EP1657418B1 - Internal combustion engine and method of stop position control - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine and method of stop position control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1657418B1 EP1657418B1 EP20040105804 EP04105804A EP1657418B1 EP 1657418 B1 EP1657418 B1 EP 1657418B1 EP 20040105804 EP20040105804 EP 20040105804 EP 04105804 A EP04105804 A EP 04105804A EP 1657418 B1 EP1657418 B1 EP 1657418B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flywheel
- crankshaft
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- segment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02N99/002—Starting combustion engines by ignition means
- F02N99/006—Providing a combustible mixture inside the cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
- F02N5/04—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of inertia type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
- F02D2041/0095—Synchronisation of the cylinders during engine shutdown
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a flywheel, which is arranged on the crankshaft.
- the invention relates to a method for the controlled shutdown of such an internal combustion engine.
- the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine receives the connecting rod forces, which are composed of the gas forces due to the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber and the mass forces due to the non-uniform movement of the engine parts.
- the oscillating lifting movement, in particular of the pistons is transformed into a rotating rotational movement of the crankshaft.
- the crankshaft transmits the torque to the drive and to the flywheel.
- the crankshaft has a certain torsional elasticity and together with the hinged to them components, in particular the connecting rods and pistons, a vibratory system which can be excited by the acting on the crank pin gas and inertial forces to torsional vibrations.
- torsional vibration dampers can be provided. By a relative movement of the mass of the vibration damper to the crankshaft, a part of the torsional vibration energy is reduced by friction work.
- the mass of the described oscillatory system is increased by the arrangement of a flywheel on the crankshaft. Due to the larger mass, the system has increased inertia, which makes the system more insensitive to speed variations and makes the rotational motion of the crankshaft more uniform.
- the flywheel stores energy and transmits it to the crankshaft as the speed drops. Ie. the flywheel serving as an energy reservoir releases energy to the crankshaft as it decelerates, giving the crankshaft and the entire system a degree of inertia by attempting to counteract the deceleration and sustain movement by releasing energy. In this way, the flywheel acts both for accelerations and delays for a smooth and smooth running of the crankshaft and coupled to the crankshaft components.
- the flywheel can also be designed as a two-mass flywheel and then assumes the additional function of a vibration damper, which reduces the torsional vibrations between the clutch and the drive.
- the flywheel is attached on one side to the crankshaft and connected on the other side via the clutch to the transmission.
- the two disc-shaped parts are connected to each other by means of internal coil springs.
- crankshaft and the flywheel are manufactured as separate independent components and then screwed together during assembly ie inextricably linked.
- both components have flanges and arranged in the flanges slugs or holes.
- a method for the controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine generally follow the reduction of the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine. Due to the limited resources of fossil fuels, in particular due to the limited mineral oil reserves as a raw material for the production of fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines, the development of internal combustion engines is constantly striving to minimize fuel consumption. On the one hand, the improved i.e. more effective combustion in the forefront of the effort. On the other hand, certain strategies with regard to the basic operation of the internal combustion engine can also be effective.
- an internal combustion engine which is equipped with an electronically controlled ignition and / or electronically controlled injection, deliver at the Crankshaft arranged markers Signals about the crank angle position on connected to the engine control sensors for controlling the ignition and the injection timing. But to generate these signals, it is first necessary to put the crankshaft in rotation. Immediately at the beginning of the restart and the start in general, there is uncertainty about the correct injection and ignition timing, so that a run-in phase for the synchronization of the crank angle position on the one hand and the engine operating parameters on the other hand is required.
- devices for starting or restarting the internal combustion engine must be provided, for example, a conventional starter or a similar device which is adapted to forcibly set the crankshaft in rotation, such as an electric motor.
- Controlled parking consists in deliberately approaching certain crank angle positions - so-called preferred positions - when the internal combustion engine is switched off.
- the end position of the crankshaft is no longer left to chance and more or less accurately registered, but it will be specifically brought about for the restart advantageous crank angle positions.
- crankshaft must be in a specific position or in a specific crank angle range. In this respect, especially for internal combustion engines with direct injection method for controlled parking targets.
- a method for the controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine for example, in the WO 01/48373 disclosed.
- the WO 01/48373 teaches the application of a method in which after switching off, ie after completion of the regular operation of the internal combustion engine, an adjusting device is activated and controlled, with which the crankshaft and / or the camshaft is moved to a predeterminable advantageous angular position. Both active and passive adjustment devices can be used.
- an active adjusting device can serve an electric motor which transmits a torque to the crankshaft and this rotates after switching off the internal combustion engine in the desired position, which is then maintained until the restart of the internal combustion engine.
- active adjusting devices which have means for activating the injection and ignition of the internal combustion engine after completion of their regular operation. These means are used to selectively initiate combustion processes in the cylinders, with which a certain torque is transmitted to the crankshaft, so that a predetermined advantageous crank angle position can be approached.
- Passive adjustment but can according to the WO 01/48373 also be used, these passive adjusting devices after completion of the regular operation of the internal combustion engine exploit the still existing in the wake of the crankshaft rotary motion and influence in the way that the Crankshaft comes to a standstill in the predetermined advantageous crankshaft position.
- a passive adjustment means include a gas exchange valve control, which transmits a suitable braking brake torque to the engine or crankshaft, so that the delay of the shaft and thus its end position is controllable.
- the passive adjusting devices Compared to the active adjusting the passive adjusting devices have the advantage that their energy consumption is usually lower and acceptable also with regard to the underlying task value, since the passive adjustment devices do not initiate a rotational movement of the crankshaft, but in principle only one Delay existing rotational movement of the crankshaft in a suitable manner.
- a method for the outlet control of an internal combustion engine in which specifically the gas exchange valves of the internal combustion engine for controlling the Preferred items are used in the WO 01/44636 A2 described.
- suitable control ie by suitably opening and closing the gas exchange valves, influence is thereby exerted on the combustion chamber pressure and thus on the torque exerted by the gas forces on the piston and the connecting rod on the crankshaft.
- this method requires an internal combustion engine which has an at least partially variable valve control.
- a complex and therefore complex control is required.
- German Offenlegungsschrift DE 101 23 037 A1 mentions a dual mass flywheel in the context of a method for controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine, according to DE 101 23 037 A1 the shutdown is preferably carried out in the way that the dual mass flywheel is excited as little as possible to vibrate, so in particular the resonance frequency of the dual mass flywheel is bypassed.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for the controlled shutdown of such an internal combustion engine.
- the first sub-task is solved by an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a flywheel, which is arranged on the crankshaft, and which is characterized in that the flywheel for controlled stopping and starting of the internal combustion engine has a variable flywheel mass.
- flywheel mass is basically referred to in the context of the present invention, the total mass of the flywheel.
- flywheel mass the mass of at least one fixed d. H. permanently connected to the crankshaft flywheel component referred. Such embodiments will be described in more detail below.
- the flywheel mass has a significant influence on the outflow of the crankshaft, i. on the rotational movement of the crankshaft after stopping the engine and thus to the end position of the crankshaft.
- the rotational movement of the crankshaft is significantly determined by the inertial forces that result from the delay of the individual engine parts, such as the pistons and the connecting rods, and in particular by the delay of the flywheel.
- the moment of inertia of the flywheel is varied and the inertial forces or the attacking moment of inertia acting on the flywheel as a result of the deceleration during the outflow process are influenced.
- the mass of the flywheel can be selectively increased and decreased. If this happens in the appropriate manner, the internal combustion engine can be turned off in a controlled manner d. H.
- the completed after switching off the ignition and / or the fuel supply from the crankshaft to its standstill rotational movement is delayed by means of the variation of the flywheel mass in such a way that the crankshaft is stopped in a predeterminable position.
- the flywheel mass can be minimized for the start or restart of the internal combustion engine, whereby the required starting energy is reduced to a minimum. After the successful starting process, the flywheel mass is then on the normal d. H. regular operation of the internal combustion engine necessary size increased or adjusted.
- the inventively proposed variation of the flywheel mass or the variable flywheel mass can basically be regarded as a passive adjustment in which by suitable variation of the flywheel mass due to the changed moment of inertia of the flywheel not constant torque is exerted on the crankshaft to the crankshaft - preferably in the desired Preferred position - comes to a standstill.
- kinetic energy stored in a flywheel component decoupled from the crankshaft may, under certain circumstances, be used for a restart, which will be explained in more detail in the context of the preferred embodiments.
- flywheel a basically already existing component of the internal combustion engine is used to accomplish a controlled shutdown.
- additional adjustment is not required.
- active adjustment device such as an electric motor, as the WO 01/48373 proposes to be provided to turn the crankshaft in the desired position after switching off the internal combustion engine.
- WO 01/48373 proposes to be provided to turn the crankshaft in the desired position after switching off the internal combustion engine.
- the first object of the invention is thus achieved, namely to provide an internal combustion engine, with the targeted - after stopping the engine - an advantageous for the restart of the engine, predefinable end position of the crankshaft can be approached and with a reboot is possible, which is characterized in particular by a low energy consumption, wherein the known prior art disadvantages are overcome.
- Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the flywheel is a continuous d are advantageous.
- H. has continuously variable flywheel mass.
