EP3529493B1 - Cryogenic pump - Google Patents

Cryogenic pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3529493B1
EP3529493B1 EP17797399.7A EP17797399A EP3529493B1 EP 3529493 B1 EP3529493 B1 EP 3529493B1 EP 17797399 A EP17797399 A EP 17797399A EP 3529493 B1 EP3529493 B1 EP 3529493B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
discharge valve
valve body
cryogenic
pump according
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EP17797399.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3529493A1 (en
Inventor
Marc BONVILAIN
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Cryostar SAS
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Cryostar SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/225—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves with throttling valves or valves varying the pump inlet opening or the outlet opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0452—Distribution members, e.g. valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/102—Disc valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cryogenic pump and more particularly to a cryogenic piston pump.
  • a cryogenic pump is used to increase the pressure of a liquid at a very low temperature, generally below -100 ° C.
  • a piston pump there is a “classic” pump structure with a piston moving in a cylinder closed at one end thereby defining a pumping chamber which is associated with liquid supply means and means for discharging pressurized liquid. It should be avoided during the passage of the cryogenic liquid in the pump that the liquid vaporizes, on the one hand, so as not to "lose” the liquid and, on the other hand, to avoid cavitation problems in the pump.
  • the pump head which comprises in particular the pumping chamber, the supply means and the discharge means, that is to say the part of the pump in which the cryogenic fluid circulates.
  • the document WO82 / 03337 Discloses a multi-cylinder pump for cryogenic liquid provided with a discharge system in which the inlet valve of each cylinder can be selectively held in the open or closed position. In the closed position, the operation of the cylinder is normal, while in the open position, the liquid fails to reach a sufficient pressure to allow it to exit through the outlet valve, thereby deactivating the cylinder. Note that for each cylinder, the cryogenic liquid is admitted radially while the pressurized liquid is discharged axially.
  • the document EP-2,600,001 illustrates a piston cryogenic pump which presents a pump head not only isolated but also cooled. Cooling is obtained by circulation of a low temperature fluid between two insulating envelopes.
  • a first drawback is the difficulty in producing the structure.
  • the temperature and pressure constraints to which the pump will be subjected are significant. With these constraints, it is first necessary to make a connection for the discharge on a pump body and then to pass it through at least one insulating jacket.
  • connection for the discharge is most often in one piece with the pump body.
  • the realization of this connection is usually done from a solid body by turning-milling on a digital machine tool with several axes and requires a lot of material removal.
  • sheets and flanges are added to form at least one insulation casing of the pump head and the passage of an insulation casing requires adapting the casing to the connector and then making a sealed connection, by welding, between the casing and the fitting.
  • steps are necessary to arrive at the finished product.
  • the complexity of manufacturing the pump increases the cost price of the pump and requires having a rigorous quality control which therefore further increases the cost of the pump.
  • a second drawback of such a structure is its size. It is in fact advisable to provide space in the extension of the pump for making the connection of the arrival of liquid to be compressed and also space laterally to the pump for connecting the delivery of liquid under pressure.
  • the document DE 10 2011 080 287 describes a piston pump intended to be used in particular for a motor vehicle braking system.
  • the pump has a transfer piston for transferring liquid as well as a piston return spring which is a spiral spring. In this document, no problem of thermal insulation is posed.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cryogenic pump (which therefore has thermal insulation), in particular a piston pump, which has a simplified structure with a view in particular to limiting its manufacturing cost.
  • the pump according to the invention will preferably be compact and compact.
  • a pump according to the invention will preferably have an increased service life compared to a pump known from the prior art.
  • the supply chamber is closed on the side opposite to the piston by a cover comprising a first passage to allow a supply of cryogenic liquid to the supply chamber and a second passage to allow a discharge of pumped liquid.
  • This structure makes it possible to have an axial supply of the pump as well as an axial discharge also. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide a radial outlet for the delivery of the pressurized liquid, which greatly simplifies the structure of the cryogenic pump. In addition, it is easier to make connections and / or passages at the level of a cover than of the casing produced around the pump body.
  • the delivery valve body is, for example, a single piece, machined and tubular, having a delivery valve seat.
  • the outlet valve may for example be a conical valve cooperating with the outlet valve seat.
  • the supply means comprise, on the one hand, inlet orifices arranged on the periphery of a front face of the discharge valve body and, on the other hand, a shutter of annular shape adapted to the shape and arrangement of the inlet orifices, said shutter being movable between an open position allowing the passage of a fluid through the inlet orifices and a closed position in which all the orifices of inlet are closed by said shutter, elastic means prestressing the shutter in its closed position.
  • the inlet orifices are preferably integrated into the discharge valve body by being arranged at the periphery of the hollow part of this body. valve. This makes it possible to have a single piece through which is done both the supply of low pressure liquid and the delivery of high pressure liquid. This further simplifies the structure of the pump and thus limits the assemblies necessary for its realization.
  • the pump body can be surrounded by an envelope of generally cylindrical shape, closed at the end located on the side of the discharge valve by the cover so as to delimit laterally the supply chamber intended receiving liquid to be pumped, said supply chamber also partially extending around the pump body.
  • cryogenic pump for better insulation, provision is preferably made for the cryogenic pump to further comprise a second envelope mounted concentrically around the first envelope so as to form an isolation enclosure around the pump body.
  • the same cover is preferably used to close the supply chamber around the pump body intended to receive the liquid to be pumped and the isolation enclosure.
  • the figure 1 is an exterior view of a piston pump type cryogenic pump. It is intended to pump a cryogenic liquid, for example liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas, liquid air, etc.
  • a cryogenic liquid for example liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas, liquid air, etc.
  • the applications of such a pump are numerous.
  • such a pump can be used within a vehicle (land or sea) for the fuel supply system of an engine, or else still in a liquid delivery station for delivering cryogenic liquid to a vehicle or for filling bottles, ...
  • This pump comprises a pump body 2 in which a pumping chamber visible on the figure 2 and described later.
  • the pump body 2 has a first flange 4 to allow its attachment to a connecting rod assembly (not shown).
  • This connecting rod assembly is intended to drive a piston by means of a piston rod 6.
  • an insulating enclosure 8 partially surrounds the pump body 2, in particular the part of the pump body 2 intended to receive cryogenic liquid, this part of the pump also being called pump head.
  • the insulating enclosure 8 is fixed to a second flange 10 of the pump body 2. It is closed at one of its ends by said second flange 10 and at its opposite end by a cover 12. On this cover 12, the presence of a degassing connection 14, a supply connection 16 for cryogenic liquid and a passage for the crossing of the cover by a discharge valve body 18.
  • the pump illustrated is thus supplied with cryogenic liquid to be pumped via the supply connection 16 and the cryogenic liquid under high pressure leaves the pump via an outlet connection 20 mounted on the discharge valve body 18 to supply a discharge line 22.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the interior of the pump figure 1 .
  • the pump body 2 inside which is made a bore of generally circular cylindrical shape defining a longitudinal axis, said axis 24 of the pump.
  • This bore is machined so as to allow sealing with guiding of a piston 26: a gas seal 28 is provided between the bore and the piston rod 6 while the piston 26 slides in a jacket 30, seals being provided between the piston 26 and the jacket 30.
  • the bore receiving the piston 26 with its gas seal 28 and its jacket 30 passes through the pump body 2 right through.
  • the pump body 2 On the side of the piston 26, the pump body 2 is closed by the discharge valve body 18 which is illustrated in more detail on the figures 3 and 4 .
  • the space, of variable volume, between the piston 26 and the discharge valve body 18 forms the pumping chamber 31 already mentioned above.
  • the discharge valve body 18 is a tubular part having an outer surface and an inner surface which are surfaces of revolution around the axis 24 of the pump.
  • the discharge valve body 18 On the side of the pump body 2, the discharge valve body 18 has a disc shape whose outside diameter is adapted to the inside diameter of the end of the bore made in the pump body 2.
  • the diameter of the disc at the end of the discharge valve body 18 decreases so that it has a shoulder.
  • the discharge valve body 18 has a radial bearing surface 32 for receiving a clamping ring 34 to allow the fixing of the discharge valve body 18 by screwing onto a front face of the pump body 2.
  • the discharge valve body 18 Above its end disc, the discharge valve body 18 has a narrowing and then gradually widens to regain its diameter substantially above the shoulder and the radial bearing surface 32.
  • Axial bores 36 are produced through the end disc of the valve and open on the one hand into the front face of the discharge valve body 18 and on the other hand at the level of the narrowing of the external surface of the discharge valve body 18.
  • a conical seat 38 cooperating with a conical valve 40.
  • a shutter 42 is housed in the bore of the pump body 2. It is in the form of a washer and is movable in translation in the longitudinal direction. On the side of the discharge valve body 18, the shutter 42 has a flat face which has a shape and a surface condition suitable for closing all the axial bores 36 of the discharge valve body 18 when the shutter 42 comes to rest against the front face of said body disposed in the bore of the pump body 2. A spring 44 comes to prestress the shutter 42 in this closed position of the axial bores 36. The shutter 42 thus forms in cooperation with the axial bores 36 a valve used to supply the pump as will appear later in the description of the operation of the pump.
  • the internal bore of the pump body 2 and the jacket 30 are arranged. As we can see on the figure 2 , the internal bore of the pump body 2 widens on the side of the discharge valve body 18.
  • the jacket 30 has a constant internal diameter. Its outer diameter increases when the inner diameter of the bore of the pump body 2 increases so that the jacket 30 has an outer shoulder which is adapted to the inner shoulder of the bore of the pump body 2. These two shoulders allow positioning of the jacket 30 in the bore of the pump body 2.
  • the diameter of the outer wall of the jacket 30 decreases to receive the spring 44 which is then mounted between the jacket 30 and a bush 46. The latter bears against the front face of the discharge valve body 18 disposed in the bore of the pump body 2. Its internal surface serves as a guide surface for the spring 44 and for the obturator 42 The latter can thus move between the front end of the jacket 30 and the outlet valve body 18.
  • the sealing ring thus forms a second cover closing at one end the space between the first envelope 48 and the second envelope 56. It is made of an insulating material suitable for very low temperatures. It is fixed to the second flange 10 for example by screws.
  • a partial vacuum is created here between the first envelope 48 and the second envelope 56.
  • a connector 58 is then used to connect the insulating enclosure 8 to a vacuum pump (not shown).
  • the cover 12 seals the insulating enclosure 8 on the side opposite the sealing ring 54 and thus creates around the pump head a reserve chamber 60 intended to receive low pressure cryogenic liquid to supply the pump. in cryogenic liquid.
  • This cover 12 is in the overall form of a curved disc having a concavity oriented towards the piston 26 and the reserve chamber 60. It is made of an insulating material thermally adapted to very low temperatures.
  • the domed shape of the cover 12 is obtained by combining a central disc-shaped part and a peripheral part of conical shape.
  • the cover 12 extends substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis 24.
  • the central part (disc-shaped) extends transversely.
  • the cover has another shape, one can for example provide that it generally has a shape of revolution (which is the case in the illustrated embodiment) around the longitudinal axis 24.
  • This cover 12 and the enclosure insulating 8 are such that they have a junction surface lying in a transverse plane (relative to the longitudinal axis 24) or substantially transverse.
  • the reserve chamber 60 is delimited by the pump body 2, the first casing 48, the sealing ring 54 and the cover 12. At the latter, the sealing is achieved by welding the cover 12 to the first casing 48 and on the second casing 56.
  • the supply connection 16 and the degassing connection 14 can also be welded to the cover 12 in order to guarantee a sealed connection each time.
  • the sealing be carried out by a set of seals 50 suitable for use at very low temperatures and for cryogenic liquids.
  • the discharge valve body 18 passes through the cover 12 in the center thereof, at the disc-shaped part of the cover 12.
  • the supply connection 16 and the degassing connection 14 are in turn arranged at the conical peripheral part of the cover 12.
  • connections are therefore slightly inclined relative to the longitudinal axis.
  • the angle of inclination formed by each of these connections (supply connection 16 and degassing connection 14) with the longitudinal axis 24 is preferably less than 45 °, more preferably less) 30 °, or even less than 20 °. It is thus possible, for example, to provide an inclination angle of the order of 10 to 20 °, for example 15 °.
  • the operation of the pump described above and illustrated in the drawing is as follows. It is ensured for the operation of the pump that the degassing connector 14 is in the high position in order to collect all the vapors resulting from any vaporization of the cryogenic liquid.
  • the supply connector 16 (arranged for example diametrically opposite to the degassing connector 14) is connected to a source of cryogenic liquid to be pumped. The feed can be done by gravity if the liquid tank is in the high position relative to the pump or using another cryogenic pump. It is advisable for the supply of liquid to ensure that the reserve chamber 60 is permanently supplied and filled with liquid to prevent gas from entering the pump.
  • the piston 26 is driven in a back and forth movement in the jacket 30 by means of its piston rod 6 which is connected to a connecting rod not shown.
  • the volume of the pumping chamber 31 increases and a vacuum is therefore created in this chamber.
  • This depression sucks the shutter 42 towards the interior of the pumping chamber 31 and thus opens the axial bores 36 made in the discharge valve body 18.
  • the spring 44 is dimensioned according to the characteristics of the pump and in particular to allow the opening of the shutter 42 during the stroke of the piston 26 when it moves away from the outlet valve body 18. During this stroke, the pumping chamber 31 is filled with cryogenic liquid.
  • the direction of movement of the piston 26 changes and the piston 26 then approaches the discharge valve body 18.
  • the cryogenic liquid being in the pumping chamber 31 is pushed against the shutter 42 which closes.
  • the liquid in the pumping chamber 31 pushed by the piston 26 causes the discharge valve to open by opening the conical valve 40.
  • the cryogenic liquid is then discharged at high pressure (for example from 100 to 400 bar, ie from 10 to 40.10 6 Pa) in the discharge line 22.
  • high pressure in the pumping chamber 31 drops below the pressure prevailing in the discharge line 22, the conical valve 40 closes and comes to rest again against its conical seat 38 by sealing the pump discharge circuit.
  • the operation of the pump is thus very close to that of a pump of the prior art but with a very different structure.
  • the original “all axial” type structure allows the performance of a pump of the prior art having similar characteristics (delivered pressure, power, etc.) to be preserved with two main advantages, on the one hand, easier manufacture. and, on the other hand, a reduced size.
  • the new structure proposed made it possible to have a pump proper in two parts (the pump body with the cylinder receiving the piston and the discharge valve body also incorporating the 'supply) which are simpler to make, repair and / or change than the elements of a similar pump of the prior art.
  • the production of the pump body also makes it possible to limit the chips produced during its machining.
  • the machining operations are also less numerous and more homogeneous on the parts (no zone machined differently in particular to provide a radial outlet). As a result, the internal stresses on the parts during machining are lower, which also makes it possible to limit the quenching with nitrogen to be carried out during manufacture.
  • the presence of the insulating enclosure is (very) advantageous but remains optional.
  • the cover closing the supply chamber could for example be fixed on the clamping ring holding the body of the discharge valve.
  • the axial openings for the supply of the pumping chamber are integrated into the body of the discharge valve.
  • Another arrangement with separation between the supply means and the discharge means could be envisaged.
  • other valve systems known to those skilled in the art could be used both for supplying the pump and for discharging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une pompe cryogénique et plus particulièrement une pompe à piston cryogénique.The present invention relates to a cryogenic pump and more particularly to a cryogenic piston pump.

