EP1625173A1

EP1625173A1 - Polyamides

Info

Publication number: EP1625173A1
Application number: EP04731336A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Helmut Winterling; Jürgen DEMETER; Jürgen Deininger; Gad Kory; Oliver SÖTJE; Axel Wilms; Robert Weiss; Kurt Krempel; Christoph Benisch
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2003-05-14
Filing date: 2004-05-06
Publication date: 2006-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 2024-05-06
Also published as: DE502004004653D1; JP4566998B2; BRPI0409629B1; CN100365042C; CN1788035A; ES2290707T3; BRPI0409629A; PL1625173T3; KR20060010802A; US7666976B2; MY144349A; MXPA05010878A; TW200508281A; ATE370181T1; KR100988383B1; US20060223974A1; EP1625173B1; DE10321788A1; WO2004101648A1; JP2007502897A

Abstract

The invention relates to a polyamide, the main chain thereof containing a chemically bonded amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, wherein R represents a functional group that can react with an amino group to form an amide group. The invention also relates to a method for producing one such polyamide, and to fibres, films and moulded bodies containing the same.

Description

polyamides

description

The present invention relates to a polyamide whose main chain is an amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, wherein R is one to form an amino group represents an a-midgroup-capable functional group, or contains their mixtures chemically bonded.

Furthermore, it relates to a process for producing such a polyamide, as well as fibers, films and moldings containing at least one such polyamide.

Polyamides, in particular polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6, are industrially important polymers. For their preparation, it is customary to use suitable monomers, such as caprolactam, adipic acid or hexamethylenediamine, in the presence of water.

After preparation, the polyamides are known to be deformed, for example to fibers, films or moldings.

Such fibers or textile articles made therefrom, such as clothing or carpets, films or molded articles are then usually dyed. This can be done for example in the case of fibers or textile articles produced therefrom by means of dye baths or in the case of textile articles, films or moldings by printing.

In this dyeing, a high staining speed, ie a rapid ink absorption by the polyamide, is desirable in order to achieve a high process speed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a polyamide which has a higher staining rate compared to polyamides according to the prior art, and a process for the preparation of such a polyamide.

Accordingly, the initially defined polyamide, a process for its preparation and fibers, films and moldings containing at least one such polyamide, was found.

Polyamides are understood as meaning homopolymers, copolymers, mixtures and grafts of synthetic long-chain polyamides which, as an essential constituent, have recurring amide groups in the polymer backbone. Examples polyamides are nylon 6 (polycaprolactam), nylon 6,6 (polyhexamethylene adipamide), nylon 4,6 (polytetramethylene adipamide), nylon 6,10 (polyhexamethylene sebacamide), nylon 7 (polyene antholactam), nylon 11 (polyundecanolactam), nylon 12 (polydodecanolactam). These polyamides are known to carry the generic name nylon. Polyamides also include those known as aramids (aromatic polyamides), such as poly-metaphenylene isophthalamide (NOMEX ^® fiber, US-A-3,287,324) or poly-para-phenyleneterephthalamide (KEVLAR ^® fiber, US-A-3,671,542).

The preparation of polyamides can be carried out in principle by two methods.

In the polymerization of dicarboxylic acids and diamines, as well as in the polymerization of amino acids or derivatives thereof, such as aminocarboxylic acid nitriles, aminocarboxamides, aminocarboxylic acid esters or aminocarboxylic acid salts, the amino and carboxyl end groups of the starting monomers or starting oligomers react with one another to form a Amide group and water. The water can then be removed from the polymer mass. In the polymerization of aminocarboxamides, the amino and amide end groups of the starting monomers or starting oligomers react with each other to form an amide group and ammonia. The ammonia can then be removed from the polymer mass. In the polymerization of aminocarboxylic acid esters, the amino and ester end groups of the starting monomers or starting oligomers react with each other to form an amide group and alcohol. The alcohol can then be removed from the polymer mass. In the polymerization of aminocarbonitriles, the nitrile groups can first be reacted with water to give amide or carboxylic acid groups and the resulting aminocarboxamides or aminocarboxylic acids as described. This polymerization reaction is commonly referred to as polycondensation.

The polymerization of lactams as starting monomers or starting oligomers is commonly referred to as polyaddition.

Such polyamides can be prepared by methods known per se, as described, for example, in DE-A-14 95 198, DE-A-25 58480, EP-A-129 196 or in: Polymerization Processes, Interscience, New York, 1977, p. 424 Are obtained from monomers selected from the group consisting of lactams, omega-aminocarboxylic acids, omega-Aminocarbonsäurenitrilen, omega- Aminocarbonsäureamiden, omega-Aminocarbonsäuresalze, omega- Aminocarbonsäureester, equimolar mixtures of diamines and dicarboxylic acids, Dicarboxylic acid / diamine salts, dinitriles and diamines or mixtures of such monomers.

