EP1433245A1 - Voltage converter - Google Patents

Voltage converter

Info

Publication number
EP1433245A1
EP1433245A1 EP02800211A EP02800211A EP1433245A1 EP 1433245 A1 EP1433245 A1 EP 1433245A1 EP 02800211 A EP02800211 A EP 02800211A EP 02800211 A EP02800211 A EP 02800211A EP 1433245 A1 EP1433245 A1 EP 1433245A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
primary
voltage
converter
converter according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02800211A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Serge Bruno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Somfy SA
Original Assignee
Somfy SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Somfy SA filed Critical Somfy SA
Publication of EP1433245A1 publication Critical patent/EP1433245A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2176—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only comprising a passive stage to generate a rectified sinusoidal voltage and a controlled switching element in series between such stage and the output

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a voltage converter comprising two input terminals, between which are arranged at least one current limiter, a switch controlled by a control device in synchronization with the supply voltage and a storage capacitor and of which the two output terminals are taken from the storage capacitor.
  • the current limiter consists of a resistive element, that is to say a resistor.
  • the presence of a current limiter placed in series with the controlled switch and with the storage capacitor is necessary because these voltage converters must lower the network voltage, for example 230 V, to a relatively low voltage, generally close to 12 V.
  • the current limiter is notably dimensioned so that the intensity of the current flowing through the controlled switch does not exceed an admissible value during the entire duration of conduction of this switch. Heat losses in the resistor used as current limiter are proportional to the square of the rms value of the current drawn by the converter on the network. Any reduction in this current, for the same useful power value, therefore appreciably improves the efficiency of the converter.
  • the invention proposes to reduce this current very significantly.
  • the converter according to the invention is characterized in that the current limiter consists of at least the primary of a transformer, the secondary of which supplies a rectifier, the output terminals of which are connected to the output terminals of the converter. .
  • the transformer comprises at least one primary winding, a magnetic circuit and a secondary winding, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the rectifier, the outputs of the rectifier being connected in parallel to the capacitor. Due to this connection, the transformer does not require galvanic isolation between the windings. On the other hand, it is interesting that the transformer has excellent coupling between the windings. According to one embodiment, the enamelled wires of the primary and secondary are wound simultaneously. This is not a disadvantage since a weak insulation is sufficient.
  • the current limiter, the switch and the capacitor can be arranged in series connection, the voltage applied between the input terminals being alternately rectified.
  • the current limiter can also be arranged in series with a bridge rectifier, the outputs of which are connected to the switch and to the capacitor, connected in series, the voltage applied between the input terminals being alternating.
  • the primary and secondary windings have the same number of turns.
  • transformers of ratio 1 are always used to allow galvanic isolation between two circuits, while the converter according to the embodiments of the invention uses a transformer of ratio 1 and at low isolation, breaking with the habits of a person skilled in the art.
  • the ratio of the number of turns between secondary and primary of the transformer is less than 1, for example 0.5.
  • a greater voltage drop will be obtained across the terminals of the primary, which is all the more favorable for the reduction in the protective resistance. It is not excluded that such a choice allows, in certain cases, the suppression of the protective resistance, this being necessary only when the rectified input voltage has a very high amplitude compared to the voltage Release.
  • the primary winding of the transformer can be used as an inductor for filtering disturbances conducted on the mains.
  • Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of the converter according to a first embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is an electrical diagram of the converter according to a second embodiment.
  • the voltage converter shown has two input terminals A and B to which a rectified alternating voltage U, for example the mains voltage.
  • the converter comprises an energy storage capacitor 1 supplied by a switch 2, in this case a MOS or field effect transistor controlled by a control block 3 and in series with the primary 51 of a transformer 5 and a current limiting resistor 6.
  • the control unit 3 is produced as in the prior art, for example as described in patent EP 0 921 628. It controls the opening and closing of the switch 2 by the grid of the transistor 2 whose drain is connected to the primary 51 of the transformer and the source is connected to the capacitor 1, that is to say at the output S of the converter.
  • the transformer 5 further comprises a magnetic circuit 52 and a secondary winding 53, the outputs of the secondary winding being connected to the inputs of a rectifier 7 whose outputs are connected in parallel to the capacitor 1.