Une pompe cryogénique est utilisée pour augmenter la pression d'un liquide se trouvant à très basse température, généralement en dessous de -100°C. Dans le cas d'une pompe à piston, on retrouve une structure « classique » de pompe avec un piston se déplaçant dans un cylindre fermé à une extrémité définissant de la sorte une chambre de pompage qui est associée à des moyens d'alimentation en liquide et à des moyens de refoulement de liquide sous pression. Il convient d'éviter lors du passage du liquide cryogénique dans la pompe que le liquide se vaporise, d'une part, pour ne pas « perdre » le liquide et, d'autre part, pour éviter des problèmes de cavitation dans la pompe. Ainsi il est connu d'isoler la pompe en plaçant une enveloppe isolante autour d'une partie appelée tête de pompe et qui comprend notamment la chambre de pompage, les moyens d'alimentation et les moyens de refoulement, c'est-à-dire la partie de la pompe dans laquelle le fluide cryogénique circule.A cryogenic pump is used to increase the pressure of a liquid at a very low temperature, generally below -100 ° C. In the case of a piston pump, there is a “classic” pump structure with a piston moving in a cylinder closed at one end thereby defining a pumping chamber which is associated with liquid supply means and means for discharging pressurized liquid. It should be avoided during the passage of the cryogenic liquid in the pump that the liquid vaporizes, on the one hand, so as not to "lose" the liquid and, on the other hand, to avoid cavitation problems in the pump. Thus it is known to isolate the pump by placing an insulating envelope around a part called the pump head and which comprises in particular the pumping chamber, the supply means and the discharge means, that is to say the part of the pump in which the cryogenic fluid circulates.

