EP1418258A1 - Solid particles separator for fibre material - Google Patents

Abstract

An assembly removes foreign bodies from wool. The assembly has a vertical inlet pipe and elbow pipe to a horizontal passage in which foreign bodies are removed from cotton prior to removal of the wool. The cross-sectional area of the separation passage esp. increases with increasing proximity to the cotton outlet, reducing the speed at which the cotton advances. Immediately following discharge from the rectangular cross-section separation passage, the speed of cotton advancement increases. The elbow pipe translates through pref. 90. The separation passage and the separation container are separated by a grid that is in-line with the passage base. The rods making up the grid taper towards the outlet passage. An aperture is located between the rod ends and the passage input. The passage terminates in a one-piece baffle plate set an angle of pref. 90 to the oncoming material. The distance between the grid and the flexible baffle plate is adjustable.

Description

The invention relates to a solid-state separator for separating solid bodies such as heavy parts made of metal, stone, wood, plastic, rubber etc. as well as ropes and cords and contaminants such as stems, shell remains, leaf parts or the like Cotton fiber flakes, which are transported pneumatically with an air stream.

Cotton is a natural product, which after the harvest and the subsequent one Removal of the seeds pressed into bales is delivered to spinning mills. Especially During these first process steps, impurities in the form of Foreign bodies (solid bodies) such as heavy parts made of metal, stone, wood, plastic, rubber etc. as well as ropes and cords get into the cotton. Even impurities like Stems, shell remains, leaf parts or the like are solids that act as pollution are to be seen. These solids both pose a risk of damage to the Spinning machines, as well as loss of quality of the end product. The Early removal of these contaminants is an important task in the blow room.

The individual cotton fiber flakes are removed from the cotton bales and then with the help of a pneumatic transport between the different Processing points of the blowroom line transported further. Have new technologies Produced high-performance cards, which have an ever higher production. This requires a general increase in the volume of the fiber flock flow through the Blow room. As a result, the pneumatic material keeps increasing the volume of material Transport connections transported. This requires the solid-state separators higher throughput while maintaining the excretion rate.

EP 987354 (Marzoli) describes a device for removing dirt particles, which is built directly into a horizontal part of the pneumatic transport line. This device contains rods that are held in the fiber stream and fibers and direct polluting particles to the lower area of the channel. At the bottom A rust deflection meter is directed against the current after the rust. This Messer separates the fiber flow into two parts. The upper one contains the guts fibers and goes further in the transport channel, while the lower stream is separated into a waste container is directed. The knife causes an S-shaped deflection, and that Soiling is thrown out of the fiber flakes by centrifugal force. The disadvantage of the knife is that this increases the number of nits in the Cotton causes and thus negatively affects the quality of the end product. In addition, this system is not suitable for a very high material flow, what would lead to an increase in the gut fibers in the excreted material.

DE 3109154 (Trützschler) describes an apparatus and a method based on a similar principle. For the separation of foreign bodies from pneumatically An airflow-promoted cotton fiber flake is also used here Direction of flow of the fiber flock flow is deflected. To remove the foreign body from the Eliminating the flow rate and keeping the flow volume constant is the Fiber flock flow divided into at least two partial air flows before the deflection, it the foreign bodies are excreted from at least one of the partial air flows, and the partial air flows are combined again into a conveying air flow. At a high Volume flow, the separation will no longer be sufficient. The disadvantages of this Devices are a high proportion of good fibers in the waste and a bad one Elimination of foreign bodies.

A generally known device is a deflection of the fiber stream by 90 °, where in the second half of the deflection curve an opening with a Excretion container is attached. After the deflection, suction takes place. light Particles can be easily redirected by suction because heavy particles cause them due to their mass and volume, they tend to continue flying in the original direction and land in the container. When increasing the speed and loading of the Fluff flow is no longer the excretion principle described above can be used effectively. Especially if the force of the fiber flake flow is greater than the force needed to separate individual parts cannot do this principle work more. The fiber flake stream makes the parts to be eliminated simple get carried away before they leave.

The object of the invention is to transport solids from a pneumatically transported Eliminate fiber floc flow taking into account the high volume flow.

The solution according to the invention is an apparatus and a method for a to achieve improved separation of guts fibers and solids, the Air flow rate is reduced so that the solids have time effectively excrete.