  • the converter supplies a user 4 shown symbolically .
  • the load 4 is in fact constituted by a voltage regulator supplying a resistive load and therefore that it absorbs a constant current 10, even if the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor 1 varies within a given range.
  • the current is impulse, of amplitude ilM. If we assume the identical conduction times between an assembly according to the invention and an assembly according to art previous, and therefore the same time course of the current, then an average value il reduced by half simply requires a value half for ilM, which means that the effective value II of il is also divided by two, compared to a device according to the prior art. This reduction ILM is obtained as a first approximation by doubling the limiting resistance.
  • the device according to the invention therefore halves the thermal losses in the limiting resistor 6.
  • the transformer used would have a ratio of the number of turns less than 1, for example 0.5, while retaining an excellent coupling between windings, which is often more difficult to achieve, we will benefit more pronounced effects.
  • the primary current in the transformer it is thus possible to obtain a ratio of 1 to 3 between an assembly according to the invention and an assembly according to the prior art and a greater voltage drop across the terminals of the primary. , which is all the more favorable for reducing the protective resistance. This is why, in certain cases, it is possible to consider removing the current limiting resistor 6.
  • a transformer with a ratio of 0.5 can be produced with excellent coupling using two primary windings and two secondary windings with the same number of turns and wound simultaneously, the two primary windings being in series and the two secondary windings in parallel.
  • the detailed operation of the converter according to the invention involves the energy stored in the transformer during the conduction of the switch and restored when the latter is opened, but this does not add to the understanding of the invention.
  • an effective input current of 200 mA is obtained.
  • a second embodiment of the converter differs in that the full-wave rectifier assembly (diodes in Graetz bridge), which in the previous case was placed upstream of A and B without appearing in FIG. 1 , is this time inserted in the series assembly to supply the branch formed by the switch (2) and the capacitor (1).
  • This rectifier assembly bears the reference 8. The point B 'is therefore not directly connected to ground.
  • a control block controls the switch 2.
  • the primary current in this one is this time bidirectional, a complete hysteresis cycle is described during each period of the network, and the flux in the magnetic circuit of the transformer can vary between the negative value and the positive value of the saturation flux instead of varying between the positive value of the saturation flux and the positive value of the residual flux.
  • the transformer sheets therefore see their operation optimized, which eventually reduces their dimensions.
  • the operation of the transformer primary having become perfectly bidirectional, it will also be possible to make use of its primary inductance to carry out the filtering of mains disturbances in conduit mode imposed by the standards. This filtering is in fact conventionally carried out by an LC circuit.
  • this filtering capacitor C is much lower than that of the storage capacitor 1: for example, 220 nF is used for the filtering capacitor C and 2200 ⁇ F for the capacitor 1.
  • an additional advantage of the invention is to allow good filtering of the sector without the need to resort to an additional inductor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a voltage converter comprising two input terminals (A', B') between which are arranged at least a current limiter (6, 5), a switch (2) controlled by a control device (3) synchronized with the supply voltage (U') and a storage capacitor (1), and whereof the two output terminals are connected on the storage capacitor. The current limiter consists of at least the primary (51) of a transformer (5) whereof the secondary (53) powers a rectifier (7) the terminals of which are connected to the terminals of the converter. The use of a transformer enables to significantly reduce the current absorbed by the converter.

Description

Convertisseur de tension.Voltage converter.
L'invention concerne un convertisseur de tension comprenant deux bornes d'entrée, entre lesquelles sont disposés au moins un limiteur de courant, un interrupteur commandé par un dispositif de commande en synchronisation avec la tension de l'alimentation et un condensateur de stockage et dont les deux bornes de sortie sont prises sur le condensateur de stockage.The invention relates to a voltage converter comprising two input terminals, between which are arranged at least one current limiter, a switch controlled by a control device in synchronization with the supply voltage and a storage capacitor and of which the two output terminals are taken from the storage capacitor.
Il s'agit donc d'un convertisseur non régulé et non isolé permettant d'obtenir une tension continue sensiblement constante à partir d'une tension alternative, notamment délivrée par le secteur à une fréquence de 50 ou 60 Hz.It is therefore an unregulated and uninsulated converter making it possible to obtain a substantially constant DC voltage from an alternating voltage, in particular delivered by the sector at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz.
