EP1128146A1 - Process to adjust the water vapor content in a high temperature furnace - Google Patents

Process to adjust the water vapor content in a high temperature furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1128146A1
EP1128146A1 EP01400452A EP01400452A EP1128146A1 EP 1128146 A1 EP1128146 A1 EP 1128146A1 EP 01400452 A EP01400452 A EP 01400452A EP 01400452 A EP01400452 A EP 01400452A EP 1128146 A1 EP1128146 A1 EP 1128146A1
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Prior art keywords
oven
fuel
flow
water vapor
volume
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EP01400452A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1128146B1 (en
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Gérard Coudamy
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Ceric
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Coudamy Gerard
Ceric SARL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for adjusting the water vapor content in a oven at very high temperature, and in particular in an oven for firing ceramics and carbon products.
  • the invention therefore provides a method for adjusting the water vapor content in a very high temperature oven, which consists of using essential fuel as carbon monoxide CO and as an oxidizer for oxygen or air enriched in oxygen.
  • CO can be used alone or a small amount of fuel can be combined with it hydrocarbon (natural gas for example), the small quantity being calculated to give a specified amount of water vapor in the oven.
  • hydrocarbon natural gas for example
  • equation 1) there is no production of water while equation 2) schematically corresponding to the use of natural gas as fuel shows the formation of a significant amount of water.
  • volume ratio of the oxidizer to the fuel is in favor of carbon monoxide compared to methane (natural gas) which is used for pure oxygen or air as oxidizer.
  • the energy released by the combustion of one m3 of CO (with air at 20 ° C) is 12 MJ / m3 and gives a theoretical adiabatic temperature of 2,468 ° C (excluding dissociation energy) or 1,958 ° C (with dissociation energy).
  • This temperature is therefore sufficient for the oven and the product to be heated. reach a temperature of 1,800 ° C.
  • Carbon monoxide is a more expensive fuel than natural gas or other common fuels but the benefits it provides and the very great technical difficulty in obtaining temperatures of 1,800 ° C with electric ovens or radiant burners on an industrial scale compensate for this drawback.
  • the oxidizer consists of air which can be dried if it is desired to obtain a atmosphere free of water or oxygen-enriched air up to pure oxygen.
  • a cooking oven 1 contains a product to be heated 2 and is equipped with a chimney 3 for the evacuation of combustion products and a burner 4.
  • the burner 4 is supplied with carbon monoxide by a line 5 on which are mounted a detector D 1 for measuring the CO flow rate and a control valve V 1 for the CO flow rate.
  • the oxidizer (O 2 or air) is brought to the burner by a line 6 equipped with a detector D 2 for measuring the oxidizer flow rate and with a control valve V 2 for this flow rate.
  • a third pipe 7, also equipped with a flow detector D 3 and with a flow control valve V 3, makes it possible to supply the burner 4 with hydrocarbon fuels symbolized in the figure by CH 4 but which may include higher hydrocarbons.
  • C n H 2n + 2 which may include higher hydrocarbons.
  • Transfer lines 8, 9, 10 send the information provided by the detectors D1, D2 and D3 respectively to a computer 11 which receives by the line of transfer 12 an indication of the temperature in the oven using a sensor 20.
  • the knowledge of the temperature in the oven is useful for conducting the process of heating but does not intervene in the adjustment of the water content.
  • the computer 11 calculates the various parameters and, depending on the desired water content, regulates the CH 4 flow rate via the adjustment valve V3 via the link 13.
  • Connections 14 and 15 also make it possible to adjust the oxidizer and fuel respectively via valves V2 and V1.
  • volume of combustion products CO + CH volume 4 % CO x 0.0289 +% CH 4 x 0.1056 + (% AIR * / 100) x 0.0239 x [% CO + 4% CH 4 ]
  • AIR 0 for stoichiometric combustion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de réglage de la teneur en vapeur d'eau dans un four fonctionnant à très haute température entre 1 300 et 1 800°C et chauffé par des brûleurs à combustible, dans lequel on utilise comme combustible du monoxyde de carbone CO et comme comburant de l'oxygène ou de l'air éventuellement séché et/ou enrichi en oxygène.Process for adjusting the water vapor content in an oven operating at very high temperature between 1,300 and 1,800 ° C and heated by fuel burners, in which carbon monoxide CO is used as fuel and as oxidant for oxygen or air possibly dried and / or enriched in oxygen.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de réglage de la teneur en vapeur d'eau dans un four à très haute température, et notamment dans un four de cuisson de céramiques et de produits carbonés.The invention relates to a method for adjusting the water vapor content in a oven at very high temperature, and in particular in an oven for firing ceramics and carbon products.