Le document WO82/03337 divulgue une pompe à plusieurs cylindres pour un liquide cryogénique pourvue d'un système de décharge dans lequel la vanne d'entrée de chaque cylindre peut être maintenue de manière sélective dans la position ouverte ou fermée. Dans la position fermée, le fonctionnement du cylindre est normal, alors que dans la position ouverte, le liquide n'arrive pas à atteindre une pression suffisante à lui permettre de sortir au travers de la vanne de sortie, désactivant ainsi le cylindre. On remarque que pour chaque cylindre, l'admission de liquide cryogénique est faite radialement tandis que le refoulement du liquide sous pression se fait axialement.The document WO82 / 03337 Discloses a multi-cylinder pump for cryogenic liquid provided with a discharge system in which the inlet valve of each cylinder can be selectively held in the open or closed position. In the closed position, the operation of the cylinder is normal, while in the open position, the liquid fails to reach a sufficient pressure to allow it to exit through the outlet valve, thereby deactivating the cylinder. Note that for each cylinder, the cryogenic liquid is admitted radially while the pressurized liquid is discharged axially.

Le document EP-2 600 001 illustre une pompe cryogénique à piston qui présente une tête de pompe non seulement isolée mais aussi refroidie. Le refroidissement est obtenu par circulation d'un fluide à basse température entre deux enveloppes isolantes.The document EP-2,600,001 illustrates a piston cryogenic pump which presents a pump head not only isolated but also cooled. Cooling is obtained by circulation of a low temperature fluid between two insulating envelopes.

Dans la pompe illustrée sur le dessin de ce document EP-2 600 001 , on remarque que l'alimentation en liquide cryogénique (basse pression) se fait axialement (par rapport à l'orientation du cylindre de la pompe) tandis que le refoulement du liquide sous haute pression se fait radialement.In the pump illustrated in the drawing of this document EP-2,600,001 , we notice that the cryogenic liquid supply (low pressure) is done axially (relative to the orientation of the pump cylinder) while the discharge of the liquid under high pressure takes place radially.

Une telle structure, qui est classique sur des pompes cryogéniques, présente deux principaux inconvénients.Such a structure, which is conventional on cryogenic pumps, has two main drawbacks.

Un premier inconvénient est la difficulté à réaliser la structure. Les contraintes de température et de pression auxquelles sera soumise la pompe sont importantes. Il faut avec ces contraintes tout d'abord réaliser un raccord pour le refoulement sur un corps de pompe et ensuite le faire passer à travers au moins une enveloppe isolante.A first drawback is the difficulty in producing the structure. The temperature and pressure constraints to which the pump will be subjected are significant. With these constraints, it is first necessary to make a connection for the discharge on a pump body and then to pass it through at least one insulating jacket.

Le raccord pour le refoulement est le plus souvent d'un seul tenant avec le corps de pompe. La réalisation de ce raccord se fait habituellement à partir d'un corps massif par tournage-fraisage sur une machine-outil numérique à plusieurs axes et nécessite beaucoup d'enlèvement de matière. Ensuite, des tôles et brides sont rapportées pour former au moins une enveloppe d'isolation de la tête de pompe et la traversée d'une enveloppe d'isolation nécessite d'adapter l'enveloppe au raccord et ensuite de réaliser une liaison étanche, par soudure, entre l'enveloppe et le raccord. Au total, de nombreuses étapes sont nécessaires pour arriver au produit fini. Outre les étapes évoquées ci-dessus, il faut également prévoir au moins une trempe à l'azote pour stabiliser le produit, une étape de ressuage/radiographie pour le contrôle de la pièce produite et bien sûr des étapes de finition.The connection for the discharge is most often in one piece with the pump body. The realization of this connection is usually done from a solid body by turning-milling on a digital machine tool with several axes and requires a lot of material removal. Then, sheets and flanges are added to form at least one insulation casing of the pump head and the passage of an insulation casing requires adapting the casing to the connector and then making a sealed connection, by welding, between the casing and the fitting. In total, many steps are necessary to arrive at the finished product. In addition to the steps mentioned above, it is also necessary to provide at least a nitrogen quenching to stabilize the product, a penetrant / radiography step for checking the part produced and of course the finishing steps.

La complexité de la fabrication de la pompe augmente le prix de revient de la pompe et impose d'avoir un contrôle qualité rigoureux qui vient donc encore renchérir la pompe.The complexity of manufacturing the pump increases the cost price of the pump and requires having a rigorous quality control which therefore further increases the cost of the pump.

Un second inconvénient d'une telle structure est son encombrement. Il convient en effet de prévoir de l'espace dans le prolongement de la pompe pour réaliser le raccordement de l'arrivée de liquide à comprimer et aussi de l'espace latéralement à la pompe pour raccorder le refoulement de liquide sous pression.A second drawback of such a structure is its size. It is in fact advisable to provide space in the extension of the pump for making the connection of the arrival of liquid to be compressed and also space laterally to the pump for connecting the delivery of liquid under pressure.

Le document DE 10 2011 080 287 décrit une pompe à piston destinée à être utilisée notamment pour un système de freinage de véhicule automobile. La pompe comporte un piston de transfert pour transférer du liquide ainsi qu'un ressort de rappel de piston qui est un ressort en spirale. Dans ce document, aucune problématique d'isolation thermique n'est posée.The document DE 10 2011 080 287 describes a piston pump intended to be used in particular for a motor vehicle braking system. The pump has a transfer piston for transferring liquid as well as a piston return spring which is a spiral spring. In this document, no problem of thermal insulation is posed.

La présente invention a alors pour but de fournir une pompe cryogénique (qui présente donc une isolation thermique), notamment une pompe à piston, qui présente une structure simplifiée en vue notamment de limiter son coût de fabrication.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cryogenic pump (which therefore has thermal insulation), in particular a piston pump, which has a simplified structure with a view in particular to limiting its manufacturing cost.

Avantageusement, la pompe selon l'invention sera de préférence compacte et peu encombrante.Advantageously, the pump according to the invention will preferably be compact and compact.

En outre, une pompe selon l'invention présentera de préférence une durée de vie augmentée par rapport à une pompe connue de l'art antérieur.In addition, a pump according to the invention will preferably have an increased service life compared to a pump known from the prior art.

À cet effet, la présente invention propose une pompe cryogénique de type comportant :

  • un corps de pompe à l'intérieur duquel se trouve un piston monté mobile en translation le long d'un axe dit axe longitudinal et délimitant une chambre de pompage,
  • des moyens de refoulement de liquide sous pression hors de la chambre de pompage comportant une sortie réalisée dans un corps de clapet de refoulement monté sur l'axe longitudinal, ladite sortie étant fermée par un clapet de refoulement monté dans ledit corps de clapet de refoulement,
  • des moyens d'alimentation en liquide dans la chambre de pompage comportant un clapet d'alimentation disposé autour de la sortie de la chambre de pompage, et
  • une chambre d'alimentation disposée autour du corps de clapet de refoulement en communication avec la chambre de pompage via au moins un passage dont l'ouverture et la fermeture sont commandées par le clapet d'alimentation.
To this end, the present invention provides a cryogenic pump of the type comprising:
  • a pump body inside which is a piston mounted movable in translation along an axis said longitudinal axis and delimiting a pumping chamber,
  • means for discharging pressurized liquid out of the pumping chamber comprising an outlet formed in a discharge valve body mounted on the longitudinal axis, said outlet being closed by a discharge valve mounted in said discharge valve body,
  • means for supplying liquid to the pumping chamber comprising a supply valve disposed around the outlet from the pumping chamber, and
  • a supply chamber disposed around the discharge valve body in communication with the pumping chamber via at least one passage, the opening and closing of which are controlled by the supply valve.

