EP3691911B1 - Optically variable see-through security element and data carrier - Google Patents
Optically variable see-through security element and data carrier Download PDFInfo
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- EP3691911B1 EP3691911B1 EP18782305.9A EP18782305A EP3691911B1 EP 3691911 B1 EP3691911 B1 EP 3691911B1 EP 18782305 A EP18782305 A EP 18782305A EP 3691911 B1 EP3691911 B1 EP 3691911B1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optically variable see-through security element for securing objects of value, with a flat, optically variable surface pattern that shows a different color when looking through it than when looking through it.
- Data carriers such as value or identity documents, but also other objects of value such as branded items, are often provided with security elements for protection that allow the authenticity of the data carrier to be checked and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
- see-through security features such as see-through windows in banknotes, are becoming increasingly attractive.
- the WO 2016/096094 A1 describes an optically variable see-through security element for securing objects of value, with a flat, optically variable surface pattern which, when viewed through, shows a colored appearance with a multicolored color change depending on the viewing angle.
- optically variable security elements are off DE10-2014-019088-A1 , DE10-2015-010744-A1 , WO2006 / 018171-A2 , DE10-2009-058243-A1 , DE10-2012-105571-A1 and GB2474903-A known.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a see-through security element which combines an attractive visual appearance with improved protection against forgery and which can ideally be produced on the industrial scale required in the security sector.
- the chroma describes the relative color effect in relation to the reference white, i.e. in comparison to a certain brightest point in a color space.
- the chroma is suitable as a measured value for conical color spaces, for example, where measurements can be made from the tip. These systems are useful in printing, where paper white is the neutral color and just as much paint is necessary for rich black as for rich red.
- White has a chroma of 0, the hues (hues) and deep black up to 100%, medium gray 50%.
- the optically variable surface pattern is based in particular on a relief structure embossed in an embossing lacquer layer, namely a reflective microstructure in the form of a mosaic made up of a large number of reflective mosaic elements or facets, which can be characterized by the parameters size, contour shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation and which have a Form a predetermined motif in that different groups of mosaic elements with different characteristic parameters reflect incident light into different spatial areas, the mosaic elements having a lateral dimension 1 below the resolution limit of the eye.
- the lateral dimension 1 of a mosaic element is in Figure 2 the EP 1 966 769 B1 clearly shown graphically.
- the reflective layer is the semitransparent functional layer, which appears in a different color when viewed through and in a top view and has almost no color shift effect when viewed through.
- the second aspect of the invention relates to a data carrier with a see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, the see-through security element preferably being arranged in or above a window area or a continuous opening of the data carrier.
- the chroma describes the relative color effect in relation to the reference white, i.e. in comparison to a certain brightest point in a color space.
- the chroma is suitable as a measured value for conical color spaces, for example, where measurements can be made from the tip. These systems are useful in printing, where paper white is the neutral color and just as much paint is required for rich black as for rich red.
- White has a chroma of 0, the colors (hues) and deep black up to 100%, medium gray 50%.
- the see-through security element according to the invention is optically variable, i.e. different representations arise from different viewing angles.
- the optically variable see-through security element according to the invention which in transparency shows almost no color shifting effect with its top / see-through color change, is characterized by its appealing color effects in top view and in view , whereby in transparency by means of the setting of the angle of inclination of the facets and the chroma of the transparent color achieved therewith, a contrast increase and thus a highlighting of certain elements of a motif can be brought about.
- a contrast increase By setting the transmission properties of the semitransparent functional layer, a wide range of colors can be made available in transparency especially from gray to deep blue. The increase in contrast creates an additional test level for authenticity verification and thus offers improved protection against forgery.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the sparkleness or chroma when viewed in transmitted light is heavily dependent on the embossed structure or the relief on which the semitransparent functional layer is vaporized. If the optically variable surface pattern contains a sub-area (so-called “smooth" sub-area) in which the facets have a small angle of inclination ⁇ , or if there is a smooth or unembossed sub-area without any facets or micromirrors, the see-through color appears to the viewer with a high degree of chroma or chroma.
- the high color is due to the fact that the surface of the embossing lacquer is relatively smooth or even, ie the light is not refracted or scattered in the course of transmission through the film structure and hits the viewer's eye in a straight line.
- the thickness of the semitransparent functional layer corresponds to the target thickness in the case of a level or smooth substrate and is therefore particularly effective optically. If the optically variable surface pattern contains a sub-area (so-called "rough" sub-area) in which the facets have a high angle of inclination ⁇ , the see-through color appears to the viewer in a low chroma, ie the see-through color appears pale or pale.
- the low chroma is due to the fact that the embossing lacquer has a strongly pronounced relief containing depressions, elevations and / or edges on its surface, ie the light is diffusely refracted or scattered in all spatial directions in the course of transmission through the film structure. According to the angle of refraction, the optical path through the semitransparent functional layer and thus the transmission spectrum are also different. Different color spectra add up to one Gray tone. Furthermore, in the case of a rough substrate, the thickness of the semitransparent functional layer does not correspond to the nominal thickness and is therefore optically less effective, ie there are deviations from the actual optical see-through effect.
- Suitable semitransparent functional layers which appear in a different color when viewed through than when viewed from above and have almost no color shift effect when viewed through, are, for example, from FIG WO2011 / 082761 A1 known.
- the WO2011 / 082761 A1 describes a semitransparent thin-film element which when viewed in incident light shows a golden color and when viewed in transmitted light shows a blue color with almost no color shift effect.
- the semitransparent functional layer can be obtained by printing technology by means of an effect pigment composition.
- Printing layers based on an effect pigment composition which when viewed in reflected light show a different color than when viewed in transmitted light, in particular a gold / blue color change, a gold / violet color change, a green-gold / magenta color change, a Violet / green color change or a silver / opaque color change, for example, in the WO 2011/064162 A2 described.
- the pigments preferably have a longest dimension from end to end ("longest dimension of edge length") in a range from 15 nm to 1000 nm and are based on a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au , Zn, Cd, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt is selected.
- the transition metal is preferably Ag.
- the aspect ratio (ie the ratio of the longest dimension from end-to-end based on the thickness) is preferably at least 1.5, in particular in one Range from 1.5 to 300.
- the ratio of the binder to the metal pigment is preferably below 10: 1, in particular below 5: 1.
- the color can be set when viewing the print layer in transmission and the color when viewing in reflection (e.g. blue in Transmission and silver, gold, bronze, copper or violet in reflection; also violet, magenta, pink, green or brown in transmission and different colors in reflection, which depend on the choice of pigment / binder ratio).
- Colors with a gold / blue color change between reflection and transmission are, for example, in Examples 1, 2 and 3 in Table 1 of FIG WO 2011/064162 A2 called.
- example 4 shows a color with a gold / violet color change, example 5 a color with a green-gold / magenta color change, example 7 a color with a purple / green color change and example 8 a color with a silver / opaque color change.
- the mosaic elements form a predetermined motif in that different groups of mosaic elements with different characteristic parameters reflect incident light into different spatial areas.
- the mosaic elements have a lateral dimension below the resolution limit of the eye.
- the mosaic elements preferably have a lateral dimension of less than 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 30 ⁇ m.
- Such small mosaic elements can be produced on the one hand in established film technology due to the small profile depth associated with the small size, on the other hand the small element size creates a variety of possible Arrangements for the mosaic elements, as described in more detail below together with the advantages associated with each.
- the mosaic elements advantageously have a lateral dimension of more than 3 ⁇ m, preferably of more than 5 ⁇ m. These dimensions ensure that wavelength-dependent light diffraction effects are negligible and that the incident light is reflected achromatically by the mosaic elements without disruptive color effects.
