EP1503007A1 - Method of reinforcing a building structure and anchoring device therefor - Google Patents

Method of reinforcing a building structure and anchoring device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1503007A1
EP1503007A1 EP04291892A EP04291892A EP1503007A1 EP 1503007 A1 EP1503007 A1 EP 1503007A1 EP 04291892 A EP04291892 A EP 04291892A EP 04291892 A EP04291892 A EP 04291892A EP 1503007 A1 EP1503007 A1 EP 1503007A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
anchor
piece
prestressing
construction element
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Granted
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EP04291892A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1503007B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Nieto
Christian Tourneur
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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Publication of EP1503007A1 publication Critical patent/EP1503007A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the reinforcement of structures. It concerns more particularly the reinforcement of the structures according to the additional prestressing technique.
  • Additional prestressing is a known technique of reinforcement or repair of concrete or masonry structures, which is the subject of standard NF P 95-104 ("Repair and reinforcement of structures in concrete and masonry ", published in December 1992 by the association French standardization (AFNOR)).
  • the frames transmit efforts to the structure by through anchors supported by fretted concrete parts or metal, called bosses, arranged in protrusion on elements of the structure, such as existing spacers, beams or walls.
  • these Anchors are usually grafted by nailing using prestressed.
  • bosses are large pieces, which can be either cast in place or prefabricated. In both cases, however, the installation of the bosses proves delicate, especially because of the difficulty access to the elements of the structure on which the bosses must rest. Openings or windows must sometimes be made in the work to allow the installation of the bosses.
  • the metal bosses are made in the workshop to be adapted to each work, which gives them a quality of manufacture superior to the concrete bosses.
  • this bearing surface must be ridged by machining or by welding steel son, which generates a high implementation cost.
  • frames go through the bosses in which they are anchored. Such anchoring is always done in the boss, the opposite side to the part current of reinforcements. It puts the boss in compression when the frames are strained.
  • Figure 1 gives an example of such an anchor.
  • a boss 1 rests on a spacer 3 of the structure to strengthen.
  • a prestressing frame 2 passes through the boss 1 to be anchored at its end opposite the current part of the reinforcement 2.
  • the bosses provided for by the standard are also positioned at ends of the structure to be reinforced so as to apply prestressing additional on the longest possible length. So they are often close to obstacles, such as walls, poles or spacers of the structure. This arrangement makes it difficult to set up a tensioning jack frames.
  • the boss can be placed near the obstacle, provided however that an opening in this obstacle to allow the installation of the cylinder.
  • prestressing which result is better than in the previous case, but this solution requires carry out destruction or coring work on the concrete.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of current techniques recalled above, by authorizing the application of a preload on a good part of the workpiece to be reinforced, while avoiding the implementation of works of destruction of a part of the work in view of reinforcement.
  • Another object of the invention is to have an anchor well adapted to the work to be reinforced, without requiring additional adaptation operations such as a machining of a bearing surface of the anchor block on an element of the work to be reinforced.
  • the invention thus proposes an anchoring piece for anchoring, on a structural element to be reinforced or repaired by prestressing additional, at least one prestressing frame capable of being voltage, comprising fixing means on said building element and means for anchoring the reinforcement adjacent to a first side of the workpiece directed towards a running part of the frame.
  • the means of fasteners are adjacent to a second side of the room opposite the first side, and the anchor is arranged to be put in tension when the frame is stretched.
  • this piece anchoring allows to bring the desired compression stress on the entire area. Since she works mainly in traction between the anchoring means adjacent to the first side and the means of fastening adjacent to the second opposite side, the compressive stress is applied to the structure to the fixing means, that is to say almost to the second side. This side can be placed very close to an obstacle that would hinder the implementation of conventional anchoring.
  • FIG. 2 represents an anchoring piece 6 according to the invention. This piece is suitable for anchoring an armature or a set reinforcement to reinforce a prestressed construction element additional.
