EP1685224A1

EP1685224A1 - Soluble builder system

Info

Publication number: EP1685224A1
Application number: EP04765743A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rene-Andres Artiga Gonzalez; Heike Schirmer-Ditze; Kathrin Schnepp-Hentrich; Heinz-Jürgen VÖLKEL
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 2003-11-21
Filing date: 2004-10-01
Publication date: 2006-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2024-10-01
Also published as: US20060281665A1; DE10354561A1; WO2005052105A1; JP2007511647A; EP1685224B1; PL1685224T3

Abstract

The invention relates to an essentially aluminosilicate-free soluble builder system having the following constituents: alkali carbonate, (co)polymeric polycarboxylate and a cationic surfactant. The invention also relates to agents of this type and to detergents and cleansers containing these agents.

Description

Soluble builder system

This invention relates to a substantially aluminosilicate-free, soluble builder system comprising the ingredients alkali carbonate, (co) polymeric polycarboxylate and cationic surfactant, and the use of such agents, as well as detergents and cleaners containing these agents.

Builders or builder systems perform a variety of tasks in detergents and cleaning products, which are subject to increasing change as a result of constant changes in the composition, the supply forms and, ultimately, the production of detergents. Up to about 60% by weight of builder substances can be present in modern detergents so that they undoubtedly rank among the most important classes of substances for the construction of detergents and cleaners.

Due to the existing variety of detergent systems, the tasks of the builders are varied and not fully definable. The usual main tasks, however, are well described. Worth mentioning here are above all the water softening, the reinforcement of the washing effect, a grayness inhibition and the dirt dispersion. In addition, builders should as a rule contribute to the alkalinity necessary for the washing process, show a high absorption capacity for surfactants, improve the effectiveness of the surfactants, make positive contributions to the properties of the solid products, for example in powder form, and thus contribute to structuring or also the dust problem reduce. These different requirements can usually not be satisfied with only one builder component alone or only very inadequately, so that as a rule a system of builders and co-buildem must be used.

In the meantime, the three-dimensionally crosslinked, water-insoluble sodium aluminosilicate zeolite NaA has become widely accepted, in particular with regard to textile detergent formulations. However, the co-use of so-called co-builders is necessary here to a considerable extent, in particular in the context of textile detergents, in particular in order to counteract undesired incrustations. Accordingly, to a considerable extent, together with zeolite NaA, polymeric polycarboxylates, in particular dere copolymers based on acrylic acid and maleic acid with molecular weights in the range 20 000 -100 000 g / mol, used together with soda to get the incrustation problem under control. These synthetic polymers of unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids are difficult to biodegrade, but are removed in sewage treatment plants by precipitation and adsorption to over 90%, so are harmless from an environmental point of view.

Despite the importance of zeolites, there have been and are many efforts to provide zeolite reduced or even zeolite free builder systems.

German Published Application DE 22 40 309 describes a zeolite-free composition which contains from 5 to 40% by weight of surfactant, from 30 to 70% by weight of alkali metal carbonate, from 1 to 30% by weight of complexing agents, preferably citrate and from 0.05 to 15% Wt .-% of a deposit inhibitor for calcium carbonate. This anti-deposition agent is either a phosphate, a phosphonic acid or a polymeric carboxylate.

DE 44 42 977 is concerned with detergents or cleaners with a reduced content of zeolites. Extruded detergents or cleaners having bulk densities above 600 g / l are prepared which contain anionic and optionally nonionic surfactants and water-soluble builders such as sodium carbonate and amorphous sodium silicate contained in the mass that can be dispensed with zeolite partially or completely, without it comes in the extrusion to procedural problems in the production of these agents. This was achieved by limiting the content of zeolite (based on anhydrous active substance) to an average of less than 19% by weight of the content of the sum of sodium carbonate and amorphous sodium silicate (in each case based on anhydrous active substance) from 10 to 40% by weight. -%, wherein the weight ratio of sodium carbonate to sodium silicate in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 10 and the sodium carbonate used has been present at least partially in the form of a granule.

In the international patent application WO 98/20105, a phosphate- and aluminosilicate-free agent is presented which, in addition to surfactants and polyethylene glycol, contains a builder system based on carbonate, sulfate, silicate and polycarboxylate. Advantages of this agent are the price and environmental performance of the builder system. Preferred embodiments have a ratio of sodium carbonate to sodium sulfate of 1: 1 to 1: 3. From the German patent application DE 199 12 679 a zeolite-free builder system is known, which consists of alkali metal silicate, alkali metal carbonate, polymeric polycarboxylate having a molecular weight less than 10,000 g / mol, phosphonate and an acidic component. This soluble builder system is dosed low, ie, less than 40% by weight of the detergent is claimed by this builder system and the alkali product of this agent is in the range of 7.0 to 1.1. Compared to a zeolite-containing builder system, this soluble builder system has advantages especially in residue behavior.

Against this background, it was the object of the present invention to provide novel soluble builder systems which are substantially free of aluminosilicate.

