EP1187760B1 - Antriebs- und fahrsystem für schiffe - Google Patents
Antriebs- und fahrsystem für schiffe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1187760B1 EP1187760B1 EP00947825A EP00947825A EP1187760B1 EP 1187760 B1 EP1187760 B1 EP 1187760B1 EP 00947825 A EP00947825 A EP 00947825A EP 00947825 A EP00947825 A EP 00947825A EP 1187760 B1 EP1187760 B1 EP 1187760B1
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- Prior art keywords
- drive
- control
- propulsion system
- rotation speed
- speed
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
- B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
- B63B1/042—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull the underpart of which being partly provided with channels or the like, e.g. catamaran shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/22—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the propulsion power units being controlled from exterior of engine room, e.g. from navigation bridge; Arrangements of order telegraphs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
- B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
- B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/50—Slowing-down means not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/16—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers characterised by being mounted in recesses; with stationary water-guiding elements; Means to prevent fouling of the propeller, e.g. guards, cages or screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
- B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
- B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
- B63H5/10—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller of coaxial type, e.g. of counter-rotative type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drive and drive system for Ships according to the preamble of claim 1 or preamble of claim 2;
- a drive and Driving system is e.g. by the publication "Siemens Schottel Propulsor (SSP).
- SSP The podded electric drive with permanent excited motor ", SIEMENS-SCHOTTEL, March 1997 (1997-03), XP000198528 known.
- SSP known drive technology is one rotatable marine propulsion, preferably in the area of Rear of a ship is arranged and at the same time the functions Drive, rudder and transverse thrust generation met.
- the SSP drive is also characterized by a low ship resistance in the most diverse hulls and needs no additional cooling, as this by the drive motor causes water flowing around in the propulsion module becomes.
- the present invention is based on the object starting from the above-mentioned prior art, a drive and To create a driving system for ships with which a comparatively high safety with regard to a reliable Maneuverability of a ship on relative achieve cost-effective manner.
- control and regulating device contributes from standardized assemblies to a relative inexpensive production.
- both subsystems are parallel are operable, one of the control and regulating device the subsystems can be used as master and the other as slave is. Due to the parallel operation of the two subsystems results in an active redundancy of the drive system, while on the other by the master-slave arrangement the control and regulating a parent Control is ensured for both subsystems. On In this way it is possible that certain tasks, such as the speed control, exclusively by the master Control and taken over and for the are locked as slave used.
- each subsystem has a programmable logic Safety device is assigned, the In addition to alarm signals automatic control and control signals generated.
- control and control signals can For example, the engine speed or the stator current immediately be reduced if a fault in one of Subsystems is detected.
- each power converter a phase current control on.
- the phase current control as a transvector preceded by field-oriented regulation, to give the drive a high degree of dynamics.
- the task the transvector control consists of the Actual values of the stator voltage, stator currents and the pole wheel position the synchronous machine the position of the magnetic flux to determine, with the setpoint of the torque-forming St Sstroms set perpendicular to the determined flow axis becomes.
- a monitoring device is provided by which the energy production and distribution in the electrical system against an overload can be protected by the drive motor. This ensures that the setpoint limits the speed when the power demanded by the given set point of the propeller the available electric power in Wiring of the ship exceeds. Moreover, it is possible to specify a changed setpoint in the event of faults in the vehicle electrical system to overload the power generator sets and thus to avoid a "black out" in the electrical system.
- the individual components of the drive and drive system arranged in at least one prefabricated container.
- This offers the possibility of independent of the drive system Construction site of the ship largely to cable and on his Function to check out.
- There a wiring of the individual components of the drive system is dispensable on the shipyard, is eliminated also the logistic registration of the individual components on the Shipyard, resulting in a simpler and more clear logistical Planning results.
- it can be based on this A flexible delivery and thus an optimal Reach the time of installation of the container. Due to a single foundation for the container instead of various foundations for the individual components is also a lesser and therefore less expensive manufacturing effort ensured.
- This may preferably be a Act GPS unit.
- This will enable using GPS systems determine the exact location of a container. Thereby the way of the container from the loading over the Transportation to be checked to destination. It offer for example. the use of existing GPS systems, e.g. the IN-MAR-SAT system already used in the maritime sector. Due to the design can easily ensure that the appropriate containers are up get the right way to the right destination.
- the GPS units as removable Units on the container, for example, consisting of units from transmitter, power supply and the like, may upon arrival the container at the right place the unit to the container removed and used again.
- This fluctuating load moment is from the speed controller or this subordinate Current regulator retraced to the speed of the Propeller as accurate as possible at the preselected To keep the speed setpoint constant.
- the resulting vibrations are not only annoying for the ship's crew, but they also bring a significant Load for the entire construction of the ship with themselves, and should therefore be avoided.
- Hydromechanically seen is the load on the ship propeller described with his Nachstromfeld.
- the variation of this Strain caused by the skeg present on the hull or Wellenbock is shown again in the inhomogeneity the Nachstromfeldes of the propeller, which itself again in a fluctuating rate of progress in circulation of the propeller blade.
- a variation in the rate of progress of Propeller reduces the cavitation safety of a propeller, because at the same time the working point of a propeller of his Approaching or exceeding the cavitation limit.
- the working point of the propeller can limit the cavitation reach or exceed and thus a cavitation which then cause significant damage to the ship and especially on the propeller.
- a cavitation also leads to impermissible pressure fluctuations and noises, in particular the utility of passenger, research and military ships significantly reduced.
- the invention provides in the context of Drive and driving system before that the control device for Vibration damping of a variable speed drive independent on the number of motors working on a shaft only provides a single speed controller, with the output signal the speed controller returned to the controller input is. Since the output signal of the speed controller approximately proportionally to that delivered by the drive Torque is, so it can when an activation of the same with a suitable phase to the actual speed value a certain insensitivity for torque fluctuations brought about become.
- this effect has the essential Advantage that the speed of the propeller is no longer accurate remains constant but is subject to fluctuations which due to the changing loads on the propeller be caused; This is the result of the hydromechanical Coupling of the Nachstromfeldes with the progress rate resulting fluctuation range reduced.
- This reduction the fluctuation margin of the progress rate arises in that the fluctuation of the load on the propeller blade, which in the inhomogeneous Nachstromfeld of am Hull existing skegs or wavebocks, due to the above effect of the invention to a change in the speed that leads by their direction and size of their Cause counteracts and thus to a damping of Fluctuation of the rate of progress of the propeller blade leads, which in terms of cavitation most at risk is.
- the recycled Output signal of the speed controller multiplied by a factor becomes.
- this feedback should not be too be chosen strongly because otherwise by the also fed back, approximately constant mean value of the drive torque a strong reduction of the speed setpoint occurred and thereby the speed controller itself in a realization of the same with PI characteristic no longer in the position would be, the drive shaft to the set speed setpoint to accelerate.
- both for the controller input signal as well as for the output of a predetermined Voltage range is available, for example. -10 V to +10 V, where the limits are each the maximum speed in forward and reverse drive correspond to or maximum motor torque, so is for the setting of a optimal level of feedback a multiplicative adjustment these two signal levels are essential.
- the multiplication factor is between 0.01% and 3%, preferably between 0.1% and 2.0%, in particular between 0.15% and 1.5%. It is a natural very low feedback because - as mentioned above - already much of the changing load requested energy from the moment of inertia of the rotor received by the electric motor, the propeller and the drive shaft and can be returned to each of these.
- a certain degree of freedom for Speed variations is granted, so can the powertrain advantageous to use as energy storage, the similar to the backup capacitor with a power supply too a smoothing of the energy consumption from the electrical supply network the drive system contributes. Therefore, lead here a slight feedback on the remarkable result, that applied by the drive motor torque is smoothed to a large extent, without this resulting in a significant, permanent control deviation from the preselected setpoint would cause.
- the static Control deviation compensated by a corrected setpoint becomes. Since the static control deviation in the inventive Control loop structure is calculable, so it can through a correction circuit are largely compensated.
- a compensation method preferred by the invention is used the estimated mean load of the drive as Output size and tries by mathematical acquisition of the Distance parameter from this the expected, static control deviation to determine and by a corresponding, opposing Adjustment of the speed setpoint to compensate.
- the route has at least Nutritionally known properties, in particular results the static, mean load moment according to a Characteristic curve from the static actual speed value.
- the drive torque increases approximately quadratically with the actual speed value. If the actual speed value should therefore correspond to a specific speed setpoint, so can from this characteristic approximately the torque determined which are approximately proportional in the static state to the controller output signal, so that also the Mean value of the feedback signal and thus the remaining one Control deviation determined. By doing so is added to the (ideal) set point, preferably additive, this results when the predicted control deviation occurs as speed actual value just the ideal Speed setpoint.
- the speed controller have a PI characteristic. This results in stationary an extremely high stability of the stationary speed actual value, thanks largely to the predistortion according to the invention coincides with the ideal speed setpoint.
- the output from the speed controller corresponding control devices of drive and driving systems is the setpoint of a Current controller of the converter or converter and may not Change faster than the electrical system of the drive device of the ship's propeller can follow dynamically.