  • the reinforcements used to realize the prestressing are metallic. It may in particular be strands 5 capable of be put in tension and forming a cable in their current part, that is to say between the anchor zones.
  • the strands are generally protected from corrosion in their current part, for example thanks to a sheath 4 in high density polyethylene (HDPE) surrounding the strands and injected cement grout or a non-adherent flexible product, such as grease or wax.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • the anchor 6 is monobloc and compact. She is advantageously made of cast iron. At one of its ends (right on the 2), it comprises an orifice for receiving at least one strand 5 cable whose sheath stops at the entrance of the anchor. Housing 8 is provided in the room 6 to receive the end of the strand 5. It is open on one face of the anchoring piece 6, so that the end of the strand 5 anchored be accessible from outside the room 6.
  • Figure 3 shows more specifically an example of anchoring realized in the piece 6.
  • the strand 5 penetrates into the anchor piece 6.
  • the end of the anchor receiving the strand has a hole adapted to receive a jaw anchor.
  • the orifice may for example be frustoconical, in which case the jaw 10 gets stuck in the hole by conical jamming.
  • the piece 6 made of cast iron can be molded to provide orifices allowing a sealing of the connections of the sheath 4 of the prestressing cable with the 6.
  • a connecting pipe 9 and seals may then be placed in these openings at the entrance of room 6 to ensure a such sealing.
  • the anchor piece 6 also has fastening means on the building element to be reinforced or repaired, which may for example be a industrial building floor.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of fixing the anchoring piece 6 on a floor 12.
  • the fixing of the piece 6 can by example be performed by nailing one or more prestressing bars 14 in the floor 12.
  • orifices 7 may be provided in the piece 6 to allow the introduction of prestressing bars.
  • the anchoring piece 6 is made in such a way as to be able to to be fixed on the element to be reinforced, in its opposite part to the anchoring of the strand 5, that is to say in the part of the room 6 farthest from the current part prestressing cable.
  • the orifices 7 capable of receive the prestress bars 14 are located in the left part of the room 6.
  • the anchoring piece 6, as represented on Figure 4 is put in tension when the strand 5 is stretched. Indeed, the strand 5 exerts a pulling force on the right side of the workpiece 6 towards the part of the cable, while part 6 is held on the floor 12 thanks to the nailing done on the left side.
  • This type of anchorage differs therefore conventional bosses 1 as shown in FIG. are compressed against a structural element by the effect of the force exerted by the tensioned tendon 2.
  • the assembly thus constituted makes it possible to transmit to the structure reinforce, the resultant nailing and tensioning efforts.
  • the anchoring piece 6, fixed on the concrete floor 12 has a bearing surface with the element of construction, having molded striations.
  • Such casting of cast iron allows to obtain an effective attachment of the piece 6 to the concrete, without having to carry out additional expensive operations such as machining the workpiece 6.
  • the arrangement provided by the invention is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to tension the strand 5, without having to discard the anchoring of the wall or obstacle 13 which backs the anchoring piece 6.
  • the end of the strand 5 is accessible at the housing 8 of the room 6, which is at a distance from the part fixing area (illustrated by the orifices 7).
  • a tensioning cylinder, equipped with a curved nose, can easily to be installed in the space available under room 6. This avoids the need for destruction or coring work on the wall 13, so that it can be strand 5, unlike what happens with the usual bosses.
  • a cover or protective sheath 11 can be installed to protect the end of the strand 5 from its exit from the housing 8, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the prestressing bars "nailing" the anchors onto the structure may not be sufficient to anchor the entire cable stress on the structure by friction, because the coefficient of friction of notched cast iron on concrete (from the order of 0.6) imposes a very important nailing force.
  • he may be advantageous to transmit the forces between the anchor and the structure by combining friction and direct support.
  • Direct support is by example obtained using a recess 17 provided in the form of a hole opening onto the face of the anchor which is intended to be applied against the structure ( Figure 2).
  • a stud is fixed on the structure form stop complementary to that of the recess.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The component has a nailing unit for fixing on a concrete floor (12), and an anchorage unit for anchoring a pre-stressed cable adjacent to one side of the component directed towards a common part of the cable. The nailing unit is adjacent to another side of the component located opposite to the former side. The component is put in traction when the cable is stretched. An independent claim is also included for a method of reinforcing or repairing structural work by additional pre-stressing.

