EP2714351B1 - Method and plant for producing material boards - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing material plates, such as chip, chip, fiber or similar wood-based panels and plastic plates and a plant for the production of material plates. The production of at least partially wood-containing chipboard or particle boards, for example OSB or MDF boards, is state of the art. In summary, various fractions are screened, pretreated, glued, spread by means of spreading machines on a forming belt uniformly in existing base material in the production of sandwich panels (OSB) and pressed into presses (continuous or clock-bound). To this end, different is the fiberboard (for example, MDF), in which the base material is usually disrupted in a refiner with steam and broken down into relatively small fiber material. For decades, one of the fundamental challenges of this technology has been the optimal production and transport of so-called pressed material mats on a forming belt.

With DE 198 58 096 A1 a device and a method for scattering particles has become known to a nonwoven, is described in the very extensive and detailed, such as Pressgutmatten (nonwovens) scattered, then pretreated and transported and pressed in a continuous or cyclic press. In particular, this revelation also deals with the details of how a pressed material mat optimally trimmed (continuously cut on the longitudinal sides) and how different widths of a pressed material mat can be set and used in a system for producing different batch sizes. In particular, it is important that in addition to a trimming the pressed material mat on their long sides (narrow sides) can be performed by means of edge plates along the transport direction. It is further disclosed that mats of different widths can be produced on a plant when the trimming devices are displaceable and adjustable transversely to the transport direction. In principle, the trimming and also the device and the method mentioned above by way of example for the prior art have proved themselves.

In the course of progress in the last decade and newly developed, more suitable gluing systems (adhesive fleets), among other things, more and more steam presses have been used. Also in the course of various compression and compression strategies for the rapid and effective compression and venting of a pressed material mat have been introduced. On the part of the plant operators, it is also increasingly desired that Plate edges have excessive edge densities in order later to cause a certain edge stability against impact or machining operations in the panels produced. If an edge (density) elevation is now set and scattered only in the scattering device (which, if appropriate, may also consist of several scattering devices), then the edge elevation is usually at least partially separated off again by a trimming device. Accordingly, the edge heights must be adjusted to show an effect in the further manufacturing process. A disadvantage is the associated large amount of material that must be returned to the manufacturing cycle. Nevertheless, however, the freshly trimmed narrow sides of a pressed material mat are quite susceptible to vibration and transfers to further transport or forming belts, so that the narrow sides usually have dissolution phenomena in a pressed material mat when reaching or passing through a pre-press and / or the main press. The dissolution phenomena are intensified in the course of compaction and / or vapor deposition even if the optional pre-press or a main press has a relatively steep compression gradient, so that the excess air / steam between the compacted surface sides (surface bottom / top) also or only over Dodge narrow sides and there during the venting usually quite material blows from the narrow side of the Pressgutmatte. In particular, there is For process variants serious disadvantages if a narrow side is not robust enough.

The task for a procedure to be created and a system to be created, or device, is to treat a pressed material mat in the course of transport between a scattering station and a press such that the pressed material mats has at least one narrow side less dissolution phenomena in the course of production and that better results can be achieved with different process strategies in the course of pressing such pressed material mats.

The solution for the method is that the pressed material mat is compressed in the course of transport to the press by means of a compacting device on its narrow sides by moving the narrow sides transverse to the production direction in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material and wherein the narrow sides in the production direction before the compacting device with a Trimming device are trimmed.

The solution to the problem for a system is that between the press and the scattering device at least one compacting device for compressing the pressed material mat by moving the narrow sides in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material mat and that in Production direction in front of the compacting device a trimming device is arranged.

The present invention preferably relates to the production of OSB material panels, of course, can also be applied in other manufacturing processes, such as MDF, chip or in the production of fiber insulation mats and panels. Fiber insulation mats have been improved and redeveloped over the past decade to become independent of plastic-containing base material, thus reinforcing wood fibers with PMDi-containing adhesives or bicomponent fibers (gluing fibers with two different types of plastic, usually external, a fusible and re-hardenable plastic as a binder and internally a higher melting plastic as a fiber-like but rigid link within the plate). The device or system is essentially suitable for carrying out the method, but can also be operated independently. It is also to be assumed that Device-related features of the system from the description in the device and vice versa are used.