- a continuously variable flywheel mass ensures the highest degree of flexibility when parking the internal combustion engine and starting up the so-called preferred positions.
- a continuously variable flywheel mass increases the accuracy with which the preferred positions can be approached.
- a continuously variable flywheel mass for example, be realized in that a hollow flywheel body is provided, which can be filled with liquid, such as water. By introducing additional liquid into the hollow body, the flywheel mass is increased, whereas by discharging liquid contained in the hollow body, the mass of the flywheel is reduced.
- Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the flywheel is modularly constructed from at least two flywheel segments are advantageous connectable to each other and are detachable, so that the flywheel mass is at least two stages changeable, wherein at least one flywheel segment is non-detachably connected as a base segment with the crankshaft.
- the at least two flywheel segments can be positively or positively connected to each other.
- the mass of the base segment is to a certain extent the smallest flywheel mass to be realized, the maximum flywheel mass being realized by connecting all flywheel segments.
- Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the at least two flywheel segments are designed in the form of flywheel disks which are connectable to one another and detachable from one another by axial displacement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft are advantageous.
- the two last-mentioned embodiments divide the flywheel and thus the flywheel mass into at least two or a multiplicity of individual partial masses, which can be connected to one another or separated from one another.
- these embodiments not only allow a change in the moment of inertia of the flywheel for controlled deceleration of the crankshaft to its standstill, as is done in principle with passive adjusting devices.
- the inventively proposed variation of the flywheel mass with a suitable embodiment of the internal combustion engine or the flywheel can also serve as an active adjusting device.
- the division of the flywheel mass into a plurality of individual masses which can be detached from one another is an example of such an embodiment, wherein the crankshaft is brought into a desired preferred position in a multi-stage process.
- the rotating crankshaft is delayed in a first step by suitable replacement of individual flywheel segments of the base segment and the Brought to a standstill.
- the variable flywheel mass thus acts as a passive adjusting device, wherein the detachment of the flywheel segments before the standstill of the crankshaft, so that the detached flywheel segments, regardless of the rotational movement of the crankshaft and the delay of this rotational movement to move further, in particular can rotate .
- the detached flywheel segments and the kinetic energy stored in them are used to move the crankshaft to a predeterminable advantageous angular position, for which purpose the flywheel segments detached from the base segment are partially or completely connected in a suitable manner to the base segment.
- the variable flywheel then serves as an active adjusting device, but in contrast to the known from the prior art active adjustment no external power supply needed. The energy required to adjust the crankshaft comes from the detached flywheel segments or flywheel disks.
- the kinetic energy stored in a flywheel member detached from the crankshaft or base segment may be used for a restart.
- the moment of inertia of the flywheel is controlled by detachment of individual flywheel segments controlled by the base segment in such a way after switching off the ignition and / or fuel the crankshaft comes to a standstill in a predeterminable position, preferably in a preferred position.
- a restart can be initiated by means of the previously detached flywheel segments or the kinetic energy stored in these segments by connecting the detached and further rotating segments to the base segment, thereby rotating the crankshaft.
- the flywheel In normal driving, the flywheel preferably receives its maximum mass to minimize the speed fluctuations as much as possible.
- the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the outflow process of the crank mechanism, which takes place after the combustion processes taking place in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine, is decisively determined by the inertia forces and moments of inertia which occur as a result of the deceleration of the individual engine parts. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to exert influence on the inertia or mass of an engine part in order to control or control the outflow of the crankshaft. As an engine part is used due to the relatively large mass arranged on the crankshaft flywheel.
- This embodiment of the method is advantageous because starting a preferred position is favorable for a restart.
- Such a method allows, for example, in internal combustion engines with direct injection starting without starter d. H. to start directly from standstill, for which only fuel injected into the combustion chambers of the stationary internal combustion engine and must be ignited by means of a spark plug.
- a model for the discharge movement of the internal combustion engine is described for example in the European patent application with the application number 03101379.0.
- This model takes into account the actual kinetic energy of the drive train, the friction losses and / or the compression and expansion processes in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
- Such a model can be obtained on the basis of theoretical considerations and implemented in the form of mathematical equations. Preferably, however, the model is obtained entirely or at least partially empirically.
- D. H. by observing the engine behavior and processing the measured data obtained (eg as a look-up table).
- the position of the crankshaft is actively and passively influenced as part of a multi-stage process d.
- H. the flywheel segments previously detached from the base segment as part of the passive deceleration process are used after initial standstill of the crankshaft by reconnecting these segments to the base segment to re-rotate the crankshaft and move it to a preferred position. If necessary, this method can be repeated if there is no preferred position of the crankshaft after acceleration and retardation of the crankshaft.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a crankshaft 1 and a flywheel 4 of a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine.
- the flywheel 4 is modularly constructed from two flywheel segments 2, 3, wherein the two flywheel segments 2, 3 are designed in the form of flywheel disks 2, 3, which are connectable to one another and detachable from one another.
- the first flywheel segment 2 is permanently connected to the crankshaft 1 and serves as a base segment 8.
- the illustrated embodiment allows a step-shaped variation of the flywheel mass between a minimum flywheel mass, which is determined by the mass of the base segment 8, and a maximum flywheel mass, resulting from the Sum of the two flywheel discs 2.3 results.
- the first flywheel disc 2 inevitably takes on the rotational movement of the crankshaft 1 about the axis of rotation 7 d. H. in the deceleration and acceleration of the crankshaft 1, while the second flywheel mass 3 can be separated from the base segment 8 or connected to the base segment 8.
- the inertia or the moment of inertia of the flywheel 4 is reduced by the separation of the second flywheel disk 3 or increased by connecting the second flywheel disk 3 with the base segment 8, whereby the outflow movement of the crankshaft 1 is shortened or extended.
- the second flywheel disk 3 is thereby connected to the base segment 8 by axial displacement in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 of the crankshaft 1 (see FIG. 2 ) or detached from the base segment 8 (see FIG. 1 ).
- a thread 5a is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the crankshaft 1, which adjoins the base segment 8 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6.
- the second Flywheel segment 3 has on the inside of a bore via a thread 5b corresponding to this thread 5a, wherein both threads 5a, 5b are not in engagement with each other when the second flywheel segment 3 is detached from the base segment 8 and spaced apart.
- FIG. 1 shown snapshot shows a flywheel 4, in which the second flywheel disc 3 is separated from the base segment 8 and consequently there is no connection or coupling between the second flywheel disk 3 and the crankshaft 1.
- the mass of the second flywheel disk 3 also has no influence on the outlet movement of the crankshaft 1. Only the inertial forces and moments acting on the base segment 8 influence the rotational movement of the crankshaft 1.
- the stored in the detached second flywheel segment 3 kinetic energy can be used in many ways.
- a stalled crankshaft 1 can be rotated by connecting the two segments 2,3 again. In this way, the crankshaft 1 can be actively rotated or moved to a preferred position.
- the kinetic energy of the detached segment 3 can also be used for a restart of the internal combustion engine, which also takes place by connecting the previously detached flywheel segment 3 with the base segment 8 fixedly arranged on the crankshaft 1.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the crankshaft 1 and the flywheel 4 in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of the internal combustion engine in a second snapshot. It should only the differences to the in FIG. 1 discussed snapshot are discussed, which is why otherwise reference is made to FIG. 1 , The same reference numerals have been used for the same components.
- FIG. 2 In contrast to FIG. 1 is at the in FIG. 2 shown snapshot the second flywheel segment 3 connected to the base segment 8.
- crankshaft 1 serves in this embodiment as a connecting element of the two segments 2,3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Kurbelwelle und einem Schwungrad, das auf der Kurbelwelle angeordnet ist.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a flywheel, which is arranged on the crankshaft.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen einer derartigen Brennkraftmaschine.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the controlled shutdown of such an internal combustion engine.
Zunächst soll auf die beiden explizit genannten Bauteile der Brennkraftmaschine, nämlich auf die Kurbelwelle und auf das Schwungrad, eingegangen werden, bevor auf das Verfahren und auf Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens Bezug genommen wird.First, the two explicitly mentioned components of the internal combustion engine, namely the crankshaft and the flywheel, will be discussed before referring to the method and to devices for carrying out such a method.
Die Kurbelwelle einer Brennkraftmaschine nimmt die Pleuelstangenkräfte auf, die sich aus den Gaskräften infolge der Kraftstoffverbrennung im Brennraum und den Massenkräften infolge der ungleichförmigen Bewegung der Triebwerksteile zusammensetzen. Dabei wird die oszillierende Hubbewegung insbesondere der Kolben in eine rotierende Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle transformiert. Die Kurbelwelle überträgt dabei das Drehmoment an den Antrieb und an das Schwungrad.The crankshaft of an internal combustion engine receives the connecting rod forces, which are composed of the gas forces due to the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber and the mass forces due to the non-uniform movement of the engine parts. In this case, the oscillating lifting movement, in particular of the pistons, is transformed into a rotating rotational movement of the crankshaft. The crankshaft transmits the torque to the drive and to the flywheel.
Die Kurbelwelle besitzt eine bestimmte Drehelastizität und bildet zusammen mit den an sie angelenkten Bauteilen, insbesondere den Pleuelstangen und Kolben, ein schwingungsfähiges System, welches durch die an den Kurbelzapfen angreifenden Gas- und Massenkräften zu Drehschwingungen angeregt werden kann.The crankshaft has a certain torsional elasticity and together with the hinged to them components, in particular the connecting rods and pistons, a vibratory system which can be excited by the acting on the crank pin gas and inertial forces to torsional vibrations.