Description

La présente invention concerne le renforcement des ouvrages d'art. Elle concerne plus particulièrement le renforcement des ouvrages d'art selon la technique de précontrainte additionnelle.The present invention relates to the reinforcement of structures. It concerns more particularly the reinforcement of the structures according to the additional prestressing technique.

La précontrainte additionnelle est une technique connue de renforcement ou de réparation d'ouvrages en béton ou en maçonnerie, qui a fait l'objet de la norme NF P 95-104 ("Réparation et renforcement des ouvrages en béton et en maçonnerie", publiée en décembre 1992 par l'association française de normalisation (afnor)).Additional prestressing is a known technique of reinforcement or repair of concrete or masonry structures, which is the subject of standard NF P 95-104 ("Repair and reinforcement of structures in concrete and masonry ", published in December 1992 by the association French standardization (AFNOR)).

Elle consiste à générer des efforts de précontrainte par la mise en tension d'armatures, par exemple des câbles de précontrainte, extérieures à la structure à renforcer. Les armatures transmettent les efforts à la structure par l'intermédiaire d'ancrages s'appuyant sur des pièces en béton fretté ou en métal, appelés bossages, disposées en excroissance sur des éléments de la structure, tels que des entretoises existantes, des poutres ou des murs.It consists of generating prestressing efforts through the implementation of reinforcement voltage, for example prestressing cables, external to the structure to strengthen. The frames transmit efforts to the structure by through anchors supported by fretted concrete parts or metal, called bosses, arranged in protrusion on elements of the structure, such as existing spacers, beams or walls.

Comme spécifié à la section 5.2 de la norme NF P 95-104, ces ancrages sont généralement greffés par clouage au moyen de barres de précontraintes.As specified in section 5.2 of standard NF P 95-104, these Anchors are usually grafted by nailing using prestressed.

Les bossages en béton sont des pièces volumineuses, qui peuvent être soit coulées en place, soit préfabriquées. Dans les deux cas cependant, l'installation des bossages s'avère délicate, du fait notamment de la difficulté d'accès aux éléments de la structure sur lesquels les bossages doivent reposer. Des ouvertures ou des fenêtres doivent parfois être réalisées dans l'ouvrage pour permettre l'installation des bossages.Concrete bosses are large pieces, which can be either cast in place or prefabricated. In both cases, however, the installation of the bosses proves delicate, especially because of the difficulty access to the elements of the structure on which the bosses must rest. Openings or windows must sometimes be made in the work to allow the installation of the bosses.

Les bossages métalliques sont réalisés en atelier pour être adaptés à chaque ouvrage, ce qui leur confère une qualité de fabrication supérieure aux bossages en béton. Pour permettre à de tels bossages d'avoir une surface d'appui sur un élément de la structure en béton avec un coefficient de frottement suffisant, cette surface d'appui doit être striée par usinage ou par soudage de fils d'acier, ce qui engendre un coût de mise en oeuvre élevé. The metal bosses are made in the workshop to be adapted to each work, which gives them a quality of manufacture superior to the concrete bosses. To allow such bosses to have a surface of support on an element of the concrete structure with a coefficient of sufficient friction, this bearing surface must be ridged by machining or by welding steel son, which generates a high implementation cost.

Selon la technique préconisée par la norme NF P 95-104, les armatures traversent les bossages dans lesquels elles sont ancrées. Un tel ancrage est toujours effectué dans le bossage, du côté opposé à la partie courante des armatures. Il met ainsi le bossage en compression lorsque les armatures sont tendues.According to the technique recommended by standard NF P 95-104, frames go through the bosses in which they are anchored. Such anchoring is always done in the boss, the opposite side to the part current of reinforcements. It puts the boss in compression when the frames are strained.

La figure 1 donne un exemple d'un tel ancrage. Dans la réalisation illustrée sur cette figure, un bossage 1 repose sur une entretoise 3 de la structure à renforcer. Une armature de précontrainte 2 traverse le bossage 1 pour y être ancrée à son extrémité opposée à la partie courante de l'armature 2.Figure 1 gives an example of such an anchor. In the realization illustrated in this figure, a boss 1 rests on a spacer 3 of the structure to strengthen. A prestressing frame 2 passes through the boss 1 to be anchored at its end opposite the current part of the reinforcement 2.

Les bossages prévus par la norme sont par ailleurs positionnés à des extrémités de la structure à renforcer de façon à appliquer la précontrainte additionnelle sur la plus grande longueur possible. Ils sont donc souvent proches d'obstacles, tels que des murs, poteaux ou entretoises de la structure. Cette disposition rend difficile la mise en place d'un vérin de mise en tension des armatures.The bosses provided for by the standard are also positioned at ends of the structure to be reinforced so as to apply prestressing additional on the longest possible length. So they are often close to obstacles, such as walls, poles or spacers of the structure. This arrangement makes it difficult to set up a tensioning jack frames.

C'est pourquoi, il est généralement nécessaire d'écarter le bossage de l'obstacle pour permettre de disposer d'un espace suffisant pour loger le vérin, ce qui a pour effet de limiter la précontrainte à une sous-partie seulement de l'ouvrage. De façon alternative, le bossage peut être placé à proximité de l'obstacle, à condition toutefois de pratiquer une ouverture dans cet obstacle pour permettre la mise en place du vérin. L'application de la précontrainte qui en résulte est meilleure que dans le cas précédent, mais cette solution oblige à effectuer des travaux de destruction ou de carottage du béton.That is why it is usually necessary to separate the boss from the obstacle to allow to have enough space to house the cylinder, which has the effect of limiting prestressing to only one subpart of the work. Alternatively, the boss can be placed near the obstacle, provided however that an opening in this obstacle to allow the installation of the cylinder. The application of prestressing which result is better than in the previous case, but this solution requires carry out destruction or coring work on the concrete.