It has now been shown in an advantageous manner that the compression of the narrow sides transversely to the transport direction (accompanied by a more or less strong reduction of the original width B1 or width B2 of Pressgutmatte to a width B3) described the resolution phenomena on the narrow sides in the course of transport which reduces venting or active / passive fluidization. By active fluidization is meant, for example, the introduction of steam, steam-air mixtures and / or pure hot air application for heating the pressed material mat and / or for activation of the binder. Among other things, passive fluidization means the use of a burst of steam which arises when a moisture-containing press mat comes into contact with heat-transferring means (heated or heated steel and / or fabric tapes) or heat within the press mat (microwave, radio frequency) and thus within the pressed material mat, a steam front is formed, which preferably exits via the narrow sides. Particularly in these process applications, stable narrow sides are desired, which help to set a certain vapor or fluid mean pressure within the pressed material mat, in particular during compaction / compression / hardening. Accordingly, a higher dense narrow side compared to the middle Areas of Pressgutmatte (across the production direction across the width) of advantage because here a kind of natural barrier is built.

• In einer einfachen Ausgestaltung ist an zumindest einer Schmalseite der Pressgutmatte oder über einem Randbereich der Flächenseite ein, um eine im Wesentlichen vertikale Achse rotierbares, Rad angeordnet.

Dabei versteht die Erfindung die Flächen- und Achsausrichtung der wesentlichen Teile wie folgt: Die Pressgutmatte wird mittels einer Streuvorrichtung im Wesentlichen waagrecht und vorzugsweise auf einem bewegten und endlos umlaufendem Formband gestreut, wobei die Pressgutmatte zwei Flächenseiten (davon eine in Kontakt mit dem Formband) und zwei Schmalseiten aufweist, wobei die Schmalseiten parallel zur Produktionsrichtung verlaufen. Dabei ist das Rad, respektive dessen Achse, vorzugsweise so zur Pressgutmatte angestellt, dass während des Vorbeifahrens der Pressgutmatte die Oberfläche der Schmalseite in Richtung der Längsmitte der Pressgutmatte gedrückt und/oder verschoben wird, die Pressgutmatte damit in Ihrer Breite verringert und die Dichte respektive die Verdichtung im Randbereich (an den Schmalseiten) der Pressgutmatte erhöht wird. Durch die einhergehenden physikalischen Effekten, insbesondere einer höheren Adhäsionswirkung zwischen den einzelnen Partikel, Späne, Fasern oder dergleichen in den Randbereichen, weist im weiteren Verlauf die Pressgutmatte, insbesondere beim Transport oder beim Übertritt von einem Förderband zum nächsten, keine oder nur noch sehr geringe Auflösungserscheinungen auf. In vorteilhafter Weise wird damit auch die Verschmutzung der Anlage selbst vermindert. In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung kann dabei die Umfangsfläche das Rades derart geformt oder die Achse des Rades zu einer vertikalen Achse einen Winkel aufweisen, so dass die obere, freie Flächenseite der Pressgutmatte stärker verdichtet wird als die auf dem Formband aufliegende Flächenseite der Pressgutmatte. Insbesondere vorzugsweise ist aber vorgesehen, dass das Rad in beiden Hauptachsrichtungen im Winkel einstellbar ist, und somit zumindest zwei differenzierte Winkel und Geometrien an den Schmalseiten der Pressgutmatte einstellbar sind. Das Rad läuft vorzugsweise durch die entstehende Reibung an der Pressgutmatte frei um, kann aber je nach verwendetem Material in der Pressgutmatte auch sinnvollerweise, insbesondere geregelt, angetrieben werden. Es ist wahlweise möglich den Umfang des Rades synchron zur Produktionsgeschwindigkeit einzustellen oder sogar, je nach gewünschtem Effekt, schneller oder langsamer zu drehen, so dass die Umfangsfläche des Rades schneller oder langsamer als die vorbeifahrende Pressgutmatte rotiert. Die Oberfläche des Rades kann ebenfalls in Variationen aufgeraut, mit Stufen, Druckmustern oder ähnlichem versehen sein. Denkbar ist auch eine gummierte oder reibungsfördernde Oberfläche, die vorzugsweise Verschiebungen des Streugutes entgegen der Produktionsrichtung vermeidet und das Streugut der Pressgutmatte einheitlich, vorzugsweise quer zur Produktionsrichtung, in Richtung der Längsmittenachse der Pressgutmatte verschiebt. Ein bewährter Durchmesser bei der OSB-Produktion (das Streugut, respektive die Pressgutmatte besteht aus orientiert gestreuten Schnitzeln) ist ein Durchmesser des Rades von 0,5 m bis 2 m. Diese Größe ist auch bei anderen Streugütern denkbar.Advantageously, the device / system or the method can be configured as in the following embodiments:

