EP1206841A2 - Method and system for encoding user data, method and system for decoding encoded user data, and computer-program products and computer-readable storage media - Google Patents
Method and system for encoding user data, method and system for decoding encoded user data, and computer-program products and computer-readable storage mediaInfo
- Publication number
- EP1206841A2 EP1206841A2 EP00934928A EP00934928A EP1206841A2 EP 1206841 A2 EP1206841 A2 EP 1206841A2 EP 00934928 A EP00934928 A EP 00934928A EP 00934928 A EP00934928 A EP 00934928A EP 1206841 A2 EP1206841 A2 EP 1206841A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- user data
- data
- coding
- coding method
- error
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0014—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the source coding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1833—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/35—Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/007—Unequal error protection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for coding user data, a method and an arrangement for decoding coded user data, and corresponding computer program products and computer-readable storage media.
- a method for channel coding of compressed digital user data is known from [1].
- the task of such channel coding is the secure transmission of the compressed user data.
- Various mechanisms for error protection that is, for error detection and / or error correction, are known to ensure this task.
- the basis of such a method for error detection is usually a predeterminable number of redundancy data (redundancy bits) which are added to the compressed useful data (useful data bits) to be coded.
- the error detection or error correction takes place on the basis of the redundancy data.
- the redundancy required in particular in the case of an error-prone channel which is used to transmit the channel-coded data, can comprise up to 50% and more of the useful data to be transmitted, so that the bandwidth which is available for the transmission of the compressed useful data is at the expense of those which can be achieved Quality of the information represented by the user data is reduced.
- a method for source coding is known from [2].
- the source coding is usually used to compress useful data to be transmitted, for example: video data,
- the source coding method described in [2] is a hybrid coding method for compressing moving image data, that is to say for compressing a video data stream.
- the video data stream forms the user data in [2]. It is known that a certain level of error protection for the compressed useful data is often also achieved in the context of source coding, that is to say that the source coding has a “specific error susceptibility”.
- the error rate distortion function describes a subjective "quality" of the user data to be encoded, which can be achieved by the source coding method, depending on both a data rate (bit / sec) and an error rate of the available channel (error / bit).
- [6] describes how it can be determined which dependency the channel error has on the user data rate at a predetermined constant channel rate for a specific, predetermined channel coding method.
- [7] specifies various methods for concealing errors (error concealment).
- the invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a method and an arrangement for coding user data, as well as a method and an arrangement for decoding coded user data, as well as corresponding computer program products and computer-readable storage media, with which an improved relationship for the user data while maintaining error protection from user data rate to redundancy data rate is achieved.
- the user data are coded in accordance with a first coding method.
- the first coding method is assigned at least one predefined error parameter, which describes a susceptibility of the first coding method to errors.
- the coded user data are coded in accordance with a second coding method.
- the encoded useful data redundancy data is formed which can be used for error detection.
- the ratio of the redundancy data to the coded user data is determined depending on the error parameters.
- the determined ratio of the redundancy data to the coded user data is used in the context of the second coding method for coding the coded user data.
- a method for decoding user data encoded according to a second encoding method they are decoded according to a second decoding method, which results in a ratio of redundancy data to compressed useful data used for decoding according to at least one predefined error parameter.
- the error parameter describes a susceptibility to errors of a first coding method used for coding user data.
- the user data decoded according to the second decoding method are decoded according to a first decoding method.
- An arrangement for coding user data has a processor which is set up in such a way that the following steps can be carried out:
- the user data are encoded according to a first coding method
- At least one predefined error parameter is assigned to the first coding method, with which a susceptibility to errors of the first coding method is described,
- the coded user data are coded
- redundancy data for error detection are formed for the coded user data
- An arrangement for decoding user data coded according to a second decoding method has a processor which is set up in such a way that the following steps can be carried out: The user data coded according to the second coding method are decoded according to a second decoding method,
- a ratio of redundancy data to compressed useful data used for decoding according to the second decoding method is dependent on at least one predefined error parameter
- the error parameter describes a susceptibility to errors of a first coding method used for coding user data, • The ones decoded according to the second decoding method
- User data are decoded according to a first decoding method.
- a computer program product comprises a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored which, after it has been loaded into a memory of the computer, enables a computer to carry out the following steps for coding useful data:
- the user data are encoded according to a first coding method
- At least one predefined error parameter is assigned to the first coding method, with which a susceptibility to errors of the first coding method is described,
- the coded user data are coded
- redundancy data for error detection are formed for the coded user data
- a further computer program product comprises a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored which, after it has been loaded into a memory of the computer, enables a computer to carry out the following steps for decoding user data coded according to a second coding method:
- the user data encoded in accordance with the second coding method are decoded in accordance with a second decoding method, wherein a ratio of redundancy data to compressed user data used for decoding in accordance with the second decoding method results as a function of at least one predefined error parameter.