Un but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients des techniques actuelles rappelées ci-dessus, en autorisant l'application d'une précontrainte sur une bonne partie de l'élément d'ouvrage à renforcer, tout en évitant la mise en oeuvre de travaux de destruction d'une partie de l'ouvrage en vue du renforcement.An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of current techniques recalled above, by authorizing the application of a preload on a good part of the workpiece to be reinforced, while avoiding the implementation of works of destruction of a part of the work in view of reinforcement.

Un autre but de l'invention est de disposer d'un ancrage bien adapté à l'ouvrage à renforcer, sans nécessiter d'opérations d'adaptation supplémentaire tel qu'un usinage d'une surface d'appui du bloc d'ancrage sur un élément de l'ouvrage à renforcer.Another object of the invention is to have an anchor well adapted to the work to be reinforced, without requiring additional adaptation operations such as a machining of a bearing surface of the anchor block on an element of the work to be reinforced.

L'invention propose ainsi une pièce d'ancrage pour ancrer, sur un élément de construction à renforcer ou à réparer par précontrainte additionnelle, au moins une armature de précontrainte apte à être mise en tension, comprenant des moyens de fixation sur ledit élément de construction et des moyens d'ancrage de l'armature adjacents à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature. Selon l'invention, les moyens de fixation sont adjacents à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté, et la pièce d'ancrage est agencée pour être mise en traction lorsque l'armature est tendue.The invention thus proposes an anchoring piece for anchoring, on a structural element to be reinforced or repaired by prestressing additional, at least one prestressing frame capable of being voltage, comprising fixing means on said building element and means for anchoring the reinforcement adjacent to a first side of the workpiece directed towards a running part of the frame. According to the invention, the means of fasteners are adjacent to a second side of the room opposite the first side, and the anchor is arranged to be put in tension when the frame is stretched.

Lorsqu'il faut renforcer par précontrainte additionnelle une portion de l'ouvrage dont les extrémités ne sont pas aisément accessibles, cette pièce d'ancrage permet d'apporter la contrainte de compression souhaitée sur la totalité de la zone considérée. Comme elle travaille essentiellement en traction entre les moyens d'ancrage adjacents au premier côté et les moyens de fixation adjacents au second côté opposé, la contrainte de compression est appliquée à la structure jusqu'aux moyens de fixation, c'est-à-dire quasiment jusqu'au second côté. Ce côté peut être disposé tout proche d'un obstacle qui gênerait la mise en oeuvre d'ancrage conventionnels.When it is necessary to reinforce by additional prestressing a portion of the work whose ends are not easily accessible, this piece anchoring allows to bring the desired compression stress on the entire area. Since she works mainly in traction between the anchoring means adjacent to the first side and the means of fastening adjacent to the second opposite side, the compressive stress is applied to the structure to the fixing means, that is to say almost to the second side. This side can be placed very close to an obstacle that would hinder the implementation of conventional anchoring.

L'invention propose en outre un procédé de renforcement ou de réparation d'un ouvrage d'art par précontrainte additionnelle comportant la mise en oeuvre d'une telle pièce d'ancrage. Ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • fixer sur un élément de construction de l'ouvrage d'art, au moins une pièce d'ancrage comprenant une portion apte à effectuer un ancrage d'une extrémité au moins d'une armature de précontrainte fixée à son autre extrémité à l'ouvrage d'art, ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage étant adjacente à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, la fixation sur l'élément de construction étant adjacente à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté;
  • mettre en tension l'armature de précontrainte; et
  • ancrer l'armature de précontrainte dans ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage, de manière à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit mise en traction.
The invention further provides a method of reinforcing or repairing a structure by additional prestressing including the implementation of such an anchor. This process comprises the following steps:
  • fastening to a construction element of the structure, at least one anchoring piece comprising a portion capable of anchoring at least one end of a prestressing reinforcement fixed at its other end to the structure of art, said portion of the anchoring piece being adjacent to a first side of the piece directed towards a running portion of the frame, the fastening on the building element being adjacent to a second side of the piece located at the opposite of the first side;
  • tensioning the prestressing frame; and
  • anchoring the prestressing reinforcement in said portion of the anchor, so that the anchor is put in tension.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1, déjà commentée, est une vue en coupe schématisée d'un dispositif de renforcement d'un ouvrage par précontrainte additionnelle tel que spécifié dans la norme afnor NF P 95-104 ;
  • la figure 2 est un schéma simplifié d'une pièce d'ancrage selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une portion de la pièce d'ancrage de la figure 2 et de l'ancrage réalisé dans cette portion ; et
  • la figure 4 représente un mode de renforcement d'un élément de structure selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in the following description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1, already commented, is a schematic sectional view of a reinforcing device of a structure by additional prestressing as specified in the afnor NF P 95-104;
  • Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of an anchor according to the invention;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the anchor of Figure 2 and the anchor made in this portion; and
  • FIG. 4 represents a reinforcement mode of a structural element according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une pièce d'ancrage 6 selon l'invention. Cette pièce est apte à réaliser l'ancrage d'une armature ou d'un ensemble d'armatures pour renforcer un élément de construction par précontrainte additionnelle.FIG. 2 represents an anchoring piece 6 according to the invention. This piece is suitable for anchoring an armature or a set reinforcement to reinforce a prestressed construction element additional.

