EP1977433B1 - Cage-type surge arrester - Google Patents

Cage-type surge arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1977433B1
EP1977433B1 EP06830505A EP06830505A EP1977433B1 EP 1977433 B1 EP1977433 B1 EP 1977433B1 EP 06830505 A EP06830505 A EP 06830505A EP 06830505 A EP06830505 A EP 06830505A EP 1977433 B1 EP1977433 B1 EP 1977433B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
hole
end fittings
reinforcing elements
rods
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EP06830505A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1977433A1 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Klaube
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Tridelta Ueberspannungsableiter GmbH
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Tridelta Ueberspannungsableiter GmbH
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Publication of EP1977433A1 publication Critical patent/EP1977433A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with cage design, as for example from the JP 62-149511 (Application number) is known.
  • Surge arresters are connected in power supply systems between live lines and ground to derive in the event of an overvoltage in the line this to ground and to protect other components of the power grid.
  • Such a surge arrester contains a stack of varistor blocks, which is held between two connection elements or end fittings. This arrangement is accommodated in a housing.
  • GRP rods glass fiber reinforced plastic rods
  • a problem with such surge arresters is to securely fasten the reinforcing elements to the end fittings, so that the necessary strength is obtained even in the case of mechanical stresses which occur in the case of surge arresters mounted outdoors.
  • this problem is solved in that in the end fittings grooves in the stacking direction of the varistor blocks are provided, in which the reinforcing elements are inserted, and in that the end of the reinforcing elements is provided with a thread on which a nut is screwed, the in diameter is larger than the.Nut in the end fitting is, and so on Reinforcement - essentially by positive locking - holds.
  • reinforcing elements can be anchored to the end fittings of a surge arrester.
  • this document proposes to hold the reinforcing elements by a pin or a screw which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing elements and is guided through a through hole by the rods. The pin or screw are then held in a corresponding recess or a threaded hole in the valve.
  • the said European patent also shows the possibility to fix the reinforcing elements with wedges in the end fitting.
  • a wedge tapering towards the stack center of the varistor blocks is brought between each reinforcing element and a correspondingly inclined surface of the end fitting, and both are held together by an external part of the end fitting under radial pressure.
  • the wedges are dragged by friction and ensure that the reinforcing elements frictionally or frictionally held between the associated wedge and the end fitting.
  • the reinforcing elements are preferably thin, in cross section circular segment-shaped strips of glass fiber reinforced plastic material, in such a way that the curvature of the glass fiber reinforced reinforcing element corresponds to the radius of curvature of the Varistorblöcke.
  • the publication DE 19940939 shows a further surge arrester according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a surge arrester with cage design, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and is suitable for low-cost mass production.
  • the in Fig. 1 Cage design surge arresters shown include at least one varistor block 1.
  • varistor blocks known ceramic disks having a variable resistor can be used. At low voltages they work as near-perfect insulators, while at high voltages they have good conductivity.
  • Commercially available varistor blocks are manufactured on the basis of zinc oxide (ZnO).
  • ZnO zinc oxide
  • the invention is not limited to such zinc oxide surge arresters, and other metal oxides as well as silicon carbide can be used for the varistor blocks, for example.
  • even more blocks, such as metal blocks or spark gap blocks may be included in the stack, so as to adjust the length of the surge arrester to the requirements of each use.
  • Common varistor blocks 1 are formed as circular cylinders with a diameter of for example 5 cm and a height of about 4 cm. On both sides of the varistor blocks 1 aluminum electrodes not shown in detail are applied to ensure a better contact. It is also customary, between the varistor blocks 1 to further improve the contact also not shown thin aluminum discs or spring elements to lay.
  • FIG Fig. 1 A stack formed by stacking such varistor blocks 1 and any metal blocks is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown surge arrester between two end fittings 3 held.
  • the end fittings are usually formed of aluminum or stainless steel and designed so that they can be easily integrated into existing electrical installations or power grids, for example by one of the surge arrester outstanding central screw 4, which contacts well with the Varistorblöcken 1 well.
  • surge arresters are surrounded by an outer housing 5, often made of silicone.
  • the housing can be formed by spraying or pouring.
  • umbrellas 7 are formed on the outside of the housing.
  • Surge arresters when used in the open environment, are subject to significant bending moments due to the transmission of power through the electrical wires connected to them. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the contacting of the varistor blocks 1 with each other and to the end fittings is maintained even with greater mechanical stresses and edge breakage of the varistor blocks is avoided by an inner Verenciesr two adjacent Varistorblöcke.
  • glass fiber reinforced plastic rods or ropes 9 are clamped as reinforcing elements between the two end fittings 3. These hold the Varistorblöcke 1 between the two end fittings 3 together under tensile stress.