Um die Drehschwingungen zu dämpfen, können Drehschwingungsdämpfer vorgesehen werden. Durch eine Relativbewegung der Masse des Schwingungsdämpfers zur Kurbelwelle wird ein Teil der Drehschwingungsenergie durch Reibungsarbeit abgebaut.To dampen the torsional vibrations, torsional vibration dampers can be provided. By a relative movement of the mass of the vibration damper to the crankshaft, a part of the torsional vibration energy is reduced by friction work.
Zur Minderung der Drehzahlschwankungen wird die Masse des beschriebenen, schwingungsfähigen Systems durch die Anordnung eines Schwungrades auf der Kurbelwelle erhöht. Infolge der größeren Masse verfügt das System über eine erhöhte Trägheit, weshalb das System insgesamt unempfindlicher gegenüber Drehzahlschwankungen ist und die Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle gleichförmiger wird. Das Schwungrad speichert Energie und gibt diese bei sinkender Drehzahl an die Kurbelwelle ab. D. h. das als Energiereservoir dienende Schwungrad gibt Energie an die Kurbelwelle ab, sobald es verzögert wird, und verleiht der Kurbelwelle und dem gesamten System damit eine gewisse Trägheit, indem es versucht, durch Energieabgabe der Verzögerung entgegenzuwirken und die Bewegung aufrecht zu erhalten. Auf diese Weise wirkt das Schwungrad sowohl bei Beschleunigungen als auch bei Verzögerungen für einen ruhigen und runden Lauf der Kurbelwelle und der mit der Kurbelwelle gekoppelten Bauteile.To reduce the speed fluctuations, the mass of the described oscillatory system is increased by the arrangement of a flywheel on the crankshaft. Due to the larger mass, the system has increased inertia, which makes the system more insensitive to speed variations and makes the rotational motion of the crankshaft more uniform. The flywheel stores energy and transmits it to the crankshaft as the speed drops. Ie. the flywheel serving as an energy reservoir releases energy to the crankshaft as it decelerates, giving the crankshaft and the entire system a degree of inertia by attempting to counteract the deceleration and sustain movement by releasing energy. In this way, the flywheel acts both for accelerations and delays for a smooth and smooth running of the crankshaft and coupled to the crankshaft components.
Günstig wirkt sich das Schwungrad bzw. die hohe Masse daher auch bei Fehlzündungen und Zündaussetzern aus. Infolge der Trägheit des Schwungrades bleibt die Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle mehr oder weniger gleichförmig erhalten d.h. die Drehbewegung wird nur geringfügig gestört.Conveniently, the flywheel or the high mass therefore also affects misfires and misfires. Due to the inertia of the flywheel, the rotational motion of the crankshaft remains more or less uniform, i. the rotational movement is only slightly disturbed.
Das Schwungrad kann auch als Zweimassen-Schwungrad ausgebildet werden und übernimmt dann zusätzlich die Funktion eines Schwingungsdämpfers, welcher die Drehschwingungen zwischen Kupplung und Antrieb mindert. In der Regel ist das Schwungrad auf der einen Seite an der Kurbelwelle befestigt und auf der anderen Seite über die Kupplung mit dem Getriebe verbunden. Bei dem zweigeteilten Schwungrad sind üblicherweise die beiden scheibenförmigen Teile mittels innenliegender Schraubenfedern miteinander verbunden.The flywheel can also be designed as a two-mass flywheel and then assumes the additional function of a vibration damper, which reduces the torsional vibrations between the clutch and the drive. In general, the flywheel is attached on one side to the crankshaft and connected on the other side via the clutch to the transmission. In the two-part flywheel usually the two disc-shaped parts are connected to each other by means of internal coil springs.
Nach dem Stand der Technik werden die Kurbelwelle und das Schwungrad als separate selbständige Bauteile gefertigt und dann bei der Montage miteinander verschraubt d.h. unlösbar miteinander verbunden. Hierzu verfügen beide Bauteile über Flansche und über in den Flanschen angeordnete Butzen bzw. Löcher.According to the prior art, the crankshaft and the flywheel are manufactured as separate independent components and then screwed together during assembly ie inextricably linked. For this purpose, both components have flanges and arranged in the flanges slugs or holes.
Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen einer Brennkraftmaschine verfolgen in der Regel die Reduzierung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs der Brennkraftmaschine. Aufgrund der begrenzten Ressourcen an fossilen Energieträgern, insbesondere aufgrund der begrenzten Vorkommen an Mineralöl als Rohstoff für die Gewinnung von Brennstoffen für den Betrieb von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, ist man bei der Entwicklung von Verbrennungsmotoren ständig bemüht, den Kraftstoffverbrauch zu minimieren. Dabei steht einerseits die verbesserte d.h. effektivere Verbrennung im Vordergrund der Bemühungen. Andererseits können aber auch bestimmte Strategien im Hinblick auf den grundsätzlichen Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine zielführend sein.A method for the controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine generally follow the reduction of the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine. Due to the limited resources of fossil fuels, in particular due to the limited mineral oil reserves as a raw material for the production of fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines, the development of internal combustion engines is constantly striving to minimize fuel consumption. On the one hand, the improved i.e. more effective combustion in the forefront of the effort. On the other hand, certain strategies with regard to the basic operation of the internal combustion engine can also be effective.
Ein Konzept zur Verbesserung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs eines Fahrzeuges besteht beispielsweise darin, die Brennkraftmaschine - statt sie im Leelauf weiter zu betreiben - abzuschalten, wenn kein momentaner Leistungsbedarf besteht. In der Praxis bedeutet dies, daß zumindest bei Fahrzeugstillstand die Brennkraftmaschine ausgeschaltet wird. Ein Anwendungsfall ist der Stop-and-Go-Verkehr, wie er sich beispielsweise im Stau auf Autobahnen und Landstraßen einstellt. Im innerstädtischen Verkehr ist der Stop-and-Go-Verkehr infolge der vorhandenen und nicht aufeinander abgestimmten Ampelanlagen nicht mehr die Ausnahme, sondern sogar die Regel. Weitere Anwendungsfälle bieten beschrankte Bahnübergänge und dergleichen.One concept for improving the fuel consumption of a vehicle is, for example, to switch off the internal combustion engine - instead of continuing to run it in the leelauf - when there is no momentary power requirement. In practice, this means that at least when the vehicle is stationary, the internal combustion engine is turned off. One application is the stop-and-go traffic, as it sets, for example, in traffic jams on highways and highways. In inner-city traffic, stop-and-go traffic is no longer the exception, but the rule, as a result of the existing and non-coordinated traffic lights. Other applications provide limited level crossings and the like.
Problematisch bei den Konzepten, welche zur Verbesserung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs die Brennkraftmaschine bei fehlendem Bedarf abschalten, ist die Notwendigkeit die Brennkraftmaschine wieder zu starten. Probleme bereitet das Neustarten, weil bei unkontrolliertem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine, die Kurbel- und die Nockenwelle in einer beliebigen und zudem nicht bekannten Stellung zum Stehen kommen. Folglich ist die Position der Kolben in den einzelnen Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine ebenfalls nicht bekannt und dem Zufall überlassen. Diese Informationen sind aber für einen unkomplizierten und möglichst schnellen und damit kraftstoffsparenden Neustart unerläßlich.The problem with the concepts, which turn off the engine in case of lack of demand to improve fuel economy, is the need to restart the engine. The restart is problematic because when the internal combustion engine stops uncontrolled, the crankshaft and the camshaft come to a standstill in any and also unknown position. Consequently, the position of the pistons in the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine is also not known and left to chance. However, this information is essential for an uncomplicated and as fast as possible and thus fuel-saving restart.
Bei einer Brennkraftmaschine, die mit einer elektronisch geregelten Zündung und/oder einer elektronisch geregelten Einspritzung ausgestattet ist, liefern an der Kurbelwelle angeordnete Marker Signale über die Kurbelwinkelstellung an mit der Motorsteuerung verbundene Sensoren zur Steuerung des Zünd- und des Einspritzzeitpunktes. Zur Generierung dieser Signale ist es aber zunächst erforderlich, die Kurbelwelle in Drehung zu versetzen. Direkt zu Beginn des Neustarts und des Starts im allgemeinen besteht Unklarheit über den richtigen Einspritz- und Zündzeitpunkt, so daß eine Einlaufphase zur Synchronisation der Kurbelwinkelstellung einerseits und der Motorbetriebsparameter andererseits erforderlich wird. Zudem müssen Geräte zum Starten bzw. Neustarten der Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen werden, beispielsweise ein konventioneller Anlasser oder ein ähnliches Gerät, das geeignet ist, die Kurbelwelle zwangsweise in Drehung zu versetzen, wie beispielsweise ein Elektromotor.In an internal combustion engine, which is equipped with an electronically controlled ignition and / or electronically controlled injection, deliver at the Crankshaft arranged markers Signals about the crank angle position on connected to the engine control sensors for controlling the ignition and the injection timing. But to generate these signals, it is first necessary to put the crankshaft in rotation. Immediately at the beginning of the restart and the start in general, there is uncertainty about the correct injection and ignition timing, so that a run-in phase for the synchronization of the crank angle position on the one hand and the engine operating parameters on the other hand is required. In addition, devices for starting or restarting the internal combustion engine must be provided, for example, a conventional starter or a similar device which is adapted to forcibly set the crankshaft in rotation, such as an electric motor.