- the dynamic Limits to load changes in the electrical system depend on the diesel generators the diesel generator plant off.
- Inverters with control reactive power e.g. Current-source, Direct converter, DC converter for DC machines and the like, require a load-dependent reactive power.
- This reactive power is provided by the excitation of the synchronous generators delivered to the diesel generator plant.
- the temporal Gradient of load-dependent reactive power from the above mentioned converters with control reactive power is in drive equipment for ship propellers about 15 to 25 times faster than the excitement of the synchronous generators of the diesel generator plant can follow.
- the invention is therefore also the object of the further develop the drive and driving system mentioned at the outset, that the electric propeller motor accelerates, delayed or electrically braked without it while in the electrical system or in the area of the diesel generator system to come from fast load changes resulting problems can.
- a minimum high and a minimum return time specified by the permissible temporal change of the reactive power output of synchronous generators the diesel generator system feeding the vehicle electrical system are dependent.
- Propulsion device for ship propellers is the high and the return time of the adaptive ramp function generator for the current setpoint of the current controller depending on the operating state the diesel power system feeding the vehicle electrical system with electrical energy changeable, with different diesel generators the diesel generator plant in different Operating conditions can be located.
- the procedure is the output of the adaptive ramp function generator the permissible dynamics described and explained above of the diesel generators.
- To create the required Freedom of speed control serve the positive and the negative offset level of the adaptive ramp function generator as well the upper and lower current value limiting units of the Speed controller.
- This makes it possible for the speed controller to the current regulator of the converter or converter to be forwarded current setpoint via a "movable window" within which is the speed controller in terms of the control of the speed is free.
- the speed controller operates with its full dynamics. It comes in the electrical system to voltage fluctuations, since the excitation of the synchronous generators the diesel generator plant the current setpoint in time can not follow anymore.
- the on-board reactive current from the Inverter or power converter of the drive device of Ship propeller generates these voltage fluctuations over the reactance of the generator.
- the size of the offset of the positive Offset level and the negative offset level and thus the Variation width or the size of the movable window is adjusted so that a resulting on-board network side Reactive current on the reactance of a synchronous generator of Diesel generator plant generates a voltage drop within the permissible voltage tolerance of the vehicle electrical system lies.
- the size of the Offsets a function of speed, with the on-board side Power factor of the modulation of the drive device of the ship propeller associated inverter or Power converter depends.
- the size of the offset is proportional to the number of supplying the electrical system with electrical energy Diesel generators, as the short-circuit power Sk "im Wiring also about proportional to the number of dining Diesel generators is.
- the control device includes a speed controller which is associated with the electric propeller motor and its output signal, the torque setpoint or Current setpoint, the speed via a converter or converter of the electric propeller motor, and a ramp function generator, in the a speed setpoint for the electric propeller motor input and by means of the speed controller a speed setpoint course can be predetermined, by which the Actual speed of the electric propeller motor at the in Ramp function generator entered speed setpoint for the electrical Propeller motor is approachable. This is the by the setpoint input from the ramp-function generator specified ramp-up time with increasing speed of the electric propeller motor increased in one to three stages to the drive device adjust the ship's propeller curve.
- the current limit of the electric propeller motor of the above described generic drive and driving system for ship propellers is roughly calculated at about 1/3 nominal moment above the respective ship propeller curve.
- the area between the current limit of the electric propeller motor and the arithmetic ship propeller curve is needed next to the acceleration moments required during acceleration processes of the ship also a reserve for heavy seas and / or To have ship maneuvers.
- staged controlled Ramp function indicators are not capable of the electric propeller motor during acceleration processes, a defined acceleration torque rather, assign them over a long distance Speed ranges of the electric propeller engine just the respective current limit free. The reason for that lies in the fact that the run-up time of the ship is a multiple the ramp-up time of this ramp-function generator type is.
- the invention is therefore also the object of the initially mentioned drive and drive system for ships such to develop that the ship's propeller by means of the electric Propeller motor of the drive device free of a Current limit can be more uniformly accelerated.
- Another is to be ensured by the inventive design be that for acceleration operations of the Ship propellers required power in the respectively desired Quantity generated by the electric propeller engine is, with unnecessary reserve power in the electrical system of Ship should be reduced or avoided.
- the Ramp-function generator is designed as an adaptive ramp-function generator and has a characteristic generator, the amount of the actual speed value the electric propeller motor is feasible.
- the adaptive ramp-function generator and its characteristic generator for the drive and drive system according to the invention for ships reached the possibility of a stationary load torque of the electric propeller motor a definable acceleration torque to give.
- this definable acceleration torque be kept fairly constant, As a result, even at times no unnecessarily high Values of this acceleration torque occur.
- the propensity of a ship propeller to Kravitieren or reduced to foam beating or suppressed become. This also applies to the case of extreme ship maneuvers.
- the drive and drive systems shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 each have a rudder propeller 10, which is made an azimuth module 11 and a gondola arranged on this Propulsion module 12 composed.
- the azimuth module 11 is connected to a body 11a via a fixed part 11a Ship connectable.
- an azimuth drive 13 is disposed through an in-boat azimuth control 70 is controlled and which drives a rotatable part 11b of the azimuth module 11.
- an energy transmission device 14 is arranged, the one located in Propulsionsmodul 12 drive motor connects to the electrical system of the ship.
- the rotatable part 11b of the azimuth module 11 has auxiliary operations, such as for electrical supply or control, up.
- the in the Propulsionsmodul 12 arranged drive motor is as a permanent magnet Synchronous machine trained and drives two Propeller 16 on.
- the stator winding of the synchronous machine has three interconnected to a 3-phase alternating current Strands on, via the energy transfer device 14 with a arranged in the ship direct converter 20, the the electrical energy of the 3-phase alternating current in one Alternating current of certain voltage, frequency and number of phases, connected.
- the direct converter 20 serves to the Speed of the drive motor, and is on its Input side via three 3-winding transformers with the Wiring connected.
- the drive system shown in Fig. 1 has a Populsionsredundanzgrad RP of 50% on. Due to this homogeneous redundancy is achieved that the drive system even when occurring an error event in one of the rudder propellers 10 is available and therefore the ship is always manoeuvrable is, especially in bad weather conditions comes to fruition.
- Fig. 2 drive and drive system is with equipped with a partial redundancy and therefore also fulfilled the safety requirements of classification societies, such as Germanischer Lloyd.
- classification societies such as Germanischer Lloyd.
- This one demands that if a driving system is equipped with only one drive motor and the ship has no further propulsion system, To build this plant is that after a fault in the power converter or in regulation and control at least a limited driving is maintained.
- the aforementioned requirement is in the drive and driving system 2, characterized in that the rudder propeller 10 with a designed as a permanent magnet synchronous machine Drive motor is provided, the stator winding has six strands, of which three each to a 3-phase alternating current interconnected and via the power transmission device 14 with a power converter arranged in the ship 20a, 20b are connected.
- the power converters 20a, 20b Each is a mains-powered 6-pulse direct converter formed and each via a 4-winding transformer trained converter transformer 30a, 30b its input side with a medium voltage switchgear 40th connected to the electrical system of the ship.
- the direct converters 20a, 20b each consist of a group of three counterparallel switched line semiconductors 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b together, for each of which a recooling system 24a, 24b is provided.
- the subsystems formed in this way are each one own regulation and control device 25a, 25b, 26a, 26b assigned, each with a low-voltage switchgear 50th the electrical system of the ship in connection, as Fig. 2 lets recognize.
- Each subsystem is further a programmable logic Safety device associated with 27a, 27b, with which generate both alarm and control signals to let.
- a monitoring device 60 serves to monitor energy production and distribution in the electrical system.
- the two subsystems are operated in parallel during normal operation.
- the control and regulating device 25a, 26a of the one Subsystem is used as a master while the device 25b, 26b of the other subsystem acts as a slave.
- a change from master to slave is only switched off Drive system possible.
- the rule and Control devices 25a, 25b, 26a, 26b of both subsystems independently from each other their respective actual values, such as Capture voltage and current is only the master serving control and regulation means 25a, 26a due their parent position for functions, such as Power plant protection, speed control, transvector control or pulse formation of the power semiconductors, both subsystems responsible. Serving as a slave control and regulating device 25b, 26b is blocked for this.
- the machine control room in which usually the medium and low voltage units and the MKR control panel and automation units are to be found, or a synchronous generator and a diesel engine or a gas turbine as a drive unit having energy generator unit.
- the serving as a prefabricated system module container is as Welded construction formed and in its dimensions for standardized transport with container ships.
- Of the Container is preferred as a so-called 20-foot container with a length of 6,055 m, a width of 2,435 m and a height of 2,591 m or as a 40-foot container with a Length of 12.190 m, a width of 2.435 m and a height standardized by 2.591 m.
- the prefabricated containers are used for this purpose usually inserted in the ship's system. This ensures a relatively easy disassembly, for example for service and maintenance purposes. Regarding the latter also have closable containers Doors making them accessible to qualified personnel.