Selon la présente invention, la chambre d'alimentation est fermée du côté opposé au piston par un couvercle comportant un premier passage pour permettre une alimentation en liquide cryogénique de la chambre d'alimentation et un deuxième passage pour permettre un refoulement de liquide pompé.According to the present invention, the supply chamber is closed on the side opposite to the piston by a cover comprising a first passage to allow a supply of cryogenic liquid to the supply chamber and a second passage to allow a discharge of pumped liquid.

Cette structure permet d'avoir une alimentation axiale de la pompe ainsi qu'un refoulement axial également. Il n'est donc plus nécessaire de prévoir une sortie radiale pour le refoulement du liquide sous pression, ce qui simplifie grandement la structure de la pompe cryogénique. En outre, il est plus facile de réaliser des raccords et/ou passages au niveau d'un couvercle que de l'enveloppe réalisée autour du corps de pompe.This structure makes it possible to have an axial supply of the pump as well as an axial discharge also. It is therefore no longer necessary to provide a radial outlet for the delivery of the pressurized liquid, which greatly simplifies the structure of the cryogenic pump. In addition, it is easier to make connections and / or passages at the level of a cover than of the casing produced around the pump body.

Pour réaliser le refoulement du liquide pompé, il est proposé que le corps de clapet de refoulement soit par exemple une pièce monobloc, usinée et tubulaire, présentant un siège de clapet de refoulement. Le clapet de refoulement peut être par exemple un clapet conique coopérant avec le siège de clapet de refoulement. Une telle structure pour le corps de clapet et pour le clapet, déjà connue de l'art antérieur pour réaliser un clapet de refoulement, est particulièrement bien adaptée pour la structure de pompe selon la présente invention.To carry out the delivery of the pumped liquid, it is proposed that the delivery valve body is, for example, a single piece, machined and tubular, having a delivery valve seat. The outlet valve may for example be a conical valve cooperating with the outlet valve seat. Such a structure for the valve body and for the valve, already known from the prior art for producing a discharge valve, is particularly well suited for the pump structure according to the present invention.

De manière originale, il est aussi proposé que les moyens d'alimentation comportent, d'une part, des orifices d'entrée disposés à la périphérie d'une face frontale du corps de clapet de refoulement et, d'autre part, un obturateur de forme annulaire adaptée à la forme et à la disposition des orifices d'entrée, ledit obturateur étant mobile entre une position ouverte autorisant le passage d'un fluide à travers les orifices d'entrée et une position fermée dans laquelle tous les orifices d'entrée sont obturés par ledit obturateur, des moyens élastiques venant précontraindre l'obturateur dans sa position fermée.In an original manner, it is also proposed that the supply means comprise, on the one hand, inlet orifices arranged on the periphery of a front face of the discharge valve body and, on the other hand, a shutter of annular shape adapted to the shape and arrangement of the inlet orifices, said shutter being movable between an open position allowing the passage of a fluid through the inlet orifices and a closed position in which all the orifices of inlet are closed by said shutter, elastic means prestressing the shutter in its closed position.

Avantageusement, pour des moyens de refoulement et des moyens d'alimentation tels que décrits ci-avant, les orifices d'entrée sont de préférence intégrés dans le corps de clapet de refoulement en étant disposés à la périphérie de la partie creuse de ce corps de clapet. Ceci permet d'avoir une seule pièce à travers laquelle se fait à la fois l'alimentation en liquide basse pression et le refoulement du liquide haute pression. Ceci permet de simplifier encore la structure de la pompe et ainsi de limiter les assemblages nécessaires à sa réalisation.Advantageously, for discharge means and supply means as described above, the inlet orifices are preferably integrated into the discharge valve body by being arranged at the periphery of the hollow part of this body. valve. This makes it possible to have a single piece through which is done both the supply of low pressure liquid and the delivery of high pressure liquid. This further simplifies the structure of the pump and thus limits the assemblies necessary for its realization.

Dans une pompe cryogénique selon l'invention, on peut prévoir que :

  • le corps de clapet de refoulement est monté directement sur le corps de pompe par bridage et/ou
  • le couvercle présente une forme globale de révolution autour de l'axe (24) longitudinal et/ou
  • le couvercle présente une forme bombée, sa concavité étant orientée vers l'intérieur de la pompe et/ou
  • le couvercle présente en outre un raccord de dégazage.
In a cryogenic pump according to the invention, it can be provided that:
  • the discharge valve body is mounted directly on the pump body by clamping and / or
  • the cover has an overall shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis (24) and / or
  • the cover has a domed shape, its concavity being oriented towards the inside of the pump and / or
  • the cover also has a degassing connection.

Pour isoler la pompe cryogénique décrite ici, le corps de pompe peut être entouré par une enveloppe de forme globalement cylindrique, fermée à l'extrémité se trouvant du côté du clapet de refoulement par le couvercle de manière à délimiter latéralement la chambre d'alimentation destinée à recevoir du liquide à pomper, ladite chambre d'alimentation s'étendant aussi partiellement autour du corps de pompe.To isolate the cryogenic pump described here, the pump body can be surrounded by an envelope of generally cylindrical shape, closed at the end located on the side of the discharge valve by the cover so as to delimit laterally the supply chamber intended receiving liquid to be pumped, said supply chamber also partially extending around the pump body.

Pour une meilleure isolation, on prévoit de préférence que la pompe cryogénique comporte en outre une seconde enveloppe montée concentriquement autour de la première enveloppe de manière à former une enceinte d'isolation autour du corps de pompe. Dans cette variante de réalisation, un même couvercle est de préférence utilisé pour fermer la chambre d'alimentation autour du corps de pompe destinée à recevoir du liquide à pomper et l'enceinte d'isolation.For better insulation, provision is preferably made for the cryogenic pump to further comprise a second envelope mounted concentrically around the first envelope so as to form an isolation enclosure around the pump body. In this variant embodiment, the same cover is preferably used to close the supply chamber around the pump body intended to receive the liquid to be pumped and the isolation enclosure.

Des détails et avantages de la présente invention apparaitront mieux de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin schématique annexé sur lequel :

  • La figure 1 est une vue de côté d'une pompe cryogénique selon l'invention,
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de la pompe de la figure 1,
  • La figure 3 est une première vue en perspective d'un corps de clapet de refoulement mis en oeuvre dans la pompe illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2, et
  • La figure 4 est une seconde vue du corps illustré sur la figure 3 mais sous un autre angle.
Details and advantages of the present invention will appear better from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended schematic drawing in which:
  • The figure 1 is a side view of a cryogenic pump according to the invention,
  • The figure 2 is a longitudinal section view of the pump of the figure 1 ,
  • The figure 3 is a first perspective view of a discharge valve body used in the pump illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , and
  • The figure 4 is a second view of the body illustrated on the figure 3 but from another angle.

La figure 1 est une vue extérieure d'une pompe cryogénique de type pompe à piston. Elle est destinée à pomper un liquide cryogénique, par exemple de l'azote liquide, du gaz naturel liquéfié, de l'air liquide, .... Les applications d'une telle pompe sont nombreuses. À titre d'exemples non limitatifs, une telle pompe peut être utilisée au sein d'un véhicule (terrestre ou maritime) pour le système d'alimentation en carburant d'un moteur, ou bien encore dans une station de délivrance de liquide pour délivrer du liquide cryogénique à un véhicule ou pour le remplissage de bouteilles, ....The figure 1 is an exterior view of a piston pump type cryogenic pump. It is intended to pump a cryogenic liquid, for example liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas, liquid air, etc. The applications of such a pump are numerous. By way of nonlimiting examples, such a pump can be used within a vehicle (land or sea) for the fuel supply system of an engine, or else still in a liquid delivery station for delivering cryogenic liquid to a vehicle or for filling bottles, ...

Cette pompe comporte un corps de pompe 2 dans lequel est réalisée une chambre de pompage visible sur la figure 2 et décrite plus loin. Le corps de pompe 2 comporte une première bride 4 pour permettre sa fixation sur un embiellage (non représenté). Cet embiellage est destiné à entrainer un piston par l'intermédiaire d'une tige de piston 6.This pump comprises a pump body 2 in which a pumping chamber visible on the figure 2 and described later. The pump body 2 has a first flange 4 to allow its attachment to a connecting rod assembly (not shown). This connecting rod assembly is intended to drive a piston by means of a piston rod 6.

