EP2383765B1 - Relay with integrated safety circuit - Google Patents

Relay with integrated safety circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2383765B1
EP2383765B1 EP11002955.0A EP11002955A EP2383765B1 EP 2383765 B1 EP2383765 B1 EP 2383765B1 EP 11002955 A EP11002955 A EP 11002955A EP 2383765 B1 EP2383765 B1 EP 2383765B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
relay
coil
control unit
relay according
circuit board
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EP11002955.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2383765A1 (en
Inventor
Simon Kalmbach
Karl Steimle
Gunter Kaiser
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TE Connectivity Kissling Products GmbH
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Kissling Elektrotechnik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil

Definitions

  • spring-loaded contact pins can be provided for contacting the control unit.
  • the spring-loaded contact pins offer a reliable electrical connection even if the relay vibrates as a result of a vehicle or a machine.
  • the control unit 26 is short-circuit proof and has a protected coil control, reverse polarity protection and coil cancellation. In addition, an undervoltage protection is integrated in the control unit 26, which protects the relay from undefined operating states.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Description

Relais können in Form von monostabilen oder bistabilen Relais in den unterschiedlichsten Einsatzbereichen wie beispielsweise zur Steuerung von Nutzfahrzeugen, Schienenfahrzeugen, Baumaschinen oder Flurfördermaschinen eingesetzt werden. Die Relais mussten hierzu bislang extern, d. h. kundenseitig, mit einem genau definierten Spulensignal zur Steuerung des Relais beaufschlagt werden. Im Falle eines zu schwachen oder zu hohen Spulensignals kam es dabei oft zu Fehlschaltungen des Relais.Relays can be used in the form of monostable or bistable relays in a wide variety of applications, such as for controlling commercial vehicles, rail vehicles, construction machinery or industrial trucks. So far, the relays had to be external, i. H. provided by the customer with a precisely defined coil signal for controlling the relay. If the coil signal was too weak or too high, the relay would often malfunction.

Ein solches Relais ist beispielsweise in der DE 197 44 396 A1 offenbart. Dieses Relais weist ein Spulengehäuse auf, in dem eine Spulenanordnung mit einem beweglichen Anker angeordnet ist. Durch den Spulenstrom wird ein magnetischer Fluss erzeugt, der den Anker bewegt, sodass ein Stromfluss über zwei Anschlusskontakte entweder zugelassen oder unterbrochen werden kann.Such a relay is for example in the DE 197 44 396 A1 disclosed. This relay has a coil housing in which a coil arrangement with a movable armature is arranged. The coil current creates a magnetic flux that moves the armature, so that current flow through two connection contacts can either be permitted or interrupted.

Die EP 0 017 129 A1 beschreibt ein gepoltes Zungenkontaktrelais. Bei diesem Relais sollen sich zwei Kontakte gleichzeitig betätigen lassen. Das Relais weist ein Gehäuse auf, in dem zwei Spulenkörperhälften und ein Dauermagnet angeordnet sind. Die Spulenanschlüsse sind mit einer Leiterplatte gekoppelt, die eine elektrische Schaltung trägt. Mit der Schaltung kann eine synchrone Betätigung der Kontaktzungen erreicht werden.The EP 0 017 129 A1 describes a polarized tongue contact relay. With this relay, two contacts should be able to be operated simultaneously. The relay has a housing in which two coil former halves and a permanent magnet are arranged. The coil connections are with a Coupled circuit board that carries an electrical circuit. With the circuit, synchronous actuation of the contact tongues can be achieved.

In der US 2004/0240140 A1 ist ein Relais beschrieben, das eine Schaltung zur Ansteuerung aufweist, wobei die Schaltung einen einmal programmierbaren Mikrocontroller aufweist, der eine Betriebsspannung von 3.0 bis 5.5 V aufweist.In the US 2004/0240140 A1 describes a relay which has a circuit for control, the circuit having a programmable microcontroller which has an operating voltage of 3.0 to 5.5 V.

Die DE 60 2005 002 015 T2 beschreibt ein Relais mit einem externen Netzspannungssensor und einer externen Steuerung, die den Spulenstrom abschaltet, wenn die Netzspannung zu hoch oder zu niedrig ist.The DE 60 2005 002 015 T2 describes a relay with an external line voltage sensor and an external control that switches off the coil current if the line voltage is too high or too low.

