EP2657466A2 - Fossil fired power plant with heat accumulator - Google Patents
Fossil fired power plant with heat accumulator Download PDFInfo
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- EP2657466A2 EP2657466A2 EP13164893.3A EP13164893A EP2657466A2 EP 2657466 A2 EP2657466 A2 EP 2657466A2 EP 13164893 A EP13164893 A EP 13164893A EP 2657466 A2 EP2657466 A2 EP 2657466A2
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- steam
- power plant
- water
- storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
- F01K3/186—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using electric heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
- F01K3/24—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by separately-fired heaters
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a power plant comprising a steam generator with connected water / steam circuit and integrated turbine or turbo set, wherein the water / steam cycle on the steam side with a heat storage and / or thermally coupled to the heat storage heat exchanger connected and / / or thermally coupled. Furthermore, the invention is directed to a method for storing generated in a power plant with a steam generator with connected water / steam cycle and integrated turbine or turbine set heat, wherein the water / steam circuit steam side with a heat storage and / or a thermal connected to the heat storage heat exchanger conductively connected and / or thermally coupled.
- the electric power feeding power generation and the electric power taken from the power grid must be balanced. Due to the expansion of renewable energies, there are at times strong overcapacities, but in some cases also undercapacities in the grid. The fluctuating supply of renewable energy and thus the fluctuating feed-in of renewable energies into the electricity grid must be compensated for using conventional power plants. This makes it necessary to equip conventional power plants with a quickly controllable power plant capacity, so that they can shut down quickly in case of overcapacity and quickly booted up under sub-capacity, depending on the requirements of the grid. Alternatively, there is the possibility, in case of overcapacity, to switch off the renewable energy capacities, for example wind turbines, or to switch off the electricity generated in energy storage systems, such as Pumped storage power plants, compressed air storage plants or batteries to store.
- energy storage systems such as Pumped storage power plants, compressed air storage plants or batteries to store.
- the invention has for its object to provide a solution that makes it possible to adapt a power plant to the fluctuating feed demand of the connected power grid and to flexibilize with respect to its Stromeinspeisebaum.
- this object is achieved in that the water / steam circuit is connected in such a manner with the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger that Thermal energy of the steam from the water / steam cycle thermally in the heat storage and / or in the heat exchanger can be coupled out.
- this object is achieved in that in the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger heat energy from the steam of the water / steam cycle coupled and coupled into the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger.
- the invention thus provides that from the water / steam cycle heat energy of the steam is indirectly coupled via a heat exchanger in a heat storage or directly directly into a heat storage, both decoupling paths can also be operated in parallel if necessary.
- This makes it possible to flexibilize power plants insofar as generated steam does not necessarily have to be routed to generate electricity through the turbine set or turbo set, but is passed through at least one heat exchanger or at least one heat storage where the steam gives off (its) energy.
- the amount of steam used for power generation can thereby be reduced and thus the amount of electricity or electrical energy fed into the network by the power plant can be regulated, so that part of the steam quantity is "stored".
- the stored energy when the power plant is restarted, the stored energy may be used to achieve a higher rate of power change in percent / minute than the usual 3-5% / minute by the energy stored in the form of thermal energy when starting in the form of steam, for example, to the low-pressure preheaters of the water / steam cycle of the power plant is provided.
- peak / midload current in addition to the (main) water may be provided by means of a salt / water steam heat exchanger, preferably a once-through steam generator, and any additional turbine circuit / Steam cycle of the power plant are provided and fed into the grid.
- the invention In order to be able to transfer current overcapacities present in the network from the grid to a storage, the invention also provides that the heat storage is electrically heated, or that the heat storage in the power grid existing overcapacity of electricity and / or operation of the power plant in his Minimum or minimum load range generated, not to be fed into the grid excess power supplied via a with the respective current and / or excess current electrically heated and preferably arranged in the heat storage heater thermal energy and stored in the heat storage. This makes it possible to store energy when, due to the fluctuating feed-in of renewable energies such as wind or photovoltaic in the grid is too high a feed.
- the invention provides that, on the one hand, the power plant can be restarted relatively quickly, but alternatively, on the other hand, also parallel to the (main) water / steam cycle the power plant, a second water / steam cycle can be operated with associated turbine set or turbo set, which then immediately without the power plant must be powered up, generates electricity and fed into the grid.
- the invention therefore provides in an embodiment that the heat storage of the power plant in stored heat coupled out manner with the or a second steam generator is connected.
- the invention provides that the heat storage of the power plant in stored heat auskoppelbarer manner is connected to at least one other heat exchanger, which forms a preheater, superheater or reheater in the or a second water / steam cycle.
- the method is characterized in that heat stored in the heat accumulator is decoupled into the or a second steam generator, wherein steam generated in the steam generator is supplied to a turbine as live steam or reheater steam, and / or heat stored in the heat accumulator at least one further heat exchanger is decoupled, which forms a preheating, superheater or reheater in the or a second water / steam cycle.
- This steam is then fed in each case to a turbine or turbo set with a connected generator.
- the power plant according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used for the Operation of the power plant in its minimum or minimum load range resulting heat energy in the form of steam out of the water / steam cycle and store.
- the invention therefore further provides, in an embodiment of the method, that the heat energy from heat generated during operation of the power plant in its minimum or minimum load range and not used for power generation excess steam from the water / steam cycle thermally coupled into the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger becomes.