De tels convertisseurs sont décrits, par exemple, dans les brevets EP 0 921 628, EP 0 763 878, GB 2 203 003, US 4,001,668 et US 4,641,233. Le limiteur de courant est constitué d'un élément résistif, c'est-à-dire d'une résistance .Such converters are described, for example, in patents EP 0 921 628, EP 0 763 878, GB 2 203 003, US 4,001,668 and US 4,641,233. The current limiter consists of a resistive element, that is to say a resistor.
La présence d'un limiteur de courant placé en série avec 1 ' interrupteur commandé et avec le condensateur de stockage est nécessaire car ces convertisseurs de tension doivent abaisser la tension du réseau, par exemple 230 V, à une tension relativement basse, généralement voisine de 12 V. Le limiteur de courant est notamment dimensionné pour que 1 ' intensité du courant parcourant 1 ' interrupteur commandé ne dépasse pas une valeur admissible pendant toute la durée de conduction de cet interrupteur. Les pertes thermiques dans la résistance utilisée comme limiteur de courant sont proportionnelles au carré de la valeur efficace du courant tiré par le convertisseur sur le réseau. Toute réduction de ce courant, pour une même valeur de puissance utile, améliore donc de façon sensible le rendement du convertisseur.The presence of a current limiter placed in series with the controlled switch and with the storage capacitor is necessary because these voltage converters must lower the network voltage, for example 230 V, to a relatively low voltage, generally close to 12 V. The current limiter is notably dimensioned so that the intensity of the current flowing through the controlled switch does not exceed an admissible value during the entire duration of conduction of this switch. Heat losses in the resistor used as current limiter are proportional to the square of the rms value of the current drawn by the converter on the network. Any reduction in this current, for the same useful power value, therefore appreciably improves the efficiency of the converter.
Partant de cette constatation, l'invention se propose de réduire très significativement ce courant.On the basis of this observation, the invention proposes to reduce this current very significantly.
A cet effet, le convertisseur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant est constitué d'au moins le primaire d'un transformateur dont le secondaire alimente un redresseur dont les bornes de sortie sont reliées aux bornes de sortie du convertisseur .To this end, the converter according to the invention is characterized in that the current limiter consists of at least the primary of a transformer, the secondary of which supplies a rectifier, the output terminals of which are connected to the output terminals of the converter. .
Le transformateur comporte au moins un enroulement primaire, un circuit magnétique et un enroulement secondaire dont les sorties sont reliées aux entrées du redresseur, les sorties du redresseur étant raccordées en parallèle sur le condensateur. Du fait de cette liaison, le transformateur ne nécessite pas d'isolation galvanique entre les enroulements. Il est par contre intéressant que le transformateur présente un excellent couplage entre les enroulements. Selon un mode d'exécution, les fils, émaillés, du primaire et du secondaire sont bobinés simultanément. Ceci n'est pas un inconvénient puisqu'une isolation faible est suffisante. Le limiteur de courant, l'interrupteur et le condensateur peuvent être disposés en montage série, la tension appliquée entre les bornes d'entrée étant alternative redressée.The transformer comprises at least one primary winding, a magnetic circuit and a secondary winding, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the rectifier, the outputs of the rectifier being connected in parallel to the capacitor. Due to this connection, the transformer does not require galvanic isolation between the windings. On the other hand, it is interesting that the transformer has excellent coupling between the windings. According to one embodiment, the enamelled wires of the primary and secondary are wound simultaneously. This is not a disadvantage since a weak insulation is sufficient. The current limiter, the switch and the capacitor can be arranged in series connection, the voltage applied between the input terminals being alternately rectified.
Le limiteur de courant peut aussi être disposé en série avec un redresseur en pont dont les sorties sont raccordées à l'interrupteur et au condensateur, branchés en série, la tension appliquée entre les bornes d'entrée étant alternative.The current limiter can also be arranged in series with a bridge rectifier, the outputs of which are connected to the switch and to the capacitor, connected in series, the voltage applied between the input terminals being alternating.
Selon un mode d'exécution, les bobinages primaire et secondaire ont le même nombre de spires.According to one embodiment, the primary and secondary windings have the same number of turns.