Pour éviter la vaporisation du liquide cryogénique pompé, une enceinte isolante 8 entoure partiellement le corps de pompe 2, notamment la partie du corps de pompe 2 destinée à recevoir du liquide cryogénique, cette partie de la pompe étant aussi appelée tête de pompe. L'enceinte isolante 8 est fixée sur une seconde bride 10 du corps de pompe 2. Elle est fermée à l'une de ses extrémités par ladite seconde bride 10 et à son extrémité opposée par un couvercle 12. On remarque sur ce couvercle 12 la présence d'un raccord de dégazage 14, d'un raccord d'alimentation 16 en liquide cryogénique et d'un passage pour la traversée du couvercle par un corps de clapet de refoulement 18. La pompe illustrée est ainsi alimentée en liquide cryogénique à pomper par le raccord d'alimentation 16 et le liquide cryogénique sous haute pression quitte la pompe par un raccord de sortie 20 monté sur le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 pour alimenter une conduite de refoulement 22.To avoid vaporization of the cryogenic liquid pumped, an insulating enclosure 8 partially surrounds the pump body 2, in particular the part of the pump body 2 intended to receive cryogenic liquid, this part of the pump also being called pump head. The insulating enclosure 8 is fixed to a second flange 10 of the pump body 2. It is closed at one of its ends by said second flange 10 and at its opposite end by a cover 12. On this cover 12, the presence of a degassing connection 14, a supply connection 16 for cryogenic liquid and a passage for the crossing of the cover by a discharge valve body 18. The pump illustrated is thus supplied with cryogenic liquid to be pumped via the supply connection 16 and the cryogenic liquid under high pressure leaves the pump via an outlet connection 20 mounted on the discharge valve body 18 to supply a discharge line 22.

La figure 2 illustre l'intérieur de la pompe de la figure 1. On reconnait ici le corps de pompe 2 à l'intérieur duquel est réalisé un alésage de forme globalement cylindrique circulaire définissant un axe longitudinal, dit axe 24 de la pompe. Cet alésage est usiné de manière à permettre de réaliser avec étanchéité le guidage d'un piston 26 : un joint à gaz 28 est prévu entre l'alésage et la tige de piston 6 tandis que le piston 26 coulisse dans une chemise 30, des joints étant prévus entre le piston 26 et la chemise 30.The figure 2 illustrates the interior of the pump figure 1 . We recognize here the pump body 2 inside which is made a bore of generally circular cylindrical shape defining a longitudinal axis, said axis 24 of the pump. This bore is machined so as to allow sealing with guiding of a piston 26: a gas seal 28 is provided between the bore and the piston rod 6 while the piston 26 slides in a jacket 30, seals being provided between the piston 26 and the jacket 30.

L'alésage recevant le piston 26 avec son joint à gaz 28 et sa chemise 30 traverse le corps de pompe 2 de part en part. Du côté du piston 26, le corps de pompe 2 est fermé par le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 qui est illustré plus en détail sur les figures 3 et 4. L'espace, de volume variable, entre le piston 26 et le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 forme la chambre de pompage 31 déjà évoquée plus haut.The bore receiving the piston 26 with its gas seal 28 and its jacket 30 passes through the pump body 2 right through. On the side of the piston 26, the pump body 2 is closed by the discharge valve body 18 which is illustrated in more detail on the figures 3 and 4 . The space, of variable volume, between the piston 26 and the discharge valve body 18 forms the pumping chamber 31 already mentioned above.

Le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 est une pièce tubulaire présentant une surface extérieure et une surface intérieure qui sont des surfaces de révolution autour de l'axe 24 de pompe. Du côté du corps de pompe 2, le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 présente une forme de disque dont le diamètre extérieur est adapté au diamètre intérieur de l'extrémité de l'alésage réalisé dans le corps de pompe 2. Ainsi, le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 peut venir s'emboîter dans le corps de pompe 2. Le diamètre du disque à l'extrémité du corps de clapet de refoulement 18 diminue si bien qu'il présente un épaulement. Ainsi, le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 présente une surface d'appui radiale 32 pour recevoir un anneau de bridage 34 pour permettre la fixation du corps de clapet de refoulement 18 par vissage sur une face frontale du corps de pompe 2.The discharge valve body 18 is a tubular part having an outer surface and an inner surface which are surfaces of revolution around the axis 24 of the pump. On the side of the pump body 2, the discharge valve body 18 has a disc shape whose outside diameter is adapted to the inside diameter of the end of the bore made in the pump body 2. Thus, the body of discharge valve 18 can be fitted into the pump body 2. The diameter of the disc at the end of the discharge valve body 18 decreases so that it has a shoulder. Thus, the discharge valve body 18 has a radial bearing surface 32 for receiving a clamping ring 34 to allow the fixing of the discharge valve body 18 by screwing onto a front face of the pump body 2.

Au-dessus de son disque d'extrémité, le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 présente un rétrécissement puis se rélargit progressivement pour retrouver sensiblement son diamètre au-dessus de l'épaulement et de la surface d'appui radiale 32. Des alésages axiaux 36 sont réalisés à travers le disque d'extrémité du clapet et débouchent d'une part dans la face frontale du corps de clapet de refoulement 18 et d'autre part au niveau du rétrécissement de la surface extérieure du corps de clapet de refoulement 18.Above its end disc, the discharge valve body 18 has a narrowing and then gradually widens to regain its diameter substantially above the shoulder and the radial bearing surface 32. Axial bores 36 are produced through the end disc of the valve and open on the one hand into the front face of the discharge valve body 18 and on the other hand at the level of the narrowing of the external surface of the discharge valve body 18.

À l'intérieur du corps de clapet de refoulement 18, au niveau du disque d'extrémité, se trouve un siège conique 38 coopérant avec un clapet conique 40.Inside the discharge valve body 18, at the end disc, is a conical seat 38 cooperating with a conical valve 40.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, un obturateur 42 est logé dans l'alésage du corps de pompe 2. Il se présente sous la forme d'une rondelle et est mobile en translation dans le sens longitudinal. Du côté du corps de clapet de refoulement 18, l'obturateur 42 présente une face plane qui présente une forme et un état de surface adaptés pour venir fermer tous les alésages axiaux 36 du corps de clapet de refoulement 18 lorsque l'obturateur 42 vient reposer contre la face frontale dudit corps disposée dans l'alésage du corps de pompe 2. Un ressort 44 vient précontraindre l'obturateur 42 dans cette position fermée des alésages axiaux 36. L'obturateur 42 forme ainsi en coopération avec les alésages axiaux 36 un clapet utilisé pour l'alimentation de la pompe comme il ressortira plus loin dans la description du fonctionnement de la pompe.As we can see on the figure 2 , a shutter 42 is housed in the bore of the pump body 2. It is in the form of a washer and is movable in translation in the longitudinal direction. On the side of the discharge valve body 18, the shutter 42 has a flat face which has a shape and a surface condition suitable for closing all the axial bores 36 of the discharge valve body 18 when the shutter 42 comes to rest against the front face of said body disposed in the bore of the pump body 2. A spring 44 comes to prestress the shutter 42 in this closed position of the axial bores 36. The shutter 42 thus forms in cooperation with the axial bores 36 a valve used to supply the pump as will appear later in the description of the operation of the pump.

Pour loger le ressort 44, l'alésage intérieur du corps de pompe 2 et la chemise 30 sont aménagés. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, l'alésage intérieur du corps de pompe 2 s'élargit du côté du corps de clapet de refoulement 18. La chemise 30 présente un diamètre intérieur constant. Son diamètre extérieur augmente lorsque le diamètre intérieur de l'alésage du corps de pompe 2 augmente si bien que la chemise 30 présente un épaulement extérieur qui est adapté à l'épaulement intérieur de l'alésage du corps de pompe 2. Ces deux épaulements permettent un positionnement de la chemise 30 dans l'alésage du corps de pompe 2. Du côté du corps de clapet de refoulement 18, le diamètre de la paroi extérieure de la chemise 30 diminue pour recevoir le ressort 44 qui est alors monté entre la chemise 30 et une douille 46. Cette dernière vient en appui contre la face frontale du corps de clapet de refoulement 18 disposée dans l'alésage du corps de pompe 2. Sa surface intérieure sert de surface de guidage pour le ressort 44 et pour l'obturateur 42. Ce dernier peut ainsi se déplacer entre l'extrémité frontale de la chemise 30 et le corps de clapet de refoulement 18.To accommodate the spring 44, the internal bore of the pump body 2 and the jacket 30 are arranged. As we can see on the figure 2 , the internal bore of the pump body 2 widens on the side of the discharge valve body 18. The jacket 30 has a constant internal diameter. Its outer diameter increases when the inner diameter of the bore of the pump body 2 increases so that the jacket 30 has an outer shoulder which is adapted to the inner shoulder of the bore of the pump body 2. These two shoulders allow positioning of the jacket 30 in the bore of the pump body 2. On the side of the discharge valve body 18, the diameter of the outer wall of the jacket 30 decreases to receive the spring 44 which is then mounted between the jacket 30 and a bush 46. The latter bears against the front face of the discharge valve body 18 disposed in the bore of the pump body 2. Its internal surface serves as a guide surface for the spring 44 and for the obturator 42 The latter can thus move between the front end of the jacket 30 and the outlet valve body 18.