- the mosaic elements expediently have a square, rectangular, round, oval, honeycomb or polygonally delimited outline shape.
- the lateral dimensions of the mosaic elements are advantageously in no direction more than five times the dimension in one of the other directions.
- the mosaic elements have a simple relief shape with precisely one reflective surface inclined towards the surface of the security element.
- the angle of inclination of the reflective surface of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than about 45 °.
- the reflective surface of the mosaic elements can be flat or concave or convex.
- the mosaic elements have relief shapes with two or more reflective surfaces inclined in different directions against the surface of the security element.
- the mosaic elements can have a roof structure or a multi-sided pyramidal structure.
- the angle of inclination of the reflective surfaces of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than approximately 45 °, and the reflective surfaces the mosaic elements can be flat as well as concave or convex.
- the mosaic elements have a simple relief shape in some areas with a central reflective surface inclined towards the surface of the security element (the so-called central orientation).
- the angles of inclination of the reflective surface of the mosaic elements exhibit an essentially random variation around different mean orientations that are predetermined in certain areas.
- the mean orientation of the reflection surfaces (or facets) of different mosaic elements (or pixels) is chosen analogously to the mean orientation of the pigments.
- the glitter effect of such colors is based on the fact that the individual pigments do not reflect exactly in a given direction, but that there is a certain random variation in the reflection directions.
- Optically variable security elements with such a microstructure are from WO 2011/066991 A2 known.
- the variation in the directions of reflection predetermined by the variation in the orientations of the facets of different pixels is preferably at least approximately 1 °, preferably at least approximately 3 °, particularly preferably at least approximately 10 °.
- mosaic elements form retroreflectors, that is to say structures that reflect multiple times, which reflect light incident back from a certain angular range in the direction of incidence.
- the mosaic elements have a cube-corner structure with a relief shape made up of three reflective surfaces that are essentially perpendicular to one another and facing one another.
- the three reflective surfaces define an optical axis which, for a cube-corner structure, is given by the spatial diagonal of the associated cube.
- the optical axis defined in this way preferably points in a preselected direction for each mosaic element, so that one or more image motifs can be displayed, as described in more detail below.
- the mosaic itself preferably represents a raster image made up of a plurality of pixels, each pixel being formed by one or more achromatically reflective mosaic elements.
- the brightness of the pixels of the raster image can be determined by one or more of the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial alignment of the mosaic elements of the respective pixel, or by the number of mosaic elements with certain characteristic parameters in the respective pixel.
- the mosaic of the security element can also reflect two or more different image motifs in different spatial areas, so that a tilted or moving image is created for the viewer when the security element moves accordingly.
- the mosaic can also reflect an increasing or decreasing outline of an image motif into different spatial areas, so that a pump image is created for the viewer when the security element is moved accordingly. If the mosaic reflects at least two views of a picture motif in different areas of the room, the result is for gives the viewer a stereo image of the subject at a preselected viewing distance.
- the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements can be selected so that one or all of the motif images are visible to the viewer when the security element is flatly oriented.
- these parameters can also be selected in such a way that one or all of the motif images only appear to the viewer when the security element is deformed in a preselected manner.
- a security element can additionally have information in the form of patterns, characters or codes that are formed by non-reflective areas within the mosaic.
- the reflective microstructures can also be combined with holographic or hologram-like diffraction structures, or with incorporated magnetic substances, with incorporated phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances, with specifically set conductivity, in particular through a specifically set thickness of a metallic reflective layer, with color-shifting effects or colored embossing varnish and the like be provided.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which the surface profile of the optically variable surface pattern, in particular a microstructure, is embossed in a lacquer layer and the embossed lacquer layer is coated with a semitransparent functional layer, e.g. by means of PVD.
- the surface profile is preferably embossed in a UV-curable lacquer layer and the lacquer layer is cured after the embossing.
- thermoplastic embossing lacquers can also be used.
- thermoplastic embossing lacquers for. B. thermoplastic materials into consideration, in which the surface profile according to the invention is embossed by means of a suitable embossing tool under the action of heat.
- thermoplastics which are provided with the microstructure according to the invention by means of a nickel die as an embossing tool at a temperature of about 130 ° C.
- optically variable see-through security element according to the invention can in particular be present as a patch or label, as a security thread or as a security strip.
- the invention further comprises a data carrier, in particular a value document such as a bank note, an identification card or the like, which is equipped with a security element of the type described.
- a data carrier in particular a value document such as a bank note, an identification card or the like, which is equipped with a security element of the type described.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a bank note 1 with an optically variable see-through security element 2 according to the invention, which is arranged in the form of a patch over a continuous opening of the bank note 1.
- the security element 2 shows an appearance of a different color when viewed from above than when viewed through.
- the security element 2 shows a golden color when viewed in incident light, the motif 3 of a curved cross being highlighted three-dimensionally in the foreground area in front of a nested, noisy background area 4 (see FIG Figure 2 ).
- the security element 2 When viewed in transmitted light, the security element 2 shows a blue color, with the motif 3 in a rich deep blue contrasting with the light blue to gray background area 4 (see FIG Figure 3 ).
- Figure 4 schematically shows the structure of the security element 2 according to the first embodiment in cross section (along the dashed line in FIGS Figures 2 and 3 ).
- the security element is based on a carrier film 5, for example a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, which is provided with a transparent embossing lacquer 6 is.
- a relief structure is embossed into the embossing lacquer 6, which is made such that a flat, optically variable surface pattern with a multiplicity of essentially radiation-optically acting facets 7 is formed.
- the facets 7 are formed by flat surface pieces and are each characterized by their shape, size and orientation. The orientation of a facet 7 is indicated by the inclination ⁇ to the plane 8 of the surface area.
- the facets 7 have a square outline with dimensions of 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
- the sub-areas 9 and 11 each form a so-called rough area, the sub-area 10 forms a so-called smooth area.
- the semitransparent functional layer 12 can be formed, for example, from a three-layer thin film structure Al / SiO 2 / Al or Ag / SiO 2 / Ag produced by vapor deposition or PVD, which is gold-colored when viewed in incident light and a blue color when viewed in transmitted light shows and has almost no color shift effect in transmitted light.
- a further lacquer layer 13 is applied over the semitransparent functional layer 12, which has essentially the same refractive index as the lacquer layer 6, which ensures that incident light traverses the sequence of layers of the security element, regardless of the local angle of inclination ⁇ of the facets 7, essentially without directional deflection and thus a uniform Brightness distribution generated in the plane of the surface pattern.
- the sub-area 10 appears to the viewer in transmitted light in a rich deep blue, while the sub-areas 9 and 11 each show a light blue to gray color, so that the colored sub-area 10 in the form of a foreground area contrasts with the diffuse, achromatic background areas 9 and 11 takes off.
- Figure 5 shows a security element according to a second exemplary embodiment, only the relief structure of the embossing lacquer being shown in the figure for the sake of simplicity.
- the sub-areas 15 and 17 each form a rough area, the sub-areas 14 and 16 each form a smooth area.
- the facets 18 in the surface of the embossing lacquer are oriented in such a way that a viewer can perceive the surface area as a surface that protrudes and / or reclines in relation to its actual spatial shape.
- Such relief structures are from the WO 2011/066990 A2 known.
- the Figure 7 shows the section of a smooth part of the optically variable surface pattern.
- the layer structure contains the carrier film 19, the embossing lacquer 20 and the semitransparent functional layer, consisting of Al layers 21, 23 and an SiO 2 layer 22 arranged between them.