De façon classique, les armatures utilisées pour réaliser la précontrainte sont métalliques. Il peut notamment s'agir de torons 5 aptes à être mis en tension et formant un câble dans leur partie courante, c'est-à-dire entre les zones d'ancrage. Les torons sont généralement protégés de la corrosion dans leur partie courante, par exemple grâce à une gaine 4 en polyéthylène à haute densité (PEHD) entourant les torons et injectée d'un coulis de ciment ou d'un produit souple non adhérent, comme de la graisse ou de la cire.In a classical way, the reinforcements used to realize the prestressing are metallic. It may in particular be strands 5 capable of be put in tension and forming a cable in their current part, that is to say between the anchor zones. The strands are generally protected from corrosion in their current part, for example thanks to a sheath 4 in high density polyethylene (HDPE) surrounding the strands and injected cement grout or a non-adherent flexible product, such as grease or wax.

La pièce d'ancrage 6 est monobloc et compacte. Elle est avantageusement réalisée en fonte. A l'une de ses extrémités (à droite sur la figure 2), elle comprend un orifice permettant de recevoir au moins un toron 5 du câble dont la gaine s'arrête à l'entrée de la pièce d'ancrage. Un logement 8 est prévu dans la pièce 6 pour recevoir l'extrémité du toron 5. Il est ouvert sur une face de la pièce d'ancrage 6, de manière à ce que l'extrémité du toron 5 ancré soit accessible depuis l'extérieur de la pièce 6.The anchor 6 is monobloc and compact. She is advantageously made of cast iron. At one of its ends (right on the 2), it comprises an orifice for receiving at least one strand 5 cable whose sheath stops at the entrance of the anchor. Housing 8 is provided in the room 6 to receive the end of the strand 5. It is open on one face of the anchoring piece 6, so that the end of the strand 5 anchored be accessible from outside the room 6.

La figure 3 montre plus spécifiquement un exemple d'ancrage réalisé dans la pièce 6. Le toron 5 pénètre dans la pièce d'ancrage 6. L'extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage recevant le toron possède un orifice apte à recevoir un mors d'ancrage. L'orifice peut par exemple être tronconique, auquel cas le mors 10 se coince dans l'orifice par coincement conique. Une fois le toron 5 mis en tension pour réaliser la précontrainte, il sera alors retenu fermement par le mors 10.Figure 3 shows more specifically an example of anchoring realized in the piece 6. The strand 5 penetrates into the anchor piece 6. The end of the anchor receiving the strand has a hole adapted to receive a jaw anchor. The orifice may for example be frustoconical, in which case the jaw 10 gets stuck in the hole by conical jamming. Once the strand 5 has been voltage to achieve prestressing, it will then be held firmly by the jaws 10.

Par ailleurs, dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la pièce 6 réalisée en fonte peut être moulée pour présenter des orifices autorisant une étanchéité des raccordements de la gaine 4 du câble de précontrainte avec la pièce 6. Un tube de raccordement 9 ainsi que des joints d'étanchéité peuvent alors être placés dans ces orifices à l'entrée de la pièce 6 pour assurer une telle étanchéité.Moreover, in an advantageous embodiment, the piece 6 made of cast iron can be molded to provide orifices allowing a sealing of the connections of the sheath 4 of the prestressing cable with the 6. A connecting pipe 9 and seals may then be placed in these openings at the entrance of room 6 to ensure a such sealing.

La pièce d'ancrage 6 possède en outre des moyens de fixation sur l'élément de construction à renforcer ou à réparer, qui peut être par exemple un plancher de bâtiment industriel. La figure 4 montre un exemple de fixation de la pièce d'ancrage 6 sur un plancher 12. La fixation de la pièce 6 peut par exemple être effectuée par clouage d'une ou plusieurs barres de précontrainte 14 sur le plancher 12. Dans ce cas, des orifices 7 peuvent être prévus dans la pièce 6 pour permettre l'introduction des barres de précontrainte.The anchor piece 6 also has fastening means on the building element to be reinforced or repaired, which may for example be a industrial building floor. Figure 4 shows an example of fixing the anchoring piece 6 on a floor 12. The fixing of the piece 6 can by example be performed by nailing one or more prestressing bars 14 in the floor 12. In this case, orifices 7 may be provided in the piece 6 to allow the introduction of prestressing bars.