  • spring elements are inserted into the stack of the varistor blocks 1, so as to secure the contact even with temperature fluctuations or the like.
  • rods 9 the anchoring elements will be referred to as rods 9, without any limitation of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an end fitting of a surge arrester according to the invention.
  • the end fitting 3 is formed substantially as a circular-cylindrical block whose diameter is larger than that of the varistor blocks.
  • through holes 11 extending in the stapling direction along the circumference of the end fitting are formed.
  • In the middle of the end fitting in another through hole 25 for the central screw 4, preferably with an internal thread formed.
  • the through-holes 11 deviate from the circular shape in cross-section at least in a subsection, preferably they are widened in the tangent direction on the side of the end fitting facing away from the varistor blocks.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through an end fitting 3 along the line AA in Fig. 2 ,
  • a detail view of such a through-hole 11 is shown in a sectional view along the line BB Fig. 2 in Fig. 4 shown.
  • the through hole 11 has a first conical portion 11b and a second straight portion 11a.
  • the shape of the straight portion 11a is formed in correspondence with the glass fiber reinforced rod 9 to accurately surround it.
  • the through hole in the region of the second portion is circular in cross section.
  • the first portion 11b is conically widened in one direction.
  • an angle of inclination of the conical surfaces an angle of about 5 ° is preferred.
  • a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 9 is received in the through hole 11, and a wedge 13 is driven into the rod 9 in order to split it.
  • the glass fiber reinforced rods at their end faces with a notch into which the wedges are driven during manufacture.
  • an end fitting 3 In the manufacture of an end fitting 3 is first provided with glass fiber reinforced rods 9 and the wedges 13 used. In the "cage" thus formed, the varistor blocks 1 are inserted from the open side, wherein care must be taken that the varistor blocks are arranged centrally and a constant distance between their outer surfaces and the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 is maintained. In the stack of Varistorblöcke one or more disc springs can be inserted. Likewise, control discs and aluminum blocks can adjust the length of the stack according to the intended use.
  • the second end fitting 3 After insertion of the varistor disks and the plate spring, the second end fitting 3 is applied, wherein the glass fiber reinforced rods 9 are guided through the corresponding through holes 11. Subsequently, while the entire stack is pressed together with external force, the wedges 13 are driven into the bars and the screws 4 are inserted through the end fittings 3 for contacting the varistor blocks 1.
  • the glass fiber reinforced rods according to the invention are preferably circular in cross section.
  • the rods 9 can be relatively easily and completely surrounded by the low-viscosity silicone, and the low-viscosity silicone also completely penetrates into the space between the glass-fiber-reinforced rods 9 and the outer surface of the varistor blocks 1.
  • the circular cross section offers the great advantage that there is only a very small area in which the distance between the bars 9 and the varistor blocks 1 is minimal. This small area can easily be filled with the help of common low-viscosity silicones and known injection or casting techniques.
  • Glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 with a circular cross section are commercially available and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • FIG Fig. 5 A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.
  • the through hole 11 has an oval cross section throughout. However, the division of the through-hole 11 into a straight portion 11a and a conical portion 11b is maintained. The two portions 11a and 11b of the through hole of this embodiment differ only in the dimension of the longer axis of the oval.
  • two semicircular glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 are inserted into each through hole 11. Between two bars 9 of a through hole, a gap remains over the entire length of the surge arrester.
  • the size of this gap can be about 5 mm, with larger or smaller gap widths are possible.
  • Such fiberglass reinforced rods 9 of semicircular cross section can be relatively easily formed by selecting a suitable tool in the manufacture of the rods by pulling.
  • the bars 9 and the associated wedge 13 are arranged so that the gap between the two bars 9 of a through-hole 11 runs radially with respect to the stack of the varistor blocks 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design, wie er beispielsweise aus der JP 62-149511 (Anmeldenummer) bekannt ist. Überspannungsableiter werden bei Stromversorgungssystemen zwischen stromführenden Leitungen und Masse geschaltet, um im Fall einer Überspannung in der Leitung diese zur Masse abzuleiten und so andere Bauteile des Stromnetzes zu schützen. Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter enthält einen Stapel aus Varistorblöcken, der zwischen zwei Anschlusselementen bzw. Endarmaturen gehalten ist. Diese Anordnung wird in einem Gehäuse aufgenommen.The invention relates to a surge arrester with cage design, as for example from the JP 62-149511 (Application number) is known. Surge arresters are connected in power supply systems between live lines and ground to derive in the event of an overvoltage in the line this to ground and to protect other components of the power grid. Such a surge arrester contains a stack of varistor blocks, which is held between two connection elements or end fittings. This arrangement is accommodated in a housing.