The fiber flakes and the soiling solids, as described above, are pneumatically with the help of an air flow in round channels between the different Processing points transported in the blow room. To the fiber flock stream one To give constant speed, fans are at regular intervals built in, which can either suck or blow.

In order to be able to excrete by gravity, the density of the solids must be be larger than that of the air. However, these separable particles take time to actually drop out. An inventive solution to these solids Eliminating the stream of air fiber flakes is a significant reduction in the Speed of air fiber flake flow.

All particles, fiber flakes and solids pass through one for excretion Excretion device consisting of a horizontal excretion channel and a Excretion container, which is arranged below the excretion channel is. The excretion channel is preferably a channel with a rectangular cross section and has a length I, a width b and a height h.

An excretion only takes place in the excretion channel if the time it takes for a particle to reach the excretion container t _{b is} less than the time it takes for the particle to cross the excretion channel t _v . This is shown schematically in FIG. Particle A has a sufficiently high density and is excreted, while particle B with a low density is transported further via the excretion channel into the discharge channel.

The minimum time for the excretion t _v depends on the volume flow of the air-fiber flake flow q _v , the height h, the length I and the width b of the excretion channel, formula: t _v = (lbh) / q _v following. The elimination time t _b depends on the height h and the vertical velocity v of the particle: t _b = h / v, where v depends on the gravity, the shape and the density of the particle.
An elimination takes place just when t _v = t _b , or when h / v = (lbh) / q _v . The height will drop out of the equation. This means that the excretion surface Ib is decisive, together with the volume of the air-fiber flake flow q _v , for the smallest particle that can still be excreted.

A device according to the invention preferably consists of a feed channel which is enlarged in cross-section so that the volume of the air-fiber flake flow q _v decreases and merges into an excretion channel with a rectangular cross-section which runs above an excretion container and an extraction channel which is reduced in cross-section, until the cross section that is normally provided for the transport duct and a fan are arranged downstream.

The normal transport speed is the speed that is normally in a spinning mill is used. It depends on the construction of the transport channel, on Diameter of the used pipes and the size and quantity of the fans that are installed. The normal transport speed can then also between different spinning mills vary. The normal can continue Transport speed also fluctuate during the process, for example because of irregular loading of the air flow with fiber flakes.

A solution according to the invention provides that the air-fiber flake flow after the Cross-section change of at most 80%, preferably at most 70% or 50% or with 35% or with 25% or with 15% of the normal transport speed Excretion channel enters. The reduction of the transport speed of the air-fiber flake flow depends on the degree of excretion that is desired. If relatively small particles still have to be excreted is a greater reduction necessary, while with coarse particles a smaller reduction in speed will already deliver an effective result. However, this reduction also has an impact on the amount of good fibers - i.e. desired fiber material - in the Excretion. A setting balance should then also be new for each application to be reconsidered. The reduction options also depend on the selected length of the channel together

The maximum reduction in transport speed is from the density and the Shape of the fiber flakes dependent; these still have to remain in limbo for them can be transported safely. With coarse flakes - immediately after the bale opener - the necessary, minimum transport speed is greater than after all Cleaning steps where the fiber flakes are mostly more dissolved and some loose fibers are also carried in the air-fiber flake stream.

The length of the excretion channel is preferably adjustable so that the Degree of excretion can be adjusted; as a result, this is according to the invention Device can be used at various locations in the blow room. For example, right away after the bale opener, the device can be used to remove solids such as Example heavy parts made of metal, stone, wood, plastic, rubber etc. as well as ropes and Remove cords from the air-fiber flake stream. The inventive Device can also be used just before the card, above all Vegetable solids such as seed husks to remove the fiber flakes are then already more dissolved, and such types of vegetable solids are during the various treatment processes. The length of the device can then be adjusted so that more fine particles are still excreted become.

Although the height of the channel does not play a direct role in the excretion this has an impact on the functionality of the entire construction. Together with the depth of the waste container, a minimum depth is necessary for the excreted particles are not drawn again. The length / width ratio of the excretion channel has an additional influence on the Flow conditions in the excretion channel. The flow should pass through evenly flow the canal and eddies should be avoided as much as possible; these would have a negative effect on the excretion of the solid and / or have a possible, increased excretion of gut fibers.

