EP1890092B1 - Fire place for solid fuel for the heating of a room and remote rooms as for heating of sanitary water. - Google Patents

Abstract

The furnace has an upper combustion chamber (1) and a lower combustion chamber (2), a combustion chamber ceiling and an exhaust water heat exchanger, which is installed in the furnace rear wall and at the combustion chamber ceiling. The furnace external walls are not stripped and radiate the warmth. The combustion chambers are provided with visible fire by two glassed doors (1a,1b) which radiate the warmth into the combustion chamber. An air gap is admitted in the furnace rear wall, which obtains the warmth from the two combustion chambers and streams out the passing hot air.

Description

The invention relates to a living room stove for solid fuel for sanitary water heating by means of a boiler and for space heating via furnace radiation heat, on request blow-forced hot air and mainly on heating water by means of radiators; with an upper combustion chamber or Holzfüllraum above the grate floor, and with the actual combustion chamber or Holzgasverbrennungsraum under the grate floor, with primary and secondary combustion air supply, and activated with exhaust gas discharge alone through the natural chimney flue, without exhaust fan, because this would interfere in the living room.

Are known residential furnaces with boiler function (water heating), where the water heat exchanger is fixed to the combustion chamber or the side walls and is heated by the direct combustion chamber fire, with and without visible fire.

So-called wood gasification furnaces are known without visible fire, which are mounted in the boiler room and discharge the exhaust gases electronically controlled by means of a fan. All jacket walls and also the front door are heat-insulated without radiation; only the boiler water is heated up.

The DE-U-20203110 shows a furnace according to the preamble of claim 1.

The object of the invention is an oven that is mainly placed in a living room, twice visible fire, this room with radiant heat and hot air heats directly and can supply the remaining rooms of the house by means of hot water with sanitary hot water and space heating, and so on high efficiency and clean exhaust gas combustion in relation to CO, CO2, HC, dust has to meet the required standards for approvals and contribution subsidies; that he also works without disturbing exhaust fan, and works without electronics, ie waived these. If the chimney draft in a house is very bad, of course, an exhaust fan can be used.

This goal is achieved with a built-in replaceable flue gas heat exchanger and its efficient, ideally metered, post combustion combustion system, which is activated and maintained by natural draft alone.

By passing the hot through afterburning clean exhaust gases to the water pockets of the flue gas heat exchanger whose heating water is heated, which heats the radiator remote rooms and a boiler or boiler heat exchanger sanitary hot water.

In order to achieve a high efficiency and residue-free and clean combustion of fuels with a residential furnace, they are specifically where the combustion happens, supplied with primary and secondary air, and burned in a lower combustion chamber at high temperature development before the exhaust gases Run through the water heat exchanger and heat up the heating water.

The wood and other solid fuels are ignited in the upper combustion chamber. In order to get the natural chimney draft necessary for the flue gas afterburning, and to build up an ember bed for the wood gasification, first a direct flue is opened from the upper combustion chamber in the direction of the chimney and the chimney is heated.

So that the exhaust gases do not get too hot into the chimney with the damper open in the heating chamfer, and thus no smoke is emitted when opening the upper door for adding wood, under the upper combustion chamber and under the upper combustion chamber Rotary flap attached to a smoke deflector, which sucks the exhaust backwards to the opening of the baffle with open rotary flap. If a high temperature is required for cooking on the stove top, a window can be opened under the rotary flap in the guide plate.

When the chimney "pulls" enough and a little embers have formed, the direct exhaust flap is hermetically closed. The exhaust gases are now sucked by the natural chimney draft through the embers on the grate and the nozzle openings to the lower combustion chamber. Before that, they are supplied with primary air at the staircase grate. In the nozzles directly secondary air is fed, which is saturated with the glowing fuel gases to a flammable gas-air mixture and burns high temperature in the lower combustion chamber. The fuel gases are burned much more intensively and cleanly than in traditional home furnaces, where a large part escapes dirty, unburned and unused to the chimney.