- the light beam 24 is not refracted or scattered and hits during its transmission through the layer structure straight into the eye of the beholder.
- Fig. 8 shows the section of a single micromirror area within a rough sub-area of the optically variable surface pattern.
- the light beam is scattered or refracted, which leads to a gray tone.
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- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein optisch variables Durchsichtssicherheitselement zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen, mit einem ebenen, optisch variablen Flächenmuster, das in Durchsicht eine andere Farbe wie in Aufsicht zeigt.The invention relates to an optically variable see-through security element for securing objects of value, with a flat, optically variable surface pattern that shows a different color when looking through it than when looking through it.
Datenträger, wie Wert- oder Ausweisdokumente, aber auch andere Wertgegenstände, wie etwa Markenartikel, werden zur Absicherung oft mit Sicherheitselementen versehen, die eine Überprüfung der Echtheit des Datenträgers gestatten und die zugleich als Schutz vor unerlaubter Reproduktion dienen. Dabei gewinnen zunehmend Durchsichtssicherheitsmerkmale, wie etwa Durchsichtsfenster in Banknoten, an Attraktivität.Data carriers such as value or identity documents, but also other objects of value such as branded items, are often provided with security elements for protection that allow the authenticity of the data carrier to be checked and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction. In the process, see-through security features, such as see-through windows in banknotes, are becoming increasingly attractive.
Die
Ausgehend davon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Durchsichtssicherheitselement anzugeben, das ein ansprechendes visuelles Erscheinungsbild mit einer verbesserten Fälschungssicherheit verbindet und idealerweise in dem im Sicherheitsbereich geforderten großtechnischen Maßstab herstellbar ist.Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of specifying a see-through security element which combines an attractive visual appearance with improved protection against forgery and which can ideally be produced on the industrial scale required in the security sector.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Der erste Aspekt der Erfindung, gemäß Anspruch 1, betrifft ein optisch variables Durchsichtssicherheitselement zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen, mit einem ebenen, optisch variablen Flächenmuster, das in Durchsicht eine andere Farbe wie in Aufsicht zeigt und in Durchsicht nahezu keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweist, wobei
- das optisch variable Flächenmuster eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen strahlungsoptisch wirkenden Facetten enthält, deren Orientierung jeweils durch einen Neigungswinkel α gegen die Ebene des Flächenmusters, der in einem Bereich von 0° bis 30° liegt, charakterisiert ist,
- die Facetten mit einer semitransparenten, in Durchsicht in einer anderen Farbe wie in Aufsicht erscheinenden und in Durchsicht nahezu keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweisenden Funktionsschicht versehen sind, und
- das optisch variable Flächenmuster zumindest zwei Teilbereiche mit jeweils einer Vielzahl ähnlich orientierter Facetten enthält, wobei die Facetten des einen Teilbereichs einen geringen Neigungswinkel α und die Facetten des weiteren Teilbereichs einen hohen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, sodass das optisch variable Flächenmuster in Durchsicht im Teilbereich, in dem die Facetten einen geringen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, in einer hohen Buntheit bzw. Chroma erscheint und im Teilbereich, in dem die Facetten einen hohen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, in einer geringen Buntheit bzw. Chroma erscheint.
- the optically variable surface pattern contains a plurality of essentially radiation-optically acting facets, the orientation of which is characterized in each case by an angle of inclination α relative to the plane of the surface pattern, which lies in a range from 0 ° to 30 °,
- the facets are provided with a semitransparent functional layer, which appears in a different color when viewed from above and which, when viewed through, has almost no color shift effect, and
- the optically variable surface pattern contains at least two sub-areas each with a large number of similarly oriented facets, the facets of one sub-area having a low angle of inclination α and the facets of the further sub-area having a high angle of inclination α, so that the optically variable surface pattern can be seen through in the sub-area in which the facets have a small angle of inclination α, appear with a high degree of chromaticity or chroma and appear in the partial area in which the facets have a high angle of inclination α, with a low degree of chroma.
Die Buntheit bzw. Chroma beschreibt die relative Farbwirkung im Verhältnis zum Referenzweiß, also im Vergleich zu einem bestimmten hellsten Punkt eines Farbraums. Die Buntheit eignet sich als Messwert etwa für kegelförmige Farbräume, wo von der Spitze aus gemessen werden kann. Diese Systeme sind im Druckwesen praktisch, wo das Papierweiß die Nullfarbe darstellt und für sattes Schwarz genauso viel Farbauftrag notwendig ist wie für sattes Rot. Weiß hat eine Buntheit von 0, die Farbtöne (Bunttöne) und Tiefschwarz bis zu 100 %, Mittelgrau 50 %.The chroma describes the relative color effect in relation to the reference white, i.e. in comparison to a certain brightest point in a color space. The chroma is suitable as a measured value for conical color spaces, for example, where measurements can be made from the tip. These systems are useful in printing, where paper white is the neutral color and just as much paint is necessary for rich black as for rich red. White has a chroma of 0, the hues (hues) and deep black up to 100%, medium gray 50%.
Das optisch variable Flächenmuster basiert insbesondere auf einer in eine Prägelackschicht eingeprägten Reliefstruktur, nämlich eine reflektierende Mikrostruktur in Form eines Mosaiks aus einer Vielzahl reflektierender Mosaikelemente bzw. Facetten, die durch die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung charakterisierbar sind und die ein vorbestimmtes Motiv bilden, indem verschiedene Gruppen von Mosaikelementen mit unterschiedlichen charakteristischen Parametern einfallendes Licht in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren, wobei die Mosaikelemente eine laterale Abmessung 1 unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des Auges aufweisen. Die laterale Abmessung 1 eines Mosaikelements ist in der
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen sind aus den Unteransprüche zu entnehmen. Der zweite Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft einen Datenträger mit einem Durchsichtssicherheitselement nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, wobei das Durchsichtssicherheitselement vorzugsweise in oder über einem Fensterbereich oder einer durchgehenden Öffnung des Datenträgers angeordnet ist.Preferred configurations can be found in the subclaims. The second aspect of the invention relates to a data carrier with a see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, the see-through security element preferably being arranged in or above a window area or a continuous opening of the data carrier.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsformen Gemäß der Erfindung ist bei einem gattungsgemäßen optisch variablen Durchsichtssicherheitselement vorgesehen, dass
- es ein ebenes, optisch variables Flächenmuster enthält, das in Durchsicht eine andere Farbe wie in Aufsicht zeigt und in Durchsicht nahezu keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweist,
- das optisch variable Flächenmuster eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen strahlungsoptisch wirkenden Facetten enthält, deren Orientierung jeweils durch einen Neigungswinkel α gegen die Ebene des Flächenmusters, der in einem Bereich von 0° bis 30° liegt, charakterisiert ist,
- die Facetten mit einer semitransparenten, in Durchsicht in einer anderen Farbe wie in Aufsicht erscheinenden und in Durchsicht nahezu keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweisenden Funktionsschicht versehen sind, und
- das optisch variable Flächenmuster zumindest zwei Teilbereiche mit jeweils einer Vielzahl ähnlich orientierter Facetten enthält, wobei die Facetten des einen Teilbereichs einen geringen Neigungswinkel α und die Facetten des weiteren Teilbereichs einen hohen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, sodass das optisch variable Flächenmuster in Durchsicht im Teilbereich, in dem die Facetten einen geringen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, in einer hohen Buntheit bzw. Chroma erscheint und im Teilbereich, in dem die Facetten einen hohen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, in einer geringen Buntheit bzw. Chroma erscheint.