- the heat storage can be designed as a steam storage or Ruths storage, salt storage, concrete storage or hot water storage.
- a particularly suitable heat storage medium is molten salt, in particular a mixture of KNO 3 and NaNO 3 .
- the heat storage for example, from two reciprocally operated containers (hot / cold) with the storage medium, z.
- molten salts or a stratified storage tank with molten salt
- steam power plant steam power plant with connected water / steam cycle
- the efficiency is correspondingly lower.
- the system works but analog. For example, short-term replacement of the tap at thermal power plants allows increased power delivery to the grid within the existing turbine or generator design.
- the measure according to the invention to integrate power plants with a heat storage and possibly an associated heat exchanger in the steam generation of the power plant or possibly equip with its own associated steam generation including a turbine or turbo set with attached generator, can in the replanning of power plants, especially in a new construction of Fossil-fired power plants, as an additional facility or additional equipment planned and provided. But it is also possible to retrofit this additional system in an existing power plant as part of a conversion or upgrade.
- the single figure shows schematically the water / steam circuit 1 of a fossil-fired power plant.
- the water / steam cycle is usually equipped and includes in a manner not shown preheating, superheater, reheater, a turbine or turbo set with attached generator and water treatment.
- a heat exchanger 2 is thermally coupled, which makes it possible that thermal energy from coupled in the water / steam cycle 1 steam in the heat exchanger 2 circulating heat transfer medium 8 is coupled.
- the heat exchanger 2 is also thermally coupled to a heat storage 3. In the heat accumulator 3, the heat energy absorbed by the heat transfer medium 8 of the heat exchanger 2 is coupled to the heat accumulator 3. If desired, the energy transmission path can also be reversed.
- heat energy is coupled to the heat transfer medium 8 of the heat exchanger 2 and decoupled from this in the heat exchanger 2 to the water / steam cycle 1 of the power plant.
- a heating device 4 is further arranged, which is in current-conducting connection with a power grid 5. During operation of the heating device 4, for example by means of excess current present in the power grid, heat energy is generated electrically by means of the heating device, which is stored in the heat accumulator 3.
- the heat storage 3 is thermally coupled to a second heat exchanger 6, which in turn is thermally coupled to a second steam generator 7 or a second water / steam cycle.
- a second steam generator 7 or a second water / steam cycle is assigned a turbine set or turbo set with a connected generator, so that electricity can also be generated here.
- this second heat exchanger 6 is then put into operation when undercapacities in the power grid 5 are to be compensated.
- the heat exchangers 2 and 6 may be preheaters, superheaters or reheaters of the respective water / steam cycle 1, 7 act.
- the second heat exchanger 6 can be designed as a once-through steam generator (continuous steam generator).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf ein Kraftwerk umfassend einen Dampferzeuger mit angeschlossenem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf und darin integriertem Turbinen- oder Turbosatz, wobei der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf dampfseitig mit einem Wärmespeicher und/oder einem thermisch an den Wärmespeicher gekoppelten Wärmetauscher leitungsmäßig verbunden und/oder thermisch gekoppelt ist. Weiterhin richtet sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zur Speicherung von in einem Kraftwerk mit einem Dampferzeuger mit angeschlossenem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf und darin integriertem Turbinen- oder Turbosatz erzeugter Wärme, wobei der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf dampfseitig mit einem Wärmespeicher und/oder einem thermisch an den Wärmespeicher gekoppelten Wärmetauscher leitungsmäßig verbunden und/oder thermisch gekoppelt ist.The invention is directed to a power plant comprising a steam generator with connected water / steam circuit and integrated turbine or turbo set, wherein the water / steam cycle on the steam side with a heat storage and / or thermally coupled to the heat storage heat exchanger connected and / / or thermally coupled. Furthermore, the invention is directed to a method for storing generated in a power plant with a steam generator with connected water / steam cycle and integrated turbine or turbine set heat, wherein the water / steam circuit steam side with a heat storage and / or a thermal connected to the heat storage heat exchanger conductively connected and / or thermally coupled.
Im elektrischen Stromnetz müssen die elektrischen Strom einspeisende Leistungserzeugung und der elektrischen Strom aus dem Stromnetz entnehmende Verbrauch im Gleichgewicht stehen. Aufgrund des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien stehen zeitweise starke Überkapazitäten, andererseits teilweise aber auch Unterkapazitäten am Netz an. Das flukturierende Angebot an erneuerbarer Energie und damit die flukturierende Einspeisung erneuerbarer Energien in das Stromnetz muss mithilfe konventioneller Kraftwerke ausgeglichen werden. Dies macht es notwendig, konventionelle Kraftwerke mit einer schnell regelbaren Kraftwerkskapazität auszustatten, so dass sie je nach Anforderung des Netzes bei Überkapazität schnell heruntergefahren und bei Unterkapazität schnell hochgefahren werden können. Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, bei Überkapazität die erneuerbaren Energiekapazitäten, beispielsweise Windturbinen, abzuschalten oder aber den erzeugten Strom in Energiespeichersystemen wie Pumpspeicherkraftwerken, Druckluftspeicherkraftwerken oder Batterien zu speichern.In the electric power grid, the electric power feeding power generation and the electric power taken from the power grid must be balanced. Due to the expansion of renewable energies, there are at times strong overcapacities, but in some cases also undercapacities in the grid. The fluctuating supply of renewable energy and thus the fluctuating feed-in of renewable energies into the electricity grid must be compensated for using conventional power plants. This makes it necessary to equip conventional power plants with a quickly controllable power plant capacity, so that they can shut down quickly in case of overcapacity and quickly booted up under sub-capacity, depending on the requirements of the grid. Alternatively, there is the possibility, in case of overcapacity, to switch off the renewable energy capacities, for example wind turbines, or to switch off the electricity generated in energy storage systems, such as Pumped storage power plants, compressed air storage plants or batteries to store.