- a container is usually with lighting and Outlets equipped and has a connection to the ship-side supply and exhaust air system or alternatively to the Air conditioning of a ship.
- a heat exchanger provided to the fresh water system the ship is connected.
- a drive and driving system provided by virtue of its redundant design a comparatively high security and reliability in terms of maneuverability guaranteed.
- the relatively high availability of the drive and driving system is mainly due to that erroneous operating states detected safely and quickly and necessary actions, such as alarm notification, power reduction or network disconnection, promptly become.
- marine propulsion systems arranged with an outboard Rudderpropeller, as provided by the SSP technology not just a natural aging and operational Wear, but also external influences, such as inclinations, vibrations, vibrations or deformations of the hull, are exposed, which can lead to disturbances are redundant drive systems for ships under safety-related aspects indispensable.
- control and Control devices 25a, 25b, 26a, 26b in a modular design from standard components, such as those under the name SIMADYN D and SIMATIC S7 are known is.
- the block circuit 101 of FIG. 3 shows the electromotive Drive 102 of the shaft 103 of a ship propeller 104 according to the engine telegraph 105 from the ship's captain predetermined speed setpoint 106 serving part of Control device of the drive and drive system.
- abrupt changes 105 of the speed setpoint 106 are implemented by a downstream ramp generator 107 in ramps with defined rise and fall speeds.
- This modified signal 108 for the speed setpoint n * passes via a summation point 109 to the input 110 of a speed controller 111, which is preferably realized with a proportional and an integral component.
- the inverted measuring signal 212 for the rotational speed n of the electric motor 102 which is determined by means of an incremental encoder 114 coupled to the shaft 113 of the electric motor 102 in the region of the B bearing plate, arrives at the input 110 of the rotational speed controller 111.
- a rotational speed proportional digital signal can be generated, which is then converted into an analog voltage 112 with the speed setpoint 108 corresponding amplitude. If the controller 111 succeeds in tracking the actual speed value n exactly to the modified speed setpoint value 108, the input signal 110 of the controller 111 becomes zero as a result of the difference formation n * -n at the summation point 109.
- the speed controller 111 changes its finite output signal 116, the amplitude of which can be understood as an acceleration or braking torque requested by the control stage. Since in the electric motor 102, which is preferably constructed as a three-phase asynchronous machine or three-phase synchronous machine, the torque generated in a suitable spin-oriented control, which will not be discussed here in detail, can be made approximately proportional to a current flow vector is so the controller output signal 116 of the speed controller 111 in the context of the circuit 101 at the same time construed as setpoint I * for a corresponding motor current and as such via a further summation point 117 to the input 118 of a secondary flow controller 119 led.
- This current regulator 119 basically also has a PI characteristic with a proportional and an integral component.
- the summation point 117 is inverted Measurement signal 120 for the motor current I, wherein the signal 120 for the actual current value I from one example.
- the power supply lines 121 of the electric motor 102 switched Shunts 122 obtained Stromistwert 123 by evaluation in a downstream transmitter 124 as an amplitude value is produced.
- This current amplitude value 120 may be at Three-phase asynchronous machines or three-phase synchronous machines 102 of the torque-forming component of the motor currents 122 detected current vector correspond, at a DC motor, however, the measured armature current can directly be used.
- the output signal 125 of the current regulator 119 reaches a Headset 126, which acts on a power converter 127.
- a Power converter 127 is on the primary side to a three-phase network 128 connected and in the case of a three-phase asynchronous machine or three-phase synchronous machine 102 as a converter, when using a DC motor 102 constructed as a power converter.
- the speed control circuit 129 subordinate current control circuit 130 ensures optimum adjustability of the engine torque 102, which in the context of the parent speed control 129 can be used to get the actual speed value 112 track the speed setpoint 108 exactly. This must the engine 102, however, a time-varying torque leave because the propeller 104 in a slip past his Leaves 131 on the existing on the hull skeg or Wellenbock experiences an increased braking torque and thus the about constant mean value of the load torque a harmonic superimposed whose frequency is about the product of the propeller speed corresponds to the number of propeller blades.
- the motor must 102 constantly apply a correspondingly varying drive torque, its reaction torque on the anchor 132nd the engine is introduced into the hull and there Causes vibrations with a corresponding frequency, which have a detrimental effect on the structure of the ship; in the opposite way the fluctuations affect the drive torque on the ship propeller and its Nachstromfeld such disadvantageous that the ship's propeller Cavitations are favored or triggered.
- the inventive countermeasure is that a part of the controller output signal 116 of the speed controller 111 is fed back 133.
- the controller 111 attempts to correct only to the correspondingly reduced speed setpoint n * -n R and thereby gives the motor 102 the opportunity to release flywheel energy from the drive train 102, 103, 104 by reducing the speed n from n * to n * -n R.
- the controller 111 of the decreasing engine speed n virtually a falling speed setpoint n * -n R is opposite and thus hardly countersteer. Therefore, the engine 102 generates no or little additional torque so that increased torque is not introduced to the engine hull 132 into the hull.
- the mean value of the speed n is slightly lower than the actual, constant speed setpoint n * , which can be seen as a permanent control deviation of about 0.2% to 1.5%.
- a compensation circuit may be inserted which n the speed setpoint * virtually by a corresponding amount adjusted upward.
- An illustrated in Figure 4 in principle drive and drive system of a ship propeller 201 has an electric Propeller engine 203 coming from a diesel generator plant 206 via a vehicle electrical system 205 and a rectifier or converter 207 with electrical energy is supplied.
- the diesel generator system 206 may have a different number of diesel generators. This usually comes Synchronous generators used.
- the ship propeller 201 is driven by a drive shaft 202 driven by the electric propeller motor 203.
- the electric propeller motor 203 is a speed control 209 and the inverter or power converter 207 with current control assigned, by means of which the speed of the output shaft 202 the electric propeller motor 203 and thus the speed of the ship propeller 201 is adjustable.
- a current regulator 208 of the conversion or power converter 207 On the input side receives a current regulator 208 of the conversion or power converter 207 a current setpoint I * 219 of a rotation speed controller 216. n The a predetermined speed * 213 corresponding current setpoint I * 219 is except for the current controller 208 from the speed controller 216 or to the input side of an adaptive ramp transmitter 226 created.
- the adaptive ramp generator 226 On the output side, the adaptive ramp generator 226 has a positive offset stage 230 and a negative offset stage 232.
- the current setpoint I * 219 is provided with a variation range, wherein an upper 231 and a lower limit 233 of this variation range are passed from the output side of the adaptive ramp generator 226 to the output side of the speed controller 216, at which an upper current value limiting unit 217 and a lower current value limiting unit 218 are provided.
- the speed controller 216 From the upper current value limiting unit 217 and the lower current value limiting unit 218, the speed controller 216 has a variable setting range within which the output-side current setpoint I * 219, which is passed on to the current controller 208, has to remain.
- predetermined limit values are taken into account by the diesel generator system 206 and the vehicle electrical system 205.
- the one variation range within which the output side of the speed controller 216 can change this leaving current setpoint I * 219 is limited. It must be taken into account here that it must be ensured that the electrical system 205 can dynamically follow the electric propeller motor 203.
- the dynamic limits for load changes in the electrical system 205 or the electric propeller motor 203 are highly dependent on the characteristics of the diesel generator system 206, wherein in principle the diesel engines and the generators of the diesel generator system 206, which are usually designed as synchronous generators, are to be considered separately.
- the adaptive ramp generator 2226 In the adaptive ramp generator 226, a high and a return time for the current setpoint I * 219, which is forwarded by the speed controller 216 to the current controller 208, given, in the design of this ramp-up and ramp-down time permissible load and discharge of the diesel engines Diesel generator plant 206 is taken into account. To take this into account, the ramp-up and ramp-down time determined in the adaptive ramp generator 226 changes proportionally with the amount of the rotational speed n 215 of the electric propeller motor 203. This ensures that the active power received by a rectifier or converter of the drive device is one of the speed n 215 of the electric propeller motor 203 has independent rise and fall time.
- a minimum ramp-up and ramp-down time is considered, which after the permissible time change of the reactive power output from the Synchronous generators of the diesel generator plant 206 directed.
- the ramp-up and ramp-down times for the current setpoint I * 219 registered in the adaptive ramp function generator 226 are changed in inverse proportion to the number of diesel generators of the diesel generator system 206.
- the active power consumed by a diesel generator of the diesel generator system 206 has an up and down time which is independent of the operation of the rectifier or converter 207.
- the speed controller 216 In the regulated state, the speed controller 216 must be in a position to be able to carry the current setpoint I * 219 to be passed on to the current controller 208 free of limitations. Otherwise occur in the electric propeller motor 203 significant beats that affect the ship as mechanical vibrations or structure-borne sound sources and promote cavitation of the ship's propeller 201 or can trigger. For this reason, the current setpoint I * 219 from the output side of the speed controller 216, as usual, continues to go directly into the current controller 208 of Um- or
- the same current setpoint also goes in parallel to the adaptive ramp-function generator 226.