The hot exhaust gases flow in the lower combustion chamber to the rear and are sucked at the end of the tunnel through a glowing stone or metal grid and distributed over the entire width of the furnace. On the back wall of the oven, two or three bottom-up water pockets with ribs and intermediate gas gap are installed across the width of the oven, opening into two horizontal water pockets at the top. The hot exhaust gases heat up the heating water on the long way between the vertically and horizontally arranged water pockets and get into the chimney with a great deal of cooling. This ensures efficient water heating and a high efficiency of the stove.

The hot exhaust gases of the rear ascending gas gap also heat the air, which flows in a gap behind it on request ventilatorforciert up and for fast and large-area warm air space heating ensures. The blower sits in the cool kiln base area at the very back.
The combustion air for the upper combustion chamber where the wood combustion and outgassing takes place and for the secondary feed directly into the gas combustion nozzles is guided so that it first cools the furnace base. It is sucked across the space in the furnace base and taken on a laterally down the oven mounted thermostat controlled rocker flap and sent to a Rundumkanal behind the oven door edge, right up above the door to the left, left down and under the oven door to the right. Part of the air flows out of slits of the all-around channel and serves primarily for glass rinsing and secondarily for combustion. The largest part flows out of the lower transverse channel under the staircase-shaped furnace grate and is available on the entire combustion chamber floor to the overlying combustion material for combustion. From the lower transverse channel, secondary air can also be metered directly into the gas combustion nozzles.

The combustion can be observed twice, in the upper combustion chamber and in the lower combustion chamber, through heat-resistant glass.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt des Ofens

Fig. 2

einen Längsschnitt des Ofens

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht der Verbrennungsdüse

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch die Gasverbrennungsdüse und durch den Treppenrost

Fig. 5

einen Längsschnitt druch die Gasverbrennungsdüse

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1

a cross section of the furnace

Fig. 2

a longitudinal section of the furnace

Fig. 3

a top view of the combustion nozzle

Fig. 4

a cross section through the gas combustion nozzle and through the staircase grate

Fig. 5

a longitudinal section through the gas combustion nozzle

The furnace in the embodiment shown has an upper combustion chamber (1) with front door (1a) with heat-resistant glass and with a lateral metal shell with refractory inner lining (1c). Downwards it ends centrally on the gas combustion nozzles (3) and laterally on the Stairs (7) with underlying intermediate ash compartments (7d) which rest on the kiln intermediate floor (9). The combustion chamber headliner is formed by a water pocket (4a) which runs forwards from the furnace rear wall over the entire width of the furnace and ends with a transverse opening with a rotary flap (6). Following this, the combustion headliner ends at the front with the upper transverse duct of the air all-round duct (8e), which has downwards air outlet slots and air ducts.

An essential part of the furnace with boiler function is the flue gas water heat exchanger (4, 4a, 4b, 5), which is introduced interchangeably through the lateral furnace shell. It consists of two (or three) vertical water pockets (4) with intermediate exhaust gap (5) on the furnace back wall, which occupy the entire width of the furnace and down from the ceiling of the lower combustion chamber (2) up to the top of the combustion chamber, where in two horizontally pass forward continuing water pockets (4a, 4b), in front of the lower front transverse an opening with rotary flap (6) is installed. The lower horizontal water pocket (4a) is centrally connected to a connecting tube with the upper slightly shorter water pocket (4b).

Instead of these described water bags, we also use water bags, where the exhaust gas passes through rectangular, oval or round pipes and the outside of the pipes, installed in a shell, are completely surrounded by heating water.

To supply the furnace with combustion air, an opening with a thermostatically controlled rotary flap (8a) is provided at the bottom of the furnace at the bottom. The opening leads into an inner, laterally extending, forwardly extending channel (8b), which opens into an all-round channel at the front, which leads upwards to the right behind the oven door edge, runs to the left above the door (1a) (8e), where it opens into a drainage channel and continues under the door into a cross channel to the right and ends there (8d). The all-round channel has slots towards the oven door glass for warm air outlet for glass rinsing and primary combustion. The lower transverse channel (8d) has to the two air ducts below the step grids (7) out openings for the primary air supply (on request with primary air dampers) and he has metered openings for secondary air supply directly into the gas combustion nozzles Fig. 4 (3) (3d) (3d-3b).
To collect the ashes falling through the staircase grate (7), ash containers are inserted into the two shafts (7d).