The present invention therefore relates essentially to aluminosilicate-free, soluble builder systems which contain the constituents a) alkali carbonate, b) polymeric polycarboxylate, preferably having a molecular weight of less than 10,000 g / mol and / or copolymeric polycarboxylate, preferably having a molecular weight in the range of 20,000 to 70000 g / mol, and c) cationic surfactant.

The alkali carbonates used in the builder system are preferably sodium and / or potassium carbonate, with the use of sodium carbonate in particular being preferred. In this case, the alkali metal carbonate according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in amounts of up to 90 wt .-%, preferably from 50 to 75 wt .-%, based on the total builder system, contained in the builder system. The advantage of these amounts is to be seen in view of the necessary alkalinity of the washing and / or cleaning agent or the wash liquor, in which the agent is advantageously used.

The polymeric polycarboxylates are preferably homopolymers or copolymers which contain acrylic acid and / or maleic acid units. In the context of this invention, particularly preferably homopolymers are used in combination with copolymers, where in turn polyacrylates are preferred. Usually, the polyacrylates are used in the form of sodium salts. In particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of from 3,000 to 8,000 and more preferably from 4,000 to 5,000 g / mol have proven to be particularly suitable according to the invention. The molecular weights stated in this specification for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. was set. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacryic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the investigated polymers. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

The copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid, which have a molecular weight between 20 000 and 70 000 g / mol. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid, have proved to be particularly suitable. To improve the water solubility, the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as in EP-B-727448 allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer. Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those which according to DE-A-43 00 772 as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C-42 21 381 contain as monomers, salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives. Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in the German patent applications DE-A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 and preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate. In a preferred variant, both these copolymers and the polyacrylates essential to the invention are used in the process, wherein the ratio of the polyacrylate to the acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer in the range 2: 1 to 1: 20, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 15 , lies.

The polymeric and / or copolymeric polycarboxylates according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are present in the composition in amounts of up to 20% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total builder system. The advantage of these amounts is that in the application of the funds in the washing process the potential precipitation of poorly soluble alkaline earth metal salts on the laundry or on the heating elements of the washing machine is optimally counteracted, and that the color brilliance of the laundry is promoted because the polycarboxylates in these quantities in terms of Graying inhibition work optimally. In another, likewise preferred embodiment of the invention, the agents contain, in addition to the polymeric polycarboxylate having a molecular weight of less than 10,000 g / mol, no further polymer of acrylic acid, in particular no copolymer of acrylic acid with maleic acid.

The agent may contain additional complexing agents. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the agent contains at least one additional complexing agent, preferably phosphonate and / or a citrate.

The phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the Dinatπumsalz neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B. as hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa sodium salt of DTPMP used. The HEDP, (1- (hydroxyethylidene) bisphosphonate), is also preferably used. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned. Such phosphonates are advantageously present in the compositions in amounts of from 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.1 to 1% by weight.

Citrates are the salts of citric acid. Particularly preferred according to the invention are the alkali metal citrates. The citrates are advantageously present in the compositions in amounts of from 2.5 to 10% by weight, in particular in amounts of from 3.5 to 6.0% by weight.

Instead of the citrates and / or phosphonates, other complexing agents can be used as a substitute (or if necessary also in addition). Suitable examples are the following according to INCI in English designated complexing agents, which are described in more detail in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook: aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, beta-alanine diacetic acid, calcium disodium EDTA, cyclodextrin, cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid, diammonium EDTA, Diethylenetri- amine Pentamethylene Phosphonic Acid, Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium Azacycloheptane Diphosphonate, Disodium EDTA, Disodium Pyrophosphate, EDTA, Etidronic Acid, Galactic Acid, Gluconic Acid, Glucuronic Acid, HEDTA, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Methyl Cyclodextrin, Pentapotassium Triphosphate, Pentasodium Pentetate, Pentasodium Triphosphate , Pentetic Acid, Phytic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Potassium Gluconate, Potassium Polyphosphate, Ribonic Acid, Sodium Dihydroxyethyl Glycinate, Sodium Glucopyate, Sodium Gluconate, Sodium Glycereth-1 Polyphosphate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Sodium Metaphosphate, Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Phytates, Sodium Polydimethylglycinophenolsulfonates, Sodium Trimetaphosphates, TEA-EDTA, TEA Polyphosphates, Tetrahydroxyethyl Ethylenediamines, Tetrahydroxypropyl Ethylenediamines, Tetrapotassium Etidronate, Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphates, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tetrasodium Etidronates, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphates, Tripotassium EDTA, Trisodium Dicarboxymethyl Alaninates, Triso EDTA, Trisodium HEDTA, Trisodium NTA and Trisodium Phosphate.

It is also possible to use complexing agents as tertiary amines, in particular tertiary alkanolamines (amino alcohols). The alkanolamines have both amino and hydroxy and / or ether groups as functional groups. Particularly preferred tertiary alkanolamines are triethanolamine and tetra-2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine (N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis- (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine). Particularly preferred combinations of tertiary amines with zinc ricinoleate and one or more ethoxylated fatty alcohols as nonionic solubilizers and optionally solvents are described in DE 40 14 055 C2 (Grillo-Werke), to which reference is made in this regard and the contents of which are hereby incorporated into this application becomes.