Um den Neustart zu vereinfachen, werden nach dem Stand der Technik verschiedene Konzepte vorgeschlagen.To simplify the restart, various concepts are proposed in the prior art.
Die
Andere Lösungsansätze präferieren Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen und Starten der Brennkraftmaschine. Das kontrollierte Abstellen besteht dabei darin, ganz bestimmte Kurbelwinkelpositionen - sogenannte Vorzugspositionen - bewußt beim Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine anzufahren. Die Endstellung der Kurbelwelle wird dabei nicht mehr dem Zufall überlassen und mehr oder weniger genau registriert, sondern es werden gezielt für den Neustart vorteilhafte Kurbelwinkelstellungen herbeigeführt.Other approaches prefer methods for controlled shutdown and starting of the internal combustion engine. Controlled parking consists in deliberately approaching certain crank angle positions - so-called preferred positions - when the internal combustion engine is switched off. The end position of the crankshaft is no longer left to chance and more or less accurately registered, but it will be specifically brought about for the restart advantageous crank angle positions.
Bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Direkteinspritzung ist es bei geeigneter Kurbelwinkelstellung sogar ohne Starter möglich, aus dem Stillstand direkt zu starten bzw. neu zu starten. Dabei wird Kraftstoff direkt in die Brennräume der stillstehenden Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt und mittels einer Zündkerze gezündet, so daß die Explosion des Luft-Kraftstoffgemisches die Kolben in Bewegung bringt, wodurch die Kurbelwelle in Drehung versetzt wird.In internal combustion engines with direct injection, it is possible with appropriate crank angle even without starter to start directly from standstill or restart. This fuel is directly in the combustion chambers of the stationary Internal combustion engine is injected and ignited by means of a spark plug, so that the explosion of the air-fuel mixture brings the pistons in motion, whereby the crankshaft is rotated.
Diese Art des Startens bzw. Neustartens erfordert aber die Einhaltung bestimmter Randbedingungen. Insbesondere muß die Kurbelwelle - wie bereits erwähnt - in einer bestimmten Position bzw. in einem bestimmten Kurbelwinkelbereich stehen. Insofern sind gerade bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Direkteinspritzung Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen zielführend.However, this type of starting or restarting requires compliance with certain boundary conditions. In particular, as already mentioned, the crankshaft must be in a specific position or in a specific crank angle range. In this respect, especially for internal combustion engines with direct injection method for controlled parking targets.
Ein Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen einer Brennkraftmaschine wird beispielsweise in der
Als aktive Verstellvorrichtung kann ein Elektromotor dienen, der ein Drehmoment auf die Kurbelwelle überträgt und diese nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine in die gewünschte Position dreht, welche dann bis zum Neustarten der Brennkraftmaschine beibehalten wird. In der
Passive Verstellvorrichtungen können aber gemäß der
Die in der
Im Vergleich zu den aktiven Verstellvorrichtungen bieten die passiven Verstellvorrichtungen den Vorteil, daß ihr Energieverbrauch in der Regel niedriger ist und einen auch im Hinblick auf die zugrunde liegende Aufgabe akzeptabeln Wert aufweist, da die passiven Verstellvorrichtungen eine Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle nicht initiieren, sondern prinzipbedingt lediglich eine vorhandene Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle in geeigneter Weise verzögern.Compared to the active adjusting the passive adjusting devices have the advantage that their energy consumption is usually lower and acceptable also with regard to the underlying task value, since the passive adjustment devices do not initiate a rotational movement of the crankshaft, but in principle only one Delay existing rotational movement of the crankshaft in a suitable manner.
Ein Verfahren zur Auslaufsteuerung einer Brennkraftmaschine, bei dem gezielt die Gasaustauschventile der Brennkraftmaschine zur Ansteuerung der Vorzugspositionen verwendet werden, ist in der
Die
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Brennkraftmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 d. h. der gattungsbildenden Art bereitzustellen, mit der gezielt - nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine - eine für den Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine vorteilhafte, vorgebbare Endstellung der Kurbelwelle angefahren werden kann und mit der ein Neustart möglich ist, der sich insbesondere durch einen geringen Energieverbrauch auszeichnet, wobei die nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile überwunden werden.Against this background, it is the object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 d. H. provide the generic type, with the targeted - after stopping the engine - an advantageous for the restart of the engine, predefinable end position of the crankshaft can be approached and with a restart is possible, which is characterized in particular by low energy consumption, according to overcome the known disadvantages of the prior art.
Eine weitere Teilaufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen einer derartigen Brennkraftmaschine aufzuzeigen.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for the controlled shutdown of such an internal combustion engine.
Gelöst wird die erste Teilaufgabe durch eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Kurbelwelle und einem Schwungrad, das auf der Kurbelwelle angeordnet ist, und die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß das Schwungrad zum kontrollierten Abstellen und Starten der Brennkraftmaschine eine veränderbare Schwungradmasse aufweist.The first sub-task is solved by an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a flywheel, which is arranged on the crankshaft, and which is characterized in that the flywheel for controlled stopping and starting of the internal combustion engine has a variable flywheel mass.
Mit Schwungradmasse wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung grundsätzlich die Gesamtmasse des Schwungrades bezeichnet. Hingegen wird bei Ausführungsformen, die über ein modular aufgebautes Schwungrad verfügen, mit Schwungradmasse die Masse des mindestens einen fest d. h. unlösbar mit der Kurbelwelle verbundenen Schwungradbauteils bezeichnet. Derartige Ausführungsformen werden noch weiter untern näher beschrieben.With flywheel mass is basically referred to in the context of the present invention, the total mass of the flywheel. On the other hand, in embodiments which have a modular flywheel, with flywheel mass, the mass of at least one fixed d. H. permanently connected to the crankshaft flywheel component referred. Such embodiments will be described in more detail below.
Die Schwungradmasse hat wesentlichen Einfluß auf den Auslaufvorgang der Kurbelwelle d.h. auf die Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine und damit auf die Endstellung der Kurbelwelle. Nach dem Abschalten der Zündung und/oder der Kraftstoffzufuhr wird die Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle maßgeblich von den Trägheitskräften bestimmt, die sich durch die Verzögerung der einzelnen Triebwerksteile, beispielsweise der Kolben und der Pleuelstangen, und insbesondere durch die Verzögerung des Schwungrades ergeben.The flywheel mass has a significant influence on the outflow of the crankshaft, i. on the rotational movement of the crankshaft after stopping the engine and thus to the end position of the crankshaft. After switching off the ignition and / or the fuel supply, the rotational movement of the crankshaft is significantly determined by the inertial forces that result from the delay of the individual engine parts, such as the pistons and the connecting rods, and in particular by the delay of the flywheel.
Durch Veränderung der Masse des Schwungrades wird das Trägheitsmoment des Schwungrades variiert und auf die infolge der Verzögerung während des Auslaufvorganges am Schwungrad angreifenden Trägheitskräfte bzw. das angreifende Trägheitsmoment Einfluß genommen.By varying the mass of the flywheel, the moment of inertia of the flywheel is varied and the inertial forces or the attacking moment of inertia acting on the flywheel as a result of the deceleration during the outflow process are influenced.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine kann die Masse des Schwungrades gezielt erhöht und vermindert werden. Geschieht dies in der geeigneter Weise, kann die Brennkraftmaschine kontrolliert abgestellt werden d. h. die nach Abschalten der Zündung und/oder der Kraftstoffzufuhr von der Kurbelwelle bis zu ihrem Stillstand vollzogene Drehbewegung wird mittels der Variation der Schwungradmasse in der Weise verzögert, daß die Kurbelwelle in einer vorbestimmbaren Position angehalten wird. Die Arbeitsweise der Vorrichtung im einzelnen wird noch näher im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschrieben.In the internal combustion engine according to the invention, the mass of the flywheel can be selectively increased and decreased. If this happens in the appropriate manner, the internal combustion engine can be turned off in a controlled manner d. H. The completed after switching off the ignition and / or the fuel supply from the crankshaft to its standstill rotational movement is delayed by means of the variation of the flywheel mass in such a way that the crankshaft is stopped in a predeterminable position. The operation of the device in detail will be described in more detail in connection with the method according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine ermöglicht gleichzeitig einen einfachen und kraftstoffsparenden Neustart, da die Kurbelwelle gezielt in einer sogenannten Vorzugsposition angehalten werden kann d.h. in einem Kurbelwinkelbereich, der für den Start der Brennkraftmaschine als vorteilhaft anzusehen ist. So kann ein Ottomotor mit Direkteinspritzung direkt aus dem Stillstand durch Einspritzung von Kraftstoff in die Zylinder und Zündung des eingespritzten Kraftstoffes gestartet werden.The internal combustion engine according to the invention also allows a simple and fuel-efficient restart, since the crankshaft can be stopped selectively in a so-called preferred position, ie in a crank angle range for the start of the internal combustion engine is to be regarded as advantageous. Thus, a gasoline engine with direct injection can be started directly from standstill by injection of fuel into the cylinder and ignition of the injected fuel.