Come as monomers

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₂ to C ₂₀ , preferably C ₂ to C ₁₈ , aryl-aliphatic or preferably aliphatic lactam, such as enantholactam, undecanolactam, dodecanolactam or caprolactam,

Monomers or Oligomers of C ₂ to C ₂₀ , preferably C ₃ to C ₁₈

Aminocarboxylic acids, such as 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, and salts thereof, such as alkali metal salts, for example lithium, sodium, potassium salts,

Monomers or oligomers of C ₂ to C ₂ o, preferably C ₃ to C ₁₈ , aminocarbonitriles, such as 6-aminocapronitrile, 11-aminoundecanoic acid nitrile,

Monomers or oligomers of C ₂ to C ₂₀ amino acid amides, such as 6-aminocaproic acid amide, 11-aminoundecanoic acid amide,

Esters, preferably C -C alkyl esters, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, of C ₂ to C ₂₀ , preferably C ₃ - to C ₁₈ -aminocarboxylic acids, such as 6-aminocaproic acid esters, for example methyl 6-aminocaproate, 11-aminoundecanoic acid ester, for example methyl 11-aminoundecanoate,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₂ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₂ -alkyldiamine, such as tetramethylenediamine or preferably hexamethylenediamine, with a C ₂ - to C ₂ o-, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₄ - aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or their mono- or dinitriles, such as sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid dinitrile, decane-1,10-dinitrile or adiponitrile,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₂ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₂ -alkyldiamine, such as tetramethylenediamine or preferably hexamethylenediamine, with a C ₈ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₈ - to C ₂ - aromatic dicarboxylic acid or their Derivatives, for example chlorides, such as 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, preferably isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₂ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₂ -alkyldiamine, such as tetramethylenediamine or preferably hexamethylenediamine, with a C ₉ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₉ - to C ₁₈ - arylaliphatic dicarboxylic acid or their Derivatives, for example chlorides, such as o-, m- or p-phenylenediacetic acid, Monomers or oligomers of a C ₆ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₆ - to C ₁₀ - aromatic diamine, such as m- or p-phenylenediamine, with a C ₂ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₄ - aliphatic Dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or dinitriles, such as sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid dinitrile, decane-1, 10-dinitrile or adiponitrile,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₆ - to C ₂₀ - preferably C ₆ - to C ₁₀ - aromatic diamine, such as m- or p-phenylenediamine, with a C ₈ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₈ - to C ₁₂ - aromatic dicarboxylic acid or their derivatives, for example chlorides, such as 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, preferably isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₆ - to C ₂₀ - preferably C ₆ - to C ₁₀ - aromatic diamine, such as m- or p-phenylenediamine, with a C ₉ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₉ - to C ₁₈ - arylaliphatic dicarboxylic acid or their derivatives, for example chlorides, such as o-, m- or p-phenylenediacetic acid,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₇ - to C o, preferably C ₈ - to C ₁₈ - arylaliphatic see diamine, such as m- or p-xylylenediamine, having a C ₂ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₄ aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its mono- or dinitriles, such as sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid dinitrile, decane-1, 10-dinitrile or adiponitrile,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₇ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₈ - to C ₁₈ - arylaliphatic diamine, such as m- or p-xylylenediamine, having a C ₆ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₆ - to C ₁₀ -aromatic Dicarboxylic acid or its derivatives, for example chlorides, such as 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, preferably isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid,

Monomers or oligomers of a C ₇ to C ₂₀ , preferably C ₈ to C ₁₈ , arylaliphatic diamine, such as m- or p-xylylenediamine, having a C ₉ to C ₂₀ , preferably C ₉ to C ₁₈ , arylaliphatic diamine Dicarboxylic acid or its derivatives, for example chlorides, such as o-, m- or p-phenylenediacetic acid,

and homopolymers, copolymers, blends and grafts of such starting monomers or starting oligomers. As oligomers, in particular the dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers or hexamers of said monomers or of mixtures of such monomers can be used.

In a preferred embodiment, as Laetam caprolactam, as a diamine tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or mixtures thereof and as dicarboxylic acid adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred as Laetam caprolactam, as a diamine hexamethylenediamine and as dicarboxylic acid adipic acid or terephthalic acid or mixtures thereof.