Other possible builders are alkali metal silicates. In the alkali metal silicates according to the invention are those having a module M ₂ O: SiO ₂ from the range of 1: 1, 9 to 1: 3.3, where M is an alkali metal ion, in particular amorphous sodium silicates with a Modulus Na ₂ O: Si0 ₂ from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which are advantageously delay-delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous". This means that in X-ray diffraction experiments, the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances, but at most one or a plurality of maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of the diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, with values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray-amorphous silicates, which likewise have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are densified / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates. Granular amorphous alkali silicates having bulk densities of at least 700 g / l can be prepared, for example, by a process described in the patent application WO 97/34977, which starts from the spray-drying and includes the compression of the spray-dried bead. In this case, the spray-dried bead is ground and granulated simultaneously or subsequently with the addition of a liquid granulation aid, wherein bulk densities of at least 700 g / l, up to above 1000 g / l - are set.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula Na ₂ Si _x O _{2x + 1} yH ₂ O are used, where x is a number from 1 to 9 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred Values for x are 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European Patent Application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both beta and delta sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ yH ₂ O are preferred.

Regardless of which alkali metal silicate is used, the total content of alkali metal silicate in the compositions is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

Advantageously, these preferred amounts result in a substantially optimal contribution to the alkalinity of the detergent or the wash liquor, in which the agent according to the invention will preferably enter, and thus reinforce the entire travel. nigungskraft and contribute to the corrosion inhibition of certain washing machine components.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the agent contains an acidic component. For this purpose, all suitable for use in detergents and cleaners acidic components are suitable. These are preferably both carboxylic acids and mineral acids or acid salts of mineral acids. Among the carboxylic acids are advantageously polycarboxylic acids, such as in particular citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, amino carboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such an application is not objectionable for environmental reasons, and mixtures thereof, preferably. These acids can be used anhydrous or in the form of their hydrates. Among the usable mineral acids are in particular sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid and hydrochloric acid, and their acid salts, to call. Citric acid and / or sodium hydrogen sulfate are preferably used in the compositions according to the invention as acidic components, the sole use of citric acid being a particularly advantageous embodiment. However, the content of the agent on the acidic component is preferably not more than 10.0% by weight; in particularly preferred embodiments it is in the range 0.1 and 5 wt .-%. In this case, the acidic component can in principle be added at any stage of preparation of the agent. However, it is preferred if the acid-acting component is admixed to the washing or cleaning agent subsequently, wherein the acidic component is present either alone or in the form of compounds with other, preferably neutral, detergent or cleaning agent ingredients.

Of course, the salts of the carboxylic acids, preferably the salts of citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids and / or nitrilotriacetic acid and / or mixtures thereof may advantageously also be contained in the composition.

Cationic surfactant is in a further preferred embodiment of the invention in amounts of up to 5 wt .-%, preferably in amounts up to 4 wt .-%, in particular in amounts of 1 to 3 wt .-%, based on the total builder system, in containing the agent. These amounts are therefore very advantageous because on the one hand the washing action of a detergent, in which the soluble builder system according to the invention as a rule On the other hand, the textiles subjected to a washing process become very soft and supple, have a reduced drying time, are easier to iron and may even be antistatically finished. Furthermore, there are surprising, sometimes very significant advantages with regard to the formation of incrustations on substrate surfaces. In particular, on at least partially hydrophobic or hydrophobized substrate surfaces, preferably textiles, a significant reduction in incrustation tendency and an improvement in the whiteness can be observed, which is of great advantage. In addition to the softness aspect, improvements in the graying and secondary washing action are achieved quite unexpectedly, which proves that cationic surfactant is effective at least within the builder system according to the invention as a builder component and synergistically with the other components of the builder system according to the invention, preferably with alkali carbonate and (co) polymeric polycarboxylate , cooperates.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cationic surfactant present in the middle is a quaternary ammonium compound, preferably an alkylated quaternary ammonium compound.

In a preferred embodiment, this is a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula (I)

(I) R (R ² ) (R ³ ) (R ⁴ ) N ⁺ X ^" , where

R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} independently selected from C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₄ H hydroxyalkyl, benzyl and - (C ₂ H ₄ O) _x H, where x is 2 to 5, and where R _{4 is} a C C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl, and wherein X ^"is an anion, preferably a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula (II)

(II) R ⁵ R ⁶ _n R ⁷ ₃ . _n N ⁺ X ^" wherein R ^{5 is} a C ₆ -C ₂₄ alkyl or alkenyl wherein each R ^{6 is} independently a - (C _n H _2n O) _x R ⁸ group, where n is 1 to 4 and x is 1 to 14 and wherein R ^{8 is} a methyl ethyl or preferably a hydrogen, and wherein each R ^{7 is} independently a CC ₁₂ alkyl or alkenyl group, with m being 1 to 3, and wherein X- is an anion, preferably a halide, Methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof. In particular, R ^{6 is} a -CH ₂ CH ₂ OH group, in particular, R ⁷ is independently a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, with m being 1 or 2, and in particular R ^{5 is} a linear C ₆ -C ₁₄ -alkyl group is.