- it contains a flat, optically variable surface pattern that shows a different color when looking through it than when looking through it and has almost no color shift effect when looking through it,
- the optically variable surface pattern contains a plurality of essentially radiation-optically acting facets, the orientation of which is characterized in each case by an angle of inclination α relative to the plane of the surface pattern, which lies in a range from 0 ° to 30 °,
- the facets are provided with a semitransparent functional layer, which appears in a different color when viewed from above and which, when viewed through, has almost no color shift effect, and
- the optically variable surface pattern contains at least two sub-areas each with a large number of similarly oriented facets, the facets of one sub-area having a low angle of inclination α and the facets of the further sub-area having a high angle of inclination α, so that the optically variable surface pattern can be seen through in the sub-area in which the facets have a small angle of inclination α, in a high one Colourfulness or chroma appears and in the partial area in which the facets have a high angle of inclination α appears in a low colourfulness or chroma.
Die Buntheit bzw. Chroma beschreibt die relative Farbwirkung im Verhältnis zum Referenzweiß, also im Vergleich zu einem bestimmten hellsten Punkt eines Farbraums. Die Buntheit eignet sich als Messwert etwa für kegelförmige Farbräume, wo von der Spitze aus gemessen werden kann. Diese Systeme sind im Druckwesen praktisch, wo das Papierweiß die Nullfarbe darstellt und für sattes Schwarz genauso viel Farbauftrag notwendig ist wie für sattes Rot. Weiß hat eine Buntheit von 0, die Farbtöne (Bunttöne) und Tiefschwarz bis zu 100 %, Mittelgrau 50 %.The chroma describes the relative color effect in relation to the reference white, i.e. in comparison to a certain brightest point in a color space. The chroma is suitable as a measured value for conical color spaces, for example, where measurements can be made from the tip. These systems are useful in printing, where paper white is the neutral color and just as much paint is required for rich black as for rich red. White has a chroma of 0, the colors (hues) and deep black up to 100%, medium gray 50%.
Das erfindungsgemäße Durchsichtssicherheitselement ist optisch variabel, d.h. unter verschiedenen Betrachtungswinkeln entstehen unterschiedliche Darstellungen.The see-through security element according to the invention is optically variable, i.e. different representations arise from different viewing angles.
Verglichen mit dem aus der
Die Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass die Buntheit bzw. Chroma bei der Betrachtung im Durchlicht stark von der Prägestruktur bzw. dem Relief abhängig ist, das mit der semitransparenten Funktionsschicht bedampft ist. Enthält das optisch variable Flächenmuster einen Teilbereich (sogenannter "glatter" Teilbereich), in dem die Facetten einen geringen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, oder liegt ein glatter bzw. ungeprägter Teilbereich ohne jegliche Facetten bzw. Mikrospiegel vor, erscheint dem Betrachter die Durchsichtsfarbe in einer hohen Buntheit bzw. Chroma. Die hohe Buntheit ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass der Prägelack an seiner Oberfläche verhältnismäßig glatt bzw. eben ist, d.h. das Licht wird im Zuge der Transmission durch den Folienaufbau nicht gebrochen oder gestreut und trifft geradlinig in das Auge des Betrachters. Des Weiteren entspricht die Dicke der semitransparenten Funktionsschicht im Falle eines ebenen bzw. glatten Untergrundes der Solldicke und ist daher optisch besonders wirksam. Enthält das optisch variable Flächenmuster einen Teilbereich (sogenannter "rauer" Teilbereich), in dem die Facetten einen hohen Neigungswinkel α aufweisen, erscheint dem Betrachter die Durchsichtsfarbe in einer geringen Buntheit bzw. Chroma, d.h. die Durchsichtsfarbe erscheint blass bzw. fahl. Die geringe Buntheit ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass der Prägelack an seiner Oberfläche ein stark ausgeprägtes, Vertiefungen, Erhöhungen und/oder Kanten enthaltendes Relief aufweist, d.h. das Licht wird im Zuge der Transmission durch den Folienaufbau diffus in alle Raumrichtungen gebrochen oder gestreut. Entsprechend dem Brechungswinkel ist nun ebenso der optische Weg durch die semitransparente Funktionsschicht und damit das Transmissionsspektrum unterschiedlich. Unterschiedliche Farbspektren ergeben in Summe einen Grauton. Des Weiteren entspricht die Dicke der semitransparenten Funktionsschicht im Falle eines rauen Untergrundes nicht der Solldicke und ist daher optisch weniger wirksam, d.h. es ergeben sich Abweichungen vom eigentlichen optischen Durchsichtseffekt.The invention is based on the knowledge that the colourfulness or chroma when viewed in transmitted light is heavily dependent on the embossed structure or the relief on which the semitransparent functional layer is vaporized. If the optically variable surface pattern contains a sub-area (so-called "smooth" sub-area) in which the facets have a small angle of inclination α, or if there is a smooth or unembossed sub-area without any facets or micromirrors, the see-through color appears to the viewer with a high degree of chroma or chroma. The high color is due to the fact that the surface of the embossing lacquer is relatively smooth or even, ie the light is not refracted or scattered in the course of transmission through the film structure and hits the viewer's eye in a straight line. Furthermore, the thickness of the semitransparent functional layer corresponds to the target thickness in the case of a level or smooth substrate and is therefore particularly effective optically. If the optically variable surface pattern contains a sub-area (so-called "rough" sub-area) in which the facets have a high angle of inclination α, the see-through color appears to the viewer in a low chroma, ie the see-through color appears pale or pale. The low chroma is due to the fact that the embossing lacquer has a strongly pronounced relief containing depressions, elevations and / or edges on its surface, ie the light is diffusely refracted or scattered in all spatial directions in the course of transmission through the film structure. According to the angle of refraction, the optical path through the semitransparent functional layer and thus the transmission spectrum are also different. Different color spectra add up to one Gray tone. Furthermore, in the case of a rough substrate, the thickness of the semitransparent functional layer does not correspond to the nominal thickness and is therefore optically less effective, ie there are deviations from the actual optical see-through effect.
Geeignete semitransparente, in Durchsicht in einer anderen Farbe wie in Aufsicht erscheinende und in Durchsicht nahezu keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweisende Funktionsschichten sind z.B. aus der
Eine geeignete semitransparente Funktionsschicht beruht z.B. auf einem mehrschichtigen Aufbau mit zwei semitransparenten metallischen Schichten und einer zwischen den zwei semitransparenten metallischen Schichten angeordneten dielektrischen Schicht. Eine solche Funktionsschicht ist z.B. mittels eines Vakuumbedampfungsverfahrens erhältlich. Geeignete mehrschichtige Aufbauten mit zwei semitransparenten metallischen Schichten und einer zwischen den zwei semitransparenten metallischen Schichten angeordneten dielektrischen Schicht haben vorzugsweise die folgende gegenständliche Beschaffenheit:
- die beiden semitransparenten metallischen Schichten werden bevorzugt von Al oder Ag gewählt; die dielektrische Schicht ist insbesondere eine SiO2-Schicht oder eine MgF2-Schicht, bevorzugt eine SiO2-Schicht ;
- im Falle, dass jede der beiden semitransparenten metallischen Schichten auf Al beruht, liegt die jeweilige bevorzugte Schichtdicke in einem Bereich von 5 nm bis 20 nm, insbesondere bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 10 nm bis 14 nm; die dielektrische SiO2-Schicht hat vorzugsweise eine Schichtdicke in einem Bereich von 50 nm bis 450 nm, weiter bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 80 nm bis 260 nm und insbesondere bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 210 nm bis 260 nm, wobei die Bereiche von 80 nm bis 100 nm und von 210 nm bis 240 nm speziell für die Bereitstellung eines Gold/Blau-Farbwechsels besonders bevorzugt werden;
- im Falle, dass jede der beiden semitransparenten metallischen Schichten auf Ag beruht, liegt die jeweilige bevorzugte Schichtdicke in einem Bereich von 15 nm bis 30 nm, insbesondere bevorzugt von 15 nm bis 25 nm; die dielektrische SiO2-Schicht hat vorzugsweise eine Schichtdicke in einem Bereich von 50 nm bis 450 nm, weiter bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 80 nm bis 260 nm und insbesondere bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 210 nm bis 260 nm, wobei die Bereiche von 80 nm bis 100 nm und von 210 nm bis 240 nm speziell für die Bereitstellung eines Gold/Blau-Farbwechsels besonders bevorzugt werden.