Pour limiter l'évaporation du liquide cryogénique comprimé dans la pompe, il est prévu l'enceinte isolante 8 évoquée plus haut. Cette enceinte présente une double enveloppe :

  • une première enveloppe 48 cylindrique circulaire est soudée (cf. cordon de soudure 52 sur la figure 2) sur un anneau d'étanchéité 54 fixé sur la seconde bride 10, du côté du corps de clapet de refoulement 18.
  • une seconde enveloppe 56 également de forme globalement cylindrique circulaire vient entourer la première enveloppe 48 en laissant un espace vide entre les deux enveloppes. Une extrémité de la seconde enveloppe 56 est montée de façon étanche, par exemple soudée, sur la face extérieure de l'anneau d'étanchéité 54.
To limit the evaporation of the cryogenic liquid compressed in the pump, the insulating enclosure 8 mentioned above is provided. This enclosure has a double envelope:
  • a first circular cylindrical casing 48 is welded (cf. weld bead 52 on the figure 2 ) on a sealing ring 54 fixed to the second flange 10, on the side of the discharge valve body 18.
  • a second envelope 56 also of generally circular cylindrical shape surrounds the first envelope 48 leaving an empty space between the two envelopes. One end of the second casing 56 is mounted in leaktight manner, for example welded, on the outer face of the sealing ring 54.

L'anneau d'étanchéité forme ainsi un second couvercle venant obturer à une extrémité l'espace se trouvant entre la première enveloppe 48 et la seconde enveloppe 56. Il est réalisé dans un matériau isolant adapté aux très basses températures. Il est fixé sur la seconde bride 10 par exemple par des vis.The sealing ring thus forms a second cover closing at one end the space between the first envelope 48 and the second envelope 56. It is made of an insulating material suitable for very low temperatures. It is fixed to the second flange 10 for example by screws.

Pour une meilleure isolation, un vide partiel est ici réalisé entre la première enveloppe 48 et la seconde enveloppe 56. Comme illustré sur la figure 1, un raccord 58 est alors utilisé pour relier l'enceinte isolante 8 à une pompe à vide (non représentée).For better insulation, a partial vacuum is created here between the first envelope 48 and the second envelope 56. As illustrated in the figure 1 , a connector 58 is then used to connect the insulating enclosure 8 to a vacuum pump (not shown).

Le couvercle 12 vient fermer de manière étanche l'enceinte isolante 8 du côté opposé à l'anneau d'étanchéité 54 et crée ainsi autour de la tête de pompe une chambre de réserve 60 destinée à recevoir du liquide cryogénique basse pression pour alimenter la pompe en liquide cryogénique. Ce couvercle 12 se présente sous la forme globale d'un disque bombé présentant une concavité orientée vers le piston 26 et la chambre de réserve 60. Il est réalisé dans une matière isolante thermiquement adaptée à de très basses températures. Dans la forme de réalisation illustrée, la forme bombée du couvercle 12 est obtenue en combinant une partie centrale en forme de disque et une partie périphérique de forme conique. Le couvercle 12 s'étend de manière sensiblement transversale par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 24. Dans la forme de réalisation illustrée, la partie centrale (en forme de disque) s'étend transversalement. Si le couvercle présente une autre forme, on peut par exemple prévoir qu'il présente globalement une forme de révolution (ce qui est le cas dans la forme de réalisation illustrée) autour de l'axe longitudinal 24. Ce couvercle 12 et l'enceinte isolante 8 sont tels qu'ils présentent une surface de jonction se trouvant dans un plan transversal (par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 24) ou sensiblement transversal.The cover 12 seals the insulating enclosure 8 on the side opposite the sealing ring 54 and thus creates around the pump head a reserve chamber 60 intended to receive low pressure cryogenic liquid to supply the pump. in cryogenic liquid. This cover 12 is in the overall form of a curved disc having a concavity oriented towards the piston 26 and the reserve chamber 60. It is made of an insulating material thermally adapted to very low temperatures. In the illustrated embodiment, the domed shape of the cover 12 is obtained by combining a central disc-shaped part and a peripheral part of conical shape. The cover 12 extends substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the central part (disc-shaped) extends transversely. If the cover has another shape, one can for example provide that it generally has a shape of revolution (which is the case in the illustrated embodiment) around the longitudinal axis 24. This cover 12 and the enclosure insulating 8 are such that they have a junction surface lying in a transverse plane (relative to the longitudinal axis 24) or substantially transverse.

La chambre de réserve 60 est délimitée par le corps de pompe 2, la première enveloppe 48, l'anneau d'étanchéité 54 et le couvercle 12. Au niveau de ce dernier, l'étanchéité est réalisée par soudures du couvercle 12 sur la première enveloppe 48 et sur la seconde enveloppe 56. Le raccord d'alimentation 16 et le raccord de dégazage 14 peuvent eux aussi être soudés sur le couvercle 12 pour garantir à chaque fois une liaison étanche. Sur la forme de réalisation de la figure 2, il est par contre proposé que l'étanchéité soit réalisée par un ensemble de joints 50 adaptés pour une utilisation à très basse température et pour des liquides cryogéniques. On remarque dans la forme de réalisation préférée de la figure 2 que le corps de clapet de refoulement 18 traverse le couvercle 12 au centre de celui-ci, au niveau de la partie en forme de disque du couvercle 12. Le raccord d'alimentation 16 et le raccord de dégazage 14 sont quant à eux disposés au niveau de la partie périphérique conique du couvercle 12. Ces raccords sont de ce fait un peu inclinés par rapport à l'axe longitudinal. L'angle d'inclinaison formé par chacun de ces raccords (raccord d'alimentation 16 et raccord de dégazage 14) avec l'axe longitudinal 24 est de préférence inférieur à 45°, de manière encore préférée inférieur) 30°, voire inférieur à 20°. On peut ainsi par exemple prévoir un angle d'inclinaison de l'ordre de 10 à 20 °, par exemple 15°.The reserve chamber 60 is delimited by the pump body 2, the first casing 48, the sealing ring 54 and the cover 12. At the latter, the sealing is achieved by welding the cover 12 to the first casing 48 and on the second casing 56. The supply connection 16 and the degassing connection 14 can also be welded to the cover 12 in order to guarantee a sealed connection each time. On the embodiment of the figure 2 , it is however proposed that the sealing be carried out by a set of seals 50 suitable for use at very low temperatures and for cryogenic liquids. Note in the preferred embodiment of the figure 2 that the discharge valve body 18 passes through the cover 12 in the center thereof, at the disc-shaped part of the cover 12. The supply connection 16 and the degassing connection 14 are in turn arranged at the conical peripheral part of the cover 12. These connections are therefore slightly inclined relative to the longitudinal axis. The angle of inclination formed by each of these connections (supply connection 16 and degassing connection 14) with the longitudinal axis 24 is preferably less than 45 °, more preferably less) 30 °, or even less than 20 °. It is thus possible, for example, to provide an inclination angle of the order of 10 to 20 °, for example 15 °.