The builder systems according to the invention which contain quaternary ammonium compound of the formula (I) and / or (II) are advantageous because, when applied appropriately, they not only make textiles very soft and supple, they have a reduced drying time and are easier to iron and possibly even antistatic, but that also adjust some significant improvements in incrustation tendency, whiteness, graying or secondary washing effect. There are clear advantages with regard to the formation of incrustations on substrate surfaces. In particular, on at least partially hydrophobic or hydrophobic substrate surfaces, preferably textiles, a significant reduction in incrustation tendency, and significant improvement in whiteness can be observed. In addition to the softness aspect as a whole, therefore, significant improvements in the graying and secondary washing effect are achieved.

In a highly preferred embodiment, the cationic surfactant is a C ₈ -C ₁₆ alkyl di (hydroxyethyl) methyl ammonium compound, preferably a C ₁₂ -C ₁ alkyl di (hydroxyethyl) methyl ammonium - Compound, and / or a C ₈ -Cι ₆ alkyl (hydroxyethyl) -dimethyl ammonium compound, preferably C ₁₂ - C ₁ alkyl (hydroxyethyl) dimethyl ammonium compound, is, in particular to the respective halides, methosulfates , Methophosphate or phosphates and mixtures of these.

A significant advantage of this latter embodiment is that such builder systems containing these particular cationic surfactants show excellent wash results, particularly with regard to incrustations. The tendency to incrustation, especially in the context of a machine laundry process ses, is when using such builder systems z. T. drastically reduced. Preferably on hydrophobized substrate surfaces, in particular at least partially hydrophobic fibers containing or hydrophobicized textiles, incrustations when using a detergent, which contains the inventive soluble builder system, extremely reduced. Likewise, the whiteness is preferably improved significantly on these textiles. Overall, when these particular soluble builder systems are used in particular, quite outstanding results can be achieved with regard to graying and secondary washing action of textiles, preferably at least partly hydrophobic or hydrophobized textiles. These advantages are accompanied by optimum softness of these textiles after appropriate application of the builder system according to the invention.

Although the above-mentioned cationic compound are extremely predestined within the scope of this invention, it is also possible to use other cationic surfactants, but advantageously alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds, preferably having two hydrophobic groups, in particular via ester or amido bonds with a quaternized di- or Triethanolamine or an analogous compound are linked.

Such compounds are advantageously selected from the following formula (III):

where R9 is an aliphatic alkyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; R ¹⁰ is H, OH or in particular 0 (CO) R ¹² , R ¹¹ is, independently of R ^10, H, OH or O (CO) R ¹³ , where R ¹² and R ¹³ are each independently an aliphatic alkyl radical with 12 to 22 carbon atoms having 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, a, b and c may each independently of one another have the value 1, 2 or 3, X ^" is a suitable anion, preferably a halide, metho sulphate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof, and / or of the formula (IV):

R ¹⁴ , R ⁵ and R ¹⁶ independently of one another represent a d_ _4- alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group, R ¹⁷ and R ¹⁸ each independently selected a C ₈ _ ₂₈ -alkyl group with 0, 1,

Represents 2 or 3 double bonds and u is a number between 0 and 5, X ^" is a suitable anion, preferably a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof.

Preferred representatives of this type are N-methyl-N (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N- (ditallowacyloxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate or N-methyl-N (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N- (dipalmitoyl-ethyl) methosulfate.

Another object of the invention are detergents and / or cleaning agents which contain an agent according to the invention which has at least one of the aforementioned properties.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a washing and / or cleaning agent according to the invention is characterized in that it contains the inventive soluble builder system in amounts of up to 50% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 25 to 45% by weight, based on the entire detergent or cleaning agent.

Aluminosilicates or zeolites are not included in the compositions or only in small amounts. If they are included, it is not because of their water softening effect or their carrier function. They can only be present if they are used as granulating aids or for powdering. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the washing and / or cleaning agents contain less than 10 wt .-%, preferably less than 5 wt .-%, advantageously less than

3 wt .-%, more preferably less than 2 wt .-%, in a very advantageous Meadow less than 1 wt .-% of aluminosilicate, based on the total detergent or cleaning agent, but in particular they are completely free of zeolite.

As aluminosilicates preferably the zeolites Aj, P, X and Y are used. However, mixtures of A, X, Y and / or P are also suitable. As zeolite P, for example, zeolite MAP ™ (commercial product from Crossfield) is particularly preferred. Of particular interest is also a co-crystallized sodium / potassium aluminum silicate of zeolite A and zeolite X, which is commercially available as VEGOBOND AX ™ (commercial product from Condea Augusta S.p.A.).

Important constituents of the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention are anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants, in particular anionic surfactants, which are preferably present in the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention at least in amounts of 0.5% by weight. These include in particular sulfonates and sulfates, but also soaps. Cationic surfactants are included as part of the builder system according to the invention in detergents and cleaning agents, but not beyond.

As surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C ₈ -C ₁₃ alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonate, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as they are, for example, from C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ monoolefins having terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained.

Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ -alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.