• In a simple embodiment, a wheel is arranged on at least one narrow side of the pressed material mat or over an edge region of the surface side, around a substantially vertical axis.

The invention understands the surface and axis alignment of the essential parts as follows: The pressed material mat is scattered by a spreading device substantially horizontally and preferably on a moving and endlessly circulating forming belt, wherein the pressed material mat two surface sides (of which one in contact with the forming belt) and has two narrow sides, wherein the narrow sides are parallel to the production direction. In this case, the wheel, or its axis, preferably employed for Pressgutmatte that pressed while moving past the Pressgutmatte the surface of the narrow side in the direction of the longitudinal center of the pressed material and / or shifted, the pressed material thus reduced in width and the density respectively Compaction in the edge area (on the narrow sides) of the pressed material mat is increased. Due to the associated physical effects, in particular a higher adhesion effect between the individual particles, chips, fibers or the like in the edge regions, has in the further course Pressgutmatte, especially during transport or when passing from one conveyor belt to the next, no or only very low resolution phenomena. Advantageously, so that the pollution of the system itself is reduced. In a further embodiment, the peripheral surface of the wheel can be shaped in this way or the axis of the wheel can have an angle to a vertical axis, so that the upper, free surface side of the pressed material mat is more compacted than the surface side of the pressed material mat lying on the forming belt. In particular, however, it is preferably provided that the wheel can be set at an angle in both main axis directions, and thus at least two differentiated angles and geometries can be set on the narrow sides of the pressed material mat. The wheel preferably runs freely through the resulting friction on the pressed material mat, but depending on the material used in the pressed material mat can also usefully be driven, in particular regulated. It is alternatively possible to adjust the circumference of the wheel in synchronism with the production speed or even, depending on the desired effect, to rotate faster or slower, so that the peripheral surface of the wheel rotates faster or slower than the passing Pressgutmatte. The surface of the wheel may also be roughened in variations, provided with steps, printing patterns or the like. It is also conceivable a rubberized or friction-promoting surface, which preferably avoids displacements of the material to be spread against the production direction and the spreading material of the pressed product mat uniformly, preferably transversely to the production direction, in Moves direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material mat. A proven diameter of the OSB production (the spreading material, respectively the pressed material mat consists of oriented scattered chips) is a diameter of the wheel from 0.5 m to 2 m. This size is also conceivable with other scattered goods.

In principle, however, it is also conceivable, in the case of controlled driven wheels or compaction means for edge compaction of the pressed material mat, to use compaction and / or displacement effects in or against the production direction within the edge regions of the pressed material mat in order to specifically control or regulate the course of the compaction in the edge region. For example, in a faster-running wheel, the grit in the edge area can be pressed more against the spreading material in the direction of production to obtain a further dynamically changing degree of compaction in the process (in the direction of production after the compacting device), a dynamic Verdichtungsgradienten in the course of compression (in the Compression device) in a region between transverse to and in the production direction.

Depending on the production process or material used, it may still be useful to trim the narrow side before or after the compacting device. In this context, it would be advantageous if the Besäumvorrichtung together with the compression device to a Adjustment device, but still different from each other adjustable, would be arranged. Alternatively, the separate devices should be adjustable in their distance from the narrow sides of the pressed material mat to ensure optimum width adjustment of the pressed material mat and / or compression of the narrow sides. In this context, usually spoken by a device, but preferably both narrow sides are uniformly equipped, so that a pressed material mat on both narrow sides, preferably at the same time, reduced by the compacting device in its width and the narrow sides are compacted.
For more sensitive and / or higher-grade spreading material, it may be conceivable to carry out the compacting device as baffles provided with an angle or with a curved profile. Also endlessly circulating compression bands are conceivable.