Der Betrieb fossilbefeuerter oder mit Ersatzbrennstoff wie Biomasse befeuerter Kraftwerke macht es in diesem Szenario notwendig, die Kraftwerkskapazitäten zur Stabilisierung und Regelung der Netze in ihrer Kapazität schnell anpassbar auszugestalten. Dazu sind zum einen schnell startbare bzw. in der Last steigerbare Kraftwerke notwendig, wenn beispielsweise Windkraftanlagen in windstillen Zeiten ihre Einspeisekapazität schnell zurückfahren, oder wenn beispielsweise in Spitzennachfragezeiten zur Abdeckung des Mehrbedarfes Zusatzkapazität benötigt wird.The operation of fossil-fueled or refuse derived fuel-fired power plants, such as biomass, makes it necessary in this scenario to quickly design power plant capacity to stabilize and regulate grids in their capacity. These are on the one hand fast startable or loadable in the power stations necessary, for example, wind turbines in windless times their feed capacity quickly back, or if, for example, in peak demand times to cover the additional needs additional capacity is needed.
Fossilbefeuerte Kraftwerke, insbesondere Kohlekraftwerke sind nun allerdings mit dem Nachteil versehen, dass sie nicht beliebig an- und abschaltbar und in Bezug auf ihre abgegebene Leistung herauf und herunter fahrbar sind. Die Leistung von Dampfkraftwerken, insbesondere der kohlebefeuerten Dampferzeuger, kann nicht beliebig stark und schnell geändert werden. Zudem müssen zur Vermeidung eines überhöhten Anlagenverschleißes Mindestbetriebs- und Mindeststillstandszeiten eingehalten werden. Sollen Kraftwerke als sogenannte "heiße Reserve" für ein unmittelbares Wiederanfahren zur Stromerzeugung betriebsbereit am Netz verbleiben, so müssen diese im permanenten Betrieb mit ihrer Mindestleistung oder Minimallast bereit stehen. Gleiches gilt auch für den Fall, dass man Kraftwerke im täglichen Betrieb flexibilisieren möchte, beispielsweise derart, dass während der stromnachfrageintensiven Tageszeiten Strom ins Netz eingespeist wird, zur Nachtzeit das Kraftwerk, aber in einen "Ruhezustand" zurückgefahren wird. Der Betrieb des Dampferzeugers oder des Kraftwerkes mit Minimallast ist unter anderem deshalb notwendig, damit im Feuer(ungs)raum des Dampferzeugers die Temperaturen nicht soweit absinken, dass die für die Brennstoffzündung, insbesondere Kohlezündung, notwendige Betriebstemperatur erst wieder nach stundenlangem Aufheizen erreicht wird. So betragen die Anfahrzeiten für einen sogenannten "Heißstart" nach weniger als acht Stunden Stillstandszeit derzeit noch ca. 2 Stunden, für einen sogenannten " Warmstand" nach weniger nach 48 Stunden Stillstandszeit ca. 5 Stunden und einen sogenannten "Kaltstart" nach weniger als 72 Stunden Stillstand ca. 8 Stunden. Um zumindest einen "Heißstart" zu ermöglichen, muss ein solches Kraftwerk im permanenten Betrieb mit seiner Mindestleistung in Betrieb gehalten werden. Die Mindestleistung beträgt bei Steinkohlekraftwerken ca. 38 % und bei Braunkohlekraftwerken ca. 40 %. Zudem sind üblicherweise Mindeststillstandszeiten bei Steinkohlekraftwerken von ca. 2 Stunden und bei Braunkohlenkraftwerken von ca. 8 Stunden, sowie Mindestbetriebszeiten bei Steinkohlekraftwerken von ca. 4 Stunden und bei Braunkohlenkraftwerken von ca. 6 Stunden einzuhalten. Einhergehen diese Betriebszeiten in Mindestleistung mit Wirkungsgradverlusten in Höhe von ca. 5 %. Außerdem ist bei Kohlekraftwerken zu beachten, dass ein Wiederanfahren nur mit einer Leistungsänderung von ca. 3-5 % pro Minute derzeit möglich ist.However, fossil-fueled power plants, especially coal-fired power plants, are now provided with the disadvantage that they can not be switched on and off at will and are movable up and down in relation to their output power. The power of steam power plants, especially the coal-fired steam generator, can not be changed arbitrarily strong and fast. In addition, minimum operating and minimum downtimes must be observed to avoid excessive system wear. If power plants are to remain on the grid as a so-called "hot reserve" for an immediate restart for power generation, they must be ready for operation with their minimum power or minimum load in permanent operation. The same applies to the case that one wants to make power plants more flexible in daily operation, for example, such that during the power-intensive daytime electricity is fed into the grid, at night the power plant, but in a "state of rest" is reduced. The operation of the steam generator or the power plant with minimum load is therefore necessary, therefore, in the fire (ungs) space of the Steam generator, the temperatures do not fall so far that the necessary for the fuel ignition, especially coal ignition, operating temperature is reached again after hours of heating. Thus, the start-up times for a so-called "hot start" after less than eight hours downtime currently about 2 hours, for a so-called "hot" less after 48 hours downtime about 5 hours and a so-called "cold start" after less than 72 hours Standstill about 8 hours. In order to enable at least a "hot start", such a power plant must be kept in operation with its minimum power in permanent operation. The minimum output is about 38% for coal-fired power plants and about 40% for lignite-fired power plants. In addition, minimum standstill times for hard coal power plants of approx. 2 hours and brown coal power stations of approx. 8 hours, as well as minimum operating times for coal-fired power plants of approx. 4 hours and lignite-fired power plants of approx. 6 hours are usually complied with. Include these operating times in minimum performance with efficiency losses of about 5%. In addition, it should be noted in coal-fired power plants that restarting is only possible with a power change of approx. 3-5% per minute.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Lösung zu schaffen, die es ermöglicht, ein Kraftwerk an den flukturierenden Einspeisebedarf des angeschlossenen Stromnetzes anzupassen und bezüglich seiner Stromeinspeisemöglichkeiten zu flexibilisieren.The invention has for its object to provide a solution that makes it possible to adapt a power plant to the fluctuating feed demand of the connected power grid and to flexibilize with respect to its Stromeinspeisemöglichkeiten.