Um sicherzustellen, dass auch bei mechanischen Belastungen die Varistorblöcke gut miteinander kontaktieren, ist es erforderlich, den Stapel unter Druck zusammenzuhalten. Bei Überspannungsableitern mit Käfig-Design erfolgt dies durch Verstärkungselemente, in der Regel Stäbe oder Seile, vorzugsweise glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe (GFK-Stäbe), die an den beiden Endarmaturen unter Zug gehalten sind.To ensure that the varistor blocks contact each other well even under mechanical loads, it is necessary to hold the stack together under pressure. In surge arresters with cage design, this is done by reinforcing elements, usually rods or ropes, preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic rods (GRP rods), which are held on the two end fittings under train.

Ein Problem bei derartigen Überspannungsableitern besteht darin, die Verstärkungselemente sicher an den Endarmaturen zu befestigen, so dass auch bei mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie bei im Freien montierten Überspannungsableitern auftreten, die nötige Festigkeit erhalten wird.A problem with such surge arresters is to securely fasten the reinforcing elements to the end fittings, so that the necessary strength is obtained even in the case of mechanical stresses which occur in the case of surge arresters mounted outdoors.

In der genannten japanischen Patentanmeldung wird dieses Problem dadurch gelöst, dass in den Endarmaturen Nuten in Stapelrichtung der Varistorblöcke vorgesehen sind, in die die Verstärkungselemente eingelegt werden, und indem das Ende der Verstärkungselemente mit einem Gewinde ausgestattet ist, auf das eine Mutter aufgeschraubt wird, die im Durchmesser größer als die.Nut in der Endarmatur ist, und so das Verstärkungselement - im wesentlichen durch Formschluss - hält.In the said Japanese patent application, this problem is solved in that in the end fittings grooves in the stacking direction of the varistor blocks are provided, in which the reinforcing elements are inserted, and in that the end of the reinforcing elements is provided with a thread on which a nut is screwed, the in diameter is larger than the.Nut in the end fitting is, and so on Reinforcement - essentially by positive locking - holds.

Obwohl auf diese Art ein Überspannungsableiter effektiv ausgebildet werden kann, besteht das Problem darin, Gewinde in die als Verstärkungselemente dienenden GFK-Stäbe zu schneiden, ohne diese zu beschädigen. Dies ist sehr aufwendig und teuer.Although a surge arrester can be effectively formed in this way, the problem is to cut threads into the FRP rods used as reinforcing members without damaging them. This is very expensive and expensive.

Aus dem europäischen Patent EP 0 646 276 (Anmeldenumer 93 915 343.3 ) sind weitere Möglichkeiten bekannt, wie Verstärkungselemente an den Endarmaturen eines Überspannungsableiters verankert werden können. Insbesondere schlägt diese Druckschrift vor, die Verstärkungselemente durch einen Stift bzw. eine Schraube festzuhalten, die sich senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Verstärkungselemente erstreckt und durch ein Durchgangsloch durch die Stäbe geführt wird. Der Stift bzw. die Schraube werden dann in einer entsprechenden Ausnehmung bzw. einem Gewindeloch in der Armatur gehalten.From the European patent EP 0 646 276 (Anmeldenumer 93 915 343.3 ) Further possibilities are known, such as reinforcing elements can be anchored to the end fittings of a surge arrester. In particular, this document proposes to hold the reinforcing elements by a pin or a screw which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing elements and is guided through a through hole by the rods. The pin or screw are then held in a corresponding recess or a threaded hole in the valve.

Obwohl es wesentlich einfacher ist ein Loch in der Richtung senkrecht zur Ausdehnungsrichtung der als Glasverstärkungselemente dienenden GFK-Stäbe auszubilden als ein Gewinde in diese zu schneiden, besteht bei dieser Bauweise die Gefahr, die Verstärkungselemente im Bereich des Loches derart zu schwächen, dass sie reißen.Although it is much easier to form a hole in the direction perpendicular to the direction of expansion of the GFRP rods than glass reinforcing members, it is a risk of weakening the reinforcing members in the region of the hole in such a way that they break.

Das genannte europäische Patent zeigt darüber hinaus auch die Möglichkeit die Verstärkungselemente mit Keilen in der Endarmatur festzulegen. Hierzu wird ein in Richtung der Stapelmitte der Varistorblöcke zulaufender Keil zwischen ein jedes Verstärkungselement und eine entsprechend geneigte Fläche der Endarmatur gebracht und beide zusammen durch einen äußeren Teil der Endarmatur unter radialem Druck zusammengehalten. Bei Zugbeanspruchung auf die Verstärkungselemente werden durch Haftreibung die Keile mitgezogen und sorgen dafür, dass die Verstärkungselemente reib- bzw. kraftschlüssig zwischen dem zugehörigen Keil und der Endarmatur gehalten werden.The said European patent also shows the possibility to fix the reinforcing elements with wedges in the end fitting. For this purpose, a wedge tapering towards the stack center of the varistor blocks is brought between each reinforcing element and a correspondingly inclined surface of the end fitting, and both are held together by an external part of the end fitting under radial pressure. When tensile stress on the reinforcing elements, the wedges are dragged by friction and ensure that the reinforcing elements frictionally or frictionally held between the associated wedge and the end fitting.

Bei diesem vorgeschlagenen Überspannungsableiter sind die Verstärkungselemente vorzugsweise dünne, im Querschnitt kreissegmentförmige Streifen aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoffmaterial, und zwar derart, dass die Krümmung des glasfaserverstärkten Verstärkungselements dem Krümmungsradius der Varistorblöcke entspricht.In this proposed surge arrester, the reinforcing elements are preferably thin, in cross section circular segment-shaped strips of glass fiber reinforced plastic material, in such a way that the curvature of the glass fiber reinforced reinforcing element corresponds to the radius of curvature of the Varistorblöcke.

Diese Bauweise führt bei der Ausbildung des Isolier-gehäuses durch Gießen oder Umspritzen zu Schwierigkeiten, da zwischen dem glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoffelement und den Varistorblöcken leicht Hohlräume verbleiben. In derartigen Hohlräumen kann es zu Teilentladungen mit der damit verbundenen Gefahr der Schädigung der Isolation bei Dauerbeanspruchung durch von der Teilentladungsstelle aus sich entwickelnden Errosionsdurchschlagskanäle und durch zusätzliche Erwärmung kommen.This design leads to difficulties in the formation of the insulating housing by casting or encapsulation, as easily remain between the glass fiber reinforced plastic element and the Varistorblöcken cavities. In such cavities, it may lead to partial discharges with the associated risk of damage to the insulation during continuous stress by the Teilentladungsstelle from developing erosion penetration channels and by additional heating.