- the output side of this adaptive ramp-function generator 226 thus forms the above-described permissible dynamics of the diesel generators of the diesel generator system 206.
- the output value of the adaptive ramp generator 226 goes via the positive offset stage 230 or the negative offset stage 232 to the upper current value limiting unit 217 and the lower current value limiting unit 218 of the speed controller 216
- the speed controller 216 it becomes possible for the speed controller 216 to carry the current command value I * 219 to be forwarded to the current regulator 208 of the rectifier or converter 207 of the electric propeller motor 203 within a variation range which changes with respect to its position and width, whereby this variation range virtually results results in the moving window for the current setpoint I * 219 passed from the speed controller 216 to the current controller 208.
- the speed controller 216 is free to guide the current setpoint I * 219.
- the positive and negative offset 229 is a function of the amount of speed n 215 of the electric propeller motor 203, since the on-board power factor v on the modulation of the electrical propeller motor 203 associated Um- or power converter 207 depends. Furthermore, the positive and the negative offset 229 is proportional to the number of synchronous generators of the diesel generator system 206 feeding into the electrical system 205, since the short-circuit power Sk "in the vehicle electrical system 205 is likewise approximately proportional to the number of synchronous generators of the diesel generator system 206 feeding into the vehicle electrical system 205.
- the electric propeller motor 303 is in the usual way via a converter or converter 306 from a vehicle electrical system 305 supplied with electrical energy.
- the operation of the electric propeller motor 303 is controlled by means of a speed controller 315.
- the speed controller 315 By the output signal of the speed controller 315, the torque setpoint or current setpoint I * 316, the speed of the output shaft 302 of the electric propeller motor 303 via the inverter 306 is set.
- the speed controller 315 associated with an adaptive ramp generator 311.
- the adaptive Ramp generator 311 is by means of an input unit 309th a speed command value for the electric propeller motor 303 or the ship propeller 301 entered.
- a characteristic generator 319 is provided which, depending on the magnitude of an actual speed n 314 of the output shaft 302 of the electric propeller motor 303, transmits the signal n * 312 transmitted to the speed controller 315 from the output side of the adaptive ramp-function generator 311 for adaptation of the actual speed n 314 of FIG Output shaft 302 to the set on the input unit 309 predetermined speed 310 modified according stored in him curves.
- the amount of the actual rotational speed n 314 of the output shaft 302 of the electric propeller motor 303 serves as a reference variable for the signal n * 312 forwarded by the adaptive ramp generator 311 to the rotational speed controller 315.
- Fig. 6 shows in a block diagram the various control options on the part of the control device. All about one and Output elements of the control station and the emergency control station predetermined change of the control gear takes place without setpoint jumps. By tracking the control levers on the part of the control station (bridge) and by corresponding key control on the other Control stations, a manual Fahrhebel Eisenstand is not required. With active control station (main control station: bridge) the setpoint specification of speed and thrust direction takes place the propeller drives from this, as in Fig. 6 in the shown in the upper box. With active steering position on the side of the engine control room (ECR) only the speed specification of this, as in Fig. 6 in the second box shown from above. The thrust direction specification is done by the control station on the bridge.
- ECR engine control room
- Helm changes, especially joystick, track / speed pilot and Tandem operation is not possible.
- active emergency control as a control station (Emergency Control Station ECS) takes place the setpoint specification for thrust and thrust direction together by buttons on the emergency control station.
- Joystick, Track / Speed Pilot and tandem operation are not possible.
- the individual control stations and their modules are by means of a ring bus 90 for Communication connected as shown in Fig. 6.
- Fig. 7 shows the structure of an input and output element of Control device of a drive and driving system according to the invention, which serves as the main navigation station on the bridge of a Ship is used.
- the input and output element consists it consists of several text display ads with a resolution four lines of 20 characters each.
- the Input and output element several buttons, the following be explained in more detail.
- Fig. 10a, 10b shows a as Module formed sub-range of the input and output module in Details.
- buttons “OPERATION BLOCK” With the button “OPERATION BLOCK” is the operation of the driving system prevented and the inverter of the electrical system set to controller inhibit. All function keys, which switch the respective drive, locked. Further the setpoint input is blocked by the control levers, as well the selection of the emergency operation buttons for the setpoint specification of Speed and thrust direction. The keys “OPERATION BLOCK” are protected against unintentional operation by flaps. The activated function is signaled by a continuous light. A lifting of the blockage is only possible if the Fahrhebel too stands on stop and at least two generators are on the net.
- the bridge On the input and output element on the part of the control station the bridge becomes the actual values of shaft speed and SSP position indicated for both drives.
- the ads are included a format of 96 x 96 mm.
- All displays of the input and output element of the control station on the bridge are dimmable via dimming potentiometers.
- the ads the membrane keyboard of the input and output element are realized via the integrated dimming function.
- the "Emergency Speed Control” button 410 is used to activate the Speed specification of the respective drive on the emergency control buttons placed.
- the Lamp When the emergency control is active, the Lamp in a steady light.
- the lamps light up when the button is pressed and selected Emergency control.
- the buttons are directly connected to the speed controller connected by appropriate lines (wired).
- the alarm text display 412 displays the most important fault messages displayed in plain text. For the operation of the alarm system four keys are provided, the present below the alarm text display 412 are arranged.
- the analog value display 413 can display eight analog values from the drive system represent. The analog values are over the keys described below are selected. The selected one Function is indicated by an LED. Each selected Display will automatically turn off after about 30 seconds deselected. After deselection becomes the available Power displayed (Remaining Power (kw)).
- the “Thrust Direction” button 414 is used to select the thrust direction indicator.
- the “Remaining Power” button 415 is used for Display of the available power.
- the key “Shaft Power” 416 is used to select the shaft power indicator.
- the “Shaft Speed” button 417 is used to select the shaft speed display.
- the “Stator Current” button 418 is for selection the stator current indicator.
- the button “Stator Voltage” 419 Used to select the stator voltage indicator.
- the key “Torque” 420 is used to select the torque value display.
- the module of the input and output element of the control station marked "Propulsion Mode” by the bridge, has 421 keys and displays in this area, which are used to select the operating modes.
- the keys have the following functions: In "Single Mode" (button 422), both SSP driving systems are operated separately. The driving commands for thrust direction and speed are specified by the control lever of the active control station for the respective drive. The port control joystick controls the SSP on-port side and starboard controls the SSP on the starboard side. The key 422 is released only when the control station is selected by the bridge.
- Joystick operation is selected via the "Joy Stick” button 424.
- the setpoint is set for Control angle and speed of the joystick system.
- the control levers, which have an electrical wave are over the same tracked.
- the "Joy Stick” button 424 is only on selected control station enabled by the bridge.
- Habour Mode 427 is the so-called port mode selected. In harbor mode, the SSP rotation angle is unlimited. The thrust adjustment is set to the maximum Speed provided. This is done by starting a second SSP hydraulic pump. In harbor fashion is blocked the automatic discontinuation of the generators.
- the key 427 is only with the control station selected by the bridge released by the ship.
- the "Sea Mode" button 428 is used to select Sea Mode. in the Sea mode, the control angle of the SSP is limited to about x / -35%. The thrust direction adjustment works with a hydraulic pump. Button 428 is only with the control station selected released from the bridge of the ship.
- the "Crash Stop” button 429 starts or stops the sequence Crash stop.
- the button lights up when the crash-stop function is activated with a steady light.
- the crash-stop feature will started or stopped together for all active drives (SSP).
- SSP active drives
- the button is by a protective cover against unintentional Acting protected and only with active control station released from the bridge.
- the display "Steering Control Failure” 431 shows a failure control system for SSP adjustment. It is no rudder adjustment available.
- the display "Steering Mechanic Blocked” 432 shows with a red steady light indicates that the azimuth adjustment of the SSP is mechanical is blocked. A tax with this facility is in not possible in this state. The propulsion of this plant is possible with limited moment.
- the ads 433 “Phase / Overload Pump” show phase errors or overloads of the Hydraulic pump 1 or 2 on.
- the ads 434 "Supply Power Unit 1/2 "show interference or loss of power supply for the hydraulic pump 1 or 2 for Azimuthvergna at.
- the display 435 "Electric Shaft Failure" appears with a red steady light when the electric shaft of the control lever failed for the thrust default or an error reports.
- the display 436 "Hydraulic Locking Failure" shows a loss of function the hydraulics for azimuth adjustment.
- the SSP does not follow the specified angle of rotation setpoint.
- the display 437 "Hydraulic Oil Tank Level” shows with a red steady light the loss of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system the SSP azimuth adjustment. The hydraulic oil level has then reached the minimum level.
- the display 438 "Stand-by Pump” shows a fault in the hydraulic system which led to a pressure loss. It will the inactive hydraulic pump starts automatically. The faulty pump is switched off. This is displayed Function by a red steady light. The automatic switching is only active in the "Sea Mode", which uses the Key 428 can be activated.
- the key 439 "Hydraulic pump 1/2" serves for selection and operation display the pump 1 or 2 from the hydraulic system of SSP azimuth control.
- the key 439 is only with selected control station released from the bridge of the ship.