Bei einem Kraftwerk der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf derart mit dem Wärmespeicher und/oder dem Wärmetauscher leitungsmäßig verbunden ist, dass Wärmeenergie des Dampfes aus dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf thermisch in den Wärmespeicher und/oder in den Wärmetauscher auskoppelbar ist. Bei einem Verfahren der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass in dem Wärmespeicher und/oder dem Wärmetauscher Wärmeenergie aus dem Dampf des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes ausgekoppelt und in den Wärmespeicher und/oder den Wärmetauscher eingekoppelt wird.In a power plant of the type described in more detail, this object is achieved in that the water / steam circuit is connected in such a manner with the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger that Thermal energy of the steam from the water / steam cycle thermally in the heat storage and / or in the heat exchanger can be coupled out. In a method of the type described in more detail, this object is achieved in that in the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger heat energy from the steam of the water / steam cycle coupled and coupled into the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger.
Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the respective subclaims.
Erfindungsgemäß ist also vorgesehen, dass aus dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf Wärmeenergie des Dampfes indirekt über einen Wärmetauscher in einen Wärmespeicher oder direkt unmittelbar in einen Wärmespeicher ausgekoppelt wird, wobei beide Auskopplungswege ggf. auch parallel betrieben werden können. Dies ermöglicht es, Kraftwerke insofern zu flexibilisieren, als dass erzeugter Wasserdampf nicht unbedingt zur Stromerzeugung über den Turbinensatz oder Turbosatz geleitet werden muss, sondern über mindestens einen Wärmetauscher oder mindestens einen Wärmespeicher geführt wird, wo der Dampf (seine) Energie abgibt. Bei beispielsweise gleichbleibender Dampferzeugung kann dadurch die zur Stromerzeugung genutzte Dampfmenge reduziert und damit die vom Kraftwerk ins Netz eingespeiste Strommenge bzw. elektrische Energie geregelt werden, dass ein Teil der Dampfmenge "gespeichert" wird. Dies ermöglicht es, ein am Netz befindliches Kraftwerk relativ schnell im Bezug auf die ans Netz abgegebene Strommenge zurückzufahren. Da andererseits wie oben stehend dargelegt ist, insbesondere Kohlekraftwerke mit einer Mindest- oder Minimallast betrieben werden müssen, kann diese "Dampfregelung" dazu genutzt werden, die Feuerungsleistung in den zulässigen und wirtschaftlich vertretbaren Geschwindigkeiten herunterzufahren. Die in dem Wärmespeicher gespeicherte Wärmeenergie kann dann ihrerseits in dem Fall, wenn nun das Kraftwerk wieder hochgefahren werden soll, dazu genutzt werden, Energie, beispielsweise durch Umwandlung von Wasser in Dampf, für das Wiederanfahren bzw. Wiederhochfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen. So kann die (zwischen)gespeicherte Energie bei einem Wiederanfahren des Kraftwerkes auf Normalbetrieb beispielsweise dazu genutzt werden, um eine höhere Geschwindigkeit der Leistungsänderung in Prozent/Minute als die üblichen 3-5 %/Minute zu erreichen, indem die in Form von Wärmeenergie gespeicherte Energie beim Anfahren in Form von Dampf beispielsweise an den Niederdruckvorwärmern des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes des Kraftwerkes zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Ferner kann dann, wenn im Stromnetz temporär (wieder) eine höhere Einspeisung benötigt wird, mithilfe eines Salz/Wasser-Dampfwärmetauschers, vorzugsweise eines Once-Trough-Dampferzeugers, und eines ggf. zusätzlichen Turbinenkreislaufes Spitzen-/Mittlaststrom zusätzlich zu dem (Haupt)Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des Kraftwerkes bereitgestellt und ins Netz eingespeist werden.The invention thus provides that from the water / steam cycle heat energy of the steam is indirectly coupled via a heat exchanger in a heat storage or directly directly into a heat storage, both decoupling paths can also be operated in parallel if necessary. This makes it possible to flexibilize power plants insofar as generated steam does not necessarily have to be routed to generate electricity through the turbine set or turbo set, but is passed through at least one heat exchanger or at least one heat storage where the steam gives off (its) energy. In the case of, for example, constant generation of steam, the amount of steam used for power generation can thereby be reduced and thus the amount of electricity or electrical energy fed into the network by the power plant can be regulated, so that part of the steam quantity is "stored". This makes it possible to drive back a grid-connected power plant relatively quickly with respect to the amount of electricity delivered to the grid. On the other hand, since as stated above, in particular coal power plants must be operated with a minimum or minimum load, this "steam control" can be used to the firing capacity in the allowable and economically acceptable speeds shut down. The stored in the heat storage heat energy can then be used in turn, in the case when the power plant is to be restarted, to provide energy, for example, by converting water into steam for restarting or reboot. For example, when the power plant is restarted, the stored energy may be used to achieve a higher rate of power change in percent / minute than the usual 3-5% / minute by the energy stored in the form of thermal energy when starting in the form of steam, for example, to the low-pressure preheaters of the water / steam cycle of the power plant is provided. Further, when a higher feed is needed temporarily in the power grid, peak / midload current in addition to the (main) water may be provided by means of a salt / water steam heat exchanger, preferably a once-through steam generator, and any additional turbine circuit / Steam cycle of the power plant are provided and fed into the grid.