In OSB production, it has proven useful to compact the edge regions of the pressed material mat in a length transverse to the production direction which corresponds to approximately 75% of the length of a chip, preferably up to 50% of the length of a chip.

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawing.

Figur 1

einen Teil einer Anlage zur Herstellung einer Werkstoffplatte (ohne Vor- und Endfertigung) in schematischer Seitenansicht beginnend mit einer Streuvorrichtung über einem endlosen Formband und einer nachfolgenden kontinuierlich arbeitender Presse,

Figur 2

eine Draufsicht der Anlage nach Figur 1 und der beispielhaften Vorverdichtung Besäumung und Randverdichtung der Pressgutmatte vor dem Einlauf in die Presse,

Figur 3

eine vergrößerte Draufsicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit einer Besäumvorrichtung (Fräse) und eine Randverdichtung mittels einer Verdichungsvorrichtung (Rad) vor dem Einlauf der Pressgutmatte in eine Presse,

Figur 4

in einer Schnittansicht quer zur Produktionsrichtung einen ersten Einstellwinkel (α) der Verdichtungsvorrichtung zu einer vertikalen Achse,

Figur 5

in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Produktionsrichtung einen zweiten Einstellwinkel (β) der Verdichtungsvorrichtung zu einer vertikalen Achse,

Figur 6

in einer schematischen Draufsicht die Wirkung einer in Produktionsrichtung angeordneten Besäumvorrichtung und einer Verdichtungsvorrichtung und

Figur 7

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer möglichen Verdichtungsvorrichtung mit einem endlosen Band zugehörigen Leitblechen.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a part of a plant for producing a material plate (without pre- and final production) in a schematic side view starting with a spreading device over an endless forming belt and a subsequent continuously operating press,

FIG. 2

a plan view of the plant after FIG. 1 and the exemplary pre-compaction trimming and edge compaction of the pressed material mat before entering the press,

FIG. 3

an enlarged plan view of an embodiment with a trimming device (milling cutter) and an edge compaction by means of a compacting device (wheel) before the inlet of the pressed material mat in a press,

FIG. 4

in a sectional view transversely to the production direction, a first setting angle (α) of the compacting device to a vertical axis,

FIG. 5

in a sectional view along the production direction, a second setting angle (β) of the compacting device to a vertical axis,

FIG. 6

in a schematic plan view of the effect of a arranged in the direction of production Besäumvorrichtung and a compacting device and

FIG. 7

a further embodiment of a possible compression device with an endless belt associated baffles.

In the Figures 1 and 2 a system is shown in schematic view beginning with a spreader 11 over an endless forming belt 23 and a subsequent continuously operating press 16. In the usual production process, the scattering device 11 scatters the incoming spreading material 10 onto the endless forming belt 23 as a pressed material mat 2. Depending on the embodiment or variant, the spreader 11 may also include a grit hopper (not shown separately), wherein the supply of grit 10 and its treatment (prefabrication) will not be further described.

Depending on the application, the created pressed material mat 2 in a pre-press 12 a pre-compression and possibly other pretreatments (for example, evaporation, humidification) experienced before entering the press 16. Shortly before the press 16 is usually a discharge chute 13, can be dropped into the inferior or hazardous Pressgutmatten 2 by means of a reversible Überlassase 14. As a rule, an intermediate conveyor 15, which is optimally designed for transferring the pressed material mat 2 to the continuously operating press 16, is then located in the direction of production 22. The continuously working press 16 finally squeezes, mostly under the influence of temperature, the pressed material mat 2 to a plate strand 21, which emerges hardened at the end of the press 16. The press 16 is preferably designed as a double belt press, wherein the steel bands 17 are guided around idler pulleys 20 and opposite in a press frame 19 and supported by heating plates 18 form a press nip. The exact embodiments of continuously operating presses are also referred to the prior art. It is also conceivable that a clock press is used here. In this case, the Pressgutmatte 2 is divided in advance accordingly.