For the purpose of rapid heating of the furnace installation space, an air gap (10) is provided in the furnace rear wall, which opens at the furnace base in the hot air fan (10a) and exits the top of the ceiling of the furnace.

At the top of the stove above the flap (6) is a removable hotplate (11) for cooking and warming. It also serves to clean the upper horizontal exhaust ducts (5a) after removal.

To clean the vertical gas slots (5), the lid (5c) can be opened.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 show a plan view, a cross section and a longitudinal section of the gas combustion nozzles (3), Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the stair grate (7) and the gas combustion nozzle (3).

The gas combustion nozzle (3) is a rectangular metal body with a central rectangular slot as seen from above Fig. 3 , In the length of the slot, the nozzle body towards its slot center has a gable (3a), which looks like a house gable in profile, Fig. 4 , On the back side (underside) are outside the narrow sides of the slot two continuous channels (3d) Fig. 3, Fig. 4 , whose two side walls ends on the combustion chamber floor (9) Fig. 1 +2 rest. Of the two channels (3d) lead small openings in the central nozzle shaft (3d-3b).

Fig. 4 shows that the short sides of the rectangular nozzle shaft from the lower corners of the gable (3a) down initially straight (3b), then conically convergent (3c) and last straight again. Fig. 5 shows that the long sides of the nozzle shaft below the gable (3a) initially straight (3b) then conically convergent (3c) and last straight again. Seen from front to back, the stove has a series of gas combustion nozzles in a row Fig. 3 ,

To the left and right of the gas combustion nozzles (3), the furnace has a staircase-shaped grate over its entire combustion chamber depth Fig. 4 (7) whose inclined towards the furnace axis steps (7a) descend to the local gas combustion nozzles out. Lying on the step edges extend straight from top to bottom connecting rods (7c). From the air shafts (7d) under the stair grate (7) through the air gaps between the steps (7a), the gas combustion nozzles suck the shortest route to the combustion air to glowing fuel and thus ensure a flammable air-gas mixture with effective clean combustion.

The burning process in the lower combustion chamber (2) can be observed through the glazed door (1b). After opening this door (1b), the ash can be removed there.

To observe the firing process or outgassing in the upper combustion chamber (1), the upper front door (1a) is also provided with a glass pane.

In the rearmost area of the lower combustion chamber, the furnace has an interchangeable grid (2a) of highly refractory bricks or metals or special metals, the gas gaps being dimensioned according to the kiln train.

Claims (7)