Um auch im Netz vorhandene Stromüberkapazitäten aus dem Netz in eine Speicherung überführen zu können, sieht die Erfindung zudem vor, dass der Wärmespeicher elektrisch beheizbar ausgebildet ist, beziehungsweise dass dem Wärmespeicher bei im Stromnetz vorhandener Überkapazität an Strom und/oder bei Betrieb des Kraftwerks in seinem Mindest- oder Minimallastbereich erzeugter, nicht ins Netz einzuspeisender Überschussstrom über eine mit dem jeweiligen Strom und/oder Überschussstrom elektrisch beheizte und vorzugsweise im Wärmespeicher angeordnete Heizvorrichtung Wärmeenergie zugeführt und im Wärmespeicher gespeichert wird. Dies macht es möglich, Energie einzuspeichern, wenn aufgrund der flukturierenden Einspeisung erneuerbarer Energien wie Wind oder Photovoltaik im Netz eine zu hohe Einspeisung vorliegt. Um in Zeiten von im Stromnetz herrschenden Überkapazitäten und erhöhter Nachfrage flexibel Stromkapazität zur Verfügung stellen zu können, sieht die Erfindung vor, dass einerseits das Kraftwerk relativ schnell wieder hochgefahren werden kann, dass alternativ andererseits aber auch parallel zum (Haupt)Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des Kraftwerkes ein zweiter Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf mit zugeordnetem Turbinensatz oder Turbosatz betrieben werden kann, der dann unmittelbar ohne dass das Kraftwerk hochgefahren werden muss, Strom erzeugt und ins Netz einspeist. Die Erfindung sieht daher in Ausgestaltung vor, dass der Wärmespeicher des Kraftwerks in gespeicherte Wärme auskoppelbarer Weise mit dem oder einem zweiten Dampferzeuger verbunden ist. Ebenso sieht die Erfindung vor, dass der Wärmespeicher des Kraftwerks in gespeicherte Wärme auskoppelbarer Weise mit mindestens einem weiteren Wärmetauscher verbunden ist, der in dem oder einem zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf einen Vorwärmer, Überhitzer oder Zwischenüberhitzer ausbildet.In order to be able to transfer current overcapacities present in the network from the grid to a storage, the invention also provides that the heat storage is electrically heated, or that the heat storage in the power grid existing overcapacity of electricity and / or operation of the power plant in his Minimum or minimum load range generated, not to be fed into the grid excess power supplied via a with the respective current and / or excess current electrically heated and preferably arranged in the heat storage heater thermal energy and stored in the heat storage. This makes it possible to store energy when, due to the fluctuating feed-in of renewable energies such as wind or photovoltaic in the grid is too high a feed. In order to be able to flexibly provide power capacity in times of overcapacity and increased demand in the power grid, the invention provides that, on the one hand, the power plant can be restarted relatively quickly, but alternatively, on the other hand, also parallel to the (main) water / steam cycle the power plant, a second water / steam cycle can be operated with associated turbine set or turbo set, which then immediately without the power plant must be powered up, generates electricity and fed into the grid. The invention therefore provides in an embodiment that the heat storage of the power plant in stored heat coupled out manner with the or a second steam generator is connected. Likewise, the invention provides that the heat storage of the power plant in stored heat auskoppelbarer manner is connected to at least one other heat exchanger, which forms a preheater, superheater or reheater in the or a second water / steam cycle.