- the display 441 "Shut Down" appears in case of complete failure the drive by an automatic shutdown.
- the display 442 "Slow Down” alerts with a red steady light an automatic reduction of the drive. An automatic Reduction can be achieved by pressing the "Slow Down Override "446.
- the display 444 "Slow Down Request" alerts with a red Flashing light the request for a reduction of the drive to protect the machine.
- Button 445 "Shut Down Override" is used to cancel one automatic shutdown.
- An automatic shutdown the by a server can be canceled indicated by a flashing red display "Shut Down”.
- the Cancellation of the shutdown is time delayed.
- the key 445 is protected by a protective cover against unintentional operation protected and only with selected control station by the Bridge of the ship released.
- Button 446 "Slow Down Override" is used to cancel one automatic reduction. An automatic reduction that can be picked up by an operator is by a flashing red indicator of the "Slow Down Override” lamp is displayed. The button 446 is only on the selected control station side the bridge of the ship released. The button is through a protective cover protected against unintentional operation.
- the display 448 "Remote Control Failure" appears when a Controlling the system with the drive lever is not possible. It must be switched to the emergency control buttons, as already explained above.
- the display 449 "90% Power" appears with a red steady light, if it is recognized by the power plant protection that 90% of the available power are reached.
- the display 450 "Power Limit Active" appears with a red one Steady light, if a limitation of the drive is active.
- the display 451 "Lever to 0" appears with a red steady light, if the system state a zero compulsion of the Driving lever required.
- the display 452 "Electric Shaft Failure" appears with a red steady light when the electric shaft of the speed command has failed or reports an error.
- the display 453 "Start Fail" appears with a red steady light, if the boot sequence is interrupted by an error becomes. After activating the stop or start sequence, the Advertisement taken back.
- the display 454 "Propulsion Failure" appears with a red Steady light when the drive control fails within recognizes the drive.
- the indicator "Converter Tripped" 455 lights up with a red one Steady light when the inverter 1 or 2 of the SSP has failed is.
- the display "Propulsion Ready” 456 appears with a green Continuous light when drive and control are ready for operation. When the start sequence has been run through and the driving system is not ready, this indicator flashes. The lamp goes out after passing through the stop sequence.
- the display "Start Blocked" 457 appears with a red one Steady light when the system is not ready to start. This means, that there is no startup enable for the boot sequence is.
- the display 458 "Converter in Operation” appears with a green steady light when the inverter unit 1 or 2 on the network and is ready.
- the "Start Propulsion" button 459 is used for automatic preparation the drive system. This includes the switching of the recooling system on driving, switching on the inverter, request the hydraulic pumps for azimuth adjustment and release the shaft brake. During the start sequence, the display flashes with green light. At rest, the sequence is the lamp out. The key 459 is only on the selected control station side the bridge of the ship released.
- the "Stop Propulsion" button 460 is used for automatic settling the drive system. This includes the switching of the recooling system on stand-by, switching off the inverter, stopping the hydraulic pumps for Azimuthvergna and insert at the end the shaft brake. During the stop sequence, the display flashes with red light. In the idle state of the sequence lights the lamp with a red steady light. The button is only on selected control station enabled by the bridge.
- the "Converter Selected” button 461 is used to select inverters 1 or 2. By pressing a button, the inverter 1 or 2 selected or deselected. There must be at least one inverter 1 or 2 selected. For selection, the system must be in the state off be. The button is only on the selected control station by the Bridge of the ship released.
- Control Station 462 are the buttons and indicators arranged to dial and Display of the active control station or control station.
- the button "Bridge Control” 463 is used to select the control station from the bridge.
- the lamp of button 463 shows the Initiation of the change of the driving gear to the bridge and the active ones Control station of the bridge.
- the "ECR Control” button 464 is used to select the control station ECR (Engine Control Room).
- the lamp of the key 464 shows the Initiation of the change of driving gear to the ECR and the active ones Control station ECR active.
- Key 466 changes the steering position of the steering wheel selected. With initiation of the transfer the key 466 flashes. The transfer takes place with the key "Take Control” 467 at the helm of the steering wheel. The signaling done with a steady light. The button is only on selected control station released by the bridge of the ship.
- the "Take Control” key 467 is for confirmation and for Takeover of the control station provided. She will be part of a Steering position switching used. Flashes when requested the "Take Control" lamp of button 467. Lights up the display with steady light, exactly this control station is activated. The Display is used to distinguish the active auxiliary control statuses on the bridge.
- the levers 470 for SSP port and starboard serve for Specification of the speed and the thrust direction of the drive.
- the Control lever of the individual control stations that is, emergency control stations, Bridge and the like, are connected to each other via an electric shaft connected. This results in a tracking of the Not selected control stations for thrust as well as thrust direction.
- the electric waves of connected to both drives In tandem mode, the electric waves of connected to both drives.
- the setpoint specification for thrust and direction for both drives via a Lever.
- the control device of the drive and driving system such as Track / Speed Pilot or the Joy Stick become the driving levers according to the reference for speed and thrust direction tracked.
- the drive lever of the input and output element of Control station on the bridge have during the joystick or Track / Speed Pilot operation an override function. The operator has the option during the operation of joy stick or track / speed pilot via the throttle 470 in the Driving operation intervene.
- the "Emergency Telephone" button can be used to select the driving commands from the helm on the bridge of the ship to the ECR the emergency control station are transmitted, as shown in Fig. 6.
- the commands of the Key telegraph sequence to be done.
- the ECR or emergency control station sounds as long as an acoustic signal until the Command of the bridge is confirmed.
- the helm stations are included - As shown in Fig. 6 and already explained - via a Ring bus connection 90 connected for communication.
- an emergency stop button 471 For each drive an emergency stop button 471 is provided, the protected by a protective cover against unintentional operation is.
- the emergency stop is from the currently active control station independently.
- the depressed key 471 is indicated by a Flashing marked.
- a SSP for port and starboard provided in the upper part of the input and output element of a bridge side Control station of the control device according to FIG. 7 .
- the ads have a size of 144 x 144 mm and are dimmable via a common dimming device.
- the dimming device is in the input and output element of the control device integrated and presently with the reference numeral 472 marked.
- Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an input and output element an emergency control station. As can be seen from FIG. 8 is, has the input and output element of the emergency control station Although fewer input and output elements on how the Fig. 7 illustrated input and output element of the control station from a bridge of a ship to emergency control However, necessary functions are also in the input and output element an emergency control gear according to FIG. 8 realized.
- an emergency control station instead of the analog value display 413 provided in FIG has the input and output element of an emergency control station according to 8 shows the actual values of the shaft power for both Drives pointer instruments on, which according to the indications for the actual values of shaft speed from SSP position approximately have the format of 96 x 96 mm.
- the modules are the input and output elements the various control stations with the control device, the control device, the azimuth modules, the propulsion modules, the various modules of the control device and the motors of the drives and the like with each other connected to a ring bus system. This allows a very high easy communication between the different modules and beyond with simultaneous presentation on the part the input and output element a simultaneous value query in dialogue.
- Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of an input and output element an emergency control station of the control device.
- This is a so-called "Emergency Control Station", which is arranged, for example, aft.
- the input and output element of the control device according to FIG. 9 is also a ring bus system with the various Modules of the drive and drive system for ships connected.
- the input and output element to Control of the drive motors, the azimuth modules, the propulsion modules and the like directly connected to them, so that, for example, a failure of the ring bus system not for The consequence is that part of the emergency control station according to FIG. 9 a Control of the drive and driving system is impossible.
- the direct wiring of the input and output element allows the emergency control station providing a redundant Communication connection with the different modules of the drive and drive system.
- the emergency control station of FIG. 9 includes the controls for on-site control of the port and starboard SSP.
- the displays and buttons have the following functions: About the above-explained "Emergency Telephone" the driving commands can be transferred from the control station by the bridge of the ship to the emergency control gear shown in FIG. On the emergency control, the commands of the key telegram 475 must be followed.
- the ads have the format of about 96 x 96 mm, as shown in Fig. 9 and already in Connection with FIGS. 7 and 8 described in more detail.
- buttons are below the display released for the shaft speed for speed control. By pressing the buttons to increase or decrease the Speed lights up the corresponding button. The lamps are lit. only if the commands at the emergency control station (Emergency Control Station (ECS)) are released. The throttle on the bridge will be tracked accordingly.
- ECS Emergency Control Station
- the corresponding keys By pressing the ports for starboard or starboard rotation below the display of the actual values for the thrust direction the corresponding keys light up.
- the lamps only light up, when the commands are released at the emergency control station (ECS).
- ECS emergency control station
- the buttons are only used as a control station when emergency control is selected active.
- the control levers of the control station on the part of the bridge be tracked accordingly.
- Control Station 476 of the Input and output element of the emergency control gear are the buttons and indicators arranged to dial and Display of the active control station serve as control station.
- the display "Bridge Control" 477 shows the active control station from the bridge of the ship.
- the display "ECR-Control” 478 shows the active control station of the Engine room (ECR Engine Control Room).