Il a été constaté dans la fabrication de céramiques techniques et de produits carbonés à des températures de 1 300 à 1 800°C dans des fours à brûleurs que la présence de la vapeur d'eau résultant de la combustion des combustibles hydrocarbonés par les brûleurs a des conséquences nuisibles sur la qualité des céramiques et des produits carbonés obtenus.It has been found in the manufacture of technical ceramics and products carbonaceous at temperatures of 1,300 to 1,800 ° C in burner ovens that the presence of water vapor resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by burners has harmful consequences on the quality of ceramics and carbon products obtained.

A des températures inférieures, on remédie à cet inconvénient en utilisant des fours électriques ou des fours à brûleurs radiants, fours dans lesquels n'est pas produite de la vapeur d'eau. Mais il est techniquement et économiquement difficile d'atteindre des températures de 1 300 à 1 800°C avec de tels fours et les fours à brûleurs à combustible s'imposent.At lower temperatures, this disadvantage is overcome by using electric ovens or ovens with radiant burners, ovens in which is not produced water vapor. But it is technically and economically difficult to reach temperatures of 1,300 to 1,800 ° C with such ovens and furnaces with burners fuel are required.

L'invention fournit donc un procédé de réglage de la teneur en vapeur d'eau dans un four à très haute température, qui consiste à utiliser comme combustible essentiel du monoxyde de carbone CO et comme comburant de l'oxygène ou de l'air enrichi en oxygène.The invention therefore provides a method for adjusting the water vapor content in a very high temperature oven, which consists of using essential fuel as carbon monoxide CO and as an oxidizer for oxygen or air enriched in oxygen.

On peut utiliser du CO seul ou lui combiner une faible quantité d'un combustible hydrocarboné (gaz naturel par exemple), la faible quantité étant calculée pour donner une quantité déterminée de vapeur d'eau dans le four.CO can be used alone or a small amount of fuel can be combined with it hydrocarbon (natural gas for example), the small quantity being calculated to give a specified amount of water vapor in the oven.

Les équations mises en oeuvre dans la combustion sont les suivantes : 1)   2CO + O2 + (xN2) → 2CO2 + (xN2) 2)   CH4 + 2O2 + (yN2) → CO2 + 2H2O + (yN2)    (des équations semblables à 2) s'écrivent pour les divers hydrocarbures CnH2n+2 autres que le méthane).The equations used in combustion are as follows: 1) 2CO + O 2 + (xN 2 ) → 2CO 2 + (xN 2 ) 2) CH 4 + 2O 2 + (yN 2 ) → CO 2 + 2H 2 O + (yN 2 ) (equations similar to 2) are written for the various hydrocarbons C n H 2n + 2 other than methane).

Dans le cas de l'équation 1), il n'y a pas production d'eau tandis que l'équation 2) correspondant schématiquement à l'utilisation du gaz naturel comme combustible montre la formation d'une quantité importante d'eau. In the case of equation 1), there is no production of water while equation 2) schematically corresponding to the use of natural gas as fuel shows the formation of a significant amount of water.

Par contre si on introduit un faible débit de gaz naturel dans le brûleur, on peut déterminer et régler la quantité d'eau présente dans le four.However, if you introduce a low flow rate of natural gas into the burner, you can determine and adjust the amount of water in the oven.

En outre l'utilisation de CO présente d'autres avantages par rapport à l'utilisation du gaz naturel et permet de limiter le volume des fumées et aussi d'améliorer le rendement thermique.In addition, the use of CO has other advantages compared to the use natural gas and limits the volume of smoke and also improves the thermal efficiency.