Der Erfindung liegt demgegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Relais bereitzustellen, das eine hohe Schaltsicherheit aufweist.In contrast, the invention is based on the object of providing a relay which has high switching reliability.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Relais mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a relay with the features of claim 1.

Die nunmehr in das Relais integrierte Steuereinheit kann von außen an das Relais angelegte Spannungen auch, wenn diese der zur Schaltung des Relais erforderlichen Spannung nicht exakt entsprechen, als Steuersignal für das Relais interpretieren und einen genau definierten Spulenstrom an die Spule des Relais ausgeben. Feldausfälle durch mit Überstrom beaufschlagte Spulen können so vermieden werden. Darüber hinaus können mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Relais Ansteuerungskonzepte mit niedriger Leistung, beispielsweise Relaisansteuerungen durch Bordcomputer in Fahrzeugen, realisiert werden. Diese können in der Regel selbst keine entsprechend hohen Anzugs- oder Abwurfströme zur Schaltung des Relais zur Verfügung stellen.The control unit now integrated into the relay can interpret voltages applied to the relay from the outside as a control signal for the relay, even if they do not exactly correspond to the voltage required to switch the relay, and output a precisely defined coil current to the coil of the relay. Field failures caused by coils with overcurrent can thus be avoided. In addition, control concepts with low power, for example relay controls by on-board computers in vehicles, can be implemented with the relay according to the invention. As a rule, these themselves cannot provide correspondingly high pickup or discharge currents for switching the relay.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel kann die Steuereinheit auf einer im Wesentlichen runden Platine ausgebildet sein. Da die Spulenanordnung in der Regel rund ausgebildet ist, kann die Platine mit der Steuereinheit Platz sparend zusammen mit der Spulenanordnung im Spulengehäuse angeordnet werden. Selbstverständlich kann die Form der Platine auch an andere geometrische Formen der Spulenanordnung, beispielsweise an eine rechteckige Spulenanordnung, angepasst sein.In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the control unit can be formed on an essentially round circuit board. Since the coil arrangement is generally round, the circuit board with the control unit can be arranged in a space-saving manner together with the coil arrangement in the coil housing. Of course, the shape of the circuit board can also be adapted to other geometric shapes of the coil arrangement, for example to a rectangular coil arrangement.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung kann die Platine der Steuereinheit im Wesentlichen den gleichen Durchmesser aufweisen wie die Spulenanordnung. Das Spulengehäuse des Relais kann auf diese Art und Weise kompakt ausgeführt werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the circuit board of the control unit can have essentially the same diameter as the coil arrangement. The coil housing of the relay can be made compact in this way.

Eine Spulenkontaktierung ist vorzugsweise durch die Platine hindurchgeführt. In diesem Fall ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass Steuerelektroden zur Steuerung des Relais in einem Kopfteil des Relais und gleichzeitig die Steuereinheit mit der Platine auf der Spulenanordnung angeordnet werden können.A coil contact is preferably passed through the board. In this case, there is the advantage that control electrodes for controlling the relay can be arranged in a head part of the relay and at the same time the control unit with the circuit board can be arranged on the coil arrangement.

In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung können gefederte Kontaktstifte zur Kontaktierung der Steuereinheit vorgesehen sein. Die gefederten Kontaktstifte bieten auch bei durch ein Fahrzeug oder eine Maschine verursachten Schwingungen des Relais eine zuverlässige elektrische Verbindung.In a further development of the invention, spring-loaded contact pins can be provided for contacting the control unit. The spring-loaded contact pins offer a reliable electrical connection even if the relay vibrates as a result of a vehicle or a machine.

Das Relais ist vorzugsweise kurzschlusssicher ausgebildet. Das Relais und insbesondere die Steuereinheit des Relais werden damit auch im Falle eines Kurzschlusses nicht beschädigt.The relay is preferably short-circuit proof. The relay and in particular the control unit of the relay are not damaged in the event of a short circuit.

Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, dass das Relais einen Verpolschutz aufweist. Eine Beschädigung durch eine falsche Beschaltung des Relais kann hierdurch vermieden werden.It is further preferred that the relay has reverse polarity protection. Damage due to incorrect wiring of the relay can be avoided in this way.

Die Steuereinheit des Relais kann derart ausgebildet sein, dass eine Spulenlöschung durch die Steuereinheit vornehmbar ist. Durch die Spulenlöschung kann die Steuereinheit das Relais in einen definierten Schaltzustand versetzen.The control unit of the relay can be designed in such a way that coil deletion can be carried out by the control unit. The control unit can put the relay into a defined switching state by deleting the coil.