Also suitable are the esters of alpha sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), z. For example, the alpha-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or Taigfettsäuren prepared by alpha-sulfonation of methyl esters of fatty acids of plant and / or animal origin with 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to water-soluble monosalts be considered. Preferably it is These are the alpha-sulfonated esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm, palm kernel or Taigfettsäuren, wherein also sulfonation of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid, in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3 wt .-% present could be. In particular, preferred are alpha-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters which have an alkyl chain with not more than 4 C atoms in the ester group, for example methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester and butyl ester. With particular advantage, the methyl esters of the alpha - sulfo fatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts are used.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters, which are mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as in the preparation by esterification by a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol to be obtained.

As alk (en) ylsulfate the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols are, for example, coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of the aforementioned chain length, which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical produced on a petrochemical basis, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest C ₁₂ -C ₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ - alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are particularly preferred. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are prepared, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products of the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ™, are suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C ₇ -C ₂₁ -alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C ₉ -C 5 -alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ - Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. They are used in detergents due to their high foaming behavior only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5 wt .-%. Preferred anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C ₈ to C ₁₈ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). Sulfosuccinates, whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Suitable further anionic surfactants are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example N-methyltaurine (Tauride) and / or N-methylglycine (sarcosides). Particularly preferred are the sarcosides or the sarcosinates and here especially sarcosinates of higher and optionally monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate.

As further anionic surfactants are in particular soaps, preferably in amounts of from 0.2 to 5 wt .-% based on the total washing and / or cleaning agent into consideration. Particularly suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular of natural fatty acids, eg. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids derived soap mixtures. Together with these soaps or as a substitute for soaps, the known Alkenylbemsteinsäuresalze can be used.

The anionic surfactants (and soaps) may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.

The anionic surfactants are in the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention or in the process according to the invention preferably in amounts of 1 to 30 wt .-% and in particular in amounts of 5 to 25 wt .-% or used.

In addition to the anionic surfactants and zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants, especially nonionic surfactants are preferred.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position may be linear or methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in oxoalcohol rest.

In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. From coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average from 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C ₁₂ -C ₁ alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C ₉ -C _ι alcohols with 7 EO, C ₁₃ -C ₁₅ alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO , C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alcohol with 3 EO and C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ -alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, as described above, fatty alcohols containing more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

The nonionic surfactants also include alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x, in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is a Glykoseeinheit with 5 or 6 C-atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number - the size to be determined analytically can also take broken values - between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1, 2 to 1, 4.

Also suitable are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (V) in which R ^{19 is} CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{20 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups:

(V) R ¹⁹ -CO-N- [Z] IR ²⁰

The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose. The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (VI)

(VI) R ²¹ -CO-N- [Z] IR ²² -OR ²³

in the R ^{21 is} a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{22 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{23 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or a Aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein CC ₄ alkyl or phenyl radicals are preferred, and Z is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted with at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical stands. Z is also obtained here preferably by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, for example according to the teaching of international patent application WO 95/07331, by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants used either as a sole nigen nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester, as described for example in Japanese Patent Application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared according to the method described in International Patent Application WO-A-90/13533. Preferred nonionic surfactants are C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acid methyl esters having an average of from 3 to 15 EO, in particular having an average of from 5 to 12 EO, while as binders - as described above - especially higher ethoxylated fatty acid methyl esters are advantageous. In particular, C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acid methyl esters with 10 to 12 EO can be used both as surfactants and as binders.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.

Other suitable surfactants are so-called gemini surfactants. These are generally understood as meaning those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per molecule. These groups are usually separated by a so-called "spacer". This spacer is typically a carbon chain that should be long enough for the hydrophilic groups to be spaced sufficiently apart for them to act independently of each other.

Such surfactants are generally characterized by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In exceptional cases, however, the term gemini surfactants is understood to mean not only dimeric but also trimeric surfactants.

Suitable gemini surfactants are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers according to German patent application DE-A-43 21 022 or dimer alcohol bis- and trimer alcohol trissulfates and ether sulfates according to German patent application DE-A-195 03 061. End-capped dimeric and trimeric mixed ethers according to the German patent application DE-A-195 13 391 are distinguished in particular by their bi-and multifunctional nature. Thus, the end-capped surfactants mentioned have good wetting properties and are low foaming, so that they are particularly suitable for use in machine washing or cleaning processes.

However, it is also possible to use gemini-polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly-polyhydroxy-hydroxy fatty acid amides, as described in international patent applications WO-A-95/199595, WO-A-95119954 and WO95-A- / 19955.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaches and deliver in water H ₂ O ₂ , the sodium perborate tetrahydrate, the sodium perborate monohydrate and the sodium percarbonate have particular significance. Further bleaches which can be used are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and peracid salts or peracids which yield H ₂ O ₂ , such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloimino peracid or diperdoecanedioic acid. As stated above, in a preferred embodiment, sodium percarbonate is used as a bleaching agent.

Other detergent ingredients include graying inhibitors (soil carriers), foam inhibitors, bleach activators, optical brighteners, enzymes, fabric softening substances, dyes and fragrances as well as neutral salts such as sulfates and chlorides in the form of their sodium or potassium salts.

As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.

Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carbonyl acid anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran and the enol esters known from German patent applications DE-A-196 16 693 and DE-A-196 16 767 and acetylated Sorbitol and mannitol or their mixtures described in the European patent application EP-A-0 525 239 (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetyl fructose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetyl lactose as well as acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam, which are known from international patent applications WO-A-94/27970, WO-A-94/28102, WO-A-94/28103, WO-A-95/00626, WO - A-95/14759 and WO-A-95/17498 are known. The hydrophilic substituted acyl acetals known from German patent application DE-A-196 16 769 and the acyl lactams described in German patent application DE-A-196 16 770 and international patent application WO-A-95/14075 are also preferably used. The combinations of conventional bleach activators known from German patent application DE-A-44 43 177 can also be used. Such bleach activators are in the usual amount range, preferably in amounts of 1 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, in particular 2 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, based on the total washing and / or cleaning agent.

When used in automatic washing processes, it may be advantageous to add conventional foam inhibitors to the detergents and / or cleaners. As foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of C ₁₈ -C ₂ fatty acids. Suitable non-surfactant foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and mixtures thereof with microfine, optionally signed silica and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and mixtures thereof with signed silica or bistearylethylenediamide. With advantages, mixtures of different foam inhibitors are used, for. As those of silicones, paraffins or waxes. Preferably, the foam inhibitors, in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors, are bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance.

In particular, mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamides are preferred. Suitable enzymes are, in particular, those from the class of the hydrolases, such as the proteases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Oxireductases are also suitable.

Particularly suitable are enzymatic active ingredients obtained from bacterial strains or fungi, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus and Humicola insolens. Preferably, subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. These are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but in particular protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of particular interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases. Suitable amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases. As cellulases are preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and beta-glucosidases, which are also called cellobiases, or mixtures thereof used. Since the different cellulase types differ by their CMCase and avice-lase activities, targeted mixtures of the cellulases can be used to set the desired activities.

The enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers and / or embedded in encapsulants to protect against premature degradation. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules may be, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-%.

In addition to phosphonates, the detergents and / or cleaning agents may contain further enzyme stabilizers. For example, 0.5 to 1 wt .-% sodium formate can be used. It is also possible to use proteases which are stabilized with soluble calcium salts and a calcium content of preferably about 1.2% by weight, based on the enzyme. Besides calcium salts, magnesium salts also serve as stabilizers. However, the use of boron compounds, for example, is particularly advantageous of boric acid, boron oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates, such as the salts of orthoboric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ), of metaboric acid (HBO 2) and of pyroboric acid (tetraboric acid H ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ).

Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt. Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or of cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Also, water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, soluble starch preparations and other than the above-mentioned starch products can be used, for. Degraded starch, aldehyde levels, etc. Also, polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful. However, preference is given to cellulose ethers, such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example, in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the detergents and / or cleaning agents used.

The detergents and / or cleaning agents may contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diamilostilbene disulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable z. B. salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure, instead of the morpholino group a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore, brighteners of the type of substituted Diphenylstyryle be present, for. The alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) -diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) -diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- ( 2-sulfostyryl). Mixtures of the aforementioned brightener can be used.

The washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention may have any bulk densities. The range of possible bulk densities of low bulk densities below 600 g / l, for example 300 g / l, extends over the range of average bulk densities of 600 to 750 g / l up to the range of high bulk densities of at least 750 g / l. In a preferred variant of the washing and / or cleaning However, the bulk density of medium with high bulk densities is even above 800 g / l, with bulk densities above 850 g / l being particularly advantageous. In such super compacts, the advantages of the soluble builder system are particularly evident, since such compact detergents and / or cleaners make special demands on the ingredients in order to be readily dispersible.

For the preparation of such detergents and / or cleaning agents, any known from the prior art method suitable.

The detergents and / or cleaners are preferably prepared by mixing together various particulate components which contain detergent and / or detergent ingredients and together form at least 60% by weight of the total detergent and / or cleaning agent.

In particular, it may be preferred that the acidic component is added to the detergent or cleaning agent subsequently added, wherein the acidic component is mixed either alone or in the form of compounds with other, preferably neutral-reacting, detergent or cleaning agent ingredients.

In this case, the particulate components can be prepared by spray drying, simple mixing or complex granulation processes, for example fluidized bed granulation. It is preferred in particular that at least one surfactant-containing component is produced by fluidized bed granulation.

Furthermore, it may be particularly preferred if aqueous preparations of the alkali metal silicate and of the alkali metal carbonate are sprayed together with other detergent and / or cleaning agent ingredients in a drying device, wherein granulation can take place simultaneously with the drying.

In the drying device in which the aqueous preparation is sprayed, it may be any dry equipment.

In a preferred process, the drying is carried out as spray drying in a drying tower. The aqueous preparations are in known se exposed to a drying gas stream in finely divided form. The spray drying can also be carried out with superheated steam.

In another, especially if washing and / or cleaning agents of high bulk density to be obtained, the preferred variant, the mixtures are then subjected to a compaction step, with further ingredients are added to the detergents and / or cleaning agents only after the compaction step.