Das Verfahren ist insofern in erfindungsgemäßer Ausgestaltung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Wärmespeicher gespeicherte Wärme in den oder einen zweiten Dampferzeuger ausgekoppelt wird, wobei in dem Dampferzeuger erzeugter Dampf als Frischdampf oder Zwischenüberhitzerdampf einer Turbine zugeführt wird, und/oder dass in dem Wärmespeicher gespeicherte Wärme in mindestens einen weiteren Wärmetauscher ausgekoppelt wird, der in dem oder einem zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf einen Vorerwärmen, Überhitzer oder Zwischenüberhitzer ausbildet. Dieser Dampf wird dann jeweils einem Turbinen- oder Turbosatz mit angeschlossenem Generator zugeführt.In the embodiment according to the invention, the method is characterized in that heat stored in the heat accumulator is decoupled into the or a second steam generator, wherein steam generated in the steam generator is supplied to a turbine as live steam or reheater steam, and / or heat stored in the heat accumulator at least one further heat exchanger is decoupled, which forms a preheating, superheater or reheater in the or a second water / steam cycle. This steam is then fed in each case to a turbine or turbo set with a connected generator.
Insbesondere können das erfindungsgemäße Kraftwerk und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dazu benutzt werden, die beim Betrieb des Kraftwerkes in seinem Mindest- oder Minimallastbereich entstehende Wärmeenergie in Form von Dampf aus dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf auszukoppeln und zu speichern. Die Erfindung sieht daher in Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens weiterhin vor, dass die Wärmeenergie von bei Betrieb des Kraftwerks in seinem Mindest- oder Minimallastbereich erzeugtem und nicht für die Stromerzeugung genutztem Überschussdampf aus dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf thermisch in den Wärmespeicher und/oder den Wärmetauscher ausgekoppelt wird. Hierbei kann es dann in Weiterbildung des Verfahrens zudem vorgesehen sein, dass beim Wiederanfahren des Kraftwerks aus seinem Mindest- oder Minimallastbereich in dem Wärmespeicher gespeicherte Wärme in den und/oder in den zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf, vorzugsweise im Bereich von Niederdruckvorwärmern, ausgekoppelt wird.In particular, the power plant according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used for the Operation of the power plant in its minimum or minimum load range resulting heat energy in the form of steam out of the water / steam cycle and store. The invention therefore further provides, in an embodiment of the method, that the heat energy from heat generated during operation of the power plant in its minimum or minimum load range and not used for power generation excess steam from the water / steam cycle thermally coupled into the heat storage and / or the heat exchanger becomes. In this case, it may also be provided in a further development of the method that when the power plant is restarted from its minimum or minimum load range stored in the heat accumulator heat is coupled into the and / or in the second water / steam cycle, preferably in the range of Niederdruckvorwärmern ,
Der Wärmespeicher kann als Dampfspeicher oder Ruths-Speicher, als Salzspeicher, Betonspeicher oder Heißwasserspeicher ausgebildet sein. Ein besonders geeignetes Wärmespeichermedium stellt Salzschmelze dar, insbesondere eine Mischung aus KNO3 und NaNO3.The heat storage can be designed as a steam storage or Ruths storage, salt storage, concrete storage or hot water storage. A particularly suitable heat storage medium is molten salt, in particular a mixture of KNO 3 and NaNO 3 .
Eine weitere Unterstützung der Flexibilisierung eines insbesondere fossilbefeuerten Kraftwerkes lässt sich gemäß erfindungsgemäßer Ausgestaltung des Kraftwerkes dadurch erreichen, dass der Dampferzeuger einen mit fossilem Brennstoff und/oder mit Biomasse befeuerbaren Feuerraum aufweist, dessen Brenner vorzugsweise Bestandteil einer indirekten Feuerung sind.Further support of the flexibility of a particular fossil-fired power plant can be achieved according to the invention of the power plant, characterized in that the steam generator with a fossil fuel and / or biomass combustible combustion chamber whose burner are preferably part of an indirect firing.
In Kombinatin mit dem Betrieb der aus einem Stromüberschuss gespeisten Heizvorrichtung des Wärmespeichers ist es demnach möglich, in Zeiten, bei denen Stromüberschuss in das Stromnetz eingespeist wird, den Wärmespeicher, der beispielsweise aus zwei wechselseitig betriebenen Behältern (heiß/kalt) mit dem Speichermedium, z. B. geschmolzene Salze, oder einem Schichtenspeicher mit geschmolzenem Salz besteht, zu verwenden, um temporär überschüssigen Strom aus dem Stromnetz und/oder temporär überschüssigen Dampf aus dem Dampfkraftwerk (Dampfkraftwerk mit angeschlossenem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf) zur Erhitzung des im Wärmespeicher vorgesehenen Speichermediums zu verwenden. Da die elektrische Beheizung einen Wirkungsgrad von nahezu 100 % hat und konventionelle Dampfkraftprozesse im Temperaturbereich 530 °C Kreisprozesswirkungsgrade von 38-42 % aufweisen, ist der Wirkungsgrad der Stromspeicher höher als bei vielen anderen Alternativen. Wird der Wärmespeicher nur zur Beheizung eines Wärmetauschers (beispielsweise Vorwärmung/Überhitzung/Zwischenüberhitzung) in einem ansonsten anderweitig beheizten Dampfkreislauf verwendet, ist der Wirkungsgrad entsprechend geringer. Das System funktioniert aber analog. Zum Beispiel ermöglicht das kurzzeitige Ersetzen der Anzapfung bei thermischen Kraftwerken eine erhöhte Leistungsabgabe ans Netz im Rahmen des vorhandenen Turbinen- oder Generatordesigns.In Kombinatin with the operation of the supplied from a power surplus heating device of the heat accumulator, it is therefore possible, in times when excess electricity is fed into the grid, the heat storage, for example, from two reciprocally operated containers (hot / cold) with the storage medium, z. As molten salts, or a stratified storage tank with molten salt, to use temporarily excess electricity from the power grid and / or temporarily excess steam from the steam power plant (steam power plant with connected water / steam cycle) for heating the storage medium provided in the heat storage use. Since electric heating has an efficiency of nearly 100% and conventional steam power processes in the temperature range 530 ° C have cycle efficiencies of 38-42%, the efficiency of the energy storage is higher than many other alternatives. If the heat storage is used only for heating a heat exchanger (for example, preheating / overheating / reheat) in an otherwise otherwise heated steam cycle, the efficiency is correspondingly lower. The system works but analog. For example, short-term replacement of the tap at thermal power plants allows increased power delivery to the grid within the existing turbine or generator design.