Ceci a non seulement pour effet de faciliter le bobinage simultané du primaire et du secondaire, mais de plus, le rapport de transformation étant égal à 1, la tension primaire ne peut dépasser en variation la tension secondaire, laquelle est bornée par la tension de sortie, supposée faible. Le transformateur utilisé voit donc sa tension primaire limitée à une faible valeur, ce qui limite de nouveau les contraintes de réalisation. La fabrication en grande série d'un tel transformateur permet donc d'obtenir des coûts beaucoup plus faibles que pour un transformateur normal.This not only has the effect of facilitating the simultaneous winding of the primary and secondary, but moreover, the transformation ratio being equal to 1, the primary voltage cannot exceed in variation the secondary voltage, which is bounded by the output voltage , assumed to be weak. The transformer used therefore sees its primary voltage limited to a low value, which again limits the production constraints. The mass production of such a transformer therefore makes it possible to obtain much lower costs than for a normal transformer.
A ce sujet, il est rappelé que les transformateurs de rapport 1 sont toujours utilisés pour permettre une isolation galvanique entre deux circuits, alors que le convertisseur selon les modes d'exécution de l'invention utilise un transformateur de rapport 1 et à faible isolation, en rupture avec les habitudes de l'homme du métier.In this regard, it is recalled that the transformers of ratio 1 are always used to allow galvanic isolation between two circuits, while the converter according to the embodiments of the invention uses a transformer of ratio 1 and at low isolation, breaking with the habits of a person skilled in the art.
Selon un autre mode d'exécution, le rapport du nombre de spires entre secondaire et primaire du transformateur est inférieur à 1, par exemple 0,5. Dans ce cas, si l'on conserve un excellent couplage entre les enroulements, on obtiendra une chute de tension plus importante aux bornes du primaire, ce qui est d'autant plus favorable à la diminution de la résistance de protection. Il n'est pas exclu qu'un tel choix permette, dans certains cas, la suppression de la résistance de protection, celle-ci n'étant nécessaire que lorsque la tension redressée d'entrée a une très forte amplitude par rapport à la tension de sortie.According to another embodiment, the ratio of the number of turns between secondary and primary of the transformer is less than 1, for example 0.5. In this case, if an excellent coupling between the windings is retained, a greater voltage drop will be obtained across the terminals of the primary, which is all the more favorable for the reduction in the protective resistance. It is not excluded that such a choice allows, in certain cases, the suppression of the protective resistance, this being necessary only when the rectified input voltage has a very high amplitude compared to the voltage Release.
Le bobinage primaire du transformateur peut être utilisé comme inductance de filtrage des perturbations conduites sur le secteur.The primary winding of the transformer can be used as an inductor for filtering disturbances conducted on the mains.
Le dessin annexé représente, à titre d'exemples, deux modes de réalisation du convertisseur selon 1 ' invention.The accompanying drawing shows, by way of example, two embodiments of the converter according to the invention.
La figure 1 est un schéma électrique du convertisseur selon un premier mode de réalisation.Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of the converter according to a first embodiment.
La figure 2 est un schéma électrique du convertisseur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation.Figure 2 is an electrical diagram of the converter according to a second embodiment.
Le convertisseur de tension représenté présente deux bornes d'entrée A et B auxquelles est appliquée une tension alternative redressée U, par exemple la tension du réseau. Le convertisseur comprend un condensateur de stockage d'énergie 1 alimenté par un interrupteur 2, en l'occurrence un transistor MOS ou à effet de champ commandé par un bloc de commande 3 et en série avec le primaire 51 d'un transformateur 5 et une résistance de limitation de courant 6. Le bloc de commande 3 est réalisé comme dans l'art antérieur, par exemple comme décrit dans le brevet EP 0 921 628. Il commande l'ouverture et la fermeture de l'interrupteur 2 par la grille du transistor 2 dont le drain est relié au primaire 51 du transformateur et la source est reliée au condensateur 1, c'est-à-dire à la sortie S du convertisseur.The voltage converter shown has two input terminals A and B to which a rectified alternating voltage U, for example the mains voltage. The converter comprises an energy storage capacitor 1 supplied by a switch 2, in this case a MOS or field effect transistor controlled by a control block 3 and in series with the primary 51 of a transformer 5 and a current limiting resistor 6. The control unit 3 is produced as in the prior art, for example as described in patent EP 0 921 628. It controls the opening and closing of the switch 2 by the grid of the transistor 2 whose drain is connected to the primary 51 of the transformer and the source is connected to the capacitor 1, that is to say at the output S of the converter.
