes for the passage of fasteners to the concrete veil or the corresponding wall. Before pouring the concrete slab, the reinforcement can cover the cover, the irons bypassing the pipes and / or ducts. The invention also relates to a building made by implementing the method according to the invention. The invention thus also relates to a building comprising: - a concrete slab defining a lower floor, - a concrete slab defining an upper floor, - sections of pipes and / or ducts passing through the concrete slab of the lower floor - sections of pipes and / or ducts passing through the concrete slab of the upper floor and connected to the sections of pipes and / or ducts passing through the concrete slab of the lower floor, in particular fitted and glued in, - a cover attached to the upper concrete slab, provided with openings traversed by the pipe sections and / or ducts, - a cover adjacent to the upper concrete slab, provided with openings through which the pipe sections and / or ducts pass. The sections of pipes and / or ducts passing through the slab of the lower floor may be flush or recessed from above this slab.

Each cover may comprise a bottom through which the openings for the passage of the pipes and / or ducts and at least one post, which may be provided with holes through which the fastening elements to the concrete veil or to the adjacent wall. This or these amounts may each consist of a return directed downwards or upwards, formed for example by folding a sheet.

The pipes and / or ducts may be downspouts, rainwater and / or VMC, preferably having an outside diameter greater than or equal to 80 mm. Seals are preferably arranged between the pipes and / or sheaths and the corresponding concrete slab, these seals being advantageously constituted by heat-insulating sleeves, of foam, or by resilient strips. Irons can extend over the cover, bypassing pipes and / or ducts. The invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description of an example of non-limiting implementation thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which: FIGS. 10 illustrate different stages of the construction of a building by implementing an exemplary method according to the invention, - Figure 11 is a partial schematic section of a pipe through a cover according to the invention, and - the Figure 12 is a partial schematic section of a cache variant according to the invention. In a first step of the method, illustrated in Figure 1, a floor form 10 is put in place, being for example supported by struts 11. This formwork is for example wood. Wall sections (blocks, wood, bricks, ...) or concrete sails 12 extend on the periphery of this formwork 10. A hopper 13, preferably of rectangular shape, is provided in the formwork 10 for the passage of pipes and / or ducts for discharging wastewater or rainwater and / or ventilation. This hopper extends for example, as illustrated, in a corner of the formwork. Once the formwork 10 has been put in place, a cover 20 according to the invention is arranged to close the hopper 13, as illustrated in FIG. 2. This cover 20 comprises a bottom wall 21 which is traversed by openings 22 for the passage of the pipes and / or sheaths mentioned above. These openings 22 are typically circular, of diameter greater than or equal to 80 mm. The bottom wall 21 is for example metallic but could be made of other materials, including wood or thermoplastic material, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The wall 21 rests for example directly on the formwork 10, being for example fixed on it by bonding with a silicone gasket, especially when the cover 20 is also attached to the concrete walls or walls. When the cover 20 is away from walls and / or concrete sails and can not be fixed thereto, the cover 20 can be fixed by nailing or screwing on the formwork 10. An attachment by gluing is preferable because it can facilitate the reuse of the formwork 10.

The cover 20 may comprise, as illustrated, one or more posts 23 on its periphery, the height of which is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the concrete slab to be cast. This or these amounts 23 preferably comprise holes 24 for the passage of fasteners to the wall or the adjacent concrete web. Thus, the cover 20 is put in place before the reinforcement.

In the example of Figure 2, the uprights 23 are formed by upward returns formed by folding a sheet metal plate, the walls 12 having primers which surmount the formwork 10 and allow their attachment. Alternatively, in the absence of such primers, the uprights 23 are constituted by returns directed downwards, as shown in Figure 12, for attachment to the walls or walls of existing concrete 12.

