FI87480C - LAJUSGENOMSLAEPPANDE VAERMEISOLERING - Google Patents

Abstract

A translucent, fibrous thermal insulation sheet (1) with a high thermal insulation characteristic combined with sufficient light transmissivity. The thermal insulation sheet comprises coating layers (2) of glass, plastics, plastics composite or some combination of these, possibly surface-treated, and an insulating layer (3) containing thin fibers, such as glass fibers or the like.

Description

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The invention relates to a fiber-structured thermal insulation that transmits light and other radiation and consists of one or more coating layers which are made of a layer of light-transmitting material, such as glass, plastic, a plastic composite or a plastic composite. -tekerroksesta.

The light-transmitting thermal insulators can consist, for example, of multiple films or of a whole formed by the films and the insulating material interposed between them.

Glass and plastics, for example, are used as films. As light-transmitting insulation materials, e.g. various gels of silicon or the like, as well as various materials treated with foaming agents, such as urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formal-dehyde, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polystyrene copolymer or polyethylene. Known solutions are described, for example, in DE 29 06 259, DE 23 14 622, DE 32 14 421, EP 353 397. The known structures are characterized by their high manufacturing costs and poor applicability to practical structures. In addition, their aesthetic appearance may be deficient.

Light-transmitting thermal insulation, in which glass fibers are used as thermal insulation, is known per se. On this topic, 30 have been considered e.g. presentation "Optimization of transparently covered fibrous insulation" held at the "2nd International Workshop on Transparent Insulation", 24-28. March 1988, in Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany. This presentation describes the passive use of solar energy in the heating of houses by adding a light-transmitting, outer layer of glass.

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a thermal insulation consisting of a plate and a low-density low-light-reflecting fibrous layer on the darkened outer wall of the house, whereby part of the solar radiation energy passes through the insulation and heats the wall surface. The optimal composition of the above-mentioned thermal insulation calculated in this presentation is: 50 mm thick insulating layer consisting only of low-reflective fibers with a thickness of about 20-30 μπι and a density of 10 kg / m3 and an uncoated glass sheet on top of the insulating layer. The light transmission 10 then takes place mainly through the glass material of the fibers.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal insulator having good thermal insulation, sufficient light transmittance suitable for each application and an aesthetic appearance, and consisting of one or more coating layers associated with or interposed with an insulating layer. The coating layer may be glass, plastic, plastic composite, or some combination thereof. The solution according to the invention can be used for 20 e.g. in wall and roof structures, windows and doors, and as structural elements in light yards, staircases and greenhouses.

The object of the invention is achieved by a thermal insulator, characterized in that the insulating layer consists of thin fibers with an average thickness of less than 12 μιη so that light and other radiation passing through the insulating layer propagates mainly in the openings between the fibers by reflection from the fiber surfaces.

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The insulating layer according to the invention consists of thin fibers produced by methods known per se, in particular glass fibers, which are characterized in that the th notably. The thermal insulation according to the invention thus has an excellent thermal insulation capacity as well as a light transmittance which is appropriate in each case, in particular depending on the thickness 5 of the fiber layer and its density. For example, the fibers made of glass in embodiments of the invention typically have a diameter of less than 12, most preferably less than 4, and the bulk density of the glass fibers is typically less than 50 kg / m 3, most preferably 2 to 20 kg / m 3. The light-transmitting thermal insulation according to the invention 10 is characterized in that when the diameter of the fibers is thinned, the proportion of light and other radiation passing through the structure of the same thickness and density does not decrease much, although the thermal conductivity of the insulation is significantly reduced. As already stated above, light and other radiation passing through the insulating layer propagates mainly in the openings between the fibers by reflection from the surfaces of the fibers. The visible light transmission mechanism in such an insulator is detected by aligning a point light source with it and then looking at the insulator from the opposite side, whereby it is observed that the light coming from the point spreads more evenly over a large area.

As already stated, light travels, for example, through a thermal insulation consisting of fibers of about 20-30 μm thick, mainly through the glass material of the fibers. As the fiber thickness thins, the light-reflecting surface area of the structure increases. At the same time, the direct proportion of light penetrating through the fibers is reduced. This can be illustrated, for example, by looking at thick glass fibers made of clear glass, which appear gray or dark gray. On the other hand, if we look at glass fibers made of clear glass with an average thickness of, for example, about 6 pm, they appear white. Through the light-transmitting thermal insulation according to the invention, e.g. direct sunlight, for example, appears as white, almost uniform light.

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The fibers can also be treated with various coating materials, e.g. to increase reflection. The insulating layer according to the invention can be made not only of glass fibers, but also of other fibers, such as, for example, slag glass or stone glass-5 fibers or polymer fibers having the above-mentioned properties.

At present, the fibers belonging to the above-mentioned material groups are used as conventional thermal and acoustic insulators in the diameter range of 12 to 4 μm and in various air and liquid filters in the diameter range of 4 to 0.5 μm.

The thermal insulation according to the invention may consist, as already stated, of one or more coating layers, in connection with which or between which an insulating layer of thin fibers is placed. The coating layers / layer act not only as support structures but also as protection of the thermal insulation against external conditions such as weather, dust, general fouling, etc. Various films may also be added to the outer or inner surface of the outer coating layer 20 to adjust or enhance the thermal insulation or light transmission properties of the structure. If two coating layers are used, a partial vacuum can be provided in the fibrous insulation layer to further improve the insulation properties or it can be filled with gas, e.g. whether with greenhouse gas.