Le transformateur 5 comporte en outre un circuit magnétique 52 et un enroulement secondaire 53, les sorties de l'enroulement secondaire étant reliées aux entrées d'un redresseur 7 dont les sorties sont raccordées en parallèle au condensateur 1. Le convertisseur alimente un utilisateur 4 représenté symboliquement .The transformer 5 further comprises a magnetic circuit 52 and a secondary winding 53, the outputs of the secondary winding being connected to the inputs of a rectifier 7 whose outputs are connected in parallel to the capacitor 1. The converter supplies a user 4 shown symbolically .
Pour le calcul qui va suivre et pour simplifier ce calcul, on se placera dans le cas d'un rapport 1 entre les enroulements du transformateur et on notera que le couplage des enroulements est parfait . On suppose également un fonctionnement parfait aussi bien pour les harmoniques que pour le fondamental du courant. La composante alternative du courant il est donc égale à tout instant à la composante alternative du courant de sortie du transformateur. En ce qui concerne le courant i2 en sortie du redresseur 7, on notera que sa valeur moyenne est égale à la valeur moyenne de il, mais qu'il n'y a pas identité.For the calculation which will follow and to simplify this calculation, one will place oneself in the case of a ratio 1 between the windings of the transformer and it will be noted that the coupling of the windings is perfect. One also supposes a perfect functioning as well for the harmonics as for the fundamental of the current. The alternating component of the current it is therefore equal at all times to the alternating component of the output current of the transformer. Regarding the current i2 at the output of rectifier 7, it will be noted that its average value is equal to the average value of it, but that there is no identity.
La valeur moyenne étant symbolisée par < >, on a donc :The average value being symbolized by <>, we therefore have:
<i2> = <il><i2> = <il>
On suppose en outre que la charge 4 est en fait constituée par un régulateur de tension alimentant une charge résistive et donc qu'elle absorbe un courant constant 10, même si la tension aux bornes du condensateur 1 varie dans une plage donnée.It is further assumed that the load 4 is in fact constituted by a voltage regulator supplying a resistive load and therefore that it absorbs a constant current 10, even if the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor 1 varies within a given range.
On a donc à tout instantSo we have at all times
ic = il + i2 - 10.ic = il + i2 - 10.
Donc, en valeurs moyennes, sachant que de <ic> = 0 et que <il> = <i2> :So, in average values, knowing that from <ic> = 0 and that <il> = <i2>:
<il> = 10/2.<il> = 10/2.
En comparaison, la valeur moyenne du courant il sera donc réduite de moitié par rapport a la valeur moyenne nécessaire avec un montage selon l'art antérieur ne faisant pas intervenir i2.In comparison, the average value of the current will therefore be reduced by half compared to the average value necessary with an assembly according to the prior art which does not involve i2.
Le courant il est impulsionnel, d'amplitude ilM. Si on suppose les durées de conduction identiques entre un montage selon l'invention et un montage selon l'art antérieur, et donc une même allure temporelle du courant, alors une valeur moyenne il réduite de moitié nécessite simplement une valeur moitié pour ilM, ce qui signifie que la valeur efficace II de il est également divisée par deux, comparée à un dispositif selon l'art antérieur. Cette réduction ilM est obtenue en première approximation par doublement de la résistance de limitation.The current is impulse, of amplitude ilM. If we assume the identical conduction times between an assembly according to the invention and an assembly according to art previous, and therefore the same time course of the current, then an average value il reduced by half simply requires a value half for ilM, which means that the effective value II of il is also divided by two, compared to a device according to the prior art. This reduction ILM is obtained as a first approximation by doubling the limiting resistance.
En comparaison avec l'art antérieur et pour une même durée de conduction, le dispositif selon l'invention divise donc par deux les pertes thermiques dans la résistance de limitation 6.In comparison with the prior art and for the same conduction duration, the device according to the invention therefore halves the thermal losses in the limiting resistor 6.