- the two semitransparent metallic layers are preferably selected from Al or Ag; the dielectric layer is in particular an SiO 2 layer or an MgF 2 layer, preferably an SiO 2 layer;
- in the event that each of the two semitransparent metallic layers is based on Al, the respective preferred layer thickness is in a range from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably in a range from 10 nm to 14 nm; the dielectric SiO 2 layer preferably has a layer thickness in one Range from 50 nm to 450 nm, more preferably in a range from 80 nm to 260 nm and particularly preferably in a range from 210 nm to 260 nm, the ranges from 80 nm to 100 nm and from 210 nm to 240 nm specifically for the provision of a gold / blue color change is particularly preferred;
- in the event that each of the two semitransparent metallic layers is based on Ag, the respective preferred layer thickness is in a range from 15 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably from 15 nm to 25 nm; the dielectric SiO 2 layer preferably has a layer thickness in a range from 50 nm to 450 nm, more preferably in a range from 80 nm to 260 nm and particularly preferably in a range from 210 nm to 260 nm, the ranges from 80 nm up to 100 nm and from 210 nm to 240 nm are particularly preferred especially for providing a gold / blue color change.
Die oben genannten mehrschichtigen Aufbauten mit zwei semitransparenten metallischen Schichten und einer zwischen den zwei semitransparenten metallischen Schichten angeordneten dielektrischen Schicht können einen symmetrischen Dreischichtaufbau aufweisen, bei dem sowohl das Material, als auch die Schichtdicke der beiden semitransparenten metallischen Schichten identisch sind. Alternativ kann aber auch ein asymmetrischer Dreischichtaufbau vorliegen, bei dem das Material und/oder die Schichtdicke der beiden semitransparenten metallischen Schichten unterschiedlich sind, z.B.
- ein Silber/ Dielektrikum/ Aluminium-Schichtsystem, wobei die Schichtdicken der Silber-Schicht und der Aluminium-Schicht identisch oder verschieden sind;
- ein Silber/Dielektrikum/Silber-Schichtsystem, wobei die Schichtdicken der beiden Silber-Schichten verschieden sind;
- ein Aluminium/ Dielektrikum/ Aluminium-Schichtsystem, wobei die Schichtdicken der beiden Aluminium-Schichten verschieden sind.
- a silver / dielectric / aluminum layer system, the layer thicknesses of the silver layer and the aluminum layer being identical or different;
- a silver / dielectric / silver layer system, the layer thicknesses of the two silver layers being different;
- an aluminum / dielectric / aluminum layer system, the layer thicknesses of the two aluminum layers being different.
Die oben genannten mehrschichtigen Schichtaufbauten ermöglichen nicht nur die Erzeugung einer semitransparenten Funktionsschicht, die bei Betrachtung im Auflicht goldfarben erscheint und bei der Betrachtung im Durchlicht einen blauen Farbton zeigt, sondern es können je nach Wahl der Schichtdicke insbesondere der dielektrischen Schicht weitere Farbwechsel erzeugt werden, z.B.
- im Auflicht Magenta, im Durchlicht Blau-Grün;
- im Auflicht Türkis, im Durchlicht Orange-Gelb;
- im Auflicht Gold, im Durchlicht Blau-Violett;
- im Auflicht Silber, im Durchlicht Violett.
- Magenta in incident light, blue-green in transmitted light;
- turquoise in incident light, orange-yellow in transmitted light;
- gold in incident light, blue-violet in transmitted light;
- Silver in incident light, violet in transmitted light.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die semitransparenten Funktionsschicht drucktechnisch mittels einer Effektpigment-Zusammensetzung erhalten werden. Druckschichten auf Basis einer Effektpigment-Zusammensetzung, die bei der Betrachtung im Auflicht eine andere Farbe wie bei der Betrachtung im Durchlicht zeigen, insbesondere einen Gold/Blau-Farbwechsel, einen Gold/Violett-Farbwechsel, einen Grün-Gold/Magenta-Farbwechsel, einen Violett/Grün-Farbwechsel oder einen Silber/Opak-Farbwechsel, werden z.B. in der
Die Mosaikelemente bilden ein vorbestimmtes Motiv, indem verschiedene Gruppen von Mosaikelementen mit unterschiedlichen charakteristischen Parametern einfallendes Licht in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren. Darüber hinaus weisen die Mosaikelemente eine laterale Abmessung unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des Auges auf.The mosaic elements form a predetermined motif in that different groups of mosaic elements with different characteristic parameters reflect incident light into different spatial areas. In addition, the mosaic elements have a lateral dimension below the resolution limit of the eye.
Bevorzugt weisen die Mosaikelemente eine laterale Abmessung von weniger als 100 µm, insbesondere bevorzugt weniger als 30 µm auf. Derart kleine Mosaikelemente lassen sich aufgrund der mit der geringen Größe verbundenen geringen Profiltiefe einerseits in etablierter Folientechnologie herstellen, andererseits erschafft die geringe Elementgröße eine Vielzahl an möglichen Anordnungen für die Mosaikelemente, wie nachfolgend zusammen mit den jeweils verbundenen Vorteilen genauer geschildert.The mosaic elements preferably have a lateral dimension of less than 100 μm, particularly preferably less than 30 μm. Such small mosaic elements can be produced on the one hand in established film technology due to the small profile depth associated with the small size, on the other hand the small element size creates a variety of possible Arrangements for the mosaic elements, as described in more detail below together with the advantages associated with each.
Die Mosaikelemente weisen vorteilhaft eine laterale Abmessung von mehr als 3 µm, vorzugsweise von mehr als 5 µm auf. Durch diese Abmessungen ist sichergestellt, dass wellenlängenabhängige Lichtbeugungseffekte zu vernachlässigen sind und dass das einfallende Licht von den Mosaikelementen ohne störende Farbeffekte achromatisch reflektiert wird.The mosaic elements advantageously have a lateral dimension of more than 3 μm, preferably of more than 5 μm. These dimensions ensure that wavelength-dependent light diffraction effects are negligible and that the incident light is reflected achromatically by the mosaic elements without disruptive color effects.
Zweckmäßig weisen die Mosaikelemente eine quadratische, rechteckige, runde, ovale, wabenförmige oder polygonal begrenzte Umrissform auf. Die lateralen Abmessungen der Mosaikelemente betragen mit Vorteil in keiner Richtung mehr als das Fünffache der Abmessung in einer der anderen Richtungen.The mosaic elements expediently have a square, rectangular, round, oval, honeycomb or polygonally delimited outline shape. The lateral dimensions of the mosaic elements are advantageously in no direction more than five times the dimension in one of the other directions.