In the course of the invention, the pressed material mat 2 is compacted by the compacting device 6 on the narrow sides and thus receives a smaller width transverse to the production direction 22. Although the pressed material mat 2 is trimmed is not compressed, but the width of the pressed material mat is also lower, as exemplified a pre-mounted in the production direction 22 Besäumvorrichtung 4 and as in the plan view of FIG. 2 is pictured. The reduction of the pressed material mat are not to scale but exaggerated to illustrate the teachings of the invention.

In the FIG. 3 is essentially the process for the production of material plates, such as chip, chip, fiber or similar wood-based panels and plastic plates, with a press 16 from grit 10, wherein a pressed material mat 2 is scattered from the spreading material 10 by means of a spreader 11 on an endlessly circulating forming belt 23 is most likely to describe. In the course of transport to the press 16, the pressed material mat 2 is compressed transversely to the production direction 22 by means of a compacting device 6 on its narrow sides 1. According to the invention, it is provided that the narrow sides 1 are trimmed in the production direction 22 before the compacting device 6 with a trimming device 4. As shown, can not be shown as a compacting device 6, a rotating wheel 3, but also a baffles or an endlessly circulating compression belt 26, see. FIG. 7 , is used. According to the invention, the compression is carried out on the narrow sides 1 of the pressed material mat 2 by moving the narrow sides 1 in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material mat 2. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the compression is additionally performed by compacting a region of the surface side of the pressed material mat 2 adjoining the narrow sides 1. The latter is in the FIG. 3 shown only indirectly, because a compression area 7 arises after the FIG. 3 in that the narrow sides are pressed in the direction of the longitudinal center axis and thus an edge region, here compression region 7, arises, which has a higher density. Alternatively or additionally, in this edge region with similar means from above, that is to say over the surface side, but adjacent to the narrow side, the edge region of the pressed material mat 2 can be compacted with similar means as described. In particular, it would be preferred that the compression of a region adjacent to the narrow sides 1 Surface side of the pressed material mat 2 after compression on the narrow sides 1 of the pressed material mat 2 by moving the narrow sides 1 in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material mat 2 is performed. This results in a multiaxial compression. In particular, however, can be avoided by the compression of the edge region forms an edge elevation, which may have harmful effects on the tape shape and / or other machine elements of the subsequent pre-press and / or the press. Preferably, the edge region of increased density and height is again set to normal height of the virgin pressed material mat, or even below it.

In FIG. 3 is thus a total of a plant for the production of material plates, such as chip, chips, fiber or similar wood-based panels and plastic plates to see with a press 16 and at least one spreader 11 for creating a scattered Pressgutmatte 2 from spreading material 10 in which between the press 16 and the scattering device 11 at least one compression device 6 for compressing the pressed material mat 2 by moving the narrow sides 1 in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material 2 and / or by compressing an adjacent to the narrow sides 1 area of the surface side of the pressed material 2 is arranged.

After the FIGS. 4 and 5 the compression device 6 is preferably adjustable in one of two angles α and β with respect to a vertical axis 9 is arranged, wherein the angle α is oriented substantially transversely to the production direction 22 and the angle β substantially longitudinally to the production direction 22. In this case, the axis 9 is arranged vertically and the axis 8 is shown at the corresponding angle to the axis 9.