Ce calcul approché ne tient pas compte de la tension aux bornes du primaire 51 du transformateur, laquelle intervient dans le calcul de la résistance de limitation et diminue sa valeur par rapport à un doublement. Pour un transformateur sans pertes, le gain en puissance dissipée est donc en fait supérieur à 2.This approximate calculation does not take into account the voltage across the primary 51 of the transformer, which is involved in the calculation of the limiting resistance and decreases its value compared to a doubling. For a transformer without losses, the gain in dissipated power is therefore in fact greater than 2.
Il faut d'ailleurs noter que la faible excursion en tension du transformateur limite l'induction maximum dans le noyau et donc les pertes de fer, ce qui justifie partiellement l'hypothèse d'un transformateur sans pertes.It should also be noted that the low voltage excursion of the transformer limits the maximum induction in the core and therefore the iron losses, which partially justifies the assumption of a transformer without losses.
Dans une forme de réalisation où le transformateur utilisé présenterait un rapport du nombre de spires inférieur à 1, par exemple 0,5, tout en conservant un excellent couplage entre enroulements, ce qui est souvent plus délicat à réaliser, on bénéficiera d'effets plus prononcés. En ce qui concerne le courant primaire dans le transformateur, il est ainsi possible d'obtenir un rapport de 1 à 3 entre un montage selon l'invention et un montage selon l'art antérieur et une chute de tension plus importante aux bornes du primaire, ce qui est d'autant plus favorable à la diminution de la résistance de protection. C'est pourquoi, dans certains cas, il est possible d'envisager de supprimer la résistance de limitation de courant 6.In an embodiment where the transformer used would have a ratio of the number of turns less than 1, for example 0.5, while retaining an excellent coupling between windings, which is often more difficult to achieve, we will benefit more pronounced effects. With regard to the primary current in the transformer, it is thus possible to obtain a ratio of 1 to 3 between an assembly according to the invention and an assembly according to the prior art and a greater voltage drop across the terminals of the primary. , which is all the more favorable for reducing the protective resistance. This is why, in certain cases, it is possible to consider removing the current limiting resistor 6.
Un transformateur de rapport 0,5 peut être réalisé avec un excellent couplage en utilisant deux bobinages primaires et deux bobinages secondaires de même nombre de spires et bobinés simultanément, les deux bobinages primaire étant en série et les deux bobinages secondaires en parallèle.A transformer with a ratio of 0.5 can be produced with excellent coupling using two primary windings and two secondary windings with the same number of turns and wound simultaneously, the two primary windings being in series and the two secondary windings in parallel.
Le fonctionnement détaillé du convertisseur selon l'invention fait intervenir l'énergie stockée dans le transformateur lors de la conduction de 1 ' interrupteur et restituée lors de l'ouverture de celui-ci, mais cela n'ajoute pas à la compréhension de l'invention.The detailed operation of the converter according to the invention involves the energy stored in the transformer during the conduction of the switch and restored when the latter is opened, but this does not add to the understanding of the invention.
Des éléments additionnels peuvent être intercalés dans le montage, par exemple entre le condensateur de stockage et les bornes de sortie, sans pour autant qu'on s'écarte du schéma revendiqué.Additional elements can be inserted in the assembly, for example between the storage capacitor and the output terminals, without departing from the claimed scheme.
Par exemple, à partir du secteur (230 V, 50 Hz) redressé, avec une tension moyenne de sortie de 11 V et un courant moyen dans la charge 4 de 100 mA, on obtient un courant efficace d'entrée de 200 mA.For example, from the rectified mains (230 V, 50 Hz), with an average output voltage of 11 V and an average current in the load 4 of 100 mA, an effective input current of 200 mA is obtained.
Un deuxième mode de réalisation du convertisseur, représenté à la figure 2, diffère en ce que le montage redresseur double alternance (diodes en pont de Graetz) , qui dans le cas précédent était disposé en amont de A et B sans apparaître sur la figure 1, est cette fois intercalé dans le montage série pour alimenter la branche formée par l'interrupteur (2) et le condensateur (1) . Ce montage redresseur porte la référence 8. Le point B' n'est par conséquent pas directement relié à la masse.A second embodiment of the converter, shown in FIG. 2, differs in that the full-wave rectifier assembly (diodes in Graetz bridge), which in the previous case was placed upstream of A and B without appearing in FIG. 1 , is this time inserted in the series assembly to supply the branch formed by the switch (2) and the capacitor (1). This rectifier assembly bears the reference 8. The point B 'is therefore not directly connected to ground.