- the error parameter describes an error susceptibility of a first coding method used for coding user data
- the user data decoded according to the second decoding method are decoded according to a first decoding method.
- a program is stored on a computer-readable storage medium which, after it has been loaded into a memory of the computer, enables a computer to carry out the following steps for coding useful data:
- the useful data are coded in accordance with a first coding method
- At least one predefined error parameter is assigned to the first coding method, with which an error susceptibility of the first coding method is described, according to a second coding method the coded user data are coded,
- redundancy data for error detection are formed for the coded user data
- a program is stored on a computer-readable storage medium which, after it has been loaded into a memory of the computer, enables a computer to carry out the following steps for decoding user data coded in accordance with a second coding method:
- the user data coded according to the second coding method are decoded according to a second decoding method
- a ratio of redundancy data to compressed useful data used for decoding according to the second decoding method is dependent on at least one predefined error parameter
- the error parameter describes an error susceptibility of a first coding method used for coding user data
- the user data decoded according to the second decoding method are decoded according to a first decoding method.
- Redundancy data rate to the user data rate significantly improved compared to the known methods.
- the flexibility in the selection of channel coding methods and source coding methods is considerably increased. In this way, the bandwidth available for the transmission of the user data is increased or the quality of the contents described with the user data, for example the quality of an image to be encoded or a video data stream to be encoded, is considerably improved.
- a source coding method is used as the first coding method and the user data are compressed in accordance with the source coding method.
- a channel coding method is used as the second coding method and the compressed useful data are channel-coded in accordance with the channel coding method.
- the error parameter is described by means of an error rate distortion function.
- the distortion within the error rate-distortion function can be described with a signal-to-noise ratio.
- the error parameter is determined depending on the content of the user data. In this way, a context-dependent further optimization of the achievable quality of the user data to be transmitted is achieved.
- the content of the user data can be determined from the user data and, depending on the content of the user data, a set of error parameters can be selected from a predetermined set of error parameters, which is used in the context of the coding. This further training increases flexibility.
- the redundancy data can contain data for error correction.
- the ratio results from the minimum of an overall function, which is determined from a channel error function and the error parameter.
- the channel error function can describe a dependency of occurring channel errors on the user data rate at a predetermined channel rate.
- the user data can contain at least one type of the following types of user data: • audio data;
- the channel coding can be done differently for different predetermined priority classes of the user data to be transmitted. In this way, a further flexibility of the coding is achieved, wherein a different, predetermined prioritization of different types of user data to be transmitted can be taken into account.
- the invention is preferably used for the transmission of the user data in the Internet / intranet. It is also suitable for the transmission of user data in a cellular network. Furthermore, it can be used advantageously for the transmission of video data in a video telephone.
- Figure 1 is a sketch showing the individual method steps of the first embodiment
- Figure 2 shows an arrangement of two computers, a camera and a screen with which the coding, the transmission as well as the decoding and the display of the image data
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show a sketch, an error rate distortion function (see FIG. 3a), and a channel error function (see FIG. 3b).
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement with two computers 202, 208 and a camera 201.
- a camera 201 is connected to a first computer 202 via a
- the camera 201 transmits captured images 204 to the first computer 202.
- the first computer 202 has a first processor 203 which is connected to an image memory 205 via a bus 218.
- a method for image coding is carried out with the first processor 203 of the first computer 202.
- Image data 206 encoded in this way is transmitted from the first computer 202 to a second computer 208 via a communication link 207, preferably a line or a radio link.
- the second computer 208 contains a second processor 209, which is connected to an image memory 211 via a bus 210.
- a method for image decoding is carried out with the second processor 209.
- Both the first computer 202 and the second computer 208 each have a screen 212 or 213 on which the image data 204 are visualized, the visualization on the screen 212 of the first computer 202 usually being carried out only for control purposes.
- Input units are provided for operating both the first computer 202 and the second computer 208, preferably a keyboard 214 or 215, and a computer mouse 216 or 217.
- the image data 204 which are transmitted from the camera 201 to the first computer 202 via the line 219, are data in the time domain, while the data 206 which are transmitted from the first computer 202 to the second computer 208 via the communication ons connection 207 are transmitted, image data are in the spectral range.
- the decoded image data are displayed on the screen 213.
- Step 101 an image or a video data stream, i.e. a sequence of images taken with a camera and digitized.
- Fig.l also shows a first layer 102 and a second layer 103.
- the source coding of the digitized image takes place, in the second layer 103, among other things, the channel coding of the compressed image.
- the digitized images represent the useful data that are to be encoded and transmitted in the context of the exemplary embodiment.
- the first layer 102 and the second layer 103 communicate in analogy to the OSI layer model via a communication interface 104 via which the services specified by the second layer 103 are made available to the first layer 102.
- the data to be processed are made available by the first layer 102 via the communication interface 104 of the second layer 103.
- step 105 the content of the captured image is analyzed.