1. Living room stove for solid fuels for heating a living room, the living room stove including an upper (1) and a lower (2) combustion chamber, a combustion chamber head, a combustion air supply arrangement, a stove grate (7) as fuel rest, combustion nozzles (3), an exhaust gas device (12), wherein the external walls of the stove are not insulated and radiate the heat, the living room stove comprises two combustion chambers with a visible fire and two glazed doors (1a, 1b) which also radiate the heat in the combustion chamber, the living room stove heats the living room by the radiant heat of the stove, and the living room stove comprises a wood gas afterburning system with natural draught, characterized in that an air gap (10) is recessed in the back wall of the stove which draws heat from the two combustion chambers (1, 2) and the hot air passing through escapes upwards, if desired forced by a fan, that an exhaust gas-water heat exchanger (4, 4a, 4b, 5) is installed in the back wall of the stove and at the combustion chamber head so as to be exchangeable, and the heating of rooms remote from the living room as well as the sanitary hot water is accomplished by the hot water-exhaust gas heat exchanger (4, 4a, 4b, 5).
2. Living room stove according to claim 1,
   characterized in that the combustion air supply is provided by the air admission through an opening with a thermostat-controlled flap (8a) laterally at the stove base (8a), wherein the air is sucked in from a space in the stove base (8a'), flows further into an internal channel leading laterally to the front, there advances into a surrounding channel behind the upper stove door edge (8b) (8c) (8e) (8d), partially flows out of the surrounding channel through small slots towards the glazed door (1a) and is largely fed from the lower cross channel of the surrounding channel (8d) under the stepped grate (7) in a dosed manner, and directly into the gas combustion nozzles (3) under valve control.
3. Living room stove according to claim 2,
   characterized in that the stove grate (7) is provided as fuel rest at the upper combustion chamber bottom (9) for selective combustion air supply to the fuel, where this grate (7) is not a common known cast grate but is embodied as stepped grate (7) of which the steps (7a) descent from the external walls of the stove to the axial gas combustion nozzles (3), where the individual steps (7a) are connected to each other by means of cross ribs (7c), and where the combustion air drawn in the front from the frontal cross channel (8d) is sucked in through the steps (7a) and the cross ribs (7d) in the horizontal direction to the fuel and to the gas combustion nozzles.
4. Living room stove according to claims 1-3,
   characterized in that the gas combustion nozzles act as transition openings from the upper combustion chamber (1) (wood gasification chamber) to the lower combustion chamber (2), where, seen from above, the nozzle body is a rectangular metal body with a centrical rectangular slot, where furthermore the nozzle body comprises at both sides a gable (3a) in the length of the slot towards the slot centre which is similar to the gable of a house, seen from the side (3a); furthermore the body comprises on the rear side outside the narrow sides of the slot two continuous channels (3d) of which the side edge ends rest on the combustion chamber bottom (9), where two openings lead from the two channels (3d) into the central nozzle shaft, furthermore the nozzle shaft extends conically divergently from the top to the bottom in the region of the gable (3a), then extends on all four inner surfaces over approximately half the total length in a straight line (3b), and in the lower half conically (3c) converging, and in the last portion in a straight line.
5. Living room stove according to claims 1-4,
   characterized in that the exhaust gas-water heat exchanger (4, 4a, 4b, 5) is installed through the lateral stove shell into the stove in an exchangeable manner for a heating boiler function, that the exhaust gas-water heat exchanger (4, 4a, 4b, 5) consists of two or several vertical and horizontal water bags (4, 4a, 4b) with an exhaust gas gap (5) situated between them or outside, takes the complete stove width at the back wall of the stove as well as under the stove roof and reaches at the bottom from the roof of the lower combustion chamber (2) to the top to the combustion chamber head, where the vertical channels (4) pass over into two horizontal water bags (4a) (4b), which horizontally reach to the front to an exhaust gas flap (6) and which centrically comprise a connection pipe; that as the heat exchanger, instead of the water bags with gaps (5) situated between them or outside, water bags can also be used as an alternative where the exhaust gas passes through rectangular, oval or round pipes and the pipes are installed in an envelope and heating water flows all around them, where the vertical and horizontal exhaust gas channels (5) and pipes can be cleaned from above through openings with removable lids (5c) (11).
6. Living room stove according to claims 1-5,
   characterized in that a multifunction exhaust gas guide device (6) is provided by a direct exhaust gas escape flap (6) at the front at the combustion chamber head (4a) behind the air channel (8e), with a guide plate (1d) which is fixed under the flap opening (6) and under the combustion chamber head (4a) at both sides and at the front of the stove, tightly closes at the front up to the roof including the flap opening, ends at the rear somewhat before the back wall, where the guide plate (1d) comprises, under the flap region (6), an opening and lids that are sliding and removable on the same for cleaning and for the cooker function, where, when the guide plate (1d) is closed, the exhaust gases flow away from the door (1a) backwards and the exhaust gas temperature is also reduced in the process.
7. Living room stove according to claims 1-6,
   characterized in that a stone or metal grid (2a) is provided at the rear end of the lower combustion chamber (2) which permits control of the exhaust gas draught and the exhaust gas afterburning.

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