Selon l'invention, la pièce d'ancrage 6 est réalisée de façon à pouvoir être fixée sur l'élément à renforcer, dans sa partie opposée à l'ancrage du toron 5, c'est-à-dire dans la partie de la pièce 6 la plus lointaine de la partie courante du câble de précontrainte. Ainsi, sur les figures 2 et 4, les orifices 7 aptes à recevoir les barres de précontrainte 14 sont situés dans la partie gauche de la pièce 6.According to the invention, the anchoring piece 6 is made in such a way as to be able to to be fixed on the element to be reinforced, in its opposite part to the anchoring of the strand 5, that is to say in the part of the room 6 farthest from the current part prestressing cable. Thus, in FIGS. 2 and 4, the orifices 7 capable of receive the prestress bars 14 are located in the left part of the room 6.

On comprend donc que la pièce d'ancrage 6, telle que représentée sur la figure 4, est mise en traction lorsque le toron 5 est tendu. En effet, le toron 5 exerce une force de traction sur la partie droite de la pièce 6 en direction de la partie courante du câble, tandis que la pièce 6 est retenue sur le plancher 12 grâce au clouage effectué dans sa partie gauche. Ce type d'ancrage diffère donc des bossages 1 classiques tels que représentés sur la figure 1, lesquels sont comprimés contre un élément de structure par l'effet de la force exercée par le câble de précontrainte tendu 2.It is therefore understood that the anchoring piece 6, as represented on Figure 4 is put in tension when the strand 5 is stretched. Indeed, the strand 5 exerts a pulling force on the right side of the workpiece 6 towards the part of the cable, while part 6 is held on the floor 12 thanks to the nailing done on the left side. This type of anchorage differs therefore conventional bosses 1 as shown in FIG. are compressed against a structural element by the effect of the force exerted by the tensioned tendon 2.

L'ensemble ainsi constitué permet donc de transmettre à la structure à renforcer, la résultante des efforts de clouage et de mise en tension.The assembly thus constituted makes it possible to transmit to the structure reinforce, the resultant nailing and tensioning efforts.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la pièce d'ancrage 6, fixée sur le plancher 12 en béton, possède une surface d'appui avec l'élément de construction, comportant des stries moulées. Un tel moulage de la fonte permet d'obtenir un accrochage efficace de la pièce 6 au béton, sans avoir à effectuer des opérations coûteuses supplémentaires par exemple d'usinage de la pièce 6.In an advantageous embodiment, the anchoring piece 6, fixed on the concrete floor 12, has a bearing surface with the element of construction, having molded striations. Such casting of cast iron allows to obtain an effective attachment of the piece 6 to the concrete, without having to carry out additional expensive operations such as machining the workpiece 6.

La disposition prévue par l'invention est particulièrement avantageuse car elle permet de réaliser la mise en tension du toron 5, sans avoir à écarter l'ancrage du mur ou de l'obstacle 13 qui fait dos à la pièce d'ancrage 6. En effet, l'extrémité du toron 5 est accessible au niveau du logement 8 de la pièce 6, qui se trouve à distance de la zone de fixation de la pièce (illustré par les orifices 7). Un vérin de mise en tension, équipé d'un nez courbe, peut aisément être installé dans l'espace disponible sous la pièce 6. On évite ainsi de recourir à des travaux de destruction ou de carottage du mur 13, pour pouvoir tendre le toron 5, contrairement à ce qui se produit avec les bossages habituels.The arrangement provided by the invention is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to tension the strand 5, without having to discard the anchoring of the wall or obstacle 13 which backs the anchoring piece 6. In indeed, the end of the strand 5 is accessible at the housing 8 of the room 6, which is at a distance from the part fixing area (illustrated by the orifices 7). A tensioning cylinder, equipped with a curved nose, can easily to be installed in the space available under room 6. This avoids the need for destruction or coring work on the wall 13, so that it can be strand 5, unlike what happens with the usual bosses.

En outre, une telle disposition permet, après mise en tension et recépage du toron 5, d'avoir une surlongueur de câble suffisante pour retendre ou, au contraire, détendre le toron.In addition, such an arrangement allows, after tensioning and strand 5, to have enough cable length to tighten or, on the contrary, relax the strand.