Das Relais weist einen Unterspannungsschutz auf. Der Unterspannungsschutz kann das Relais vor unbestimmten Betriebszuständen sichern und das Einschalten eines Verbrauchsstromkreises durch das Relais bei zu geringer Versorgungsspannung verhindern.The relay has undervoltage protection. The undervoltage protection can protect the relay against undefined operating states and prevent the relay from switching on a power circuit if the supply voltage is too low.

Durch die in das Relais integrierte Steuereinheit kann das Relais ein hohes Maß an elektronischer Sicherheit bieten sowie ein nahezu leistungsloses Schalten ermöglichen.Thanks to the control unit integrated in the relay, the relay can offer a high degree of electronic security and enable almost no-power switching.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist das Relais als bistabiles Relais ausgeführt. In dem bistabilen Relais kann dabei mindestens ein Haltemittel, insbesondere ein Permanentmagnet, vorgesehen sein, mit dem der Anker in einer Position fixierbar ist. Das bistabile Relais kann dadurch auch nach Abschalten des Steuerstroms leistungslos in einer Ein- oder Aus-Position gehalten werden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the relay is designed as a bistable relay. At least one holding means, in particular a permanent magnet, can be provided in the bistable relay, with which the armature can be fixed in one position. The bistable relay can thus be held in an on or off position without power even after the control current has been switched off.

Weiter kann das Relais eine softwaregesteuerte Einschalt- und/oder Ausschaltverzögerung aufweisen, sofern dies vom Anwender gewünscht wird. Das Relais kann zudem mit einem Überspannungsschutz versehen werden.Furthermore, the relay can have a software-controlled switch-on and / or switch-off delay, if this is desired by the user. The relay can also be equipped with overvoltage protection.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Zeichnung, die ein erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Relais mit integrierter Sicherheitsbeschaltung darstellt.Further advantages result from the drawing, which represents an embodiment of a relay according to the invention with an integrated safety circuit.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische, teilweise geschnittene Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Relais; und
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Darstellung der Spuleneinheit und Steuereinheit aus Fig. 1.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective, partially sectioned illustration of a relay according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a perspective view of the coil unit and control unit Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Relais 10, das eine Anschlusseinheit 12 und ein Spulengehäuse 14 umfasst. Das Relais 10 ist ein bistabiles Relais. Die Anschlusseinheit 12 weist zwei Hauptkontaktanschlüsse 16.1, 16.2 auf. In Fig. 1 ist ein erster Hauptkontaktanschluss 16.1 dargestellt. Ein zweiter Hauptkontaktanschluss 16.2 wird von einem Durchschlagschutz 18 in der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 verdeckt. Die Anschlusseinheit 12 weist weiterhin drei Steuerelektroden auf, von denen in Fig. 1 zwei Steuerelektroden 20.1, 20.2 dargestellt sind. Eine dritte Steuerelektrode befindet sich verdeckt im hinteren Teil des Relais 10. Das Spulengehäuse 14 umfasst eine Spulenanordnung 22, einen Anker 24 sowie eine Steuereinheit 26. Die Steuereinheit 26 ist auf einer im Wesentlichen runden Platine ausgebildet, die den gleichen Durchmesser aufweist wie die Spulenanordnung 22. Die Steuereinheit 26 kann auf diese Art und Weise kompakt in das Spulengehäuse 14 integriert werden und wird durch dieses gleichzeitig gegen Störfelder nach außen abgeschirmt. Zur Steuerung des Relais 10 wird an die Steuerelektroden 20.1, 20.2 ein Steuersignal in Form einer Gleichspannung angelegt. Das Steuersignal wird von der Steuereinheit 26 erfasst, die durch gefederte Kontaktstifte 28.1, 28.2, 28.3 elektrisch mit den jeweiligen Steuerelektroden 20.1, 20.2 verbunden ist. Die Steuereinheit 26 wertet das Steuersignal aus und bestromt die Spulenanordnung 22. Der in der Spulenanordnung 22 induzierte magnetische Fluss bewegt den Anker 24. Am Anker 24 ist eine Hauptkontaktbrücke 30 angeordnet. Durch die Hauptkontaktbrücke 30 wird eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen den Hauptkontaktanschlüssen 16.1 und 16.2 entsprechend der Bewegung des Ankers 24 geöffnet oder geschlossen. Fig. 1 shows a relay 10 according to the invention, which comprises a connection unit 12 and a coil housing 14. Relay 10 is a bistable relay. The connection unit 12 has two main contact connections 16.1, 16.2. In Fig. 1 a first main contact connection 16.1 is shown. A second main contact connection 16.2 is shown by a breakdown protection 18 in accordance with the illustration Fig. 1 covered. The connection unit 12 also has three control electrodes, of which in Fig. 1 two control electrodes 20.1, 20.2 are shown. A third control electrode is concealed in the rear part of the relay 10. The coil housing 14 comprises a coil arrangement 22, an armature 24 and a control unit 26. The control unit 26 is formed on an essentially round circuit board which has the same diameter as the coil arrangement 22 In this way, the control unit 26 can be compactly integrated into the coil housing 14 and, at the same time, is shielded from this from interference fields from the outside. To control the relay 10, a control signal in the form of a DC voltage is applied to the control electrodes 20.1, 20.2. The control signal is detected by the control unit 26, which is electrically connected to the respective control electrodes 20.1, 20.2 by spring-loaded contact pins 28.1, 28.2, 28.3. The control unit 26 evaluates the control signal and energizes the coil arrangement 22. The magnetic flux induced in the coil arrangement 22 moves the armature 24. A main contact bridge 30 is arranged on the armature 24. The main contact bridge 30 opens or closes an electrical connection between the main contact connections 16.1 and 16.2 in accordance with the movement of the armature 24.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Spulenanordnung 22, die auf einer Platine ausgeführte Steuereinheit 26 und die gefederten Kontaktstifte 28.1, 28.2 und 28.3 des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Relais 10. Die in Fig. 2 gezeigten Relaiselemente sind alle im Spulengehäuse 14 des Relais 10 angeordnet. Die Spulenanordnung 22 umfasst eine Spule 32 und einen Spulenkörper 34. Die Steuereinheit 26 ist unmittelbar auf dem Spulenkörper 34 angeordnet. Die gefederten Kontaktstifte 28.1, 28.2, 28.3 sind mit den Steuerelektroden elektrisch verbunden. Eine elektrische Verbindung der gefederten Kontaktstifte 28.1, 28.2, 28.3 ist weiterhin durch die Steuereinheit 26 hindurch zur Spule 32 ausgebildet. Fig. 2 shows the coil arrangement 22, the control unit 26 executed on a circuit board and the spring-loaded contact pins 28.1, 28.2 and 28.3 of the in FIG Fig. 1 shown relay 10. The in Fig. 2 Relay elements shown are all arranged in the coil housing 14 of the relay 10. The coil arrangement 22 comprises a coil 32 and a coil body 34. The control unit 26 is arranged directly on the coil body 34. The spring-loaded contact pins 28.1, 28.2, 28.3 are electrically connected to the control electrodes. An electrical connection of the spring-loaded contact pins 28.1, 28.2, 28.3 is also formed through the control unit 26 to the coil 32.