Un bloc de commande non représenté pilote 1 ' interrupteur 2.A control block, not shown, controls the switch 2.
La tension U' appliquée entre les points A' et B' est alternative, ces points peuvent donc être directement raccordés au secteur.The voltage U 'applied between points A' and B 'is alternating, these points can therefore be directly connected to the mains.
Par rapport au montage de la figure 1, celui-ci présente l'avantage de mieux utiliser le transformateur : le courant primaire dans celui-ci est cette fois bidirectionnel, un cycle d'hystérésis complet est décrit lors de chaque période du réseau, et le flux dans le circuit magnétique du transformateur peut varier entre la valeur négative et la valeur positive du flux de saturation au lieu de varier entre la valeur positive du flux de saturation et la valeur positive du flux rémanent. Les tôles du transformateur voient donc leur fonctionnement optimisé, ce qui permet de réduire éventuellement leurs dimensions.Compared to the assembly of FIG. 1, this has the advantage of better using the transformer: the primary current in this one is this time bidirectional, a complete hysteresis cycle is described during each period of the network, and the flux in the magnetic circuit of the transformer can vary between the negative value and the positive value of the saturation flux instead of varying between the positive value of the saturation flux and the positive value of the residual flux. The transformer sheets therefore see their operation optimized, which eventually reduces their dimensions.
Pour le reste, le fonctionnement est strictement identique à celui décrit précédemment .For the rest, the operation is strictly identical to that described above.
On remarquera également que le fonctionnement du primaire du transformateur étant devenu parfaitement bidirectionnel, on pourra également faire usage de son inductance primaire pour réaliser le filtrage des perturbations secteur en mode conduit qu' imposent les normes. Ce filtrage est en effet de manière classique réalisé par un circuit LC .It will also be noted that the operation of the transformer primary having become perfectly bidirectional, it will also be possible to make use of its primary inductance to carry out the filtering of mains disturbances in conduit mode imposed by the standards. This filtering is in fact conventionally carried out by an LC circuit.
II suffit donc par exemple de permuter la résistance 6 et le primaire du transformateur 51 (dans le cas où une résistance spécifique 6 est utilisée dans le montage) pour que l'inductance du bobinage 51 se trouve en amont du montage et de faire suivre cette inductance d'un condensateur additionnel de filtrage C dont l'autre borne est reliée au point B' .It therefore suffices for example to swap the resistor 6 and the primary of the transformer 51 (in the case where a specific resistor 6 is used in the assembly) so that the inductance of the winding 51 is located upstream of the assembly and to follow this inductance of an additional filtering capacitor C, the other terminal of which is connected to point B '.
La capacité de ce condensateur de filtrage C est beaucoup plus faible que celle du condensateur de stockage 1 : on utilise par exemple 220 nF pour le condensateur de filtrage C et 2200 μF pour le condensateur 1.The capacity of this filtering capacitor C is much lower than that of the storage capacitor 1: for example, 220 nF is used for the filtering capacitor C and 2200 μF for the capacitor 1.