The compaction of the ingredients takes place in a preferred embodiment of the invention in a press agglomeration process. The press agglomeration process, to which the solid premix (dried base detergent) is subjected, can be realized in various apparatuses. Depending on the type of agglomerator used, different press agglomeration processes are distinguished. The four most common and in the present invention preferred press agglomeration processes are the extrusion, the roll pressing or compaction, the hole pressing (pelletizing) and tableting, so that in the present invention preferred press agglomeration processes extrusion, Walzenkompaktierungs-, pelletizing or Tabletting operations are.

All of the preferred compaction methods mentioned have in common that the premix is compacted and plasticized under pressure and the individual particles are pressed together to reduce the porosity and adhere to one another. In all processes (in the case of tabletting with restrictions), the tools can be heated to higher temperatures or cooled to dissipate the heat generated by shearing forces. In all methods, a binder can be used as an aid for compaction.

With regard to these methods, reference is explicitly made here to the contents of European patents EP 0 486 592 B1 A1 and EP 0 931 137 B1.

A further subject of the invention is the use of a substantially aluminosilicate-free soluble builder system according to the invention or the use of a washing and / or cleaning agent according to the invention for incrustation inhibition. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this use for incrustation inhibition relates to at least partially hydrophobic or hydrophobized substrate surfaces, preferably textiles, in particular in the context of a machine textile washing process.

By hydrophobic substrate surfaces are meant all those surfaces which are substantially hydrophobic, for example, many plastic surfaces, thus many synthetic fiber fabric or tissues containing at least partially synthetic fibers. Hydrophobicity is the constitutional property of a molecule or group of molecules to behave exophilically towards water, i. they show a tendency not to penetrate into water or a tendency to leave the aqueous phase. The hydrophobicity is linked, for example, to aromatic groups or to hydrocarbon chains. Hydrophobic substrate surfaces are thus substantially water-repellent. These hydrophobic substrate surfaces are, in particular, hydrophobicized textiles or plastic surfaces, e.g. B. consisting of rubber, polycarbonate or polypropylene or similar materials.

Water-repellent textiles can be obtained, for example, by a water-repellent impregnation of textile substrates. The water repellents used for this purpose coat the textile substrate, for example, with a thin layer, the z. B. has relatively many water-repellent, hydrophobic groups. Such groups are for. B., inter alia, longer alkyl chains or siloxane groups. Suitable hydrophobizing agents are, for example, silicones, alkylalkoxysilanes. Also suitable water repellents for substrate surfaces are, for example, paraffins, waxes and / or metal soaps, for example with additions of aluminum or zirconium salts, quaternary ammonium compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified melamine resins, chromium complex salts , Silicones, tin-organic. Compounds and glutaric dialdehyde. Hard or soft substrates or substrate surfaces, for example textile fabric, can be rendered hydrophobic with such or other hydrophobizing agents. The hydrophobization can also be carried out with tetrachlorethylene-soluble additives, such as those used in "chemical cleaning." It is also possible to use perfluorinated compounds for hydrophobing. Of course, textiles can also be rendered hydrophobic by coating with plastics or rubbers. Likewise, textiles per se may be hydrophobic, depending on which fiber genera were predominantly used in their manufacture.

A further preferred embodiment is the use of a substantially aluminosilicate-free soluble builder system according to the invention or the use of a washing and / or cleaning agent according to the invention to increase the whiteness and / or color brilliance of the laundry, in particular of at least partially hydrophobic or hydrophobicized textiles the textile laundry.

Example:

Washing tests were carried out with various textiles or different types of fabric using two detergent formulations A and B, where B was a detergent according to the invention which contained a builder system according to the invention. Formulation A served as a comparison and differed substantially from B in that it contained no cationic surfactant.

Detergent detergent formulation A formulation B

Ingredients: (all data in% by weight)

Alkylbenzenesulfonate (sodium salt) 12 12

Alkyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride - 1

Carboxymethyl cellulose 1 1

Enzymes 1 1

Nonionic surfactant 3 3

(I-hydroxyethylidene) bisphosphonate 1 1

Citric acid 1 1

Sodium carbonate 25 25

Sodium perborate 13 13

Sodium silicate 5 5

Sodium sulfate 27 26

Polyacrylate 3 3

Defoamer 2 2

N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine 3 3

Water 3 3

Total 100 100

Sodium silicate: amorphous sodium silicate with Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ = 2.4

Polyacrylate: Norasol LMW 45N ^®; Polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; M = 4500 g / mol; Commercial product from NorsoHaas Conditions of the washing tests: Washing temperature: 60 ° C, washing machine type: Miele Novotronic W135, washing program: cooking / colored laundry. The test fabrics used were: a) WFK (standard cotton fabric), b) H-FT-B (cotton terry), c) Noblesse (hydrophobic cotton) and d) viscose.

Result:

It was found that the incrustations (see Table 1), preferably on hydrophobicized textiles, were significantly reduced when using the detergent B according to the invention, which contained the soluble builder system according to the invention, and whiteness was preferably improved on these textiles (cf. 2).