Particular preference is given to those starting monomers or starting oligomers which in the polymerization to the polyamides nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 4,6, nylon 6,10, nylon 6,12, nylon 7, nylon 11, nylon 12 or the aramids Poly metaphenylene isophthalamide or poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, in particular to nylon 6 or nylon 66 lead.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more chain regulators may be used in the preparation of the polyamides. Suitable chain regulators are compounds which have one or more, such as two, three or four, in the case of systems in the form of fibers preferably two, in polyamide formation reactive amino groups or one or more, such as two, three or four, in the case of systems in the form of fibers, preferably two, in which polyamide formation have reactive carboxyl groups.

In the first case, polyamides are obtained in which the monomers and chain regulators used to prepare the polyamide have a higher number of amino groups used to form the polymer chain or their equivalents than carboxylic acid groups used to form the polymer chain or their equivalents.

In the second case, polyamides are obtained in which the monomers and chain regulators used to prepare the polyamide have a higher number of carboxylic acid groups used to form the polymer chain or their equivalents than amino groups used to form the polymer chain or their equivalents.

Monocarboxylic acids, such as alkanecarboxylic acids, for example acetic acid, propionic acid, such as benzene- or naphthalene monocarboxylic acid, for example benzoic acid, dicarboxylic acids, such as C ₄ -C ₁₀ -alkanedicarboxylic acid, for example adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, C ₅ -C ₈ -cycloalkanedicarboxylic acids, may advantageously be used as chain regulators , for example cyclohexane-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, benzene or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, for example terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, C ₂ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₂ - to C ₁₂ -alkylamines, such as cyclohexylamine, C ₆ - to C ₂₀ -, preferably C ₆ - to C ₁₀ - aromatic monoamines, such as aniline, or C ₇ - to C ₂ o-, preferably C ₈ - to C ₁₈ -aryl-aliphatic monoamines, such as benzylamine, diamines, such as C ₄ -C ₁₀ -alkanediamines, For example, be used hexamethylenediamine.

The chain regulators can be unsubstituted or substituted, for example by aliphatic groups, preferably C 1 -C 5 -alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, n-pentyl, n -Hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, OH, = O, CrCβ-alkoxy, COOH, C ₂ -C ₆ -carbalkoxy, C do-Acyloxy, or CC ₈ -AIkylamino, sulfonic acid or their Salts, such as alkali or alkaline earth salts, cyano, or halogens, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine. Examples of substituted chain regulators are sulfoisophthalic acids, their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, such as lithium, sodium or potassium salts, sulfosuccinic acid esters, for example with C 1 -C ₆ -alkanols, or sulfoisophthalic acid mono- or diamides, in particular with for formation of polyamides suitable, at least one amino group-carrying monomers, such as hexamethylenediamine or 6-aminocaproic acid.

Preferred chain regulators are sterically hindered piperidine derivatives of the formula

in which

R ^{1 represents} a functional group which is capable of amide formation with respect to the polymer chain of the polyamide, preferably a group - (NH) R ⁵ , where R ^{5 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, or a carboxyl group or a carboxyl derivative or a group - (CH ₂ ) _X (NH) R ⁵ , where X is 1 to 6 and R ^{5 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, or a group - (CH ₂ ) _y COOH, where Y is 1 to 6, or a - (CH ₂ ) _y COOH acid derivative, where Y is 1 to 6, in particular a group -NH ₂ ,

R ^{2 is} an alkyl group, preferably a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, s-butyl, in particular a methyl group, R ^{3 is} hydrogen, CC ₄ -alkyl or OR ⁴ , where R ^{4 is} hydrogen or CC ₇ -acyl, in particular R ^{3 is} hydrogen,

into consideration.

In such compounds, the tertiary, especially secondary, amino groups of the piperidine ring systems usually do not react because of steric hindrance.

Particularly preferred sterically hindered piperidine derivative is 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.

It is advantageous to use a chain regulator in amounts of at least 0.001 mol%, preferably at least 0.01 mol%, in particular at least 0.03 mol%, particularly preferably at least 0.08 mol%, based on 1 mol of acid amide groups of Polyamides, insert.

Advantageously, a chain regulator in amounts of at most 2.0 mol%, preferably at most 1 mol%, in particular at most 0.6 mol%, particularly preferably at most 0.5 mol%, based on 1 mol of acid amide groups of Polyamides, insert.

According to the invention, the main chain of the polyamide contains an amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, wherein R is one capable of forming an amide group over an amino group represents functional group, chemically bound.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term of said amine means such an amine as well as a mixture of such amines.