De façon avantageuse, un capot ou un fourreau de protection 11 peut être installé pour protéger l'extrémité du toron 5 depuis sa sortie du logement 8, comme illustré sur la figure 4.Advantageously, a cover or protective sheath 11 can be installed to protect the end of the strand 5 from its exit from the housing 8, as shown in Figure 4.

Lorsque les efforts de précontrainte à appliquer sont très importants, les barres de précontrainte "clouant" les pièces d'ancrage sur la structure peuvent ne pas suffire à ancrer en totalité l'effort du câble sur la structure par frottement, car le coefficient de frottement de la fonte crantée sur le béton (de l'ordre de 0,6) impose une force de clouage très importante. Dans ce cas, il peut être avantageux de transmettre les efforts entre la pièce d'ancrage et la structure en combinant le frottement et un appui direct. L'appui direct est par exemple obtenu à l'aide d'un évidement 17 prévu sous forme d'un trou non débouchant sur la face de la pièce d'ancrage qui est destinée à être appliquée contre la structure (figure 2). Lors des travaux, on fixe sur la structure un plot de butée de forme complémentaire de celle de l'évidement 17. Pour assurer une bonne répartition des efforts entre frottement et appui direct, il convient d'éviter tout jeu au niveau du plot, ce que l'on obtient en injectant l'évidement 17 avec un produit de scellement au moment où on met en place la pièce d'ancrage 6. Ce produit de scellement est par exemple une résine pâteuse ou un mortier.When the prestressing forces to be applied are very important, the prestressing bars "nailing" the anchors onto the structure may not be sufficient to anchor the entire cable stress on the structure by friction, because the coefficient of friction of notched cast iron on concrete (from the order of 0.6) imposes a very important nailing force. In this case, he may be advantageous to transmit the forces between the anchor and the structure by combining friction and direct support. Direct support is by example obtained using a recess 17 provided in the form of a hole opening onto the face of the anchor which is intended to be applied against the structure (Figure 2). During the works, a stud is fixed on the structure form stop complementary to that of the recess. a good distribution of the forces between friction and direct support, it is advisable to avoid any play at the stud, which is obtained by injecting the recess 17 with a sealant at the moment the part is put in place 6. This sealant is for example a pasty resin or a mortar.

Claims (16)