Le fonctionnement de la pompe décrite ci-dessus et illustrée au dessin est le suivant. On veille pour le fonctionnement de la pompe que le raccord de dégazage 14 soit en position haute pour bien collecter toutes les vapeurs issues d'une vaporisation éventuelle du liquide cryogénique. En outre, le raccord d'alimentation 16 (disposé par exemple de manière diamétralement opposée au raccord de dégazage 14) est relié à une source de liquide cryogénique à pomper. L'alimentation peut se faire par gravité si le réservoir de liquide est en position haute par rapport à la pompe ou bien à l'aide d'une autre pompe cryogénique. Il convient pour l'alimentation en liquide de veiller à ce que la chambre de réserve 60 soit en permanence alimentée et remplie de liquide pour éviter que du gaz n'entre dans la pompe.The operation of the pump described above and illustrated in the drawing is as follows. It is ensured for the operation of the pump that the degassing connector 14 is in the high position in order to collect all the vapors resulting from any vaporization of the cryogenic liquid. In addition, the supply connector 16 (arranged for example diametrically opposite to the degassing connector 14) is connected to a source of cryogenic liquid to be pumped. The feed can be done by gravity if the liquid tank is in the high position relative to the pump or using another cryogenic pump. It is advisable for the supply of liquid to ensure that the reserve chamber 60 is permanently supplied and filled with liquid to prevent gas from entering the pump.

Le piston 26 est entrainé dans un mouvement de va et vient dans la chemise 30 par l'intermédiaire de sa tige de piston 6 qui est raccordée à un embiellage non représenté.The piston 26 is driven in a back and forth movement in the jacket 30 by means of its piston rod 6 which is connected to a connecting rod not shown.

Lorsque le piston 26 s'éloigne du corps de clapet de refoulement 18, le volume de la chambre de pompage 31 augmente et une dépression se crée de ce fait dans cette chambre. Cette dépression aspire l'obturateur 42 vers l'intérieur de la chambre de pompage 31 et ouvre ainsi les alésages axiaux 36 réalisés dans le corps de clapet de refoulement 18. Le ressort 44 est dimensionné en fonction des caractéristiques de la pompe et notamment pour permettre l'ouverture de l'obturateur 42 lors de la course du piston 26 quand il s'éloigne du corps de clapet de refoulement 18. Au cours de cette course, la chambre de pompage 31 se remplit de liquide cryogénique.When the piston 26 moves away from the discharge valve body 18, the volume of the pumping chamber 31 increases and a vacuum is therefore created in this chamber. This depression sucks the shutter 42 towards the interior of the pumping chamber 31 and thus opens the axial bores 36 made in the discharge valve body 18. The spring 44 is dimensioned according to the characteristics of the pump and in particular to allow the opening of the shutter 42 during the stroke of the piston 26 when it moves away from the outlet valve body 18. During this stroke, the pumping chamber 31 is filled with cryogenic liquid.

Par la suite, le sens de déplacement du piston 26 change et le piston 26 se rapproche alors du corps de clapet de refoulement 18. Le liquide cryogénique se trouvant dans la chambre de pompage 31 est poussé contre l'obturateur 42 qui se referme. Le liquide dans la chambre de pompage 31 poussé par le piston 26 provoque l'ouverture du clapet de refoulement par ouverture du clapet conique 40. Le liquide cryogénique est alors refoulé à haute pression (par exemple de 100 à 400 bar soit de 10 à 40.106 Pa) dans la conduite de refoulement 22. Dès que la pression dans la chambre de pompage 31 passe en dessous de la pression régnant dans la conduite de refoulement 22, le clapet conique 40 se referme et vient reposer à nouveau contre son siège conique 38 en fermant de manière étanche le circuit de refoulement de la pompe.Subsequently, the direction of movement of the piston 26 changes and the piston 26 then approaches the discharge valve body 18. The cryogenic liquid being in the pumping chamber 31 is pushed against the shutter 42 which closes. The liquid in the pumping chamber 31 pushed by the piston 26 causes the discharge valve to open by opening the conical valve 40. The cryogenic liquid is then discharged at high pressure (for example from 100 to 400 bar, ie from 10 to 40.10 6 Pa) in the discharge line 22. As soon as the pressure in the pumping chamber 31 drops below the pressure prevailing in the discharge line 22, the conical valve 40 closes and comes to rest again against its conical seat 38 by sealing the pump discharge circuit.

Le fonctionnement de la pompe est ainsi très proche de celui d'une pompe de l'art antérieur mais avec une structure bien différente.The operation of the pump is thus very close to that of a pump of the prior art but with a very different structure.

La structure originale de type « tout axial » permet de conserver les performances d'une pompe de l'art antérieur présentant des caractéristiques similaires (pression délivrée, puissance, etc.) avec deux principaux avantages, d'une part, une fabrication plus aisée et, d'autre part, un encombrement réduit.The original “all axial” type structure allows the performance of a pump of the prior art having similar characteristics (delivered pressure, power, etc.) to be preserved with two main advantages, on the one hand, easier manufacture. and, on the other hand, a reduced size.

Comme il ressort de la description qui précède, tous les échanges de fluide entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la pompe s'effectuent à travers le couvercle qui vient fermer l'enceinte isolante autour de la tête de pompe. Par rapport aux structures de l'art antérieur il n'est donc plus nécessaire de traverser cette enceinte isolante, ce qui permet déjà de faciliter sa réalisation. Alors que pour réaliser une enceinte isolante d'une pompe de l'art antérieur il convenait de réaliser des enveloppes « sur mesure » avec le plus souvent au moins une soudure longitudinale, il est possible de réaliser les deux enveloppes de l'enceinte isolante décrites plus haut à partir de tubes du commerce, et donc sans soudure longitudinale.As emerges from the above description, all the exchanges of fluid between the interior and the exterior of the pump are carried out through the cover which closes the insulating enclosure around the pump head. Compared to the structures of the prior art, it is therefore no longer necessary to pass through this insulating enclosure, which already makes it easier to carry out. Whereas in order to produce an insulating enclosure for a pump of the prior art, it was advisable to produce “made-to-measure” envelopes with most often at least one longitudinal weld, it is possible to produce the two envelopes of the insulating enclosure described higher from commercial tubes, and therefore without longitudinal welding.

En outre, il n'est pas non plus nécessaire d'adapter le corps de pompe pour aménager dans celui-ci une sortie radiale. Cette sortie radiale dans les pompes de l'art antérieur crée une singularité dans la forme du corps de la pompe qui ne peut alors plus être considéré comme une pièce de révolution. Un usinage particulier doit alors être prévu. Ce dernier n'est plus nécessaire avec une structure telle que proposée ci-dessus puisque la forme globale du corps de pompe est une forme de révolution.In addition, it is also not necessary to adapt the pump body to provide a radial outlet therein. This radial outlet in the pumps of the prior art creates a singularity in the shape of the body of the pump which can no longer be considered as a part of revolution. Special machining must then be planned. The latter is no longer necessary with a structure as proposed above since the overall shape of the pump body is a form of revolution.

D'un point de vue encombrement, par rapport à une pompe comparable de l'art antérieur, la longueur de la pompe n'est pas affectée mais du fait de l'absence de sortie de refoulement radiale, l'encombrement en diamètre est sensiblement réduit.From a space point of view, compared to a pump comparable to the prior art, the length of the pump is not affected, but due to the absence of a radial discharge outlet, the size in diameter is significantly reduced.

Globalement, d'après les prototypes réalisés, il a remarqué que la nouvelle structure proposée a permis d'avoir une pompe proprement dite en deux parties (le corps de pompe avec le cylindre recevant le piston et le corps de clapet de refoulement intégrant également l'alimentation) qui sont plus simples à réaliser, à réparer et/ou changer que les éléments d'une pompe similaire de l'art antérieur.Overall, according to the prototypes produced, he noticed that the new structure proposed made it possible to have a pump proper in two parts (the pump body with the cylinder receiving the piston and the discharge valve body also incorporating the 'supply) which are simpler to make, repair and / or change than the elements of a similar pump of the prior art.

Grâce au gain obtenu grâce à la présente invention en termes de compacité, la réalisation du corps de pompe permet aussi de limiter les copeaux produits lors de son usinage. Les opérations d'usinage sont aussi moins nombreuses et plus homogènes sur les pièces (pas de zone usinée différemment notamment pour prévoir une sortie radiale). De ce fait, les contraintes internes aux pièces au cours de l'usinage sont moins importantes ce qui permet aussi de limiter les trempes à l'azote à réaliser lors de la fabrication.Thanks to the gain obtained thanks to the present invention in terms of compactness, the production of the pump body also makes it possible to limit the chips produced during its machining. The machining operations are also less numerous and more homogeneous on the parts (no zone machined differently in particular to provide a radial outlet). As a result, the internal stresses on the parts during machining are lower, which also makes it possible to limit the quenching with nitrogen to be carried out during manufacture.