Figur 2:

Schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemässen Lösung

Figur 3:

Detailzeichnung des Umlenkungskanals

Figur 4:

Schematische Darstellung des Querschnitts in Figur 1, angegeben mit A-B in Pfeilrichtung

Figur 5a und b:

Beispiele von alternativen Roststabformen, 2a in Längsrichtung und 2b im Querschnitt

Figur 6 a bis c:

Beispiele von möglichen Varianten des Aufprallblechs

Further solution variants according to the invention are explained by means of the drawings and the description below.

Figure 2:

Schematic representation of a solution according to the invention

Figure 3:

Detailed drawing of the diversion channel

Figure 4:

Schematic representation of the cross section in Figure 1, indicated with AB in the direction of the arrow

Figure 5a and b:

Examples of alternative grate bar shapes, 2a in the longitudinal direction and 2b in cross section

Figure 6 a to c:

Examples of possible variants of the impact plate

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention.
The fiber flock stream is delivered via feed channel 1, which is connected to the pneumatic transport line (not shown further) which connects various blowroom machines to one another. The feed channel is preferably enlarged in cross section to achieve a decrease in speed and has a transition from a round to a rectangular cross section. At the end of the feed channel, the fiber flock flow is deflected into the deflection channel 5. As a result, the fiber flock flow flows parallel to the grate 2 through the excretion channel 6. Sucked in by a fan, which is arranged in the pneumatic line after the solid-state separator, the fiber flock flow is transported away via the discharge channel 3, where the fiber flock flow is accelerated again to normal speed, in some cases by the suction capacity of the fan, partly because the cross-section of the duct is re-adjusted to the duct that is normally used.

The speed of the fiber flock flow can preferably be reduced even further by means of an adjustable wedge 14. This allows the exact air flow conditions be optimized. Another element, which is preferred is installed, there are adjustable false air openings in the separation tank 7 Air is sucked in by the exhaust duct and causes an air flow that the Baffle plate is guided along and thus a buoyancy of the fiber flakes in the direction Deduction. This allows the ratio between the excreted material and eliminated good fibers can be optimized.

Solids are carried in the fiber flake stream. With a decrease in The speed in the feed channel (1) becomes the solids to be separated, depending on their density and volume, their speed will be less rapid adjust that of the fiber flake flow. In the diversion channel comes in addition a centrifugal force that causes the solids to move outwards and inwards horizontal part are thrown down. The solids are heading in the direction thrown out of the grate, where they fall through directly or at the latest at the Opening after the rust.

The separated material is stored in a closed waste container (8) collected. This container can be cleaned by hand at regular intervals become. For this purpose, a tub with a closable flap (4) is preferably attached, which separates the container from the upper part to a collapse of the To prevent air conditions in the entire pneumatic channel. Also through the Slider prevents the excreted material from being sucked in again. By the tub can also be cleaned during production. As alternative a lock roller can also be installed in the container or an intermittent one Extraction system taking into account the air balance of the entire pneumatic System.

Figure 3 shows the deflection channel in more detail. With I and II there are two examples possible arrangements for the feed channel. The solids would obtain the highest centrifugal force when the deflection angle α is 180 ° would. The disadvantage would be an increased resistance in the channel, which is a higher Would require promotional energy. The deflection angle α is preferably between 70 ° and 120 °, especially 90 °. The wall of the diversion channel could be formed from a round bent sheet; is preferably the redirection not shaped as a curve, but gradually charted. This makes the Deflection channel not as a smooth slide. The solids become handled and especially lose strength parallel to that of the Is flake flow and the vertical force (equal to the direction of gravity) gets more meaning. Due to the gradual folding, the Balls of flakes also slightly dissolved.

Figure 4 shows the excretion channel in greater detail. One of the tasks of the Rust is the retention of the fiber flakes. Because the speed is considerable is reduced, a parallel current forms in the excretion channel; This creates a kind of air cushion on the surface of the grate bars, which has a positive effect on the Retain the fiber flakes in the passing airflow. This air flow and the The upholstery is so small that the vertically accelerated solid body through the Rust can be excreted. The width of the grate bars (2) and the Recesses between the grate bars are chosen so that a sufficient Elimination of the solid takes place without a lot of fiber flakes are also eliminated. Larger solids or solids by their Texture lying on the grate, but can not fall through directly, are from the Pull the current gently until the opening 9 is reached and gravity helps it excrete. The grate could preferably be arranged at a slight angle (see FIG. 6a), in particular at an angle of approximately + 5 ° to approximately -5 °, depending on the degree of pollution and the type of pollution.