Die Beschaltung der Steuereinheit 26 kann vorzugsweise auf drei Arten erfolgen:
In einer ersten Variante sind zwei gefederte Kontaktstifte 28.2, 28.3 mit einer Versorgungsspannung beaufschlagt. Das Relais 10 wird durch einen High-Pegel am gefederten Kontaktstift 28.1 eingeschaltet und durch einen Low-Pegel am gefederten Kontaktstift 28.1 wieder ausgeschaltet. Der Bereich des High- und Low-Pegels kann dabei innerhalb der Betriebsspannung des Relais frei definiert werden.The control unit 26 can preferably be connected in three ways:
In a first variant, two spring-loaded contact pins 28.2, 28.3 are supplied with a supply voltage. The relay 10 is switched on by a high level on the spring-loaded contact pin 28.1 and switched off again by a low level on the spring-loaded contact pin 28.1. The The range of the high and low level can be freely defined within the operating voltage of the relay.

In einer zweiten Variante ist der gefederte Kontaktstift 28.1 elektrisch mit einer negativen Spannung beaufschlagt. Durch Anlegen einer positiven Spannung am gefederten Kontaktstift 28.2 wird das Relais ein- und durch Anlegen einer positiven Spannung am gefederten Kontaktstift 28.3 wieder ausgeschaltet.In a second variant, the spring-loaded contact pin 28.1 is electrically subjected to a negative voltage. The relay is switched on by applying a positive voltage to the spring-loaded contact pin 28.2 and switched off again by applying a positive voltage to the spring-loaded contact pin 28.3.