Die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme Kraftwerke mit einem Wärmespeicher und ggf. einem zugeordneten Wärmetauscher in die Dampferzeugung des Kraftwerkes einzubinden oder ggf. mit einer eigenen zugeordneten Dampferzeugung einschließlich eines Turbinen- oder Turbosatzes mit angeschlossenem Generator auszustatten, kann bei der Neuplanung von Kraftwerksanlagen, insbesondere bei einem Neubau von fossilbefeuerten Kraftwerken, als Zusatzanlage oder Zusatzeinrichtung geplant und vorgesehen werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, diese Zusatzanlage bei einem bestehenden Kraftwerk im Rahmen einer Umrüstung oder Ertüchtigung nachzurüsten.The measure according to the invention to integrate power plants with a heat storage and possibly an associated heat exchanger in the steam generation of the power plant or possibly equip with its own associated steam generation including a turbine or turbo set with attached generator, can in the replanning of power plants, especially in a new construction of Fossil-fired power plants, as an additional facility or additional equipment planned and provided. But it is also possible to retrofit this additional system in an existing power plant as part of a conversion or upgrade.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beispielhaft näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to an exemplary embodiment.
Die einzige Figur zeigt in schematischer Weise den Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 1 eines fossilbefeuerten Kraftwerks. Der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf ist üblich ausgestattet und umfasst in nicht dargestellter Weise Vorerwärmen, Überhitzer, Zwischenüberhitzer, einen Turbinen- oder Turbosatz mit angeschlossenem Generator sowie eine Wasseraufbereitung. In den Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 1 ist ein Wärmetauscher 2 thermisch eingekoppelt, der es ermöglicht, dass Wärmeenergie aus in dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 1 geführtem Dampf in das im Wärmetauscher 2 zirkulierende Wärmeträgermedium 8 ausgekoppelt wird. Der Wärmetauscher 2 ist zudem thermisch an einen Wärmespeicher 3 gekoppelt. In dem Wärmespeicher 3 wird die von dem Wärmeträgermedium 8 des Wärmetauschers 2 aufgenommene Wärmeenergie an den Wärmespeicher 3 ausgekoppelt. Gewünschtenfalls kann der Energieübertragungsweg auch umgekehrt erfolgen. In diesem Fall wird dann im Speicher 3 gespeicherte Wärmeenergie an das Wärmeträgermedium 8 des Wärmetauschers 2 ausgekoppelt und von diesem im Wärmetauscher 2 an den Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 1 des Kraftwerkes ausgekoppelt. In dem Wärmespeicher 3 ist ferner eine Heizvorrichtung 4 angeordnet, die in stromleitender Verbindung mit einem Stromnetz 5 steht. Bei Betrieb der Heizvorrichtung 4, beispielsweise mittels im Stromnetz vorhandenen Überschussstroms, wird elektrisch mittels der Heizvorrichtung Wärmeenergie erzeugt, die in dem Wärmespeicher 3 gespeichert wird.The single figure shows schematically the water / steam circuit 1 of a fossil-fired power plant. The water / steam cycle is usually equipped and includes in a manner not shown preheating, superheater, reheater, a turbine or turbo set with attached generator and water treatment. In the water / steam cycle 1, a heat exchanger 2 is thermally coupled, which makes it possible that thermal energy from coupled in the water / steam cycle 1 steam in the heat exchanger 2 circulating
Der Wärmespeicher 3 ist thermisch an einen zweiten Wärmetauscher 6 gekoppelt, welcher seinerseits thermisch an einen zweiten Dampferzeuger 7 oder einen zweiten Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf gekoppelt ist. Hierdurch ist es möglich, aus dem Wärmespeicher 3 Energie auszukoppeln und parallel zur Dampferzeugung im Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf 1 zu erzeugen. Dem zweiten Dampferzeuger 7 oder Wasser/DampfKreislauf ist ein Turbinensatz oder Turbosatz mit angeschlossenem Generator zugeordnet, so dass hier ebenfalls Strom erzeugt werden kann. Vorzugsweise wird dieser zweite Wärmetauscher 6 dann in Betrieb genommen, wenn Unterkapazitäten im Stromnetz 5 ausgeglichen werden sollen.The heat storage 3 is thermally coupled to a second heat exchanger 6, which in turn is thermally coupled to a
Bei den Wärmetauschern 2 und 6 kann es sich um Vorwärmer, Überhitzer oder Zwischenüberhitzer des jeweiligen Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes 1, 7 handeln. Der zweite Wärmetauscher 6 kann als once-through-Dampferzeuger (Durchlaufdampferzeuger) ausgebildet sein.The heat exchangers 2 and 6 may be preheaters, superheaters or reheaters of the respective water /
Claims (17)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf (1) derart mit dem Wärmespeicher (3) und/oder dem Wärmetauscher (2) leitungsmäßig verbunden ist, dass Wärmeenergie des Dampfes aus dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf (1) thermisch in den Wärmespeicher (3) und/oder in den Wärmetauscher (2) auskoppelbar ist.Power plant comprising a steam generator with connected water / steam circuit (1) and integrated therein turbine or turbo set, wherein the water / steam circuit (1) steam side with a heat storage (3) and / or a thermal to the heat storage (3) coupled heat exchanger (2) is conductively connected and / or thermally coupled,
characterized,
in that the water / steam cycle (1) is conductively connected to the heat store (3) and / or the heat exchanger (2) such that heat energy of the steam from the water / steam cycle (1) is thermally transferred to the heat store (3). and / or in the heat exchanger (2) can be coupled out.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass in dem Wärmespeicher (3) und/oder dem Wärmetauscher (2) Wärmeenergie aus dem Dampf des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes (1) ausgekoppelt und in den Wärmespeicher (3) und/oder den Wärmetauscher (2) eingekoppelt wird.Method for storing in a power plant with a steam generator with connected water / steam cycle (1) and integrated turbine or turbine set generated heat, the water / steam cycle (1) steam side with a heat storage (3) and / or a thermally to the Heat storage (3) coupled heat exchanger (2) connected in line and / or thermally coupled,