The incrustation was determined after the 25th wash by incineration. In Table 1 below, the amount of ash in% by weight is given for each type of fabric. When the detergent contained a soluble builder system according to the invention, as in the case according to the invention, Formulation B, the textile washing of all four types of fabric consistently yielded incrustation advantages compared to the results obtained with the comparative detergent A, Formulation A, as manifested in the respective lower ash content.

The ashes reduction was particularly significant for hydrophobically-treated cotton (Noblesse) and viscose. For both types of fabric, an asher reduction of more than 40% was achieved.

Table 1: Veraschunq: numerical values: ash (wt .-%) WFK H-FT-B Noblesse viscose

Detergent formulation A 3.65 4.44 7.73 2.51

Detergent formulation b 2.92 3.7 4.48 1, 42

The tests thus showed that the tendency to deposit on textiles, in particular also on hydrophobicized textiles, was significantly reduced when detergents containing the soluble builder system according to the invention were used. Likewise, the whiteness was preferably improved in the textiles when a detergent according to the invention (formulation B) and thus builder system was used. This is documented in Table 2 by the consistently higher numerical values for the tristimulus value Y, which was determined in each case after the 25th wash.

Table 2: Reference Numerical values: Tristimulus value Y (International Electrotechnical Commission) WFK H-FT-B Noblesse Viscose

Detergent recipe A 80.5 77.5 84 85.7

Detergent formulation b 82.2 83.3 85.7 87.5

Claims

claims

1. Substantially aluminosilicate-free, soluble builder system comprising the ingredients a) alkali carbonate, b) (co) polymeric polycarboxylate, c) cationic surfactant.

2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains alkali metal carbonate in amounts of up to 90 wt .-%, preferably from 50 to 75 wt .-%, based on the total builder system.

3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains (co) polymeric (s) polycarboxylate (s) in amounts of up to 20 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the entire builder system.

4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains cationic surfactant in amounts of up to 5 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 1 wt .-% to 3, based on the total builder system.

5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains at least one additional complexing agent, preferably phosphonate and / or a citrate.

6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains an alkali silicate, preferably with a modulus M ₂ O: SiO ₂ from the range of 1: 1, 9 to 1: 3.3, wherein M for a Alkalimetallion stands.

7. Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that it is an amorphous sodium silicate in the alkali metal silicate, preferably with a modulus Na ₂ 0: SiO ₂ from the range of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8.

8. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it contains an acid-acting component, preferably carboxylic acid, advantageously polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid.

9. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium compound, preferably an alkylated quaternary ammonium compound.

10. Composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it is a quaternary ammonium compound according to formula (I),

(I) R ¹ (R ² ) (R ³ ) (R ⁴ ) N ⁺ X- wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} independently selected from C 1 -C ₄ alkyl, C ₄ H hydroxyalkyl, benzyl and - (C ₂ H ₄ O) _x H, where x is 2 to 5, and wherein R 4 is C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl, and wherein X ^"is an anion, preferably a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion, and mixtures from these.

11. Composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it is a quaternary ammonium compound according to formula (II),

(II) R ⁵ R ⁶ _n R ⁷ _3-n N ⁺ X- wherein R ^{5 is} a C ₆ -C ₂₄ alkyl or alkenyl, wherein each R ^{6 is} independently a - (C _n H _2n O) _x R ⁸ Group is, with n is 1 to 4 and x is 1 to 14, and wherein R ^{8 is} a methyl ethyl or preferably a hydrogen, and wherein each R ^{7 is} independently a -C-C ₁₂ alkyl or alkenyl group, with m is 1 to 3, and wherein X- is an anion, preferably a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof.

12. A composition according to claim 11, characterized in that R ^{6 is} a -CH ₂ CH ₂ OH, R ⁷ is independently a dC ₄ alkyl, with m is 1 or 2, and wherein R ^{5 is} a linear C ₆ -C ₁₄ alkyl group.

13. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it is the cationic surfactant to a C ₈ -C ₁₆ alkyl di (hydroxyethyl) -methyl ammo- nium compound, preferably a C ₂ -C _14- alkyl-di (hydroxyethyl) -methyl ammonium compound, and / or a C ₈ -C ₁₆ alkyl (hydroxyethyl) dimethyl ammonium compound, preferably C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alkyl (hydroxyethyl) dimethyl ammonium compound, is, in particular to the respective halides, Methosulfate-, methophosphates or phosphates and mixtures thereof.

14. Washing or cleaning agent containing an agent according to one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A composition according to claim 14, characterized in that it contains the soluble builder system in amounts of up to 50 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of from 25 to 45 wt .-%, based on the total washing or cleaning agent.

16. Composition according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that it contains less than 10 wt .-%, preferably less than 5 wt .-%, advantageously less than 3 wt .-% of aluminosilicate, in particular completely free of aluminosilicate, based on the total detergent or cleaning agent.

17. Use of an agent according to any one of claims 1 to 16 for incrustation inhibition.

18. Use according to claim 17 for incrustation inhibiting at least partially hydrophobic or hydrophobized substrate surfaces, preferably textiles, in particular in the context of a machine textile washing process.

19. Use according to claim 17 or 18 for increasing the whiteness and / or the color brilliance of the laundry, in particular at least partially hydrophobic or hydrophobicized textiles, in the textile laundry.