Die Schwungradmasse kann für den Start bzw. Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine minimiert werden, wodurch die benötigte Startenergie auf ein Minimum reduziert wird. Nach dem erfolgreichen Startvorgang wird die Schwungradmasse dann auf die für den normalen d. h. regulären Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine notwendige Größe erhöht bzw. eingestellt.The flywheel mass can be minimized for the start or restart of the internal combustion engine, whereby the required starting energy is reduced to a minimum. After the successful starting process, the flywheel mass is then on the normal d. H. regular operation of the internal combustion engine necessary size increased or adjusted.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Variation der Schwungradmasse bzw. die veränderbare Schwungradmasse kann grundsätzlich als eine passive Verstellvorrichtung angesehen werden, bei der durch geeignete Variation der Schwungradmasse ein infolge des veränderten Trägheitsmoments des Schwungrades nicht konstantes Drehmoment auf die Kurbelwelle ausgeübt wird bis die Kurbelwelle - vorzugsweise in der gewünschten Vorzugsposition - zum Stillstand kommt.The inventively proposed variation of the flywheel mass or the variable flywheel mass can basically be regarded as a passive adjustment in which by suitable variation of the flywheel mass due to the changed moment of inertia of the flywheel not constant torque is exerted on the crankshaft to the crankshaft - preferably in the desired Preferred position - comes to a standstill.
Wie weiter unten noch zu sehen sein wird, sind Ausführungsformen der Brennkraftmaschine möglich, bei denen die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Variation der Schwungradmasse darüber hinaus auch als aktive Verstellvorrichtung dienen kann, wobei die Kurbelwelle in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren in eine gewünschte Vorzugsposition gebracht wird.As will be seen below, embodiments of the internal combustion engine are possible in which the inventively proposed variation of the flywheel mass can also serve as an active adjustment, wherein the crankshaft is brought in a multi-stage process in a desired preferred position.
Des weiteren kann die in einem von der Kurbelwelle entkoppelten Schwungradbauteil gespeicherte kinetische Energie unter gewissen Umständen für einen Neustart verwendet werden, was im Rahmen der bevorzugten Ausführungsformen näher erläutert werden wird.Furthermore, the kinetic energy stored in a flywheel component decoupled from the crankshaft may, under certain circumstances, be used for a restart, which will be explained in more detail in the context of the preferred embodiments.
Mit dem Schwungrad wird ein grundsätzlich schon vorhandenes Bauteil der Brennkraftmaschine verwendet, um ein kontrolliertes Abstellen zu bewerkstelligen. Das Vorsehen zusätzlicher Verstellvorrichtungen ist nicht erforderlich. Insbesondere muß keine aktive Verstellvorrichtung, beispielsweise ein Elektromotor, wie dies die
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine wird somit die erste der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe gelöst, nämlich eine Brennkraftmaschine bereitzustellen, mit der gezielt - nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine - eine für den Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine vorteilhafte, vorgebbare Endstellung der Kurbelwelle angefahren werden kann und mit der ein Neustart möglich ist, der sich insbesondere durch einen geringen Energieverbrauch auszeichnet, wobei die nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile überwunden werden.With the internal combustion engine according to the invention, the first object of the invention is thus achieved, namely to provide an internal combustion engine, with the targeted - after stopping the engine - an advantageous for the restart of the engine, predefinable end position of the crankshaft can be approached and with a reboot is possible, which is characterized in particular by a low energy consumption, wherein the known prior art disadvantages are overcome.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Brennkraftmaschine werden im Zusammenhang mit den Unteransprüchen erörtert.Further advantageous embodiments of the internal combustion engine are discussed in connection with the subclaims.
Vorteilhaft sind Ausführungsformen der Brennkraftmaschine, bei denen das Schwungrad eine kontinuierlich d. h. stufenlos veränderbare Schwungradmasse aufweist. Eine stufenlos veränderbare Schwungradmasse gewährleistet ein Höchstmaß an Flexibilität beim Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine und Anfahren der sogenannten Vorzugspositionen. Insbesondere erhöht eine stufenlos veränderbare Schwungradmasse die Genauigkeit, mit der die Vorzugspositionen angefahren werden können.Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the flywheel is a continuous d are advantageous. H. has continuously variable flywheel mass. A continuously variable flywheel mass ensures the highest degree of flexibility when parking the internal combustion engine and starting up the so-called preferred positions. In particular, a continuously variable flywheel mass increases the accuracy with which the preferred positions can be approached.
Eine stufenlos verstellbare Schwungradmasse kann beispielsweise dadurch verwirklicht werden, daß ein hohler Schwungradkörper vorgesehen wird, der mit Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Wasser, befüllbar ist. Durch Einleiten zusätzlicher Flüssigkeit in den Hohlkörper wird die Schwungradmasse erhöht, wohingegen durch Abführen von im Hohlkörper befindlicher Flüssigkeit die Masse des Schwungrades verkleinert wird.A continuously variable flywheel mass, for example, be realized in that a hollow flywheel body is provided, which can be filled with liquid, such as water. By introducing additional liquid into the hollow body, the flywheel mass is increased, whereas by discharging liquid contained in the hollow body, the mass of the flywheel is reduced.
Vorteilhaft sind Ausführungsformen der Brennkraftmaschine, bei denen das Schwungrad modular aus mindestens zwei Schwungradsegmenten aufgebaut ist, die miteinander verbindbar und voneinander lösbar sind, so daß die Schwungradmasse zumindest zweistufig veränderbar ist, wobei mindestens ein Schwungradsegment als Basissegment mit der Kurbelwelle unlösbar verbunden ist. Dabei können die mindestens zwei Schwungradsegmente kraftschlüssig oder formschlüssig miteinander verbunden werden.Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the flywheel is modularly constructed from at least two flywheel segments are advantageous connectable to each other and are detachable, so that the flywheel mass is at least two stages changeable, wherein at least one flywheel segment is non-detachably connected as a base segment with the crankshaft. In this case, the at least two flywheel segments can be positively or positively connected to each other.
Die Masse des Basissegments stellt gewissermaßen die kleinste zu realisierende Schwungradmasse dar, wobei die maximale Schwungradmasse durch Verbinden sämtlicher Schwungradsegmente verwirklicht wird.The mass of the base segment is to a certain extent the smallest flywheel mass to be realized, the maximum flywheel mass being realized by connecting all flywheel segments.
Vorteilhaft sind dabei Ausführungsformen der Brennkraftmaschine, bei denen die mindestens zwei Schwungradsegmente in Gestalt von Schwungradscheiben ausgebildet sind, die durch axiales Verschieben in Richtung der Längsachse der Kurbelwelle miteinander verbindbar und voneinander lösbar sind.Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the at least two flywheel segments are designed in the form of flywheel disks which are connectable to one another and detachable from one another by axial displacement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft are advantageous.
Die beiden zuletzt genannten Ausführungsformen unterteilen das Schwungrad und damit die Schwungradmasse in mindestens zwei bzw. eine Vielzahl von einzelnen Teilmassen, die miteinander verbunden bzw. voneinander separiert werden können. Damit ermöglichen diese Ausführungsformen nicht nur eine Veränderung des Trägheitsmomentes des Schwungrades zum kontrollierten Verzögern der Kurbelwelle bis zu ihrem Stillstand, wie dies bei passiven Verstellvorrichtungen prinzipiell geschieht.The two last-mentioned embodiments divide the flywheel and thus the flywheel mass into at least two or a multiplicity of individual partial masses, which can be connected to one another or separated from one another. Thus, these embodiments not only allow a change in the moment of inertia of the flywheel for controlled deceleration of the crankshaft to its standstill, as is done in principle with passive adjusting devices.
Wie bereits weiter oben erwähnt, kann die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Variation der Schwungradmasse bei geeigneter Ausgestaltung der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. des Schwungrades darüber hinaus auch als aktive Verstellvorrichtung dienen. Die Aufteilung der Schwungradmasse in mehrere voneinander lösbare Einzelmassen ist ein Beispiel für eine derartige Ausgestaltung, wobei die Kurbelwelle in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren in eine gewünschte Vorzugsposition gebracht wird.As already mentioned above, the inventively proposed variation of the flywheel mass with a suitable embodiment of the internal combustion engine or the flywheel can also serve as an active adjusting device. The division of the flywheel mass into a plurality of individual masses which can be detached from one another is an example of such an embodiment, wherein the crankshaft is brought into a desired preferred position in a multi-stage process.