- the display 479 shows the active control station of the emergency control station (ECS Emergency Control Station). If this ad 479 is lit with a steady light, the emergency control is the active control station. An operation of the control station 1 of the bridge of the ship is not possible.
- the display "POD Control" 480 indicates that in the POD the control station POD has been selected and is active. A remote control can not.
- the selector switch "Selector REM / ECS" 481 changes the control station of the emergency control station "ECS" selected or deselected.
- buttons and displays arranged for operation and Alerting for azimuth detection are provided.
- the keys 483 "Hydraulic pump” are used for selection and operation display the pump from the hydraulic system of the SSP azimuth control.
- the button is only available when the emergency control is selected added.
- the display 484 "Hydraulic Failure" shows an error of the Hydraulic system for SSP-Azimuth detection. An ad here can mean the loss of the rudder effect.
- the Collective Failure 485 indicator is a collective alarm signal. It shines when at least one error on the part of Control device of the drive and drive system for ships or a fault of the auxiliary equipment within the housing of the SSP has occurred.
- the shaft brake of the Drive engaged and released.
- the shaft brake can only be inserted if both inverters of the drives are not in Operation are.
- the lamp in the key 486 gives the feedback, whether the shaft brake is engaged.
- the key "POD cover” 487 becomes the locking bolt for the "POD access door reactivated, the key is only operable with selected emergency control (ECS) and with engaged Brake.
- ECS emergency control
- the lamp of the button 487 shows the unlocking at.
- the PUD is in the basic position posed.
- the lamp of button 488 lights up.
- the button 489 "Fan On” switches the fan for the POD. there the button 489 lamp indicates the status of the fan.
- the "Heater On” button switches the heating for the capital letter PUD.
- the lamp of the 490 button shows the status at.
- the display 491 "Disconnecting Valve” indicates that the shut-off valve between the first hydraulic pump and the second Hydraulic pump and the hydraulic tank is closed.
- the "Converter Selected” button 493 is used to select the inverter 1 or 2. By pressing the key, the inverter 1 or 2 selected or deselected. At least one inverter must be installed 1 or 2 selected. To dial, the system must be in Condition be off.
- the "Converter Run” screen 494 appears with a green light Steady light when the inverter unit 1 or 2 on the network and is ready for use.
- Each SSP has two power and speed control systems (power and speed control, PSU).
- the task of these systems is power plant protection and speed control of the drive. There is always one system active. If an error occurs, the operator can switch over to the other system.
- the "PSU 1/2 SEL" button 496 is used to select the active power and speed control system 1 ⁇ 2. When dialing one system automatically deselects the other system. The button 496 is the same as the emergency control station (ECS) released. To select a new system, the Drive be switched off.
- ECS emergency control station
- the "Start Propulsion" button 497 is used for automatic preparation the drive system. This includes the switching of the recooling system on driving and switching on the inverter. During the startup sequence, the display of button 497 flashes with green light. In the idle state of the start sequence is the lamp out. The button 497 is only available when the emergency control is selected given. From the emergency control only the inverter through the The “Start Propulsion" button 497 is ready for operation. The systems for azimuth detection and the shaft brake need be operated by the key in the area "Azimuthcontrol" 482. The key 497 "Start Propulsion" can only be operated if the shaft brake is not activated.
- the "Stop Propulsion" button 498 is used for automatic settling the drive system. This includes the switching of the recooling system on standby and turning off the inverters. During the stop sequence, the display of button 498 flashes with red light. When idle, the lamp lights up with a red steady light. The key 498 is only on Emergency control released. The settling of the hydraulic pumps for azimuth detection and the insertion of the shaft brake done by additional operation in the area "Azimuth Control" 482.
- the display "Propulsion Ready” 499 appears with a green Steady light when the drive and the controller are ready for operation are. When the start sequence has been run through and the driving system is not ready, the display 499 flashes. The Lamp of display 499 goes out after passing through the stop sequence.
- the display "Propulsion Failure" 500 appears with a red one Steady light when the drive control fails within recognizes the drive.
- buttons and displays are arranged which serve to select and display the emergency control station.
- ECS emergency control station
- an emergency stop button 502 "Emergency Stop" provided.
- the emergency stop is regardless of the active control station.
- the startup sequence is disabled when the lamp "Start Block" 457 is lit with a steady light.
- the "Start Propulsion” lamp flashes the key 459 with a slow frequency. After correct The lamp of button 459 goes out and the lamp goes through “Propulsion Ready” lights up green. The drive and drive system is ready for use. If the start sequence by a Error aborted, the lamp “Start Fail” 453 lights.
- the "STOP Propulsion" lamp flashes 460 with a slow frequency. After going through the first Step by step, the lamp “Propulsion Ready” on steady light. The system is now no longer operational and all systems are off. If the stop sequence by a Error canceled, the lamp "STOP Propulsion" goes off.
- the lamp lights up with a steady light.
- the crash stop is activated by pressing the crash stop button again on one of the input and output elements of the control device completed. After completing the crash-stop function the SSP remains in the current position and the speed setpoint remains is set to zero. After the crash stop has been completed is the driving again on “Harbor and Sea Mode. "The active throttle has the command again, after being reset to zero.
- a hydraulic pump per drive and the steering angle SSP is preferably limited to a maximum of +/- 35 °.
- the drive is without a 360 ° limit rotatable and there are two hydraulic pumps in operation. additionally the "Harbor Mode” is reported to the "Power Management". The power management leaves all active generators in "harbor mode", regardless of the unused power, on Network.
- the helm changes, as already in connection explained with Fig. 6, without setpoint jumps.
- the bridge is the setpoint specification of speed and Direction of thrust on the part of the helm of the bridge.
- active Control station on the part of the engine room (ECR) takes place only the Speed specification from the ECR control station.
- the thrust direction specification takes place on the part of the helm of the bridge.
- active Emergency control station the setpoint value is specified for thrust and thrust direction together by buttons on the emergency control, as above explained.
- the command specification by the control station of Bridge is done via phone regarding thrust direction and Thrust or by the built-in emergency graph with regard to of the thrust.
- Switching from the control room of the engine room on the helm from the bridge of the ship will be in Control station of the engine room by an acoustic alarm and signaled by flashing the "Bridge Control” lamp.
- the steering position loss is achieved by pressing the button “Bridge Control” in the control room on the part of the engine room acknowledged.
- the change to the ECS control station takes place by pressing the Selector switch "REM / ECS" from REM to ECS at the emergency control station. With the switch receives the emergency control directly tax.
- the "ECS Control” lamp on the emergency control goes over into a steady light.
- the steering position loss in the machine control station (ECR control station) is characterized by optical and acoustic Signaling on the ECR control gear input and output element (ECR panel) alarmed.
- the "ECR Control” lamp on the ECR panel goes out.
- the "ECS Control” lamp flashes on the ECR panel, until the steering position loss is lost with the "ECS Control "was acknowledged on the ECR panel with the acknowledgment also the acoustic signaling is terminated.
- the "ECS Control” lamp on the ECR panel has a steady light. On the bridge-side control station, the lamp “ECS Control "with a steady light and the lamp” ECR Control "goes out.
- the steering position loss on the bridge is caused by optical and acoustic signaling on the input and output element alarmed by the control of the bridge.
- the lamp “Bridge Control” on the input and output element of the bridge control station goes out.
- the "ECS Control” lamp flashes on the Input and output element of the bridge stand as long as, until the steering position loss with the "ECS Control” button on the side the bridge stand was acknowledged. With the acknowledgment also the acoustic signaling is terminated.
- the lamp “ECS Control” on the bridge stand has a steady light.
- the "ECS Control” lamp appears in the ECR control station with A steady light and the lamp “Bridge Control” goes out.
- the change from emergency control to a so-called remote control station is done by pressing the selector switch "REM / ECS" from ECS to REM at the emergency control station.
- the Control stations of the bridge and the engine room (ECR) at the same time selected.
- the "Bridge Control” lamp flashes on the bridge and there is an audible alarm.
- the "ECR Control” lamp flashes and this also sounds Horn.
- the controller is taken over by the bridge control station by pressing the "Bridge Control” button on the on and off Output element of the bridge-side control station is the Lamp “Bridge Control" in a steady light and the horn silent.
- the bridge-side control station has now Command.
- the override function is at any time by the operator with a press the slowdown override key again.
- the override is reported to the alarm system.
- the override is reported to the alarm system.
- the inverter cooling system has three operating modes.
- the first mode is the shutdown state. This State is reached by the pump starters of "Automatic” be switched to “hand”. In manual mode, the Pump off by the operator if necessary.
- the second operating mode is stand-by mode.
- the stand-by operation is activated by switching the pump starters from manual to automatic mode.
- the stand-by operation of Recooling system is active when the drive system is switched off is ("PROP STOP" active).
- PROP STOP active when the drive system is switched off.
- the pumps the recooling system started at intervals to the conductance of cooling water to maintain a value of an immediate Start of the drive system allows.
- the third operating mode is operation when the drive system is activated. In this mode, one of the two cooling water pumps operated continuously. The other pump serves as a standby pump.