On peut également diviser le bobinage primaire 51 en deux demi-enroulements et relier le condensateur C au point milieu de ces enroulements. On dispose alors d'un filtre en T, connu de l'homme du métier pour ses meilleures performances. Ainsi donc, un avantage supplémentaire de l'invention est de permettre un bon filtrage du secteur sans avoir besoin de recourir à une inductance supplémentaire. One can also divide the primary winding 51 into two half-windings and connect the capacitor C to the midpoint of these windings. We then have a T-filter, known to those skilled in the art for its better performance. Thus, an additional advantage of the invention is to allow good filtering of the sector without the need to resort to an additional inductor.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Convertisseur de tension comprenant deux bornes d'entrée (A, B ; A', B' ) entre lesquelles sont disposés au moins un limiteur de courant (6, 5) , un interrupteur (2) commandé par un dispositif de commande (3) en synchronisation avec la tension d'alimentation (U ; U' ) et un condensateur de stockage (1) , et dont les deux bornes de sortie sont prises sur le condensateur de stockage, caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant est constitué d'au moins le primaire (51) d'un transformateur (5) dont le secondaire (53) alimente un redresseur (7) dont les bornes de sortie sont reliées aux bornes de sortie du convertisseur.1. Voltage converter comprising two input terminals (A, B; A ', B') between which are arranged at least one current limiter (6, 5), a switch (2) controlled by a control device ( 3) in synchronization with the supply voltage (U; U ') and a storage capacitor (1), and the two output terminals of which are taken from the storage capacitor, characterized in that the current limiter is constituted at least the primary (51) of a transformer (5) whose secondary (53) supplies a rectifier (7) whose output terminals are connected to the output terminals of the converter.
2. Convertisseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant (6, 5), l'interrupteur (2) et le condensateur (1) sont disposés en montage série, la tension (U) appliquée entre les bornes d'entrée (A, B) étant alternative redressée.2. Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the current limiter (6, 5), the switch (2) and the capacitor (1) are arranged in series connection, the voltage (U) applied between the terminals d input (A, B) being a straightened alternative.
3. Convertisseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant (6, 5) est disposé en série avec un redresseur en pont (8) dont les sorties sont raccordées à l'interrupteur (2) et au condensateur (1), branchés en série, la tension (U' ) appliquée entre les bornes d'entrée (A', B' ) étant alternative.3. Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the current limiter (6, 5) is arranged in series with a bridge rectifier (8) whose outputs are connected to the switch (2) and to the capacitor (1 ), connected in series, the voltage (U ') applied between the input terminals (A', B ') being alternating.
4. Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les bobinages primaire et secondaire ont le même nombre de spires. 4. Converter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the primary and secondary windings have the same number of turns.
5. Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le rapport du nombre de spires du secondaire (53) et du nombre de spires du primaire (51) du transformateur est inférieur à 1.5. Converter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ratio of the number of turns of the secondary (53) and the number of turns of the primary (51) of the transformer is less than 1.
6. Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le limiteur de courant comprend en outre une résistance (6) en série avec l'enroulement primaire (51) du transformateur.6. Converter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the current limiter further comprises a resistor (6) in series with the primary winding (51) of the transformer.
7. Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les fils des bobinages primaire et secondaire du transformateur sont bobinés simultanément .7. Converter according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wires of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer are wound simultaneously.
8. Convertisseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le bobinage primaire (51) du transformateur (5) est utilisé comme inductance de filtrage des perturbations conduites sur le secteur. 8. Converter according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the primary winding (51) of the transformer (5) is used as an inductor for filtering disturbances conducted on the sector.
EP02800211A 2001-10-02 2002-09-24 Voltage converter Withdrawn EP1433245A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0112672 2001-10-02
FR0112672A FR2830383B1 (en) 2001-10-02 2001-10-02 VOLTAGE CONVERTER
PCT/IB2002/003968 WO2003030344A1 (en) 2001-10-02 2002-09-24 Voltage converter

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EP1433245A1 true EP1433245A1 (en) 2004-06-30

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US (1) US7075805B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1433245A1 (en)
JP (1) JP4261354B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100397764C (en)
AU (1) AU2002334320B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2463065A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2830383B1 (en)
PL (1) PL213666B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003030344A1 (en)

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PL2790205T3 (en) 2009-02-17 2018-10-31 Solvix Gmbh A power supply device for plasma processing

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CA2463065A1 (en) 2003-04-10
JP4261354B2 (en) 2009-04-30
PL368075A1 (en) 2005-03-21
WO2003030344A1 (en) 2003-04-10
FR2830383A1 (en) 2003-04-04
CN100397764C (en) 2008-06-25
US7075805B2 (en) 2006-07-11
US20040252527A1 (en) 2004-12-16
CN1565073A (en) 2005-01-12
JP2005505225A (en) 2005-02-17
FR2830383B1 (en) 2004-09-10
PL213666B1 (en) 2013-04-30
AU2002334320B2 (en) 2007-03-22

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