Dabei wird die rotierende Kurbelwelle in einem ersten Schritt durch geeignete Ablösung einzelner Schwungradsegmente vom Basissegment verzögert und zum Stillstand gebracht. Im Rahmen des ersten Schritts fungiert die veränderbare Schwungradmasse somit als passive Verstellvorrichtung, wobei die Ablösung der Schwungradsegmente vor dem Stillstand der Kurbelwelle erfolgt, so daß die abgelösten Schwungradsegmente unabhängig von der Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle und der Verzögerung dieser Drehbewegung sich weiter bewegen, insbesondere rotieren, können. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die abgelösten Schwungradsegmente und die in ihnen gespeicherte kinetische Energie dazu verwendet, die Kurbelwelle in eine vorgebbare vorteilhafte Winkelstellung zu bewegen, wozu die vom Basissegment abgelösten Schwungradsegmente teilweise oder vollständig in geeigneter Weise mit dem Basissegment verbunden werden. Dabei dient das variable Schwungrad dann als aktive Verstellvorrichtung, die aber im Gegensatz zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten aktiven Verstellvorrichtungen keine externe Energiezufuhr benötigt. Die zum Verstellen der Kurbelwelle erforderliche Energie entstammt den abgelösten Schwungradsegmenten bzw. Schwungradscheiben.In this case, the rotating crankshaft is delayed in a first step by suitable replacement of individual flywheel segments of the base segment and the Brought to a standstill. In the context of the first step, the variable flywheel mass thus acts as a passive adjusting device, wherein the detachment of the flywheel segments before the standstill of the crankshaft, so that the detached flywheel segments, regardless of the rotational movement of the crankshaft and the delay of this rotational movement to move further, in particular can rotate , In a second step, the detached flywheel segments and the kinetic energy stored in them are used to move the crankshaft to a predeterminable advantageous angular position, for which purpose the flywheel segments detached from the base segment are partially or completely connected in a suitable manner to the base segment. In this case, the variable flywheel then serves as an active adjusting device, but in contrast to the known from the prior art active adjustment no external power supply needed. The energy required to adjust the crankshaft comes from the detached flywheel segments or flywheel disks.
Des weiteren kann die in einem von der Kurbelwelle bzw. dem Basissegment abgelösten Schwungradbauteil gespeicherte kinetische Energie für einen Neustart verwendet werden.Furthermore, the kinetic energy stored in a flywheel member detached from the crankshaft or base segment may be used for a restart.
Soll die Brennkraftmaschine infolge eines momentan fehlenden Leistungsbedarfs - beispielsweise an einer roten Ampelanlage - abgeschaltet anstatt im Leerlauf weiter betrieben zu werden, wird nach Abschalten der Zündung und/oder der Kraftstoffzufuhr das Trägheitsmoment des Schwungrades durch Ablösen einzelner Schwungradsegmente vom Basissegment kontrolliert in der Weise verändert, daß die Kurbelwelle in einer vorbestimmbaren Position, vorzugsweise in einer Vorzugsposition, zum Stillstand kommt.If the internal combustion engine as a result of a momentary lack of power - off, for example, on a red light system - instead of idle continue to operate, the moment of inertia of the flywheel is controlled by detachment of individual flywheel segments controlled by the base segment in such a way after switching off the ignition and / or fuel the crankshaft comes to a standstill in a predeterminable position, preferably in a preferred position.
Schaltet dann die Ampelanlage auf grün um, kann mittels der zuvor abgelösten Schwungradsegmente bzw. der in diesen Segmenten gespeicherten kinetischen Energie ein Neustart initiiert werden, indem die abgelösten und weiterhin rotierenden Segmente mit dem Basissegment verbunden werden, wodurch die Kurbelwelle in Drehung versetzt wird.If the traffic light system then changes to green, a restart can be initiated by means of the previously detached flywheel segments or the kinetic energy stored in these segments by connecting the detached and further rotating segments to the base segment, thereby rotating the crankshaft.
Die zweite der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Teilaufgabe, nämlich ein Verfahren zum kontrollierten Abstellen einer Brennkraftmaschine, die eine Kurbelwelle und ein auf dieser Kurbelwelle angeordnetes Schwungrad aufweist, aufzuzeigen, wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren, bei dem
- ■ das Schwungrad zum kontrollierten Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine mit einer veränderbaren Schwungradmasse ausgebildet wird, und
- ■ beim Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine nach Abschalten der Zündung und/oder der Kraftstoffzufuhr die Masse des Schwungrades verändert wird, so daß die Trägheit d.h. das Trägheitsmoment des Schwungrades variiert wird, wodurch auf die Auslaufbewegung der Kurbelwelle Einfluß genommen wird.
- ■ the flywheel is designed for controlled shutdown of the internal combustion engine with a variable flywheel mass, and
- ■ When switching off the internal combustion engine after switching off the ignition and / or the fuel supply, the mass of the flywheel is changed, so that the inertia ie the moment of inertia of the flywheel is varied, whereby the outflow movement of the crankshaft influence is taken.
Im üblichen Fahrbetrieb, erhält das Schwungrad vorzugsweise seine maximale Masse, um die Drehzahlschwankungen weitestgehend zu minimieren.In normal driving, the flywheel preferably receives its maximum mass to minimize the speed fluctuations as much as possible.
Das im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine Gesagte gilt ebenfalls für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, weshalb an dieser Stelle Bezug genommen wird auf die zu der Brennkraftmaschine gemachten Ausführungen.The statements made in connection with the internal combustion engine according to the invention also apply to the method according to the invention, which is why reference is made at this point to the statements made with respect to the internal combustion engine.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren basiert darauf, daß der - nach Einstellung der in den Brennräumen der Brennkraftmaschine stattfindenden Verbrennungsprozesse - ablaufende Auslaufvorgang des Kurbeltriebes maßgeblich durch die sich infolge der Verzögerung der einzelnen Triebswerksteile einstellenden Trägheitskräfte und Trägheitsmomente bestimmt wird. Daher wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, auf die Trägheit bzw. Masse eines Triebwerksteils Einfluß zu nehmen, um damit den Auslaufvorgang der Kurbelwelle zu kontrollieren bzw. zu steuern. Als Triebwerksteil dient infolge der vergleichsweise großen Masse das auf der Kurbelwelle angeordnete Schwungrad.The method according to the invention is based on the fact that the outflow process of the crank mechanism, which takes place after the combustion processes taking place in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine, is decisively determined by the inertia forces and moments of inertia which occur as a result of the deceleration of the individual engine parts. It is therefore proposed according to the invention to exert influence on the inertia or mass of an engine part in order to control or control the outflow of the crankshaft. As an engine part is used due to the relatively large mass arranged on the crankshaft flywheel.
Vorteilhaft sind Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens, bei denen
- ■ die Masse des Schwungrades in der Art verändert wird, daß die nach Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine bis zu ihrem Stillstand abgegebene kinetische Energie kontrolliert in der Weise abgebaut wird, daß die Kurbelwelle in einer vorbestimmbaren Position angehalten wird.
- ■ The mass of the flywheel is changed in such a way that the delivered after switching off the internal combustion engine to its standstill kinetic energy is reduced in a controlled manner in such a way that the crankshaft is stopped in a predeterminable position.
Vorteilhaft sind dabei insbesondere Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens, bei denen
- ■ die Kurbelwelle in einer Vorzugsposition angehalten wird.
- ■ the crankshaft is stopped in a preferred position.
Diese Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist vorteilhaft, weil das Anfahren einer Vorzugsposition günstig für einen Neustart ist.This embodiment of the method is advantageous because starting a preferred position is favorable for a restart.
Wenn die Kurbelwelle sich in einer Vorzugsposition befindet, besteht zu Beginn des Neustarts Klarheit über den richtigen Einspritzzeitpunkt und Zündzeitpunkt, so daß eine Einlaufphase zur Synchronisation der Motorbetriebsparameter nicht erforderlich ist. Ein schneller und damit insbesondere kraftstoffsparender Neustart wird ermöglicht.When the crankshaft is in a preferred position, there is clarity at the beginning of the re-start about the correct injection timing and ignition timing, so that a run-in phase for the synchronization of the engine operating parameters is not required. A fast and therefore fuel-efficient restart is possible.
Ein derartiges Verfahren gestattet beispielsweise bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Direkteinspritzung ein Starten ohne Starter d. h. direkt aus dem Stillstand zu starten, wofür lediglich Kraftstoff in die Brennräume der stillstehenden Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt und mittels einer Zündkerze gezündet werden muß.Such a method allows, for example, in internal combustion engines with direct injection starting without starter d. H. to start directly from standstill, for which only fuel injected into the combustion chambers of the stationary internal combustion engine and must be ignited by means of a spark plug.
Um präzise eine bestimmte Vorzugsposition der Kurbelwelle anfahren zu können, ist aber eine Vielzahl von Informationen notwendig. Dabei kann auf alle bereits für die übliche Motorsteuerung gemessenen und/oder abgeleiteten Daten zurückgegriffen werden, insbesondere auf die Motordrehzahl, den Kurbelwellenwinkel, die Motortemperatur beziehungsweise eine hiermit korrelierende Temperatur wie die Kühlmitteltemperatur und/oder den Ansaugdruck im Ansaugkrümmer. Die genannten Größen haben erfahrungsgemäß den stärksten Einfluß auf die Auslaufbewegung der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. der Kurbelwelle.However, in order to precisely approach a certain preferred position of the crankshaft, but a lot of information is necessary. In this case, all data already measured and / or derived for the usual engine control can be used, in particular the engine speed, the crankshaft angle, the engine temperature or a temperature correlated therewith, such as the coolant temperature and / or the intake pressure in the intake manifold. Experience has shown that the variables mentioned have the strongest influence on the outflow movement of the internal combustion engine or the crankshaft.