En outre, pour la réalisation de l'enceinte isolante, le nombre de soudures à réaliser a pu être divisé par deux. En outre, les soudures longitudinales de l'art antérieur, qui nécessitent des contrôles radiographiques ou similaires, ont été supprimées et remplacées par des soudures radiales plus simples à réaliser et à contrôler.In addition, for the production of the insulating enclosure, the number of welds to be produced could be halved. In addition, the longitudinal welds of the prior art, which require radiographic or similar checks, have been eliminated and replaced by radial welds which are simpler to produce and to control.

Il est mentionné ici que la présence de l'enceinte isolante est (très) avantageuse mais reste optionnelle. Le couvercle fermant la chambre d'alimentation pourrait par exemple être fixé sur l'anneau de bridage maintenant le corps de clapet de refoulement. Selon une autre variante de réalisation, il serait possible de n'avoir que la première enveloppe, sans la seconde. Cette variante permet d'augmenter le volume de la chambre d'alimentation et de refroidir la tête de la pompe.It is mentioned here that the presence of the insulating enclosure is (very) advantageous but remains optional. The cover closing the supply chamber could for example be fixed on the clamping ring holding the body of the discharge valve. According to another alternative embodiment, it would be possible to have only the first envelope, without the second. This variant makes it possible to increase the volume of the supply chamber and to cool the pump head.

Tous ces avantages contribuent en plus à augmenter la fiabilité de la pompe (car il y a moins de soudures) et devraient permettre d'augmenter la tenue des pièces dans le temps.All these advantages also contribute to increasing the reliability of the pump (because there are fewer welds) and should make it possible to increase the resistance of the parts over time.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à la forme de réalisation préférée décrite ci-dessus et illustrée sur le dessin annexé. Elle concerne également les variantes de réalisation évoquées et les variantes à la portée de l'homme du métier.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the form of preferred embodiment described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawing. It also relates to the embodiments mentioned and the variants within the reach of the skilled person.

Ainsi par exemple, on ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention en l'adaptant sur une pompe du type de celle divulguée par le document EP-2 600 001 avec une enceinte refroidissante et non pas seulement isolante comme décrite plus haut.Thus, for example, it would not go beyond the scope of the invention to adapt it to a pump of the type of that disclosed by the document. EP-2,600,001 with a cooling enclosure and not only an insulator as described above.

Dans la forme de réalisation décrite, les ouvertures axiales pour l'alimentation de la chambre de pompage sont intégrées au corps de clapet de refoulement. Un autre agencement avec séparation entre les moyens d'alimentation et les moyens de refoulement pourrait être envisagé. On pourrait avoir par exemple une pièce intégrant la douille autour du ressort de l'obturateur et les entrées de liquide dans la chambre de pompage distincte du corps de clapet de refoulement. De même, d'autres systèmes de clapet connus de l'homme du métier pourraient être utilisés tant pour l'alimentation de la pompe que pour le refoulement.In the embodiment described, the axial openings for the supply of the pumping chamber are integrated into the body of the discharge valve. Another arrangement with separation between the supply means and the discharge means could be envisaged. One could for example have a part integrating the bushing around the spring of the shutter and the liquid inlets in the pumping chamber separate from the discharge valve body. Likewise, other valve systems known to those skilled in the art could be used both for supplying the pump and for discharging.

L'invention ne se limite pas à ces variantes mais à toute autre variante à la portée de l'homme du métier dans le cadre des revendications ci-après.The invention is not limited to these variants but to any other variant within the reach of the skilled person within the scope of the claims below.

Claims (12)

  1. A cryogenic pump comprising:
    - a pump body (2) inside which is a piston (26) mounted so as to be movable translationally along an axis (24), referred to as longitudinal axis, and delimiting a pumping chamber (31),
    - means for discharging pressurized liquid out of the pumping chamber (31) comprising an outlet provided in a discharge valve body (18) mounted on the longitudinal axis (24), said outlet being closed by a discharge valve (40) mounted in said discharge valve body (18),
    - means for supplying liquid in the pumping chamber (31) comprising a supply valve (42) positioned around the outlet of the pumping chamber, and
    - a supply chamber (60) positioned around the discharge valve body (18) in communication with the pumping chamber (31) via at least one passage, the opening and closing of which are controlled by the supply valve (42),
    characterized in that
    the supply chamber (60) is closed on the side opposite to the piston (26) by a cover (12) comprising a first passage to allow a supply of cryogenic liquid from the supply chamber (60) and a second passage to allow discharge of pumped liquid.
  2. The cryogenic pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge valve body (18) is a single piece, machined and tubular, having a discharge valve seat (38).
  3. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the discharge valve is a conical valve (40) cooperating with the discharge valve seat (38).
  4. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supply means comprise, on the one hand, inlet ports (36) positioned at the periphery of a front face of the discharge valve body (18) and, on the other hand, a shutter (42) of annular shape adapted to the shape and arrangement of the inlet ports (36), said shutter (42) being movable between an open position allowing the passage of a fluid through the inlet ports (36) and a closed position in which all the inlet ports (36) are closed by said shutter (42), elastic means (44) pretensioning the shutter (42) in its closed position.
  5. The cryogenic pump according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the inlet ports (36) are integrated in the discharge valve body (18) by being positioned at the periphery of the hollow part of this valve body.
  6. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the discharge valve body (18) is mounted directly on the pump body (2) by clamping.
  7. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cover (12) has an overall shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis (24).
  8. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cover (12) has a domed shape, its concavity being oriented towards the inside of the pump.
  9. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cover (12) further has a degassing fitting (14).
  10. The cryogenic pump according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pump body (2) is surrounded by a casing (48) of overall cylindrical shape, closed at the end located on the side of the discharge valve by the cover (12) in such a way as to laterally delimit the supply chamber (60) intended to receive liquid to be pumped, said supply chamber (60) also partially extending around the pump body (2).
  11. The cryogenic pump according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a second casing (56) concentrically mounted around the first casing (48) in such a way as to form an insulating enclosure (8) around the pump body (2).
  12. The cryogenic pump according to claim 11, characterized in that the cover (12) closes the supply chamber (60) around the pump body (2) intended to receive liquid to be pumped and the insulating enclosure (8).
EP17797399.7A 2016-10-24 2017-10-20 Cryogenic pump Active EP3529493B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1660288A FR3057916B1 (en) 2016-10-24 2016-10-24 CRYOGENIC PUMP
PCT/FR2017/052900 WO2018078255A1 (en) 2016-10-24 2017-10-20 Cryogenic pump

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3529493A1 EP3529493A1 (en) 2019-08-28
EP3529493B1 true EP3529493B1 (en) 2020-06-17

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EP17797399.7A Active EP3529493B1 (en) 2016-10-24 2017-10-20 Cryogenic pump

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US (1) US20190293067A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3529493B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3057916B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018078255A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3610179B1 (en) * 2017-04-11 2024-01-03 Udo Tartler Device for sealing and evacuating a container containing a paste-like liquid
FR3109610B1 (en) 2020-04-23 2022-04-08 Air Liquide Compression apparatus and filling station comprising such apparatus
FR3115333B1 (en) * 2020-10-19 2022-12-09 F2M Piston for cryogenic fluid pump
CN114542427B (en) * 2022-04-26 2022-08-05 杭州新亚低温科技有限公司 Zero suction pressure head cryogenic liquid pump
FR3135760A1 (en) * 2022-05-23 2023-11-24 Fives Cryomec Ag Cryogenic pump
WO2024047055A1 (en) 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 SVANEHØJ Danmark A/S A piston pump
WO2024047050A1 (en) 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 SVANEHØJ Danmark A/S A piston pump

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376377A (en) * 1981-04-03 1983-03-15 Cryomec, Inc. Unloading system for cryogenic pumps
DE102011080287A1 (en) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Piston pump for vehicle braking system, has supply piston for supplying fluid and piston return spring, which is designed as volute spring, where supply piston is guided in cylinder and is sealed by annular sliding seal against cylinder
ES2527505T3 (en) 2011-11-29 2015-01-26 Cryostar Sas Cryogenic pumps

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3529493A1 (en) 2019-08-28
US20190293067A1 (en) 2019-09-26
FR3057916B1 (en) 2021-11-05
FR3057916A1 (en) 2018-04-27
WO2018078255A1 (en) 2018-05-03

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