- Each SSP drive can be controlled individually by the emergency sequencer assigned to it being stopped.
- Each emergency stop is designed as a detent switch. actuated Switches are indicated by a flashing signal.
- SSP position indicators are the “Turn the SSP to port and starboard. "The direction of rotation is made clear by arrows.
- buttons just mentioned must be the emergency button control to be activated.
- the button To activate, the button must "Emergency Steer” be pressed.
- the activated emergency key control is indicated by a steady light.
- buttons of the emergency control are on the nocks and the Center control station connected in parallel.
- timing is active. Signals of the keys respectively. are routed directly to the valves of the control hydraulics.
- buttons just mentioned must be the emergency button control to be activated.
- the button To activate, the button must "Emergency Speed Control" be pressed.
- the activated Emergency button control is indicated by a steady light.
- All emergency control buttons are located on the nocks and the center console connected in parallel.
- timing is active. Signals of the keys respectively. are routed directly to the inputs of the speed control module.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Antriebs- und Fahrsystems mit homogener Redundanz;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Antriebs- und Fahrsystems mit Teilredundanz;
- Fig. 3
- ein Blockschaltbild eines elektromotorischen Antriebs des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems;
- Fig. 4
- ein weiteres Blockschaltbild eines elektromotorischen Antriebs des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems;
- Fig. 5
- ein weiteres Blockschaltbild eines elektromotorischen Antriebs des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems;
- Fig. 6
- eine Prinzipdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems hinsichtlich der Verbindung über ein Bussystem von Fahrständen der Steuereinrichtung;
- Fig. 7
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ein- und Ausgabeelementes eines Fahrstandes des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems;
- Fig. 8
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ein- und Ausgabeelementes eines Fahrstandes des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems;
- Fig. 9
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Ein- und Ausgabeelementes eines Notfahrstandes des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs- und Fahrsystems und
- Fig. 10
- ein Detail des Ein- und Ausgabeelementes gemäß Fig. 7.
- Direktumrichter Leistungsteil,
- Feinwasserkühlanlage Direktumrichter,
- Direktumrichter Steuerung,
- Schiffsspezifische Steuer- und Regeleinrichtungen 25a bis 26b,
- Stromversorgungsschrank,
- Stromrichtertransformator 30a, 30b
- Frischwasserkühler für Stromrichtertransformatoren 30a, 30b,
- Hydraulikpumpenantriebe,
- Steuerschrank Azimuthsteuerung.
Im "Single Mode" (Taste 422) werden beide SSP-Fahranlagen getrennt bedient. Die Fahrkommandos für Schubrichtung und Drehzahl werden von dem Steuerhebel des aktiven Fahrstandes für den jeweiligen Antrieb vorgegeben. Der Steuerhebel Backbord bedient die SSP-Fahranlage auf der Backbordseite und der Steuerhebel Steuerbord die SSP-Fahranlage auf der Steuerbordseite. Die Taste 422 ist nur bei angewähltem Fahrstand seitens der Brücke freigegeben.
Über den oben bereits erläuterten "Emergency Telegraph" können die Fahrkommandos von dem Fahrstand seitens der Brücke des Schiffes auf den Notfahrstand gemäß Fig. 9 übertragen werden. Auf dem Notfahrstand muss den Kommandos des Tastentelegraph 475 Folge geleistet werden.
- Die Fahrhebel am aktiven Fahrstand müssen auf Stopposition stehen.
- Es darf kein "Shut Down"-Kriterium aktiv sein.
- Die angewählten Umrichter müssen einschaltbereit sein.
- RCU muss einschaltbereit sein.
- Die Rückkühlanlage muss auf Automatik unter Leitwert unter dem eingestellten Grenzwert stehen.
- Es müssen wenigstens zwei Generatoren am Bordnetz angeschlossen sein.
- Wicklungstemperatur vom Transformator hat das Limit für die Reduzieranforderung erreicht.
- Wicklungstemperatur vom Motor hat das Limit für die Reduzieranforderung erreicht.
- Temperatur des Umrichterkühlwassers hat das Limit für die Reduzieranforderung erreicht.
- Temperatur des Umrichters hat das Limit für die Reduzieranforderung erreicht.
- Wicklungstemperatur vom Transformator hat das Limit für die automatische Reduzierung erreicht.
- Wicklungstemperatur vom Motor hat das Limit für die automatische Reduzierung erreicht.
- Temperatur des Umrichterkühlwassers hat das Limit für die automatische Reduzierung erreicht.
- Temperatur des Umrichters hat das Limit für die automatische Reduzierung erreicht.
- interner Fehler Umrichter
- Erdschluss
- Übertemperatur Umrichter
- Übertemperatur Transformator
- Übertemperatur Kühlanlage
- Ausfall TCUVIII
- Reduzierung wegen der Wicklungstemperatur vom Transformator
- Reduzierung wegen der Wicklungstemperatur vom Motor
- Reduzierung wegen der Temperatur des Umrichterkühlwassers
- Reduzierung wegen der Temperatur des Umrichters
- Ausfall beider Hydraulikpumpen der Azimuthsteuerung
- Grenztemperatur Motor erreicht
- Wassereinbruch in der SSP-Gondel, der nicht durch die Bilgenpumpen bewältigt werden kann
- Kurzschluss
- Ausfall beider Umrichter
- Leitwert Umrichterkühlwasser über Limit
- Ausfall angewählter PSU (Drehzahlregler)
- Grenztemperatur Motor erreicht.
- Wassereinbruch in der SSP-Gondel, der nicht durch Bilgenpumpen bewältigt werden kann.
- Brücke
- ECC
- Wing PS
- Wing SB
- ECR
- Steuerschrank Umrichter
- ECS Notfahrstand
Claims (35)
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem für Schiffe mit einem außenbords angeordneten Ruderpropeller (10), der sich aus einem drehbaren, eine Energieübertragungseinrichtung (14) aufweisenden Azimuthmodul (11) und einem an diesem gondelartig angeordneten Propulsionsmodul (12), das mit einem Antriebsmotor für einen Propeller (16) versehen ist, zusammensetzt, wobei wenigstens zwei Ruderpropeller (10) vorhanden sind, deren jeweiliger Antriebsmotor als permanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet ist, wobei die Ständerwicklung der Synchronmaschine drei zu einem 3-Phasen-Wechselstrom verschaltete Stränge aufweist, die über die Energieübertragungseinrichtung (14) mit einem im Schiff angeordneten Stromrichter (20) verbunden sind, welcher eingangsseitig über Stromrichtertransformatoren an das Bordnetz des Schiffes angeschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine aus standardisierten Baugruppen modular zusammengesetzte Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung für jeden der Ruderpropeller (10) vorgesehen ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem für Schiffe mit einem außenbords angeordneten Ruderpropeller (10), der sich aus einem drehbaren, eine Energieübertragungseinrichtung (14) aufweisenden Azimuthmodul (11) und einem an diesem gondelartig angeordneten Propulsionsmodul (12), das mit einem Antriebsmotor für einen Propeller (16) versehen ist, zusammensetzt, wobei der Antriebsmotor als permanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet ist, wobei die Ständerwicklung der Synchronmaschine sechs Stränge aufweist, von denen jeweils drei zu einem 3-Phasen-Wechselstrom verschaltet und unter Bildung eines Teilsystems über die Energieübertragungseinrichtung (14) mit einem im Schiff angeordneten Stromrichter (20a,20b) verbunden sind, welcher eingangsseitig über einen Stromrichtertransformator (30a,30b) an das Bordnetz des Schiffes angeschlossen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine aus standardisierten Baugruppen modular zusammengesetzte Steuerund Regeleinrichtung (25a,25b,26a,26b) für jedes der beiden Teilsysteme vorgesehen ist. - Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beide Teilsysteme parallel betreibbar sind, wobei eine der Regel- und Steuereinrichtung (25a, 26a) der Teilsysteme als Master und die andere (25b, 26b) als Slave einsetzbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem Teilsystem eine speicherprogrammierbare Sicherheitseinrichtung (27a, 27b) zugeordnet ist, die neben Alarmsignalen automatisch auch Regel- und Steuersignale erzeugt.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Stromrichter (20, 20a, 20b) eine Phasenstromregelung aufweist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Phasenstromregelung eine als Transvektorregelung ausgebildete feldorientierte Regelung vorgeschaltet ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Überwachungseinrichtung (60) vorgesehen ist, durch welche die Energieerzeugung und -verteilung im Bordnetz gegen eine Überbelastung durch den Antriebsmotor schützbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 , gekennzeichnet durch die Anordnung seiner einzelnen Komponenten in wenigstens einem vorgefertigten Container.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abmessung der Container standardisiert ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Container eine Einrichtung zur Positionsfernüberwachung angeordnet ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung zur Positionsfernüberwachung eine GPS-Einheit ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung zur Positionsfernüberwachung demontierbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die Regeleinrichtung zur Schwingungsdämpfung eines drehzahlgeregelten Antriebs (101) nur einen einzigen, unabhängig von der Anzahl der an einer Welle (103) arbeitenden Motoren (102), Drehzahlregler (111)aufweist, wobei das Ausgangssignal (116) des Drehzahlreglers (111) zu dessen Reglereingang (110) zurückgeführt (133, 134, 135) ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zurückgeführte (133, 134, 135) Ausgangssignal (116) des Drehzahlreglers (111) invertiert (109) wird.