Darüber hinaus sind derart geformte glasfaserverstärkte Verstärkungselemente in der Herstellung aufwendig und teuer.In addition, such molded glass fiber reinforced reinforcing elements in the production consuming and expensive.

Die Druckschrift DE 19940939 zeigt einen weiteren Überspannungsableiter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs.The publication DE 19940939 shows a further surge arrester according to the preamble of the main claim.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design bereitzustellen, der die oben genannten Nachteile vermeidet und für eine preiswerte Massenfertigung geeignet ist.The object of the invention is to provide a surge arrester with cage design, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and is suitable for low-cost mass production.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch einen Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen weitere vorteilhafte Aspekte der Erfindung.According to the invention the object is achieved by a surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2. The dependent claims relate to further advantageous aspects of the invention.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung ausführlich unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen beschrieben, in denen zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Gesamtansicht eines gattungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters mit teilweise weggeschnittenem Außengehäuse;
Fig. 2
eine Aufsicht auf die Endarmatur des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters;
Fig. 3
eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie B-B aus Fig. 2 mit eingesetztem Keil; und
Fig. 5
eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie B-B aus Fig. 2 mit eingesetztem Keil gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform.
In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1
an overall view of a generic surge arrester with partially cutaway outer housing;
Fig. 2
a plan view of the end fitting of the surge arrester according to the invention;
Fig. 3
a sectional view taken along the line AA in Fig. 2 ;
Fig. 4
a sectional view taken along the line BB Fig. 2 with inserted wedge; and
Fig. 5
a sectional view taken along the line BB Fig. 2 with inserted wedge according to a second embodiment.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design enthält mindestens einen Varistorblock 1. Als Varistorblöcke 1 können bekannte Keramikscheiben mit einem spannungsabhängigen Widerstand (variable resistor) verwendet werden. Bei niedrigen Spannungen arbeiten sie als nahezu perfekte Isolatoren, während sie bei hoher Spannung eine gute Leitfähigkeit haben. Handelsübliche Varistorblöcke werden auf Grundlage von Zinkoxid (ZnO) hergestellt. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf derartige Zinkoxid-Überspannungsableiter beschränkt, und auch andere Metalloxide und auch Siliziumcarbid können beispielsweise für die Varistorblöcke verwendet werden. Außerdem können zusätzlich zu Varistorblöcken 1 noch weitere Blöcke, etwa Metallblöcke oder Funkenstreckenblöcke in dem Stapel enthalten sein, um so die Länge des Überspannungsableiters an die Erfordernisse des jeweiligen Einsatzes anzupassen.The in Fig. 1 Cage design surge arresters shown include at least one varistor block 1. As the varistor blocks 1, known ceramic disks having a variable resistor can be used. At low voltages they work as near-perfect insulators, while at high voltages they have good conductivity. Commercially available varistor blocks are manufactured on the basis of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, the invention is not limited to such zinc oxide surge arresters, and other metal oxides as well as silicon carbide can be used for the varistor blocks, for example. In addition, in addition to Varistorblöcken 1 even more blocks, such as metal blocks or spark gap blocks may be included in the stack, so as to adjust the length of the surge arrester to the requirements of each use.

Gängige Varistorblöcke 1 sind als Kreiszylinder mit einem Durchmesser von beispielsweise 5 cm und einer Höhe von etwa 4 cm ausgebildet. An beiden Seiten der Varistorblöcken 1 sind nicht detailliert gezeigte Aluminiumelektroden aufgebracht, um eine bessere Kontaktierung sicherzustellen. Auch ist es üblich, zwischen die Varistorblöcke 1 zur weiteren Verbesserung der Kontaktierung ebenfalls nicht gezeigte dünne Aluminiumscheiben oder auch Federelemente zu legen.Common varistor blocks 1 are formed as circular cylinders with a diameter of for example 5 cm and a height of about 4 cm. On both sides of the varistor blocks 1 aluminum electrodes not shown in detail are applied to ensure a better contact. It is also customary, between the varistor blocks 1 to further improve the contact also not shown thin aluminum discs or spring elements to lay.

Ein durch Aufeinanderstapeln derartiger Varistorblöcke 1 und eventueller Metallblöcke gebildeter Stapel ist bei dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Überspannungsableiter zwischen zwei Endarmaturen 3 gehalten. Die Endarmaturen sind üblicherweise aus Aluminium oder Edelstahl gebildet und derart ausgestaltet, dass sie leicht in bestehende elektrische Installationen bzw. Stromversorgungsnetze eingebunden werden können, beispielsweise durch eine aus dem Überspannungsableiter herausragende zentrale Schraube 4, die elektrisch mit den Varistorblöcken 1 gut kontaktiert.A stack formed by stacking such varistor blocks 1 and any metal blocks is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown surge arrester between two end fittings 3 held. The end fittings are usually formed of aluminum or stainless steel and designed so that they can be easily integrated into existing electrical installations or power grids, for example by one of the surge arrester outstanding central screw 4, which contacts well with the Varistorblöcken 1 well.

Zum Schutz gegenüber der Umwelt werden diese Überspannungsableiter mit einem äußeren Gehäuse 5, oft aus Silikon, umgeben. Das Gehäuse kann durch Spritzen oder Gießen gebildet werden.To protect against the environment, these surge arresters are surrounded by an outer housing 5, often made of silicone. The housing can be formed by spraying or pouring.