characterized,
that in the heat storage (3) and / or the heat exchanger (2) heat energy from the steam of the water / steam cycle (1) decoupled and coupled into the heat storage (3) and / or the heat exchanger (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17200082.0A EP3301266A3 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-23 | Fossil fuel powered power plant with heat storage device directly or indirectly coupled to the water/steam circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012103617.9A DE102012103617B4 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2012-04-25 | Fossil-fired power plant with heat storage |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17200082.0A Division EP3301266A3 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-23 | Fossil fuel powered power plant with heat storage device directly or indirectly coupled to the water/steam circuit |
| EP17200082.0A Division-Into EP3301266A3 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-23 | Fossil fuel powered power plant with heat storage device directly or indirectly coupled to the water/steam circuit |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP2657466A2 true EP2657466A2 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
| EP2657466A3 EP2657466A3 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| EP2657466B1 EP2657466B1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
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| EP17200082.0A Withdrawn EP3301266A3 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-23 | Fossil fuel powered power plant with heat storage device directly or indirectly coupled to the water/steam circuit |
| EP13164893.3A Active EP2657466B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-23 | Fossil fired power plant with heat accumulator |
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| EP17200082.0A Withdrawn EP3301266A3 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-23 | Fossil fuel powered power plant with heat storage device directly or indirectly coupled to the water/steam circuit |
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| EP (2) | EP3301266A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102012103617B4 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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| WO2015088755A1 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-18 | Chromalox, Inc. | Energy storage systems with medium voltage electrical heat exchangers |
| CN107516905A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 北京北方三合能源技术有限公司 | A kind of polynary coupled tank system |
| CN111655989A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-09-11 | E2S电力公司 | Energy storage device and system |
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| DE102014202277A1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Energy storage for intermediate storage of electrical energy |
| DE102014104806B4 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-11-10 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe Gmbh | Method for operating a power plant with electrical assistance and power plant in this regard |
| AT518186B1 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-08-15 | Univ Wien Tech | Thermal power plant and method for storing heat |
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| US4071079A (en) * | 1974-07-31 | 1978-01-31 | Sadao Shimoda | Heat-storage unit and system |
| US4164848A (en) * | 1976-12-21 | 1979-08-21 | Paul Viktor Gilli | Method and apparatus for peak-load coverage and stop-gap reserve in steam power plants |
| DE19512466C1 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-08-22 | Siemens Ag | Steam generator operating method for gas and steam turbine plant |
| US8261552B2 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2012-09-11 | Dresser Rand Company | Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system |
| DE102009060089A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, 80333 | Solar thermal power plant and method for operating a solar thermal power plant |
| US20120080161A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Edmund Joseph Kelly | Thermal storage system |
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2012
- 2012-04-25 DE DE102012103617.9A patent/DE102012103617B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-04-23 EP EP17200082.0A patent/EP3301266A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-04-23 EP EP13164893.3A patent/EP2657466B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015088755A1 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-18 | Chromalox, Inc. | Energy storage systems with medium voltage electrical heat exchangers |
| US9523285B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2016-12-20 | Chromalox, Inc. | Energy storage systems with medium voltage electrical heat exchangers |
| CN107516905A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 北京北方三合能源技术有限公司 | A kind of polynary coupled tank system |
| CN107516905B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2023-09-01 | 北京北方三合能源技术有限公司 | Multi-element coupling energy storage system |
| CN111655989A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-09-11 | E2S电力公司 | Energy storage device and system |
| CN111655989B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2023-06-20 | E2S电力公司 | Energy storage device and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102012103617B4 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
| EP2657466A3 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| EP3301266A2 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
| EP3301266A3 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
| EP2657466B1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
| DE102012103617A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
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