As in the FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrated, the compression device 6 and / or the Besäumvorrichtung 4 simultaneously and / or separated from each other by means of adjusting devices 24/25 be arranged adjustable. In addition, it is conceivable that the surfaces of the compacting device 6 which come into contact with the narrow sides 1 are essentially provided with a high coefficient of friction, preferably gummed or corrugated. Overall, it is thus possible with a system at least one device with at least one means for compressing the pressed material 2 by moving the narrow sides 1 in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the pressed material 2 and / or by compressing an adjacent to the narrow sides 1 area of the surface side of the pressed material 2 in To arrange direction of the forming belt. Such a device for compacting an area of the surface side adjacent to the narrow sides 1 is not shown again for the sake of simplicity, it corresponds largely to the described device, but is not arranged along a vertical axis but a horizontal axis, wherein the horizontal axis is transverse to the production direction and substantially parallel to the surface side of the pressed material mat 2 would be arranged. The appropriate adjustment options Of course, the angles α and β would still be given and usable for optimal compaction.
As in the FIGS. 6 and 7 represented by double arrows, have in a preferred embodiment for any conceivable deformation geometries, the system and the device adjusting devices 24 and 25, which allow adjustment of the edge region to be compacted or edging on the narrow sides of the 1 Pressgutmatte 2. In the case of an endless compression belt 26, it is conceivable to guide it at the contact points with the narrow sides / surface sides via at least one pressure roller or guide plate 27. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1. narrow side 19th press frame Second press material mat 20th Umlenktrommel Third wheel 21st drive train 4th trimming device 22nd production direction 5th saw 23rd forming belt 6th compacting device 24th locking device 7th compression region 25th locking device 8th. Axis (angular) 26th compression band 9th Axis (vertical) 27th baffle 10th grit 11th spreader 12th pre-press α Angle across to 22 13th chute β Angle along 22nd 14th Transferase (reversible) 15th intermediate conveyor B1 Wide press mat after 11 16th Press B2 Wide press mat after 4 17th steel strips B3 Wide press mat according to 6 18th Hot Plates B23 Wide form band 23

Claims (10)

1. A method for producing material panels, such as chipboard, particle board, fibreboard or similar wood-based panels and plastic panels, using a press (16), from scattered material (10), wherein a compressed material mat (2) made of the scattered material (10) is scattered by means of a scattering device (11) on an endlessly revolving shaping belt (23) and the compressed material mat (2), during the course of the transport to the press (16), is compacted on its narrow sides (1) in the direction of the longitudinal central axis of the compressed material mat (2) by means of a compaction device (6) by a displacement of the narrow sides (1) transversely to the production direction (22), and wherein the narrow sides (1) are trimmed using a trimming device (4) before the compaction device (6) in the production direction (22) .
2. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that a revolving wheel (3), baffle plate, or an endlessly revolving compaction belt (26) is used as compaction device (6).
3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the compaction device (6) is adjustable preferably in one of two angles α and β relative to a vertical axis (9), the angle α being oriented substantially transversely to the production direction (22) and the angle β being oriented substantially lengthwise along the production direction (22).
4. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the compaction is performed additionally by compaction of a region of the flat side of the compressed material mat (2) adjacent to the narrow sides (1).
5. The method according to claim 4, characterised in that the compaction of a region of the flat side of the compressed material mat (2) adjacent to the narrow sides (1) is performed after the compaction at the narrow sides (1) of the compressed material mat (2) by displacement of the narrow sides (1) in the direction of the longitudinal central axis of the compressed material mat (2).
6. A plant for producing material panels, such as chipboard, particle board, fibreboard or similar wood-based panels and plastic panels, using a press (16) and at least one scattering device (11) for creating a scattered compressed material mat (2) from scattered material (10), wherein at least one compaction device (6) for compacting the compressed material mat (2) by displacement of the narrow sides (1) in the direction of the longitudinal central axis of the compressed material mat (2) is arranged between the press (16) and the scattering device (11), and wherein a trimming device (4) is arranged before the compaction device (6) in the production direction (22) .
7. The plant according to claim 6, characterised in that a revolving wheel (3), baffle plate, or an endlessly revolving compaction belt (26) is used as compaction device (6).
8. The plant according to at least one of preceding claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the compaction device (6) is adjustable preferably in one of two angles α and β relative to a vertical axis (9), the angle α being oriented substantially transversely to the production direction (22) and the angle β being oriented substantially lengthwise along the production direction (22).
9. The plant according to at least one of preceding claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the compaction device (6) and/or the trimming device (4) are arranged so that they are adjustable simultaneously and/or separately from one another by means of adjustment devices (24/25).
10. The plant according to at least one of preceding claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the surfaces of the compaction device (6) coming into contact with the narrow sides (1) are in essence equipped with a high coefficient of friction, preferably are rubberised or ridged.

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