Zur Vergrößerung des Kriechwegs des Stroms sind an der Außenseite des Gehäuses 5 Schirme 7 ausgebildet.To increase the creepage path of the current 5 umbrellas 7 are formed on the outside of the housing.

Überspannungsableiter sind, wenn sie in der freien Umgebung verwendet werden, aufgrund der Kraftübertragung durch die mit ihnen verbundenen elektrischen Leitungen erheblichen Biegemomenten ausgesetzt. Es ist daher erforderlich sicherzustellen, dass auch bei größeren mechanischen Beanspruchungen die Kontaktierung der Varistorblöcke 1 untereinander und zu den Endarmaturen beibehalten und ein Kantenbruch der Varistorblöcke durch ein inneres Verkannter zweier benachbarter Varistorblöcke vermieden wird. Um dies zu erreichen, werden glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe oder Seile 9 als Verstärkungselemente zwischen den beiden Endarmaturen 3 eingespannt. Diese halten die Varistorblöcke 1 zwischen den beiden Endarmaturen 3 unter Zugbeanspruchung zusammen. Des Weiteren werden gelegentlich noch Federelemente in den Stapel der Varistorblöcke 1 eingefügt, um so auch bei Temperaturschwankungen oder ähnlichem die Kontaktierung zu sichern.Surge arresters, when used in the open environment, are subject to significant bending moments due to the transmission of power through the electrical wires connected to them. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the contacting of the varistor blocks 1 with each other and to the end fittings is maintained even with greater mechanical stresses and edge breakage of the varistor blocks is avoided by an inner Verkannter two adjacent Varistorblöcke. To achieve this, glass fiber reinforced plastic rods or ropes 9 are clamped as reinforcing elements between the two end fittings 3. These hold the Varistorblöcke 1 between the two end fittings 3 together under tensile stress. Furthermore, occasionally spring elements are inserted into the stack of the varistor blocks 1, so as to secure the contact even with temperature fluctuations or the like.

Im Folgenden werden die Verankerungselemente als Stäbe 9 bezeichnet, ohne dass hierin eine Beschränkung der Erfindung zu sehen wäre.Hereinafter, the anchoring elements will be referred to as rods 9, without any limitation of the invention.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine Endarmatur eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters. Die Endarmatur 3 ist im wesentlichen als kreis-zylindrischer Block ausgebildet, dessen Durchmesser größer als der der Varistorblöcke ist. In dem radialen Bereich der Endarmatur, der über die Varistorblöcke hinausragt sind entlang des Umfangs der Endarmatur in Staplerichtung verlaufende Durchgangslöcher 11 ausgebildet. In der Mitte der Endarmatur in ein weiteres Durchgangsloch 25 für die zentrale Schraube 4, vorzugweise mit einem Innengewinde, ausgebildet. Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an end fitting of a surge arrester according to the invention. The end fitting 3 is formed substantially as a circular-cylindrical block whose diameter is larger than that of the varistor blocks. In the radial region of the end fitting, which projects beyond the varistor blocks, through holes 11 extending in the stapling direction along the circumference of the end fitting are formed. In the middle of the end fitting in another through hole 25 for the central screw 4, preferably with an internal thread formed.

Die Durchgangslöcher 11 weichen zumindest in einem Teilabschnitt im Querschnitt von der Kreisform ab, vorzugsweise sind sie in Tangenten-Richtung auf der den Varistorblöcken abgewandten Seite der Endarmatur geweitet.The through-holes 11 deviate from the circular shape in cross-section at least in a subsection, preferably they are widened in the tangent direction on the side of the end fitting facing away from the varistor blocks.

In der gezeigten Ausführungsform sind acht Durchgangslöcher gezeigt, aber auch jede andre Anzahl ist möglich, etwa drei oder vier Durchgangslöcher 11.In the embodiment shown, eight through holes are shown, but any other number is possible, such as three or four through holes 11.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Endarmatur 3 entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a cross section through an end fitting 3 along the line AA in Fig. 2 ,

Eine Detailansicht eines derartigen Durchgangslochs 11 ist in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Linie B-B aus Fig. 2 in Fig. 4 gezeigt.A detail view of such a through-hole 11 is shown in a sectional view along the line BB Fig. 2 in Fig. 4 shown.

Wie hier zu erkennen ist, weist das Durchgangsloch 11 einen ersten konischen Abschnitt 11b und einen zweiten gerade verlaufenden Abschnitt 11a auf. Die Form des geraden Abschnitts 11a ist entsprechend dem glasfaserverstärkten Stab 9 ausgebildet, um diesen passgenau zu umgeben. Vorzugweise ist das Durchgangsloch im Bereich des zweiten Abschnitts im Querschnitt kreisförmig.As can be seen here, the through hole 11 has a first conical portion 11b and a second straight portion 11a. The shape of the straight portion 11a is formed in correspondence with the glass fiber reinforced rod 9 to accurately surround it. Preferably, the through hole in the region of the second portion is circular in cross section.

Der erste Abschnitt 11b ist in einer Richtung konisch geweitet. Als Neigungswinkel der konischen Flächen ist ein Winkel von ca. 5° bevorzugt.The first portion 11b is conically widened in one direction. As the angle of inclination of the conical surfaces, an angle of about 5 ° is preferred.

Wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, wird ein glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoffstab 9 in der Durchgangsbohrung 11 aufgenommen, und ein Keil 13 wird in den Stab 9 hineingetrieben, um diesen zu spalten.As in Fig. 4 is shown, a glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 9 is received in the through hole 11, and a wedge 13 is driven into the rod 9 in order to split it.

Auf diese Art werden entlang des Umfangs der Varistorblöcke mehrere glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe sowohl an den Endarmatur 3 an beiden Seiten des Varistorblockstapels mit den Keilen 13 befestigt.In this way, a plurality of glass fiber reinforced plastic rods are attached to the end fitting 3 on both sides of the Varistorblockstapels with the wedges 13 along the circumference of the varistor blocks.

Um das Einsetzen der Keile zu erleichtern ist es möglich, die glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe an ihren Endflächen mit einer Kerbe zu versehen, in die die Keile bei der Herstellung eingetrieben werden.In order to facilitate the insertion of the wedges, it is possible to provide the glass fiber reinforced rods at their end faces with a notch into which the wedges are driven during manufacture.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Bauweise der Endarmaturen 3 mit ihren Durchgangslöchern 11 und dem konischen Abschnitt 11b in Zusammenwirken mit dem Keil 13 und den glasfaserverstärkten Stäben 9 wird erreicht, dass die beiden Hälften des glasfaserverstärkten Stabes 9 im Bereich, in dem dieser gespalten ist, fest gegen die schräg verlaufenden Seitenwände des konischen Abschnitts 11d angepresst werden. Unter Zugbelastung der glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstäbe 9 zieht sich diese Keilverbindung immer weiter zu und hält den Glasfaserverstärkten Stab kraftschlüssig in dem Durchgangsloch 11 der Endarmatur 3. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass auf diese Art eine Befestigung der glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe 9 in den Endarmaturen 3 möglich ist, die einen sicheren Halt bis zur Zerreißgrenze der glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe 9 gewährleistet.The inventive design of the end fittings 3 with their through holes 11 and the conical portion 11b in cooperation with the wedge 13 and the glass fiber reinforced rods 9 ensures that the two halves of the glass fiber reinforced rod 9 in the area in which it is split, firmly against the obliquely extending side walls of the conical portion 11d are pressed. Under tensile load of the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9, this splined connection continues to tighten and holds the glass fiber reinforced rod frictionally in the through hole 11 of the end fitting 3. Experiments have shown that in this way an attachment of the glass fiber reinforced rods 9 in the end fittings 3 is possible, the one ensures secure hold to the breaking point of the glass fiber reinforced rods 9.

Um die Verbindung zwischen dem Keil 13 und den glasfaserverstärkten Stäben 9 zu erhöhen ist es möglich, auf den Keilflächen des Keils 13 Schneidkanten senkrecht zur Stabrichtung des glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstabs 9 auszubilden, die in den glasfaserverstärkten Stab 9 bei Belastung einschneiden.In order to increase the connection between the wedge 13 and the glass fiber reinforced rods 9, it is possible to form on the wedge surfaces of the wedge 13 cutting edges perpendicular to the rod direction of the glass fiber reinforced plastic rod 9, which cut into the glass fiber reinforced rod 9 under load.

Um die Keilverbindung und den gesamten Überspannungsableiter vor Feuchtigkeit zu schützen, ist es möglich, das Durchgangsloch 11 nach dem Einsetzen der Stäbe und der Keile mit Silikonmasse dicht zu verschließen.In order to protect the wedge connection and the entire surge arrester from moisture, it is possible to seal the through hole 11 tightly after insertion of the rods and the wedges with silicone compound.

Bei der Herstellung wird zunächst eine Endarmatur 3 mit glasfaserverstärkten Stäben 9 versehen und die Keile 13 eingesetzt. In dem so gebildeten "Käfig" werden von der offenen Seite her die Varistorblöcke 1 eingesetzt, wobei darauf zu achten ist, dass die Varistorblöcke zentrisch angeordnet sind und eine konstanten Abstand zwischen ihren Außenflächen und den glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstäben 9 beibehalten wird. In dem Stapel der Varistorblöcke kann eine oder mehrere Tellerfedern eingefügt werden. Ebenso können Steuerscheiben und Aluminiumblöcke die Länge des Stapels entsprechend dem geplanten Einsatz anpassen.In the manufacture of an end fitting 3 is first provided with glass fiber reinforced rods 9 and the wedges 13 used. In the "cage" thus formed, the varistor blocks 1 are inserted from the open side, wherein care must be taken that the varistor blocks are arranged centrally and a constant distance between their outer surfaces and the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 is maintained. In the stack of Varistorblöcke one or more disc springs can be inserted. Likewise, control discs and aluminum blocks can adjust the length of the stack according to the intended use.

Nach dem Einführen der Varistorscheiben und der Tellerfeder wird die zweite Endarmatur 3 aufgebracht, wobei die glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe 9 durch die entsprechenden Durchgangslöcher 11 geführt werden. Anschließend werden, während der gesamte Stapel mit Kraft von außen zusammengepreßt wird, die Keile 13 in die Stäbe getrieben und die Schrauben 4 durch die Endarmaturen 3 zur Kontaktierung der Varistorblöcke 1 eingebracht.After insertion of the varistor disks and the plate spring, the second end fitting 3 is applied, wherein the glass fiber reinforced rods 9 are guided through the corresponding through holes 11. Subsequently, while the entire stack is pressed together with external force, the wedges 13 are driven into the bars and the screws 4 are inserted through the end fittings 3 for contacting the varistor blocks 1.