Pièce d'ancrage (6) pour ancrer, sur un élément de construction (12) à renforcer ou à réparer par précontrainte additionnelle, au moins une armature de précontrainte apte à être mise en tension, comprenant des moyens de fixation sur ledit élément de construction et des moyens d'ancrage de l'armature adjacents à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de fixation sont adjacents à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté, la pièce d'ancrage étant agencée pour être mise en traction lorsque l'armature est tendue.Anchoring piece (6) for anchoring, on a building element (12) to be reinforced or repaired by additional prestressing, at least one prestressing frame capable of being tensioned, comprising fixing means on said building element and means for anchoring the armature adjacent to a first side of the workpiece directed towards a running part of the armature, characterized in that the fastening means are adjacent to a second side of the opposite piece on the first side, the anchoring piece being arranged to be put in tension when the reinforcement is stretched. Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est en fonte.Anchoring piece according to claim 1, characterized in that it is cast iron. Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle les moyens de fixation comprennent des moyens de clouage sur ledit élément de construction par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une barre de précontrainte (14).Anchoring member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixing means comprise nailing means on said element of construction via at least one prestress bar (14). Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les moyens de fixation sur l'élément de construction sont introduits dans au moins un orifice (7) de la pièce d'ancrage.Anchoring member according to any one of the claims in which the fastening means on the construction element are introduced into at least one orifice (7) of the anchoring piece. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant une face d'appui contre ledit élément de construction (12), ladite face d'appui comportant des stries moulées.Anchoring member according to any one of the claims preceding, comprising a bearing surface against said element of construction (12), said bearing face having molded ridges. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'élément de construction comprend un obstacle (13) situé à l'opposé d'une partie courante de l'armature, et dans laquelle ladite pièce d'ancrage est fixée sur l'élément de construction (12) via lesdits moyens de fixation, de façon à être positionnée sensiblement à proximité dudit obstacle. Anchoring member according to any one of the claims in which the construction element includes an obstacle (13) located opposite a current portion of the frame, and wherein said anchor piece is fixed on the construction element (12) via said means fixing, so as to be positioned substantially in the vicinity of said obstacle. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'armature est constituée en un câble de précontrainte entouré d'une gaine (4), dans sa partie courante, la pièce d'ancrage comprenant au moins un orifice adjacent au premier côté et assurant un raccordement étanche avec ladite gaine du câble.Anchoring member according to any one of the claims in which the armature is constituted by a cable of prestressing surrounded by a sheath (4), in its current part, the part anchor comprising at least one orifice adjacent to the first side and ensuring a sealed connection with said cable sheath. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre des moyens (17) d'appui direct sur un organe de butée fixé à l'élément de construction.Anchoring member according to any one of the claims preceding, further comprising means (17) for direct support on a stop member fixed to the construction element. Procédé de renforcement ou de réparation d'un ouvrage d'art par précontrainte additionnelle, comprenant les étapes suivantes: fixer sur un élément de construction (12) de l'ouvrage d'art, au moins une pièce d'ancrage (6) comprenant une portion apte à effectuer un ancrage d'une extrémité au moins d'une armature de précontrainte fixée à son autre extrémité à l'ouvrage d'art, ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage étant adjacente à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, la fixation sur l'élément de construction étant adjacente à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté; mettre en tension l'armature de précontrainte; et ancrer l'armature de précontrainte dans ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage, de manière à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit mise en traction. A method of reinforcing or repairing a structure by additional prestressing, comprising the following steps: fastening on a construction element (12) of the structure, at least one anchoring piece (6) comprising a portion capable of anchoring at least one end of a prestressing reinforcement fixed to its another end to the structure, said portion of the anchor being adjacent to a first side of the workpiece facing a current portion of the frame, the attachment to the building element being adjacent to a second side of the room opposite the first side; tensioning the prestressing frame; and anchoring the prestressing reinforcement in said portion of the anchor, so that the anchor is put in tension. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la pièce d'ancrage est en fonte.The method of claim 9, wherein the anchor is cast. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction (12) comprend un clouage par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une barre de précontrainte (14).A method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the fixing of the anchoring piece (6) on the construction element (12) comprises a nailing by via at least one prestress bar (14). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction (12) comprend l'introduction de moyens de fixation dans au moins un orifice (7) de la pièce d'ancrage. Process according to any one of claims 9 to 11, in which attachment of the anchor (6) to the construction element (12) comprises the introduction of fastening means in at least one orifice (7) of the anchor. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction (12) comprend l'application d'une face d'appui comportant des stries moulées de la pièce d'ancrage contre l'élément de construction.Process according to any one of claims 9 to 12, in which attachment of the anchor (6) to the construction element (12) comprises the application of a bearing face having molded striations of the anchor piece against the building element. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, dans lequel l'élément de construction (12) comprend un obstacle (13) situé à l'opposé d'une partie courante de l'armature, et dans lequel la fixation de la pièce d'ancrage (6) sur l'élément de construction est effectuée de façon à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit positionnée sensiblement à proximité dudit obstacle.Process according to any one of claims 9 to 13, in which the construction element (12) comprises an obstacle (13) located at the opposite of a running part of the armature, and in which the fixing of the anchoring piece (6) on the construction element is carried out so that that the anchor piece is positioned substantially close to said obstacle. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, dans lequel l'armature est constituée en un câble de précontrainte entouré d'une gaine (4), dans sa partie courante, et dans lequel l'ancrage de l'armature comprend une introduction de l'extrémité de l'armature dans au moins un orifice de ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage (6) apte à effectuer un ancrage, de manière à autoriser un raccordement étanche entre la pièce d'ancrage et la gaine du câble.Process according to any one of claims 9 to 14, in the armature is constituted by a prestressing cable surrounded by a sheath (4), in its current part, and in which the anchoring of the frame includes an introduction of the end of the frame into at least one orifice of said portion of the anchoring piece (6) suitable for anchoring, in order to allow a tight connection between the anchor and the cable sheath. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel on fixe en outre à l'élément de construction un organe de butée pour coopérer avec des moyens d'appui (17) prévus sur la pièce d'ancrage (6), et dans lequel on injecte un produit de scellement entre l'organe de butée et les moyens d'appui au moment où on met en place la pièce d'ancrage sur l'élément de construction (12).Process according to any one of claims 9 to 15, in which is further fixed to the construction element a stop member for cooperate with support means (17) provided on the anchor (6), and wherein a sealant is injected between the abutment member and the means of support at the moment when the anchoring piece is placed on the building element (12).
EP04291892.0A 2003-07-28 2004-07-23 Method of reinforcing a building structure and anchoring device therefor Expired - Lifetime EP1503007B1 (en)

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JP2005048586A (en) 2005-02-24
US20050028477A1 (en) 2005-02-10
US20120011788A1 (en) 2012-01-19
JP4563747B2 (en) 2010-10-13
FR2858345A1 (en) 2005-02-04
ES2782349T3 (en) 2020-09-14
US8104246B2 (en) 2012-01-31
EP1503007B1 (en) 2020-01-15
US8333047B2 (en) 2012-12-18
FR2858345B1 (en) 2007-04-20

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