In Figure 12, there is shown an element 29 for fixing the amount 23 on the wall or concrete veil 12 opposite. Once the cover 20 is in place, sections of tubes and / or sheaths 30 are arranged in the openings 22, extending vertically under the formwork 10. The sections of tubes and / or ducts are preferably each, as illustrated. in Figure 11, coated with a seal 32 consisting of a heat-insulating foam sleeve or a resilient strip, which seals with the bottom wall 21 of the cover 20. The height of the portion of the sections 30 which protrude up the formwork 10 substantially corresponds to the height of the concrete slab to be poured. Removable plugs 40 are placed on the top of the pipes or ducts 30 to seal them at least during the pouring operation of the concrete slab 50, as shown in FIG. 4. After setting the concrete, the formwork 10 may and the construction of the upper floor is initiated, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. An upper floor formwork 10 is disposed above the slab 50, being held in place at the The upper floor formwork 10 comprises, like the lower floor formwork, a hopper 13 which is superimposed on the pipes and / or sleeves 30 waiting at the level of the lower slab 50. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a cover 20 is put in place in the hopper 13 of the formwork 10 for the production of the upper slab 60. This cover 20 is for example identical to that used for the lower slab 50. e n place of the cover 20, and fixing to the concrete walls or sails 12 and the formwork 10, the sections of tubes and / or sheaths 30 intended to extend those which pass through the slab 50 are put in place and assembled to these, by example by gluing. These sections 30 are equipped with seals 32 for their crossing of the upper floor cover 20. Stoppers 40 are also put in place on these sections, before casting of the upper slab 60, as illustrated in FIG. 9. Then, once the upper slab 60 has been made, the formwork 10 is deposited as well as the struts 11 which are based on the slab 50, to obtain the structure illustrated in Figure 10, wherein the sections of tubes and / or ducts 30 extend vertically through the slabs 50 and 60 on more than two floors. The sections of tubes and / or ducts 30 can be of any type. Preferably, as illustrated, these sections are arranged during the casting of the slab 50 or 60 so as to have their upper end which is flush with the upper surface of the slab or which is slightly set back from it. The sections are then assembled by gluing, being for example PVC. In the case where the sections of tubes and / or sheaths 30 are intended to be welded, they may be extended beyond the upper surface of the slab which is cast, for example at the mid-height of the stage between the two slabs, so as to facilitate the realization of welding by the plumber. The method according to the invention which has just been described can be implemented on more than two stages, being repeated for each new slab.

Claims (14)

REVENDICATIONS1. A method of constructing a floor building consisting of concrete slabs (50; 60), each incorporating a passage of pipes and / or ducts, comprising the steps of: - placing on a lower floor formwork (10) a hopper, a cover (20) provided with openings adapted to the diameter of the pipes and / or ducts, this cover closing the hopper, - arranging sections of pipes and / or ducts in said openings of the cover, - casting a slab concrete (50) on the formwork (10) by covering the cover (20), - placing on an upper floor formwork provided with a hopper, a cover (20) provided with openings adapted to the diameter of the pipes and / or sheaths, this cover closing the hopper, - arranging sections of pipes and / or sheaths in said openings (22), these pipes or sheaths being placed in the extension of those traversing the previously made concrete slab (50), - pouring a concrete slab (60) on the floor formwork périeur. 2. Method according to claim 1, the sections (30) of pipes and / or ducts being provided with removable plugs (40) before pouring the concrete slab of the corresponding floor. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, the sections (30) of pipes and / or ducts being flush or recessed from above the corresponding concrete slab. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, a seal (32) being present between the cover (20) and the sections (30) of pipes and / or sheaths before pouring the concrete slab (50; 60). 5. Method according to the preceding claim, the cover (20) having a bottom (21) and at least one upright (23) preferably provided with holes for passage of fasteners (24). 6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, irons being arranged to cover the cover. 7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the cover (20) being bonded to the formwork (10) and fixed by at least one upright (23) to an adjacent wall or concrete veil (12). 8. Building, comprising: - a concrete slab (50) defining a lower floor, - a concrete slab (60) defining an upper floor, - sections (30) of pipes and / or ducts passing through the concrete slab (50) lower floor, - sections (30) of pipes or ducts passing through the concrete slab (60) of the upper floor and connected to sections of pipes and / or ducts passing through the concrete slab (50) of the floor lower, - a cover (20) adjoining the upper concrete slab (50), provided with openings (22) traversed by the sections of pipes and / or ducts, - a cover (20) adjoining the concrete slab ( 60), provided with openings (22) traversed by the sections of pipes and / or ducts. 9. Building according to the immediately preceding claim, the sections of pipes and / or ducts passing through the slab (50) of the lower floor being flush or recessed from above that slab. 10. Building according to one of the two immediately preceding claims, each cover (20) having a bottom (21) and at least one upright (23) attached to the wall or concrete veil facing, in particular with the aid of fastening elements (29) engaged through holes (24) of the upright (23). 11. Building according to any one of claims 8 to 10, the pipes and / or ducts being wastewater descent pipes, fluvial and / or VMC. 12. Building according to any one of claims 8 to 11, comprising seals (32) arranged between the sections (30) of pipes and / or ducts and the corresponding concrete slab (50; 60), in particular seals (32). ) constituted by thermally insulating sleeves, made of foam, or by resilient bands. 13. Building according to any one of claims 8 to 12, each cover being constituted by a metal sheet, or the uprights (23) being constituted by returns upwards or downwards of this sheet, formed by folding of it. 14. Building according to any one of claims 8 to 13, the reinforcement of each floor extending above the cover (20) corresponding irons circumventing if necessary the pipes and / or ducts.