The shape of the grate bars could also be chosen so that the recesses between the bars in the direction of flow, such as in Figure 5a shown. The grate bars can be made from bent sheet metal or from one massive piece of metal can be produced. The distance between the bars should be but be so small that no fiber flock flow can occur under the grate bars. Figure 5b shows a preview of examples of the profile of the rod. Is an advantage a shape that maintains the above air cushion, but at the same time the released particles and thereby a possible blockage of the Prevents rust. A sheet metal preferably has a U-shape or a U-shape Edges, both of which are slightly curved inwards, creating an open triangle. Lighter solids have a longer path before they are excreted; therefore the length of the entire excretion channel is important for the Excretion rate, especially the light solids. At the latest when they are on the Hitting the edge of the impact plate (Figure 6 (13)), they will still excreted. It would be an advantage if the distance from the teeing edge of the Sheet metal up to the end of the grate bars (a) would be adjustable so that the fineness of the excreted solid is adjustable. Depending on the degree of pollution Cotton and the desired quality of the end product can The degree of excretion can be determined. With a high degree of excretion, the Fineness of the solids in density and / or volume of that of the cotton flakes same, and the amount of gut fibers in the excretion increases.

The impact plate (10) can consist of several components: the guide side 11, the conducts the fiber flock flow into the extraction duct, the discharge side 12, - solid bounce on this side and are directed into the excretion container, - and the Teeing edge (13). In Figure 6 a to c, various examples are shown, such as Impact plate can look like.

The angle between the leading side and the tee side can be varied, preferably at an angle of at most 90 °, in particular between 90 ° and 70 ° (see schematic example in Figure 6c). This will make the bouncing Solid body is directed downwards, and this is prevented by the suction of the drainage canal.

Instead of a right-angled sheet, a one-piece profile can also be used become. An alternative solution according to the invention would be a tee-off page an elastic material so that the impact is dampened and the solids can't get a boost.

A too sharp tee can work as a knife and the number increase unwanted nits in the cotton flakes. Preferably one blunt or rounded tee edge used (Figure 6b).

Claims (20)

Device for the separation of solids from an air-fiber flake stream with at least one feed channel, a subsequent, horizontally running waste channel, a waste container which is arranged below the waste channel and has an open, common area with it and a discharge channel, which is followed by a fan , characterized in that the cross section of the feed channel increases in front of the excretion channel, so that the speed of the air-fiber flake stream decreases. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the discharge channel decreases until its cross section corresponds to a subsequent transport channel, so that the transport speed is accelerated again directly after the excretion channel. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed channel is arranged vertically and a deflection channel is arranged between the feed channel and the excretion channel. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the deflection channel causes a deflection of the air-fiber flake flow at an angle of 70 ° to 120 °, preferably 90 °. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excretion channel and the excretion container are separated by a grate which is arranged at the level of the bottom of the feed channel or of the deflection channel. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the grate is formed from grate bars which are parallel to the fiber flock flow. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the grate bars become narrower in the direction of the exhaust duct. Apparatus according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that an opening is provided between the ends of the grate bars and the entrance of the exhaust duct. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an impact plate is arranged at the entrance of the exhaust duct. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the angle between the striking side and the leading side of the impact plate is at most 90 °, preferably between 90 ° and 70 °. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the impact plate is formed from one piece. Apparatus according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the impact plate is made entirely or partially of an elastic material. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 12, characterized in that the distance between the ends of the grate bars and the impact plate is adjustable. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 13, characterized in that the tapping edge of the impact plate is arranged at the same height as the upper edge of the grate bars. Apparatus according to claim 9 to 14, characterized in that the tapping edge is arranged somewhat above the height of the upper edge of the grate bars. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excretion container and the excretion channel can be separated from one another by means of a closable flap. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross section of the excretion channel is rectangular. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the increase in the cross section of the feed channel is sufficient so that the speed of the air-fiber flake flow after the change in cross section and at the latest when entering the excretion channel is at most 80% or preferably 70% or preferably 50% or is preferably 25% or preferably 15% of the normal transport speed. Process for the elimination of solids from an air-fiber flake stream, characterized in that the speed of the air-fiber flake stream is reduced to such an extent that the solids can be eliminated by means of gravity. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the speed of the air-fiber flake flow after the change in cross section and at the latest when entering the excretion channel is at most 80% or preferably 70% or preferably 50% or preferably 25% or preferably 15% of the normal transport speed.

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