Der so gebildete Käfig mit darin aufgenommenen Varistorblöcken 1 wird in eine Form gelegt und mit einem niederviskosen Silikon umgossen bzw. umspritzt, um das Außengehäuse 5 gegebenenfalls mit den Schirmen 7 zu bilden. Wie gezeigt, sind die erfindungsgemäßen glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe vorzugsweise im Querschnitt kreisförmig. Dies führt dazu, dass die Stäbe 9 relativ leicht und vollständig mit dem niederviskosen Silikon umgeben werden können, und dass das niederviskose Silikon auch in den Zwischenraum zwischen den glasfaserverstärkten Stäben 9 und der Außenfläche der Varistorblocke 1 vollständig eindringt. Im Vergleich mit dem kreissegmentförmigen Querschnitt des Stands der Technik bietet der kreisrunde Querschnitt den großen Vorteil, dass es nur einen sehr kleinen Bereich gibt, in dem der Abstand zwischen den Stäben 9 und den Varistorblöcken 1 minimal ist. Dieser kleine Bereich kann problemlos mit Hilfe der gängigen niederviskosen Silikone und bekannter Spritz- bzw. Gußtechniken gefüllt werden.The thus formed cage with varistor blocks 1 accommodated therein is placed in a mold and encapsulated or encapsulated with a low-viscosity silicone in order to optionally form the outer housing 5 with the shields 7. As shown, the glass fiber reinforced rods according to the invention are preferably circular in cross section. As a result, the rods 9 can be relatively easily and completely surrounded by the low-viscosity silicone, and the low-viscosity silicone also completely penetrates into the space between the glass-fiber-reinforced rods 9 and the outer surface of the varistor blocks 1. Compared with the circular segment-shaped cross section of the prior art, the circular cross section offers the great advantage that there is only a very small area in which the distance between the bars 9 and the varistor blocks 1 is minimal. This small area can easily be filled with the help of common low-viscosity silicones and known injection or casting techniques.

Glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe 9 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt sind handelsüblich und preiswert in der Herstellung.Glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 with a circular cross section are commercially available and inexpensive to manufacture.

Eine zweite erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform ist in Fig. 5 gezeigt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform hat das Durchgangsloch 11 durchgehend einen ovalen Querschnitt. Die Aufteilung des Durchgangslochs 11 in einen geraden Abschnitt 11a und einen konischen Abschnitt 11b wird jedoch beibehalten. Die beiden Abschnitte 11a und 11b des Durchgangslochs dieser Ausführungsform unterscheiden sich nur in der Abmessung der längeren Achse des Ovals.A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown. In this embodiment, the through hole 11 has an oval cross section throughout. However, the division of the through-hole 11 into a straight portion 11a and a conical portion 11b is maintained. The two portions 11a and 11b of the through hole of this embodiment differ only in the dimension of the longer axis of the oval.

Gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform werden in jedes Durchgangsloch 11 zwei halbkreisförmige glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe 9 eingesetzt. Zwischen zwei Stäben 9 eines Durchgangslochs bleibt über die gesamte Länge des Überspannungsableiters ein Spalt. Die Größe dieses Spaltes kann etwa 5 mm betragen, wobei auch größere oder kleinere Spaltweiten möglich sind..According to the second embodiment, two semicircular glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 are inserted into each through hole 11. Between two bars 9 of a through hole, a gap remains over the entire length of the surge arrester. The size of this gap can be about 5 mm, with larger or smaller gap widths are possible.

Derartige glasfaserverstärkte Stäbe 9 mit halbkreisförmigem Querschnitt können durch Wahl eines geeigneten Werkzeuges bei der Herstellung der Stäbe durch Ziehen relativ einfach gebildet werden. Erfindungsgemäß sind bei dieser Ausführungsform die Stäbe 9 und der zugehörige Keil 13 so angeordnet, dass der Spalt zwischen den beiden Stäben 9 eines Durchgangslochs 11 radial in bezug auf den Stapel der Varistorblöcke 1 verläuft.Such fiberglass reinforced rods 9 of semicircular cross section can be relatively easily formed by selecting a suitable tool in the manufacture of the rods by pulling. According to the invention, in this embodiment, the bars 9 and the associated wedge 13 are arranged so that the gap between the two bars 9 of a through-hole 11 runs radially with respect to the stack of the varistor blocks 1.

Dies hat den Vorteil, dass beim Ausbilden des Außengehäuses das niederviskose Silikon besser und effektiver in den Zwischenraum zwischen den Stäben 9 und den Varistorblöcken 1 eindringen kann.This has the advantage that when forming the outer housing, the low-viscosity silicone can penetrate better and more effectively into the space between the rods 9 and the Varistorblöcken 1.

Wie bei der ersten Ausführungsform ist es möglich, auch bei dieser Ausführungsform den Keil 13 mit entsprechenden Schneidkanten zu versehen, um die Verbindungskraft zwischen dem Keil 13 und den glasfaserverstärkten Stäben 9 zu erhöhen.As in the first embodiment, it is possible to provide the wedge 13 with corresponding cutting edges also in this embodiment in order to increase the connection force between the wedge 13 and the glass fiber reinforced rods 9.