2-Methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and methods of making this compound are known. For example, 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane can be obtained, for example, by hydrogenation of 2-methylglutarodinitrile, which in turn is obtained in large quantities in the technical adiponitrile synthesis by double hydrocyanation of butadiene as by-product.

According to the invention, R in the amine 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene is a functional group capable of forming an amide group relative to an amino group. Advantageously, R is a functional group selected from the group consisting of Starting from carboxylic acid (COOH), carboxylic acid esters, carboxylic acid amide and nitrile (CN), in particular nitrile, ödere mixtures thereof into consideration.

If R is a carboxylic acid ester, such as an ester of an aromatic, preferably aliphatic, alcohol, in particular C to C ₁₆ -alcohol, then in a particularly preferred embodiment R may be a carboxylic acid ester selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n Propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl or t-butyl esters or mixtures thereof, in particular methyl esters.

If R stands for carboxylic acid amide, then the carboxylic acid amide may be unsubstituted, and thus R may stand for the group CONH ₂ , or be substituted by one or two aromatic, preferably aliphatic radicals, in particular C to C ₁₆ radicals, more preferably selected from the group from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl or t-butyl or mixtures thereof, in particular methyl, stand, such as N-methyl - or N, N-dimethyl-amide.

The preparation of amine 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene with the meaning mentioned of R is known per se. For example, 1-amino-2-cyano-cyclopent-1-ene can be obtained by internal cyclization from adiponitrile. The other compounds of interest can be obtained, for example, by reacting the cyano group in 1-amino-2-cyano-cyclopent-1-ene by methods known per se, such as partial or complete hydrolysis of the cyano group.

Advantageously, the content of amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, wherein R is a functional group capable of forming an amide group relative to an amino group represents at least 0.001 mol%, preferably at least 0.01 mol%, in particular at least 0.03 mol%, particularly preferably at least 0.08 mol%, based on 1 mol of acid amide groups of the polyamide.

Advantageously, the content of amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, wherein R is a functional group capable of forming an amide group relative to an amino group represents at most 2.0 mol%, preferably at most 1 mol%, in particular at most 0.6 mol%, particularly preferably at most 0.5 mol%, based on 1 mol of acid amide groups of the polyamide.

The polyamides according to the invention are obtainable by reacting polyamide-forming monomers, oligomers or mixtures thereof to form a polyamide in the presence of an amine selected from the group consisting of from 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, wherein R represents a functional group capable of forming an amide group relative to an amino group.

To prepare the polyamides according to the invention, the process conditions customary for the preparation of polyamides from the corresponding monomers can be used, as described, for example, in DE-A-1495 198, DE-A-25 58480, EP-A-129 196, DE-A- 19709390, DE-A-35 34 817, WO 99/38908, WO 99/43734, WO 99/43732, WO 00/24808, WO 01/56984 or in Polymerization Processes, Interscience, New York, 1977, p. 424-467, especially pp444-446.

In a preferred embodiment, the polymerization or polycondensation can be carried out by the process according to the invention in the presence of at least one pigment. Preferred pigments are titanium dioxide, preferably in the anatase or rutile crystal form, or coloring compounds of inorganic or organic nature. The pigments are preferably added in an amount of 0 to 5 parts by weight, in particular 0.02 to 2 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of polyamide. The pigments may be fed to the reactor with the starting materials or separately therefrom.

Furthermore, the anionic polymerization can be used in addition to the two mentioned preferred processes for the preparation of the polyamides.

In the anionic polymerization are usually

a) a laetame or a mixture of lactams,

(b) a lactamate or a compound which releases a lactam from a laetam in (a), or mixtures of such components and

c) a polymerization regulating activator, reacted together to give a polyamide.

A process for the anionic polymerization of lactams, which is also referred to as the alkaline polymerization of lactams, and suitable compounds a), b) and c) are generally known, for example from US Pat. No. 3,206,418, US Pat. No. 3,207,713, US Pat. A-3,494,999, US-A-3,793,255, US-A-4,233,433, US-A-4,393,193, US-A-4,503,014, US-A-5,747,634, WO-A-00/58387, WO-A-01/49906, International Polymer Processing 16 (2) (2001) 172-182 or Fourne, Synthetic Fibers, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich / Vienna, 1995, pages 38-39. The polyamides according to the invention can advantageously be used for the production of fibers, films and moldings containing such a polyamide, in particular consisting of such a polyamide.

Examples

In the examples, the solution viscosity was measured as the relative solution viscosity in 96% sulfuric acid according to DIN 51562-1 to -4.