- the recorded sequence of images is a type a set of specified types of different reference scenes. It is checked whether the image content corresponds to a typical application, for example in video telephony, that is to say whether there is a body-shaped object in the foreground of the image, for example, and whether an immovable image background is contained in the image.
- a typical application for example in video telephony
- Other special applications can be:
- Different error rate distortion functions REDI, RED2 ..., REDi, ..., REDn are stored in a memory 106 for different types of reference scenes, that is to say for different types of image content.
- the error rate distortion function for the respective reference scene is created in accordance with the method described in [5].
- a plurality of error rate distortion functions REDI, RED2 ..., REDi, ..., REDn are stored in the memory 106.
- the error rate distortion function REDi 109 assigned to the corresponding reference scene is selected (step 107).
- step 108 source coding takes place, i.e. compression of the image data according to the method described in [2].
- Compressed image data 110 formed by the source coding and the selected error rate distortion function 109 are fed from the first layer 102 to the second layer 103 via the communication interfaces 104.
- an optimized ratio of the required redundancy rate to the useful data rate is determined depending on the error rate distortion function 109 as a function of the received error rate distortion function 109 (step 111).
- the ratio of the redundancy data rate to the user data rate is determined
- Step 112 the channel coding of the compressed image data.
- the error rate distortion function 300 describes a distortion 301 as a quality measure as a function of a user data rate (bit / sec) and an error rate 303 of the respective channel (error / bit).
- the vertical axis indicates the image distortion that is to be expected depending on the user data rate 302 and the error rate 303 in the respective image.
- the error rate distortion function 300 is determined in the first layer 102 and via the
- Communication interface 104 of the second layer 103 transmitted (symbolized by arrow 310 in FIG. 3a).
- a channel error function 320 is also stored, with which a special dependency of channel errors (error rate 321) on the user data rate 322 is stored at a predetermined constant channel rate.
- error rate 321 a special dependency of channel errors
- the channel error function 320 is determined and stored in accordance with the method described in [6] for each channel coding method available in particular.
- the optimized ratio of the redundancy data rate to the user data rate is determined on the basis of the error rate distortion function 300 and the channel error function 320, as described below:
- the error rate distortion function 300 is transmitted to the second layer 104. It is also assumed that the channel error function 320 is formed by the following expression:
- the value of the channel rate is constant.
- the user data rate is varied in the above function.
- the minimum of function (3) is determined by varying the user data rate.
- the user data rate determined in this way represents the user data rate with which the source coding method achieves an optimized quality.
- the user data are grouped into different priority classes for which because a different error protection mechanism is provided.
- the redundancy data rate is chosen to be so high that the error rate is negligible.
- a variable redundancy data rate is selected for a second priority class 402.
- the second exemplary embodiment essentially corresponds to the first exemplary embodiment with the difference that the corresponding priority class is still voted for the useful data and in the signaling information 121 a three-dimensional table is now transmitted to the second arrangement 130, which shows the image distortion as a function of the channel rate and which describes differently protected user data rates.
- the error rate distortion function is described in this case by the following function:
- the channel error function is described according to:
- Distortion (user data rate 1, user data rate 2, error rate (channel rate, user data rate 1, user data rate 2)). (6)
- the optimized ratio is now determined by varying the user data rate 1 and user data rate 2 by minimizing the rule (6).
- this should be taken into account as part of the error rate distortion function.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19925260 | 1999-06-01 | ||
DE19925260 | 1999-06-01 | ||
PCT/DE2000/001291 WO2000074245A2 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2000-04-26 | Method and system for encoding user data, in addition to computer products and computer-readable storage media |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1206841A2 true EP1206841A2 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
Family
ID=7910003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00934928A Ceased EP1206841A2 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2000-04-26 | Method and system for encoding user data, method and system for decoding encoded user data, and computer-program products and computer-readable storage media |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1206841A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000074245A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1270938B (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1997-05-16 | Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL OF THE TRANSMISSION ON A SAME CHANNEL OF INFORMATION FLOWS AT VARIABLE SPEED IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BETWEEN MOBILE VEHICLES, AND A SYSTEM USING SUCH PROCEDURE |
US5430743A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-07-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for recovering data in a radio communication system |
US5583562A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-12-10 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | System and method for transmitting a plurality of digital services including imaging services |
US6920150B1 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 2005-07-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Adaptive communications transcoding and error control |
US6405338B1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2002-06-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Unequal error protection for perceptual audio coders |
US6292917B1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2001-09-18 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Unequal error protection for digital broadcasting using channel classification |
US6223324B1 (en) * | 1999-01-05 | 2001-04-24 | Agere Systems Guardian Corp. | Multiple program unequal error protection for digital audio broadcasting and other applications |
-
2000
- 2000-04-26 EP EP00934928A patent/EP1206841A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-26 WO PCT/DE2000/001291 patent/WO2000074245A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0074245A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000074245A2 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
WO2000074245A3 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
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