In einer vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante weisen die Mosaikelemente eine einfache Reliefform mit genau einer gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigten Reflexionsfläche auf. Der Neigungswinkel der Reflexionsfläche der Mosaikelemente beträgt dabei zweckmäßig weniger als 90°, bevorzugt weniger als etwa 45°. Die Reflexionsfläche der Mosaikelemente kann flach oder auch konkav oder konvex gewölbt sein.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the mosaic elements have a simple relief shape with precisely one reflective surface inclined towards the surface of the security element. The angle of inclination of the reflective surface of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than about 45 °. The reflective surface of the mosaic elements can be flat or concave or convex.
In anderen ebenfalls vorteilhaften Erfindungsvarianten weisen die Mosaikelemente Reliefformen mit zwei oder mehr in verschiedene Richtungen gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigten Reflexionsflächen auf. Insbesondere können die Mosaikelemente eine Dachstruktur oder eine mehrseitige pyramidale Struktur aufweisen. Auch bei dieser Variante beträgt der Neigungswinkel der Reflexionsflächen der Mosaikelemente zweckmäßig weniger als 90°, vorzugsweise weniger als etwa 45°, und die Reflexionsflächen der Mosaikelemente können sowohl flach als auch konkav oder konvex gewölbt sein.In other likewise advantageous variants of the invention, the mosaic elements have relief shapes with two or more reflective surfaces inclined in different directions against the surface of the security element. In particular, the mosaic elements can have a roof structure or a multi-sided pyramidal structure. In this variant, too, the angle of inclination of the reflective surfaces of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than approximately 45 °, and the reflective surfaces the mosaic elements can be flat as well as concave or convex.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante weisen die Mosaikelemente bereichsweise eine einfache Reliefform mit einer mittleren, gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigten Reflexionsfläche auf (die sogenannte mittlere Orientierung). Die Neigungswinkel der Reflexionsfläche der Mosaikelemente weisen eine im Wesentlichen zufällige Variation um bereichsweise vorgegebene unterschiedliche mittlere Orientierungen auf. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein Glitzereffekt, der dem Erscheinungsbild magnetisch ausgerichteter Pigmente optisch variabler Sicherheitsfarben praktisch gleicht. Hierzu wird die mittlere Orientierung der Reflexionsflächen (bzw. Facetten) unterschiedlicher Mosaikelemente (bzw. Pixel) analog zur mittleren Orientierung der Pigmente gewählt. Der Glitzereffekt solcher Farben beruht darauf, dass die einzelnen Pigmente nicht exakt in eine vorgegebene Richtung reflektieren, sondern dass eine gewisse zufällige Variation der Reflexionsrichtungen vorliegt. Optisch variable Sicherheitselemente mit einer solchen Mikrostruktur sind aus der
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante bilden Mosaikelemente Retroreflektoren, also mehrfach reflektierende Strukturen, die aus einem gewissen Winkelbereich einfallendes Licht in die Einfallsrichtung zurückreflektieren. Insbesondere weisen die Mosaikelemente dabei eine Würfeleckstruktur mit einer Reliefform aus drei im Wesentlichen aufeinander senkrecht stehenden und einander zugewandten Reflexionsflächen auf. Die drei Reflexionsflächen definieren eine optische Achse, die für eine Würfeleckstruktur durch die Raumdiagonale des zugehörigen Würfels gegeben ist. Die so definierte optische Achse zeigt vorzugsweise für jedes Mosaikelement in eine vorgewählte Richtung, so dass ein oder mehrere Bildmotive dargestellt werden können, wie weiter unten genauer beschrieben.According to a further advantageous variant of the invention, mosaic elements form retroreflectors, that is to say structures that reflect multiple times, which reflect light incident back from a certain angular range in the direction of incidence. In particular, the mosaic elements have a cube-corner structure with a relief shape made up of three reflective surfaces that are essentially perpendicular to one another and facing one another. the three reflective surfaces define an optical axis which, for a cube-corner structure, is given by the spatial diagonal of the associated cube. The optical axis defined in this way preferably points in a preselected direction for each mosaic element, so that one or more image motifs can be displayed, as described in more detail below.
Das Mosaik selbst stellt bevorzugt ein Rasterbild aus einer Mehrzahl von Bildpunkten dar, wobei jeder Bildpunkt durch ein oder mehrere achromatisch reflektierende Mosaikelemente gebildet ist. Die Helligkeit der Bildpunkte des Rasterbilds kann dabei durch einen oder mehrere der Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung der Mosaikelemente des jeweiligen Bildpunkts bestimmt sein, oder auch durch die Anzahl der Mosaikelemente mit bestimmten charakteristischen Parametern in dem jeweiligen Bildpunkt.The mosaic itself preferably represents a raster image made up of a plurality of pixels, each pixel being formed by one or more achromatically reflective mosaic elements. The brightness of the pixels of the raster image can be determined by one or more of the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial alignment of the mosaic elements of the respective pixel, or by the number of mosaic elements with certain characteristic parameters in the respective pixel.
Bei einer Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements ist in der Anordnung der Mosaikelemente innerhalb eines Bildpunktes eine weitere Information codiert.In a further development of the security element according to the invention, further information is encoded in the arrangement of the mosaic elements within a pixel.
Erfindungsgemäß kann das Mosaik des Sicherheitselements auch zwei oder mehr unterschiedliche Bildmotive in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren, so dass für den Betrachter bei entsprechender Bewegung des Sicherheitselements ein Kipp- oder Bewegungsbild entsteht. In einer anderen Gestaltung kann das Mosaik auch eine sich vergrößernde oder verkleinernde Umrisslinie eines Bildmotivs in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren, so dass für den Betrachter bei entsprechender Bewegung des Sicherheitselements ein Pumpbild entsteht. Reflektiert das Mosaik zumindest zwei Ansichten eines Bildmotivs in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche, so entsteht für den Betrachter in einem vorgewählten Betrachtungsabstand ein Stereobild des Bildmotivs.According to the invention, the mosaic of the security element can also reflect two or more different image motifs in different spatial areas, so that a tilted or moving image is created for the viewer when the security element moves accordingly. In another configuration, the mosaic can also reflect an increasing or decreasing outline of an image motif into different spatial areas, so that a pump image is created for the viewer when the security element is moved accordingly. If the mosaic reflects at least two views of a picture motif in different areas of the room, the result is for gives the viewer a stereo image of the subject at a preselected viewing distance.
In allen beschriebenen Gestaltungen können die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung der Mosaikelemente so gewählt sein, dass eines oder alle der Motivbilder für den Betrachter bei ebener Ausrichtung des Sicherheitselements sichtbar sind. Diese Parameter können alternativ oder zusätzlich auch so gewählt sein, dass eines oder alle der Motivbilder für den Betrachter erst bei einer vorgewählten Verformung des Sicherheitselements erscheinen.In all of the configurations described, the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements can be selected so that one or all of the motif images are visible to the viewer when the security element is flatly oriented. As an alternative or in addition, these parameters can also be selected in such a way that one or all of the motif images only appear to the viewer when the security element is deformed in a preselected manner.