Im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Variation der Schwungradmasse ist es erforderlich, zu ermitteln, wie viel kinetische Energie nach Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine im Antriebsstrang vorliegt, um die Auslaufbewegung der Kurbelwelle durch Veränderung des Trägheitsmomentes des Schwungrades gezielt beeinflussen zu können.In connection with the variation of the flywheel mass according to the invention, it is necessary to determine how much kinetic energy is present after switching off the internal combustion engine in the drive train in order to control the outflow movement of the engine Crankshaft can be influenced by changing the moment of inertia of the flywheel targeted.
Ein Modell für die Auslaufbewegung der Brennkraftmaschine wird beispielsweise in der europäischen Patentanmeldung mit der Anmeldenummer 03101379.0 beschrieben. Dieses Modell berücksichtigt die aktuelle kinetische Energie des Antriebsstranges, die Reibungsverluste und/oder die Kompressions- und Expansionsvorgänge in den Zylindern der Brennkraftmaschine. Ein derartiges Modell kann aufgrund theoretischer Überlegungen gewonnen und in Form mathematischer Gleichungen implementiert werden. Vorzugsweise wird das Modell jedoch ganz oder zumindest teilweise empirisch gewonnen d. h. durch Beobachtung des Motorverhaltens und Aufbereitung der dabei gewonnenen Meßdaten (z. B. als eine Lookup-Tabelle).A model for the discharge movement of the internal combustion engine is described for example in the European patent application with the application number 03101379.0. This model takes into account the actual kinetic energy of the drive train, the friction losses and / or the compression and expansion processes in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Such a model can be obtained on the basis of theoretical considerations and implemented in the form of mathematical equations. Preferably, however, the model is obtained entirely or at least partially empirically. D. H. by observing the engine behavior and processing the measured data obtained (eg as a look-up table).
Vorteilhaft sind Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens, bei denen
- ■ das Schwungrad modular aus mindestens zwei Schwungradsegmenten, die miteinander verbindbar und voneinander lösbar sind, aufgebaut wird und von denen mindestens ein Schwungradsegment als Basissegment mit der Kurbelwelle unlösbar verbunden wird, und
- ■ die Trägheit d. h. das Trägheitsmoment des Schwungrades durch das Trennen der mindestens zwei Schwungradsegmente verkleinert bzw. durch das Verbinden der mindestens zwei Schwungradsegmente vergrößert wird, wodurch die Auslaufbewegung der Kurbelwelle verkürzt bzw. verlängert wird.
- ■ the flywheel is constructed modularly from at least two flywheel segments, which are connectable and detachable from each other, and of which at least one flywheel segment is non-detachably connected as a base segment to the crankshaft, and
- The inertia ie the moment of inertia of the flywheel is reduced by the separation of the at least two flywheel segments or increased by the connection of the at least two flywheel segments, whereby the outflow movement of the crankshaft is shortened or lengthened.
Vorteilhaft sind dabei Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens, bei denen
- ■ mindestens ein Schwungradsegment vor dem Stillstand der Kurbelwelle von dem Basissegment getrennt wird, und
- ■ falls sich die Kurbelwelle bei Stillstand nicht in einer Vorzugsposition befindet, die kinetische Energie des mindestens einen abgetrennten Schwungradsegmentes dazu genutzt wird, die Kurbelwelle in eine Vorzugsposition zu drehen, wozu das Basissegment durch erneutes Verbinden mit dem mindestens einen abgetrennten Schwungradsegment beschleunigt wird und die Kurbelwelle in Drehung versetzt wird.
- ■ at least one flywheel segment is disconnected from the base segment before the crankshaft stops, and
- ■ If the crankshaft is not in a preferred position at standstill, the kinetic energy of the at least one separated flywheel segment is used to rotate the crankshaft in a preferred position, including the base segment by again Connecting with the at least one separated flywheel segment is accelerated and the crankshaft is rotated.
Bei dieser Verfahrensvariante wird im Rahmen eines mehrstufigen Verfahrens sowohl aktiv als auch passiv auf die Stellung der Kurbelwelle Einfluß genommen d. h. die zuvor im Rahmen des passiven Verzögerungsprozesses vom Basissegment abgelösten Schwungradsegmente werden nach einem erstmaligen Stillstand der Kurbelwelle durch erneutes Verbinden dieser Segmente mit dem Basissegment dazu verwendet, die Kurbelwelle erneut in Drehung zu versetzen und in eine Vorzugsposition zu bewegen. Dieses Verfahren kann gegebenenfalls wiederholt werden, falls nach Beschleunigung und erneuter Verzögerung der Kurbelwelle keine Vorzugsposition der Kurbelwelle vorliegt.In this variant of the method, the position of the crankshaft is actively and passively influenced as part of a multi-stage process d. H. the flywheel segments previously detached from the base segment as part of the passive deceleration process are used after initial standstill of the crankshaft by reconnecting these segments to the base segment to re-rotate the crankshaft and move it to a preferred position. If necessary, this method can be repeated if there is no preferred position of the crankshaft after acceleration and retardation of the crankshaft.
Vorteilhaft sind in diesem Zusammenhang auch Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens, bei denen
- ■ mindestens ein Schwungradsegment vor dem Stillstand der Kurbelwelle von dem Basissegment getrennt wird, und
- ■ die kinetische Energie des mindestens einen abgetrennten Schwungradsegmentes dazu genutzt wird, die Brennkraftmaschine erneut zu starten, wozu das Basissegment durch erneutes Verbinden mit dem mindestens einen abgetrennten Schwungradsegment beschleunigt wird, um die Kurbelwelle in Drehung zu versetzen.
- ■ at least one flywheel segment is disconnected from the base segment before the crankshaft stops, and
- The kinetic energy of the at least one separated flywheel segment is used to restart the engine, for which purpose the base segment is accelerated by reconnecting to the at least one separated flywheel segment to rotate the crankshaft.
Nach dem erfolgreichen Start der Brennkraftmaschine werden für den regulären Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine eventuell noch abgelöste bzw. abgetrennte Schwungradsegmente mit dem Basissegment verbunden.After the successful start of the internal combustion engine possibly detached or separated flywheel segments are connected to the base segment for the regular operation of the internal combustion engine.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß den
- Fig. 1
- schematisch Kurbelwelle und Schwungrad einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Brennkraftmaschine in einer ersten Momentaufnahme, und
- Fig. 2
- schematisch Kurbelwelle und Schwungrad der in
dargestellten Ausführungsform der Brennkraftmaschine in einer zweiten Momentaufnahme.Figur 1
- Fig. 1
- schematically crankshaft and flywheel of a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine in a first snapshot, and
- Fig. 2
- schematically crankshaft and flywheel of in
FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of the internal combustion engine in a second snapshot.
Das Schwungrad 4 ist modular aus zwei Schwungradsegmenten 2,3 aufgebaut, wobei die zwei Schwungradsegmente 2,3 in Gestalt von Schwungradscheiben 2,3 ausgebildet sind, die miteinander verbindbar und voneinander lösbar sind. Das erste Schwungradsegment 2 ist unlösbar mit der Kurbelwelle 1 verbunden und dient als Basissegment 8. Die gezeigte Ausführungsform gestattet eine stufenförmige Variation der Schwungradmasse zwischen einer minimalen Schwungradmasse, die durch die Masse des Basissegmentes 8 bestimmt wird, und einer maximalen Schwungradmasse, die sich aus der Summe der beiden Schwungradscheiben 2,3 ergibt.The
Die erste Schwungradscheibe 2 nimmt zwangsläufig an der Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle 1 um die Drehachse 7 d. h. an der Verzögerung und an der Beschleunigung der Kurbelwelle 1 teil, während die zweite Schwungradmasse 3 vom Basissegment 8 abgetrennt oder mit dem Basissegment 8 verbunden werden kann.The first flywheel disc 2 inevitably takes on the rotational movement of the
Die Trägheit bzw. das Trägheitsmoment des Schwungrades 4 wird durch das Abtrennen der zweiten Schwungradscheibe 3 verkleinert bzw. durch das Verbinden der zweiten Schwungradscheibe 3 mit dem Basissegment 8 vergrößert, wodurch die Auslaufbewegung der Kurbelwelle 1 verkürzt bzw. verlängert wird.The inertia or the moment of inertia of the
Die zweite Schwungradscheibe 3 wird dabei durch axiales Verschieben in Richtung der Längsachse 6 der Kurbelwelle 1 mit dem Basissegment 8 verbunden (siehe
Die in
Die in dem abgelösten zweiten Schwungradsegment 3 gespeicherte kinetische Energie kann in vielfältiger Weise genutzt werden. Eine zum Stillstand gekommene Kurbelwelle 1 kann durch Verbinden der beiden Segmente 2,3 erneut in Drehung versetzt werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Kurbelwelle 1 aktiv in eine Vorzugsposition gedreht bzw. bewegt werden.The stored in the detached
Die kinetische Energie des abgelösten Segments 3 kann auch für einen Neustart der Brennkraftmaschine verwendet werden, was ebenfalls durch ein Verbinden des zuvor abgelösten Schwungradsegments 3 mit dem fest auf der Kurbelwelle 1 angeordneten Basissegments 8 erfolgt.The kinetic energy of the
Im Gegensatz zu
Dabei ist das auf der äußeren Mantelfläche der Kurbelwelle 1 vorgesehene Gewinde 5a in Eingriff mit dem korrespondierenden Gewinde 5b des zweiten Schwungradsegmentes 3. Auf diese Weise wird auch das zweite Schwungradsegment 3 von der umlaufenden Kurbelwelle 1 mitgenommen, wodurch die beiden Schwungradsegmente 2,3 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Kurbelwelle 1 dient bei dieser Ausführungsform als Verbindungselement der beiden Segmente 2,3.In this case, the provided on the outer circumferential surface of the
- 11
- Kurbelwellecrankshaft
- 22
- erstes Schwungradsegment, erste Schwungradscheibefirst flywheel segment, first flywheel disk
- 33
- zweites Schwungradsegment, zweite Schwungradscheibesecond flywheel segment, second flywheel disk
- 44
- Schwungradflywheel
- 5a5a
- Gewinde auf der KurbelwelleThread on the crankshaft
- 5b5b
- Gewinde am zweiten SchwungradsegmentThread on the second flywheel segment
- 66
- Längsachse der Kurbelwelle, DrehachseLongitudinal axis of the crankshaft, rotation axis
- 77
- freies Wellenendefree shaft end
- 88th
- Basissegmentbase segment
Claims (10)
- Internal combustion engine having a crankshaft (1) and a flywheel (4) which is arranged on the crankshaft (1), characterized in that the flywheel (4) has a variable flywheel mass for the controlled shutting down and starting of the internal combustion engine.
- Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flywheel (4) has a flywheel mass which can be varied continuously, i.e. in an infinitely variable fashion.
- Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flywheel (4) is constructed in a modular fashion from at least two flywheel segments (2, 3) which can be connected to one another and detached from one another so that the flywheel mass can be varied at least in two stages, in which case at least one flywheel segment (2) is nondetachably connected to the crankshaft (1) as a basic segment (8).
- Internal combustion engine according to Claim 3, characterized in that the at least two flywheel segments (2, 3) are embodied in the form of flywheel disks (2, 3) which can be connected to one another and detached from one another by axial displacement in the direction of the longitudinal axis (6) of the crankshaft (1).
- Method for the controlled shutting down of an internal combustion engine which has a crankshaft (1) and a flywheel (4) which is arranged on this crankshaft (1), characterized in that• the flywheel (4) is designed to shut down the internal combustion engine in a controlled fashion with a variable flywheel mass, and• when the internal combustion engine is shut down after the ignition and/or the fuel supply has been switched off, the mass of the flywheel (4) is changed so that the inertia, i.e. the moment of inertia, of the flywheel (4) is varied, as a result of which the coasting movement of the crankshaft (1) is influenced.
- Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that• the mass of the flywheel (4) is changed in such a way that the kinetic energy which is emitted after the internal combustion engine has been switched off, until it comes to a standstill, is reduced in a controlled fashion such that the crankshaft (1) is stopped in a predeterminable position.
- Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that• the predeterminable position is a preferred position and the crankshaft (1) is stopped in this preferred position.
- Method according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that• the flywheel (4) is constructed in a modular fashion from at least two flywheel segments (2, 3) which can be connected to one another and detached from one another, and at least one flywheel segment (2) of which is nondetachably connected to the crankshaft (1) as a basic segment (8), and• the inertia, i.e. the moment of inertia, of the flywheel (4) is decreased by the separation of the at least two flywheel segments (2, 3) and respectively increased by the connection of the at least two flywheel segments (2, 3), as a result of which the coasting movement of the crankshaft (1) is shortened and respectively prolonged.
- Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that• at least one flywheel segment (3) is separated from the basic segment (8) before the crankshaft (1) comes to a standstill, and• if the crankshaft (1) is not in a preferred position when it comes to a standstill, the kinetic energy of the at least one separated flywheel segment (3) is utilized to rotate the crankshaft (1) into a preferred position, for which purpose the basic segment (8) is accelerated by connecting it again to the at least one separated flywheel segment (3) and the crankshaft (1) is made to rotate.
- Method according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that• at least one flywheel segment (3) is separated from the basic segment (8) before the crankshaft (1) comes to a standstill, and• the kinetic energy of the at least one separated flywheel segment (3) is utilized to start the internal combustion engine again, for which purpose the basic segment (8) is accelerated by connecting it again to the at least one separated flywheel segment (3) in order to make the crankshaft (1) rotate.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20040105804 EP1657418B1 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2004-11-16 | Internal combustion engine and method of stop position control |
DE200450006599 DE502004006599D1 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2004-11-16 | Internal combustion engine and method for controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine |
US11/163,975 US7654238B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-04 | Systems and methods for controlled shutdown and direct start for internal combustion engine |
JP2005323963A JP4753688B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2005-11-08 | System for controlled stopping and direct starting of an internal combustion engine |
US12/632,263 US7856954B2 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2009-12-07 | Systems and methods for controlled shutdown and direct start for internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20040105804 EP1657418B1 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2004-11-16 | Internal combustion engine and method of stop position control |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1657418A1 EP1657418A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
EP1657418B1 true EP1657418B1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
Family
ID=34929864
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20040105804 Expired - Lifetime EP1657418B1 (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2004-11-16 | Internal combustion engine and method of stop position control |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1657418B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE502004006599D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008034010B4 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2022-01-05 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method for controlling a drive train |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI913816A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 1993-02-13 | Igor Mikhaltsev | FOER STARNING FOER STARNING AV FOERBRAENNINGSMOTOR |
DE4230616A1 (en) | 1992-09-12 | 1994-03-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for recognizing the position of at least one shaft having a reference mark |
JP3719533B2 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 2005-11-24 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Variable mass flywheel device |
DE59709866D1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2003-05-22 | Swatch Group Man Services Ag B | Process for reducing the pollutant emissions of an internal combustion engine |
DE19960984A1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Process for controlling the stopping of an internal combustion engine |
DE10030000A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Starter control method for automobile i.c. engine with start-stop operation has starter drive train control evaluating operating parameters for providing required setting values for starter components |
DE10123037A1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-11-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Arrangement for internal combustion engine controlled shut-down, has electrical machine with arrangement providing variable torque after engine shut down to give smooth engine rundown |
FR2827911B1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2004-01-30 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | STOP ADJUSTMENT PROCESS AND RESTART PROCESS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
EP1422420B1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2009-06-03 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Locking mechanism for the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine |
DE10301695A1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-08-05 | Siemens Ag | Process for the controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine |
JP3941705B2 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2007-07-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine stop / start control device |
-
2004
- 2004-11-16 DE DE200450006599 patent/DE502004006599D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-16 EP EP20040105804 patent/EP1657418B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE502004006599D1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
EP1657418A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE102011086622B4 (en) | Method for switching off and activating a cylinder of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102014204086A1 (en) | Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine | |
DE19724921C2 (en) | Drive system for a motor vehicle and method for operating an internal combustion engine | |
DE112015001040T5 (en) | Device for controlling valve times of an engine | |
EP1679438A1 (en) | Method for starting a combustion engine | |
DE102006018960A1 (en) | Internal combustion engine operating method for driving motor vehicle, involves influencing indirect torque that acts on crankshaft by influencing unit during running phase of internal combustion engine while no more fuel is injected | |
DE102008027017B4 (en) | Internal combustion engine with flywheel and method for operating such an internal combustion engine | |
DE10301695A1 (en) | Process for the controlled shutdown of an internal combustion engine | |
EP2017497A1 (en) | Method for starting a combustion engine equipped with a split flywheel and combustion engine for performing such a method | |
EP1657418B1 (en) | Internal combustion engine and method of stop position control | |
EP1672198B1 (en) | Internal combustion engine and method for controlling the shutdown of an internal combustion engine | |
DE10200511A1 (en) | Method and device for controlling an electromagnetic valve for internal combustion engines | |
WO2009152932A1 (en) | Method for operating a vehicle drive train with an internal combustion engine having several cylinders which can be shut off selectively, and vehicle drive train | |
DE10017546B4 (en) | Method for operating an internal combustion engine | |
EP1477654B1 (en) | Method to stop an internal combustion engine at a desired stand-by position | |
EP1674719B1 (en) | A device and method of controlled stopping and starting of an internal combustion engine | |
EP1659279B1 (en) | Method for the controlled stopping of a combustion engine having a hydraulic power steering assistance | |
DE112006000194B4 (en) | Method and control device for operating an internal combustion engine | |
DE102010032488A1 (en) | Method for operating a reciprocating piston engine | |
EP1564437B1 (en) | System with crankshaft and flywheel and method of producing such a system | |
EP1522722B1 (en) | Combustion engine and method to control stop of a combustion engine | |
DE202014009484U1 (en) | Engine control system | |
WO2015144110A1 (en) | Method for adjusting control times of an internal combustion engine | |
EP1812693B1 (en) | Device and method for controlling the lift of an outlet gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102012011993A1 (en) | Method for starting four-cylinder diesel engine of motor vehicle i.e. hybrid vehicle, involves operating engine cylinder in combustion cycle during starting process, so that crankshaft rotation is performed against direction by starter unit |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK YU |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20061117 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 502004006599 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20080430 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20081222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20191029 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20191029 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20201116 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20201130 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20201116 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20220615 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230620 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502004006599 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20240601 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20240601 |