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zurückgeführte (133, 134, 135) Ausgangssignal (116) des Drehzahlreglers (111) mit einem Faktor multipliziert (134) wird.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Multiplikationsfaktor (134) derart eingestellt wird, dass sich bei Nennlast eine statische Regelabweichung von etwa 0,2 % bis 1,5 % ergibt.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die statische Regelabweichung durch einen korrigierten Sollwert n* kompensiert wird.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sollwertkompensation nL* (136) abhängig von der geschätzten Belastung erfolgt.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Belastung nach einer Kennlinie aus dem nicht kompensierten Drehzahlsollwert (106, 107) oder aus dem Drehzahlistwert (112) ermittelt wird.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, wobei die Regeleinrichtung einen Drehzahlregler umfasst (216) durch dessen Ausgangswert ein Drehmomentensollwert bzw. Stromsollwert über einen Um- bzw. Stromrichter (207) für den elektrischen Propellermotor (203) bzw. den Schiffspropeller (201) vorgebbar ist, wobei mittels des Um- bzw. Stromrichters (207) der elektrische Propellermotor (203) entsprechend einem der Solldrehzahl des Drehzahlreglers (216) entsprechenden Drehmomentensollwert bzw. Stromsollwert mit elektrischer Energie aus einem mittels einer Dieselgeneratoranlage (206) mit elektrischer Energie gespeisten Bordnetz (205) versorgbar ist, wobei durch einen adaptiven Hochlaufgeber (226), mittels dem die zeitliche Anpassung des Stromsollwerts eines Stromreglers (208) des Um- bzw. Stromrichters (207) an den der am Drehzahlregler (216) vorliegenden Solldrehzahl entsprechenden Stromsollwert unter Berücksichtigung von durch das Bordnetz (205) und/oder die das Bordnetz (205) mit elektrischer Energie speisende Dieselgeneratoranlage (206) vorgegebenen Grenzwerten steuerbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 20, bei der eine Hoch- und eine Rücklaufzeit des adaptiven Hochlaufgebers (226) für den Stromsollwert des Stromreglers (208) proportional mit dem Betrag der Ist-Drehzahl des elektrischen Propellermotors (203)veränderbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 20 oder 21, bei der in einem unteren Drehzahlbereich des elektrischen Propellermotors (203) bzw. des Schiffspropellers (201) für die Hoch- und die Rücklaufzeit des adaptiven Hochlaufgebers (226) für den Stromsollwert des Stromreglers (208) eine minimale Hoch- und eine minimale Rücklaufzeit vorgebbar sind, die von der zulässigen zeitlichen Änderung der Blindleistungsabgabe von Synchrongeneratoren der das Bordnetz (205) speisenden Dieselgeneratoranlage (206) abhängig sind.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, wobei die Regeleinrichtung einen Drehzahlregler (315), der dem elektrischen Propellermotor (303) zugeordnet und dessen Ausgangssignal, der Drehmomentensollwert bzw. Stromsollwert, über einen Um- bzw. Stromrichter (306) die Drehzahl des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) regelt, und einen Hochlaufgeber (311), in den ein Drehzahlsollwert für den elektrischen Propellermotor (302) eingebbar und mittels dem für den Drehzahlregler (315) ein Drehzahlsollwertverlauf vorgebbar ist, durch den die Istdrehzahl des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) an den in den Hochlaufgeber (311) eingegebenen Drehzahlsollwert für den elektrischen Propellermotor (303) heranführbar ist, umfasst, wobei der Hochlaufgeber als adaptiver Hochlaufgeber (311) ausgebildet ist und einen Kennliniengeber (319) aufweist, der vom Betrag des Drehzahlistwertes des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) führbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kennliniengeber (319) des adaptiven Hochlaufgebers (311) für unterschiedliche Istdrehzahlbereiche (323, 324, 325) des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) unterschiedliche Abhängigkeitsgrade zwischen der Istdrehzahl des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) und der Hochlaufzeit vorgebbar sind.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 23 oder 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abhängigkeitsgrad zwischen der Istdrehzahl des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) und der Hochlaufzeit in zumindest einem höheren Istdrehzahlbereich (325) des elektrischen Propellermotors (303) vorzugsweise kontinuierlich einstellbar ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung wenigstens einen Fahrstand mit einem Ein- und Ausgabeelement zur Auswahl, Visualisierung und Aktivierung von Betriebszuständen umfasst, wobei insbesondere Fahrstandsumschaltungen und/oder Betriebszustandsänderungen über das Ein- und Ausgabeelement aktivierbar sind.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ein- und Ausgabeelement Schaltmittel, vorzugsweise Taster, umfasst.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 26 oder 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ein- und Ausgabeelement Lampen umfasst, welche vorzugsweise mit Schaltmitteln nach Anspruch 30 kombiniert sind.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ein- und Ausgabeelement wenigstens eine Textdisplay-Anzeige umfasst, vorzugsweise mit einer Auflösung von 4 Zeilen zu je 20 Zeichen.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass seitens der Textdisplay-Anzeigen Fehler- und/oder Störmeldungen anzeigbar sind.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung wenigstens ein als Notsteuerung verwendbares Einund Ausgabeelement umfasst, welches zur Steuerung der Antriebsmotoren, der Azimuthmodule und der Propulsionsmodule direkt mit diesen verbunden ist.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ein- und Ausgabeelement einen Notfahrstand ausbildet.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung, die Regeleinrichtung, die Antriebsmotoren, das Azimuthmodul und das Propulsionsmodul über ein Bussystem, vorzugsweise ein Ringbus, miteinander zur Kommunikation verbunden sind.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fahrstände und die über das Bussystem miteinander verbundenen Baugruppen und Module Zustandswerte über das Bussystem austauschen, wobei Werteabfragen vorzugsweise dialogisiert erfolgen.
- Antriebs- und Fahrsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Notfahrstand vorhanden ist, vorzugsweise achterschiffs.
Applications Claiming Priority (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19928961 | 1999-06-24 | ||
DE19928961 | 1999-06-24 | ||
DE10001358 | 2000-01-14 | ||
DE10001358 | 2000-01-14 | ||
DE10011602A DE10011602A1 (de) | 1999-06-24 | 2000-03-10 | Drehzahlgeregelter Antrieb und Verfahren zur Schwingungsdämpfung desselben |
DE10011602 | 2000-03-10 | ||
DE10011601 | 2000-03-10 | ||
DE10011601A DE10011601C2 (de) | 1999-06-24 | 2000-03-10 | Antriebseinrichtung für Schiffspropeller |
DE10011609A DE10011609C2 (de) | 1999-06-24 | 2000-03-10 | Antriebseinrichtung für Schiffspropeller |
DE10011609 | 2000-03-10 | ||
PCT/DE2000/002075 WO2001000485A1 (de) | 1999-06-24 | 2000-06-26 | Antriebs- und fahrsystem für schiffe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1187760A1 EP1187760A1 (de) | 2002-03-20 |
EP1187760B1 true EP1187760B1 (de) | 2004-04-14 |
Family
ID=27512356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00947825A Expired - Lifetime EP1187760B1 (de) | 1999-06-24 | 2000-06-26 | Antriebs- und fahrsystem für schiffe |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6592412B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1187760B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4623897B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE264216T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2377511A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50006082D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1187760T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2219364T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1187760E (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001000485A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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-
2000
- 2000-06-26 EP EP00947825A patent/EP1187760B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-26 WO PCT/DE2000/002075 patent/WO2001000485A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-26 AT AT00947825T patent/ATE264216T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-26 DE DE50006082T patent/DE50006082D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-26 US US10/019,901 patent/US6592412B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-26 CA CA002377511A patent/CA2377511A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-26 ES ES00947825T patent/ES2219364T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-26 PT PT00947825T patent/PT1187760E/pt unknown
- 2000-06-26 DK DK00947825T patent/DK1187760T3/da active
- 2000-06-26 JP JP2001506908A patent/JP4623897B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101826829A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-08 | 蓝水能源服务有限公司 | 具有n+1可用性的半直接变速驱动 |
CN101826829B (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2016-02-10 | 蓝水能源服务有限公司 | 用于控制n个变速电动机中的每一个的速度的系统及方法 |
EP3051376B1 (de) | 2015-01-27 | 2017-12-20 | ABB Schweiz AG | Schiffsnothalt |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK1187760T3 (da) | 2004-08-09 |
WO2001000485A1 (de) | 2001-01-04 |
JP4623897B2 (ja) | 2011-02-02 |
PT1187760E (pt) | 2004-09-30 |
JP2003517394A (ja) | 2003-05-27 |
EP1187760A1 (de) | 2002-03-20 |
DE50006082D1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
US6592412B1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
ATE264216T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
ES2219364T3 (es) | 2004-12-01 |
CA2377511A1 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
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