In this case, 1 g of polymer was weighed out to 100 ml of solution and the passage time was measured in an Ubbelohde viscometer against the pure solvent.

example 1

In a pressure vessel 500 kg (4419 mol) of caprolactam, 50 kg of demineralized water and 1046 g (9 mol) of 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane were heated under nitrogen atmosphere to an internal temperature of 270 ° C, immediately after within one hour Normal pressure relaxed and after-condensed and extended for 60 minutes. The extended polyamide was extracted, dried and tempered in the solid phase to a relative solution viscosity of RV = 2.70.

Comparative Example 1

The procedure was as in Example 1 with the exception that 1046 g (9 mol) of hexamethylenediamine was added instead of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane. The solution viscosity after annealing was RV = 2.71.

Example 2

The procedure was as in Example w with the exception that 973 g (9 mol) of 1-amino-2-cyanocyclopent-1-ene instead of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane was added. The solution viscosity after annealing was RV = 2.69.

Comparative Example 2

The procedure was as in Example 1 with the exception that 1081 g (9 mol) of 6-aminocaproic acid instead of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane was added. The solution viscosity after annealing was RV = 2.70. Example 3

The polymers from Examples 1 and 2 and from Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were spun on an "Inventa" pilot spinning unit in the H4S process at 5500 m / min in standard titer 44f12 dtex (round) with identical machine settings. 1, 40. The textile yarns produced in this way were then processed on a circular knitting machine (FAK 3.5 from Lawson Hemphill) to form a knit tube with the same yarn weight The knitted test pieces of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were then each together The dyeing was carried out using a commercially available metal complex dye (0.3% Acidol Black MSRL, liquor ratio 1:20, 1.0% Uniperol AC, pH 7, starting temperature of 40 ° C., with heating rate 1.5 min to 98 ° C.) ° C, 60 min at 98 ° C, rinse with warm water, dry.) The relative color depth (color strength) of the two knitting pieces was then with the aid of a spectrophotometer (Colorflash C22S, Optronie) according to the Kubelka-Munk method, analogous to DIN 53234 "Determination of the relative color strength".

Tab. 1: Relative color strength of yarns [%] after competitive dyeing

Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 2

250 100 260 100

* aut 100% normalized

It can be seen from Table 1 that yarns prepared from polyamides of Examples 1 and 2, respectively, are dyed distinctly deeper in competing dyeing with yarns of the polyamides of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.

Accordingly, in order to achieve a given color depth of yarns, yarns of polyamides according to Example 1 or 2 require shorter residence times in the corresponding dyebaths because of their higher dyeing speed compared to prior art yarns of polyamides. Thus, higher process speeds can be realized in the dyeing of yarns of polyamides according to Example 1 or 2 in comparison with yarns made of polyamides according to the prior art. It is an object of the present invention to provide a polyamide which has a higher staining rate compared to polyamides according to the prior art, and a process for the preparation of such a polyamide.

Claims

1. Polyamide, the main chain of which is an amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, where R is capable of forming an amide group relative to an amino group represents functional group, contains chemically bound.

2. The polyamide according to claim 1, wherein the main chain of the polyamide contains 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-ene, where R is a functional group which is capable of forming an amide group in relation to an amino group.

3. Polyamide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, carboxamide and nitrile.

4. polyamide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is nitrile.

5. Polyamide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is carboxylic acid.

6. polyamide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R is carboxylic acid ester.

7. polyamide according to claim 6, wherein R for a carboxylic acid ester selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, i-butyl or t -Butylester stands.

8. The polyamide according to claim 1, wherein the main chain of the polyamide contains 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane chemically bound.

9. polyamide according to claims 1 to 8, wherein the main chain of the polyamide is an amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino-2-R-cyclopent-1 -en, where R represents a functional group capable of forming an amide group with respect to an amino group, having a content in the range from 0.001 mol% to 2 mol%, based on 1 mol of acid amide groups of the polyamide, chemically bonded.

10. A process for the preparation of a polyamide, characterized in that the reaction of monomers suitable for forming a polyamide to give a polyamide in the presence of at least one amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1-amino -2-R-cyclopent-1-en, where R is a functional group which is capable of forming an amide group in relation to an amino group, according to claims 1 to 9.

11. A process for the preparation of a polyamide, characterized in that the conversion of oligomers suitable for forming a polyamide to a polyamide in the presence of at least one amine, selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1, 5-diaminopentane and 1 -Amino-2-R-cyclopent-1-en, where R represents a functional group capable of forming an amide group in relation to an amino group, according to claims 1 to 9.

12. Fibers, films and moldings containing a polyamide according to claims -I to 9.