Tests haben auch bei dieser Ausführungsform ergeben, dass die Keilverbindung der glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstäbe 9 mit der Endarmatur 3 bis zur Zerreißgrenze der glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe 9 hält. Die Ausbildung in zwei halbkreisförmige glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe 9 im Voraus, gegenüber den Spalten eines einzelnen Stabes 9 mit einem Keil gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform, bietet den Vorteil, dass eine Beschädigung der Stäbe 9 vermieden werden kann.Tests have also shown in this embodiment that the wedge connection of the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 holds with the end fitting 3 to the breaking point of the glass fiber reinforced rods 9. The formation in two semicircular glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 in advance, opposite to the gaps of a single rod 9 with a wedge according to the first embodiment, offers the advantage that damage to the rods 9 can be avoided.

Obwohl die bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung vorangehend beschrieben wurden, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsformen beschränkt, sondern durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 bzw. 2 definiert. Insbesondere besteht keine Notwendigkeit, die glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffstäbe 9 in beiden Endarmaturen 3 auf die gleiche Art und Weise zu befestigen. Beispielsweise können anstelle von glasfaserverstärkten Stäben 9 auch "Seile" verwendet werden, wobei diese bei einer der Endarmaturen zur Verankerung über eine Schulter geführt werden, und nur bei der gegenüberliegenden Endarmatur mit den erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungselementen befestigt werden.Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, the invention is not limited to these embodiments but is defined by the features of independent claims 1 and 2, respectively. In particular, there is no need for the glass fiber reinforced plastic rods 9 in two end fittings 3 in the same way to fix. For example, instead of glass fiber reinforced rods 9 "ropes" can be used, which are performed at one of the end fittings for anchoring over a shoulder, and are attached only at the opposite end fitting with the anchoring elements of the invention.

Claims (7)

  1. Surge arrester having:
    at least one varistor block (1);
    two end fittings (3), which are arranged on opposite sides of the varistor block (1);
    at least one reinforcing element (9) which holds the varistor block (1) and the end fittings (3) together;
    at least one anchoring element (13), which holds the reinforcing element (9) in a hole (11) through at least one of the end fittings (3);
    characterized in that
    the anchoring element (13) is a wedge which splits the reinforcing element (9) in its longitudinal direction and braces it against the outer walls of the through-hole (11).
  2. Surge arrester having:
    at least one varistor block (1);
    two end fittings (3), which are arranged on opposite sides of the varistor block (1);
    at least two reinforcing elements (9) which hold the varistor block (1) and the end fittings (3) together;
    at least one anchoring element (13), which holds the reinforcing element (9) in a hole (11) through at least one of the end fittings (3);
    characterized in that
    at least two reinforcing elements (9) are held in the hole (11) through one end fitting (3), with the anchoring element (13) being a common wedge which braces the reinforcing elements (9) in one through-hole (11) against one another and against the outer walls of the through-hole (11).
  3. Surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the varistor block or blocks is or are formed from a metal oxide, preferably from zinc oxide.
  4. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the end fittings (3) are formed from a metal, preferably from aluminium.
  5. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the surge arrester has a housing (5) with screens (7).
  6. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the outer housing (5) is formed by spraying or casting with a low-viscosity silicone.
  7. Surge arrester according to claim 2,
    characterized by
    two reinforcing elements (9) which are held in a through-hole (11), the two reinforcing elements (9) being glass-fibre-reinforced reinforcing elements and a gap being provided over the entire length of the surge arrester between the two glass-fibre reinforced reinforcing elements (9).
EP06830505A 2006-01-25 2006-12-11 Cage-type surge arrester Active EP1977433B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006003576A DE102006003576B4 (en) 2006-01-25 2006-01-25 Surge arrester with cage design
PCT/EP2006/069532 WO2007085325A1 (en) 2006-01-25 2006-12-11 Cage-type surge arrester

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1977433A1 EP1977433A1 (en) 2008-10-08
EP1977433B1 true EP1977433B1 (en) 2009-06-03

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US (1) US8064181B2 (en)
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JP (1) JP4865815B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100995167B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101336458B (en)
AR (1) AR059151A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE433190T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2006336936B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0621240A2 (en)
DE (2) DE102006003576B4 (en)
HK (1) HK1126311A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2008009553A (en)
RU (1) RU2370841C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007085325A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200805316B (en)

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DE102006003576B4 (en) 2007-10-25
HK1126311A1 (en) 2009-08-28
JP4865815B2 (en) 2012-02-01
AR059151A1 (en) 2008-03-12
ZA200805316B (en) 2009-03-25
AU2006336936B2 (en) 2013-03-07
AU2006336936A1 (en) 2007-08-02
DE102006003576A1 (en) 2007-08-09
MX2008009553A (en) 2008-10-20
US8064181B2 (en) 2011-11-22
US20090225487A1 (en) 2009-09-10
CN101336458A (en) 2008-12-31
CN101336458B (en) 2012-03-07
ATE433190T1 (en) 2009-06-15
JP2009524261A (en) 2009-06-25
KR20080080231A (en) 2008-09-02
KR100995167B1 (en) 2010-11-17
EP1977433A1 (en) 2008-10-08
RU2370841C1 (en) 2009-10-20
BRPI0621240A2 (en) 2011-12-06
DE502006003917D1 (en) 2009-07-16
WO2007085325A1 (en) 2007-08-02

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