The light- and heat-transmitting and at the same time heat-insulating insulator according to the invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the accompanying cross-sectional patterns, of which Figure 1 shows a light-transmitting thermal insulation consisting of two coating layers in general, Figure 2 shows a preferred

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According to Figure 1, the thermal insulation transmitting light and heat radiation consists of one or more coating layers 2 and an insulating layer 3, which can be introduced in place as a felt, wadding or flake-like blowing product. When using the blowing method, the flake-like fibers can be introduced, for example, only onto one surface of the coating layer and then the structure is closed with the second coating layer. In the manufacture of an insulating felt or flake blown product, suitable binders and / or needles suitable for known techniques can also be used to achieve the desired mechanical properties.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which there is only one coating layer 2.

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The insulating layer 3 produced by the methods described above has an aesthetic appearance and can remain completely visible, for example in light-emitting applications. In these cases, the aesthetic effect can be enhanced by placing a variety of, e.g. colored, fibers or an insulating layer among the light and other radiation transmitting insulating layer, or a part of the insulating layer can be dyed. Direct light-transmitting, transparent parts can also be used on the surfaces to be built.

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In the solutions according to the invention, the amount of light and other radiation passing through the thermal insulation can be influenced by varying the thickness and density of the insulating layer in order to achieve the desired result. It is also advantageous to select light types of light-reflecting raw materials from which the insulating fibers are made and, if necessary, to coat the fibers in order to optimize their reflective properties. By coating the outer or inner surface of the coating layer with a suitable coating, the radiation reflectance properties of that surface can also be changed in the desired direction.

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By varying the bulk density of the fiber layer and the thickness of the fibers, the void space between the fibers between the coating layers 2 can be adjusted to the desired size. The thin fibers 5 can be bonded together without a binder, e.g. by needling or treated with such a binder, in both ways the result is a felt which is light in color and almost white. Since the fiber surfaces of such a felt are highly reflective, light 10 passes through the openings between the fibers of the felt mainly by reflection from the fibers. For example, light from a point light source diffuses strongly as it passes through the fibrous felt and appears on the other side of the felt as a bright area, not a bright spot. As already mentioned in connection with Figure 2, the fibers can also be used in the so-called like blown wool, i.e. bringing them a suitable layer between the coating layers 2.

The thermal insulation according to the invention is particularly advantageous in greenhouse applications, where 20 simple glazing is currently widely used. Part of the greenhouse cultivation starts in the spring winter, when the nights are long and there is a variable amount of sunlight during the day. When using existing structures, a lot of energy is consumed under these conditions. The use of the solution according to the invention saves a lot of heating energy, which is the biggest cost factor for greenhouse cultivation. In addition, it should be mentioned that the thermal insulation according to the invention equalizes the temperatures during the hot summer time and cools the interior when the sun is shining and heating too much.

Combining the coating layers 2 and the insulating layer 3 with thin fibers in one of the above-mentioned ways results in a thermal insulation which is suitably light-transmitting, particularly heat-insulating in terms of light transmission, aesthetically light in appearance and reasonably priced. Such thermal insulators can be used, as before

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is mentioned, e.g. in windows and doors and as structural elements of light yards, staircases or roofs. For example, in greenhouses or other hot conditions, the solution according to the invention can prevent excessive heating of the interior and still provide sufficient lighting conditions for the room in question.

The following is an example of an embodiment of the invention in which an insulating layer of the following type was introduced between two coating layers: coating layers: 2 glass sheets, sheet thickness 3 mm insulation material: fiberglass fiber density: about 6 kg / m ^ fiber thickness: about 3 μm insulation layer thickness : approx. 24 mm This gave a light transmittance of approx. 45% and a thermal transmittance of the structure k »1.3 W / mJOK, which corresponds to a high-quality 20-glazed window structure with quadruple glazing.

The above invention has solved the structure 25 of a thermal insulator 25 which transmits light and other radiant energy and has excellent thermal insulation properties with respect to this property, so that the end result is inexpensive to manufacture and aesthetically usable. Although only a few preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, the invention may be practiced within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. Light and other radiation transmitting, heat insulating fibers (1), soin consisting of one or more cover layers (2), which are light transmitting materials, such as glass, plastic, plastic composite or some combination thereof, and an insulating layer (3) in connection with the cover layer or positioned between the cover layers, characterized in that the insulating layer (3) consists of thin fibers 10 with an average thickness of less than 12 µm, so that the light and other radiation which the insulating layer permits mainly progress in the openings between the fibers by being reflected from the surfaces of the fibers. 15 2. A thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the fibers is preferably less than 4 µm. Heat insulation according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibers are glass, stone glass or impact glass fibers. Heat insulation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fibers are polymer fibers. 25 5. Thermal insulation according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the fibers are coated with a material which promotes the re-radiation of light and heat radiation from the fiber surfaces. 30 6. A thermal insulation according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the density of the fibers is below 50 kg / m 2, preferably about 2 - 20 kg / m 2. 35 7. Thermal insulation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the insulation space between the cover layers π 87480 (2) is partly emptied of air or it is filled with gas, such as so-called. greenhouse. Heat insulation according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the fibers are arranged between the cover layers (2) as a flake-shaped blowing product. Heat insulation according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the fibers are arranged between the cover layers (2) as a blanket or as a wadding. Use of the thermal insulation (1) according to any of the preceding claims such as so-called light cladding. Use of the thermal insulation (1) according to any of claims 1-6 in the light transmitting parts of a greenhouse.