Neben den Ausführungsformen, bei denen der Betrachter das Sicherheitselement selbst betrachtet, kommen auch Gestaltungen infrage, bei denen die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung der Mosaikelemente so gewählt sind, dass das Sicherheitselement eines oder alle der Motivbilder bei vorgewählter Beleuchtung auf eine Auffangfläche vorgewählter Geometrie projiziert.In addition to the embodiments in which the viewer looks at the security element himself, designs are also possible in which the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements are selected so that the security element of one or all of the motif images appear with preselected lighting projects a collecting surface of preselected geometry.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselemente können mit weiteren Sicherheitsmerkmalen kombiniert sein. Beispielsweise kann ein Sicherheitselement zusätzlich Informationen in Form von Mustern, Zeichen oder Codierungen aufweisen, die durch nichtreflektierende Bereiche innerhalb des Mosaiks gebildet sind. Auch können die reflektierenden Mikrostrukturen mit holographischen oder hologrammähnlichen Beugungsstrukturen kombiniert, oder mit eingearbeiteten magnetischen Stoffen, mit eingearbeiteten phosphoreszierenden, fluoreszierenden oder sonstigen lumineszierenden Stoffen, mit gezielt eingestellter Leitfähigkeit, insbesondere durch eine gezielt eingestellte Dicke einer metallischen Reflexionsschicht, mit Farbkippeffekten oder gefärbtem Prägelack und dergleichen versehen sein.The security elements according to the invention can be combined with further security features. For example, a security element can additionally have information in the form of patterns, characters or codes that are formed by non-reflective areas within the mosaic. The reflective microstructures can also be combined with holographic or hologram-like diffraction structures, or with incorporated magnetic substances, with incorporated phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances, with specifically set conductivity, in particular through a specifically set thickness of a metallic reflective layer, with color-shifting effects or colored embossing varnish and the like be provided.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements der beschriebenen Art, bei dem das Oberflächenprofil des optisch variablen Flächenmusters, insbesondere eine Mikrostruktur, in eine Lackschicht geprägt wird und die geprägte Lackschicht mit einer semitransparenten Funktionsschicht z.B. mittels PVD beschichtet wird. Das Oberflächenprofil wird dabei bevorzugt in eine UV-härtbare Lackschicht geprägt und die Lackschicht nach der Prägung ausgehärtet.The invention also relates to a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which the surface profile of the optically variable surface pattern, in particular a microstructure, is embossed in a lacquer layer and the embossed lacquer layer is coated with a semitransparent functional layer, e.g. by means of PVD. The surface profile is preferably embossed in a UV-curable lacquer layer and the lacquer layer is cured after the embossing.
Das Oberflächenprofil des optisch variablen Flächenmusters, insbesondere eine Mikrostruktur, kann grundsätzlich in alle bekannten Materialien eingebracht werden, die dem Prägeverfahren zugänglich sind. Neben den bereits erwähnten und bevorzugten UV-härtbaren Lacken können deshalb z. B. auch thermoplastische Prägelacke Verwendung finden. Als thermoplastische Prägelacke kommen z. B. thermoplastische Kunststoffmaterialien in Betracht, in die mittels eines geeigneten Prägewerkzeugs unter Einwirken von Wärme das erfindungsgemäße Oberflächenprofil eingeprägt wird. Sehr verbreitet sind z. B. thermoplastische Kunststoffe, die mittels einer Nickelmatrize als Prägewerkzeug bei einer Temperatur von ca. 130 °C mit der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrostruktur versehen werden.The surface profile of the optically variable surface pattern, in particular a microstructure, can in principle be incorporated into all known materials that are accessible to the embossing process. In addition to the already mentioned and preferred UV-curable lacquers, z. B. thermoplastic embossing lacquers can also be used. As thermoplastic embossing lacquers, for. B. thermoplastic materials into consideration, in which the surface profile according to the invention is embossed by means of a suitable embossing tool under the action of heat. Very common are z. B. thermoplastics, which are provided with the microstructure according to the invention by means of a nickel die as an embossing tool at a temperature of about 130 ° C.
Das erfindungsgemäße optisch variable Durchsichtssicherheitselement kann insbesondere als Patch bzw. Etikett, als Sicherheitsfaden oder als Sicherheitsstreifen vorliegen.The optically variable see-through security element according to the invention can in particular be present as a patch or label, as a security thread or as a security strip.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiter einen Datenträger, insbesondere ein Wertdokument, wie eine Banknote, eine Ausweiskarte oder dergleichen, der mit einem Sicherheitselement der beschriebenen Art ausgestattet ist.The invention further comprises a data carrier, in particular a value document such as a bank note, an identification card or the like, which is equipped with a security element of the type described.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further exemplary embodiments as well as advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, the representation of which is true to scale and proportions was dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem erfindungsgemäßen optisch variablen Durchsichtsicherheitselement,
- Fig. 2
- ein Sicherheitselement gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel bei der Betrachtung in Aufsicht,
- Fig.3
- das Sicherheitselement gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel bei der Betrachtung in Durchsicht,
- Fig.4
- schematisch den Aufbau des Sicherheitselements gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 5
- die Reliefstruktur eines Sicherheitselement gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel im Querschnitt,
- Fig.6
- die Reliefstruktur eines Sicherheitselement gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel im Querschnitt,
- Fig.7
- den Ausschnitt eines einzelnen Mikrospiegelbereichs innerhalb eines glatten Teilbereichs eines optisch variablen Flächenmusters, und
- Fig. 8
- den Ausschnitt eines einzelnen Mikrospiegelbereichs innerhalb eines rauen Teilbereichs eines optisch variablen Flächenmusters.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a bank note with an optically variable see-through security element according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a security element according to a first embodiment when viewed from above,
- Fig. 3
- the security element according to the first embodiment when viewed in transparency,
- Fig. 4
- schematically the structure of the security element according to the first embodiment in cross section,
- Fig. 5
- the relief structure of a security element according to a second embodiment in cross section,
- Fig. 6
- the relief structure of a security element according to a third embodiment in cross section,
- Fig.7
- the section of an individual micromirror area within a smooth sub-area of an optically variable surface pattern, and
- Fig. 8
- the section of an individual micromirror area within a rough sub-area of an optically variable surface pattern.
Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel von Sicherheitselementen für Banknoten erläutert.
Gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt das Sicherheitselement 2 bei der Betrachtung im Auflicht eine goldene Farbe, wobei sich das Motiv 3 eines gewölbten Kreuzes dreidimensional im Vordergrundbereich vor einem verschachtelten, verrauschten Hintergrundbereich 4 hervorhebt (siehe
Bei der Betrachtung im Durchlicht zeigt das Sicherheitselement 2 eine blaue Farbe, wobei sich das Motiv 3 in sattem Tiefblau kontrastreich vom hellblauen bis grauen Hintergrundbereich 4 abhebt (siehe
Das Sicherheitselement basiert auf einer Trägerfolie 5, z.B. eine Polyethylenterephthalat(PET)-Folie, die mit einem transparenten Prägelack 6 versehen ist. In den Prägelack 6 ist eine Reliefstruktur eingeprägt, die so beschaffen ist, dass ein ebenes, optisch variables Flächenmuster mit einer Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen strahlungsoptisch wirkenden Facetten 7 gebildet wird. Die Facetten 7 sind durch ebene Flächenstücke gebildet und sind jeweils durch ihre Form, Größe und Orientierung charakterisiert. Die Orientierung einer Facette 7 wird durch die Neigung α zur Ebene 8 des Flächenbereichs angegeben. Die Facetten 7 weisen im Ausführungsbeispiel einen quadratischen Umriss mit einer Abmessung von 20 µm × 20 µm auf.The security element is based on a carrier film 5, for example a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, which is provided with a
Wie in der
Die semitransparente Funktionsschicht 12 kann z.B. aus einem durch Bedampfung bzw. PVD erzeugten Dreischicht-Dünnfilmaufbau Al/SiO2/ Al oder Ag/SiO2/ Ag gebildet sein, der bei der Betrachtung im Auflicht goldfarben ist und bei der Betrachtung im Durchlicht eine blaue Farbe zeigt und im Durchlicht nahezu keinen Farbkippeffekt aufweist.The semitransparent
Über der semitransparenten Funktionsschicht 12 ist eine weitere Lackschicht 13 aufgebracht, die im Wesentlichen denselben Brechungsindex wie die Lackschicht 6 aufweist, was sicherstellt, dass einfallendes Licht die Schichtenfolge des Sicherheitselements unabhängig vom lokalen Neigungswinkel α der Facetten 7 im Wesentlichen ohne Richtungsablenkung durchquert und so eine gleichmäßige Helligkeitsverteilung in der Ebene des Flächenmusters erzeugt.A
Der Teilbereich 10 erscheint dem Betrachter bei der Betrachtung im Durchlicht in einem satten Tiefblau, während die Teilbereiche 9 und 11 jeweils eine hellblaue bis graue Farbe zeigen, sodass sich der bunte Teilbereich 10 in Form eines Vordergrundbereichs kontrastreich von den diffusen, unbunten Hintergrundbereichen 9 und 11 abhebt.The sub-area 10 appears to the viewer in transmitted light in a rich deep blue, while the sub-areas 9 and 11 each show a light blue to gray color, so that the
In dem in der
In dem in der
Anhand der
Die
Claims (18)
- An optically variable see-through security element for securing objects of value with a planar, optically variable area pattern which shows a different color when viewed in transmission than when viewed in plan view and which has nearly no color-shift effect when viewed in transmission, wherein- the optically variable area pattern includes a multiplicity of substantially radiation-optically effective facets, the orientation of which is characterized in each case by an inclination angle α relative to the plane of the area pattern which lies in a range from 0° to 30°,- the facets are supplied with a semitransparent functional layer which appears in a different color when viewed in transmission than when viewed in plan view and which has nearly no color-shift effect when viewed in transmission, and- the optically variable area pattern includes at least two subregions with a multiplicity of similarly oriented facets in each case, wherein the facets of the one subregion have a small inclination angle α and the facets of the further subregion have a great inclination angle α, so that the optically variable area pattern, when viewed in transmission, appears in high chromaticity or chroma in the subregion in which the facets have a small inclination angle α, and appears in low chromaticity or chroma in the subregion in which the facets have a great inclination angle α.
- The see-through security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the area occupied by each subregion on the optically variable area pattern is at least 50 times, preferably at least 100 times, particularly preferably at least 1000 times greater than the area occupied on average by one individual facet of this area region.
- The see-through security element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the facets of the at least two subregions differ with respect to their inclination angle relative to the plane by 5° or more, preferably by 10° or more.
- The see-through security element according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the facets having a small inclination angle α of the one subregion have an inclination angle α in a range from 0° to 15°, preferably in a range from 0° to 10°, and the facets having a great inclination angle α of the further subregion have an inclination angle α in a range from 15° to 30°, preferably in a range from 20° to 30°.
- The see-through security element according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the facets are supplied in each case with a semitransparent functional layer appearing in a different color when viewed in transmission than when viewed in plan view, the layer thickness of which varies with the inclination angle α of the facets, preferably decreases with an increasing inclination angle α.
- The see-through security element according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least two subregions are arranged in the form of a motif and the motif, when viewed in transmission, appears with two or more different chromaticity values that are visually distinguishable with the naked eye.
- The see-through security element according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the optically variable area pattern in the subregions additionally has a black mask placed in register with the inclined facets, said black mask serving to adjust the transmission brightness of the facets in the respective subregions.
- The see-through security element according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the facets are embossed into an embossing lacquer layer with a first refractive index, and over the semitransparent functional layer there is applied a lacquer layer with a second refractive index that differs from the first refractive index by less than 0.3, in particular by less than 0.1.
- The see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the semitransparent functional layer has a multilayer structure with two semitransparent metallic layers and a dielectric layer arranged between the two semitransparent metallic layers.
- The see-through security element according to claim 9, characterized in that the two semitransparent metallic layers are mutually independently formed of a metal and the metal is selected in each case from the group composed of Al, Ag, Ni, Cr, Cu, Au and an alloy of one or several of the aforementioned elements, and the dielectric layer is a SiO2 layer, a ZnO layer, an Al2O3 layer, a TiO2 layer, a layer of a nitride or an oxynitride of one of the elements Si, Zn, Al or Ti or a MgF2 layer or a nitrocellulose layer, e.g. obtainable by printing technology.
- The see-through security element according to claim 9, characterized in that the two semitransparent metallic layers are mutually independently selected from Al or Ag and the dielectric layer is a SiO2 layer.
- The see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the semitransparent functional layer is based on an effect pigment composition.
- The see-through security element according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the optically variable area pattern shows a blue color when viewed in transmission and shows a golden color when viewed in plan view.
- The see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the facets are formed substantially as planar area elements.
- The see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the facets are arranged in a periodical grid and in particular form a sawtooth grating, or that the facets are arranged aperiodically.
- The see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the facets have a smallest dimension (or lateral dimension 1) of more than 2 µm, preferably of more than 5 µm, in particular of more than 10 µm, and/or that the facets have a height below 100 µm, preferably below 50 µm, in particular of less than 10 µm.
- A data carrier with a see-through security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the see-through security element is preferably arranged in or above a window region or a through opening of the data carrier.
- The data carrier according to claim 17, wherein the data carrier is a value document, in particular a banknote.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017009226.5A DE102017009226A1 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2017-10-04 | Optically variable see-through security element and data carrier |
PCT/EP2018/000456 WO2019068362A1 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-09-27 | Optically variable see-through security element and data carrier |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3691911A1 EP3691911A1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
EP3691911B1 true EP3691911B1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
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EP18782305.9A Revoked EP3691911B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-09-27 | Optically variable see-through security element and data carrier |
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EP (1) | EP3691911B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN111032364B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017009226A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019068362A1 (en) |
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EP3778256A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-17 | Hueck Folien Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Security element |
DE102020005607A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Optically variable security element |
DE102022002353A1 (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security element, value document and method for producing the same |
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DE102010047250A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element, value document with such a security element and manufacturing method of a security element |
DE102009056934A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element, value document with such a security element and manufacturing method of a security element |
DE102010049617A1 (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-04-26 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element with optically variable surface pattern |
DE102012105571B4 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2017-03-09 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Decorative element as well as security document with a decorative element |
DE102014018204A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element, method for producing the same and equipped with the security element disk |
DE102014018512A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable security element |
DE102015010744A1 (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-02-23 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element, method for producing the same and equipped with the security element disk |
WO2017139857A1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-08-24 | Demax - Holograms Ad | Relief optical device for producing of non-spectral colour images |
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2017
- 2017-10-04 DE DE102017009226.5A patent/DE102017009226A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-09-27 CN CN201880050733.2A patent/CN111032364B/en active Active
- 2018-09-27 WO PCT/EP2018/000456 patent/WO2019068362A1/en unknown
- 2018-09-27 EP EP18782305.9A patent/EP3691911B1/en not_active Revoked
Patent Citations (5)
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WO2006069663A2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multilayered effect pigment comprising a central absorber layer, method for the production thereof, use of the same, coating agent and coated object |
EP1966769B1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2014-11-12 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH | Visually variable security element, and method for production thereof |
EP2219168A2 (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-18 | Giesecke & Devrient GmbH | Transmission security element |
WO2011082761A1 (en) | 2009-12-14 | 2011-07-14 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Gold-coloured thin-layer element having a multilayered structure |
WO2016096094A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-23 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable transparent security element |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN111032364A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
CN111032364B (en) | 2021-02-02 |
DE102017009226A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
WO2019068362A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
EP3691911A1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
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