Schließlich wird in einer dritten Variante der gefederte Kontaktstift 28.3 kontinuierlich mit einer positiven Spannung beaufschlagt. Das Relais wird dann durch Anlegen einer negativen Spannung am gefederten Kontaktstift 28.1 ein- und durch Anlegen einer negativen Spannung am gefederten Kontaktstift 28.2 ausgeschaltet.Finally, in a third variant, the spring-loaded contact pin 28.3 is continuously subjected to a positive voltage. The relay is then switched on by applying a negative voltage to the spring-loaded contact pin 28.1 and switched off by applying a negative voltage to the spring-loaded contact pin 28.2.

Nachdem das Relais ein- oder ausgeschaltet wurde, reduziert die Steuereinheit 26 den Spulenstrom, sodass die Steuereinheit 26 ein nahezu leistungsloses Halten der jeweiligen Schaltposition des Relais 10 ermöglicht.After the relay has been switched on or off, the control unit 26 reduces the coil current, so that the control unit 26 enables the respective switching position of the relay 10 to be held almost without power.

Die Steuereinheit 26 ist kurzschlusssicher und weist eine geschützte Spulenansteuerung, einen Verpolschutz und eine Spulenlöschung auf. Darüber hinaus ist in die Steuereinheit 26 ein Unterspannungsschutz integriert, der das Relais vor unbestimmten Betriebszuständen sichert.The control unit 26 is short-circuit proof and has a protected coil control, reverse polarity protection and coil cancellation. In addition, an undervoltage protection is integrated in the control unit 26, which protects the relay from undefined operating states.

Weiterhin kann die Steuereinheit 26 durch Ansteuergeräte mit niedriger Leistung, beispielsweise durch Bordcomputer in Fahrzeugen, angesteuert werden. Durch die Anordnung der Steuereinheit 26 im Spulengehäuse 14 wird eine kompakte Bauweise des Relais 10 ermöglicht, sodass das erfindungsgemäße Relais 10 ein herkömmliches Relais gleicher Bauart ersetzen kann. Darüber hinaus kann das Relais mit integrierter Steuereinheit dampfstrahldicht ausgeführt sein.Furthermore, the control unit 26 can be controlled by control devices with low power, for example by on-board computers in vehicles. The arrangement of the control unit 26 in the coil housing 14 enables a compact design of the relay 10, so that the relay 10 according to the invention is a conventional relay of the same type can replace. In addition, the relay with an integrated control unit can be made vapor-tight.

Claims (9)

  1. A relay (10) comprising a coil housing (14) having a coil arrangement (22) and a movable armature (24) which, by a magnetic flux which is producible in the coil arrangement (22) by a coil current, permits or interrupts a flow of current via two main contact terminals (16), characterized in that in the coil housing (14) a control unit (26) is provided for controlling the coil current, which control unit (26) is directly arranged on the coil body and prevents a malfunction of the relay in case of relay voltages that are too weak or too high and applied from outside by the control unit outputting an exactly defined coil current to the coil of the relay.
  2. The relay according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (26) is designed on a substantially round circuit board.
  3. The relay according to claim 2, characterized in that the circuit board of the control unit (24) has substantially the same diameter as the coil arrangement (22).
  4. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a coil bond is passed through the circuit board.
  5. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that cushioned contact pins (28.1, 28.2, 28.3) are provided for contacting the control unit.
  6. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relay (10) is designed to be short-circuit-proof.
  7. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relay (10) comprises a mispolarization protector.
  8. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a coil blowout can be performed by the control unit (26) of the relay (10).
  9. The relay according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relay (10) comprises an undervoltage protector.
EP11002955.0A 2010-04-29 2011-04-08 Relay with integrated safety circuit Active EP2383765B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010018755A DE102010018755A1 (en) 2010-04-29 2010-04-29 Relay with integrated safety circuit

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2383765A1 EP2383765A1 (en) 2011-11-02
EP2383765B1 true EP2383765B1 (en) 2020-01-15

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US (1) US20110267158A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2383765B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2737696A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102010018755A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140133109A1 (en) * 2012-10-19 2014-05-15 Dynapar Corporation Field replaceable auxiliary switch and control circuit assembly for an electrical contactor
DE102014007457B3 (en) 2014-05-21 2015-11-19 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Power relay for a vehicle
DE102014007459A1 (en) 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Power relay for a vehicle

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CA2737696A1 (en) 2011-10-29
EP2383765A1 (en) 2011-11-02

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