On voit d'après les équations 1 et 2 que, en combustion stoechiométrique, le rapport volumique du comburant au combustible est en faveur du monoxyde de carbone par rapport au méthane (gaz naturel) que l'on utilise de l'oxygène pur ou de l'air comme comburant. volume O2 volume CO = 0,5   volume air volume CH4 = 2,38    alors que volume O2 volume CH4 = 2   volume air volume CH4 = 9,53 It can be seen from equations 1 and 2 that, in stoichiometric combustion, the volume ratio of the oxidizer to the fuel is in favor of carbon monoxide compared to methane (natural gas) which is used for pure oxygen or air as oxidizer. volume O 2 CO volume = 0.5 air volume volume CH 4 = 2.38 while volume O 2 volume CH 4 = 2 air volume volume CH 4 = 9.53

Le même rapport avantageux se retrouve au niveau de la production de fumées : volume fumées (air)volume CO = 2,89   volume fumées (air) volume CH4 = 10,56 The same advantageous relationship is found in the production of smoke: smoke volume (air) CO volume = 2.89 smoke volume (air) volume CH 4 = 10.56

Par ailleurs l'énergie libérée par la combustion d'un m3 de CO (avec de l'air à 20°C) est de 12 MJ/m3 et donne une température adiabatique théorique de 2 468°C (hors énergie de dissociation) ou de 1 958°C (avec énergie de dissociation).In addition, the energy released by the combustion of one m3 of CO (with air at 20 ° C) is 12 MJ / m3 and gives a theoretical adiabatic temperature of 2,468 ° C (excluding dissociation energy) or 1,958 ° C (with dissociation energy).

Cette température est donc suffisante pour que le four et le produit à chauffer atteignent une température de 1 800°C.This temperature is therefore sufficient for the oven and the product to be heated. reach a temperature of 1,800 ° C.

L'énergie libérée par la combustion d'un m3 de CH4 dans les mêmes conditions étant de 33,9 MJ/m3 "net heating value", la quantité de fumées dégagée par MJ est également favorable pour la combustion de CO volume fumées (air)MJ CO = 0,24   volume fumées (air) MJ CH4 = 0,31 The energy released by the combustion of one m3 of CH 4 under the same conditions being 33.9 MJ / m 3 "net heating value", the quantity of smoke released by MJ is also favorable for the combustion of CO smoke volume (air) MJ CO = 0.24 smoke volume (air) MJ CH 4 = 0.31

On notera que le rendement thermique pour la combustion de CO pur est encore amélioré par l'absence de formation d'eau car on économise l'énergie de vaporisation de cette eau. It will be noted that the thermal efficiency for the combustion of pure CO is still improved by the absence of water formation because it saves the vaporization energy of this water.

Le monoxyde de carbone est un combustible plus coûteux que le gaz naturel ou les autres combustibles habituels mais les avantages qu'il procure et la très grande difficulté technique pour obtenir des températures de 1 800°C avec des fours électriques ou à brûleurs radiants à l'échelle industrielle compensent cet inconvénient.Carbon monoxide is a more expensive fuel than natural gas or other common fuels but the benefits it provides and the very great technical difficulty in obtaining temperatures of 1,800 ° C with electric ovens or radiant burners on an industrial scale compensate for this drawback.

Le comburant est constitué par l'air qui peut être séché si on souhaite obtenir une atmosphère exempte d'eau ou par de l'air enrichi en oxygène jusqu'à de l'oxygène pur.The oxidizer consists of air which can be dried if it is desired to obtain a atmosphere free of water or oxygen-enriched air up to pure oxygen.

On va maintenant décrire un exemple de réalisation d'une installation de mise en oeuvre du procédé avec référence à la figure unique qui est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention.We will now describe an exemplary embodiment of a setting installation work of the process with reference to the single figure which is a representation schematic of a device for implementing the present invention.

Un four de cuisson 1 contient un produit à chauffer 2 et est équipé d'une cheminée 3 pour l'évacuation des produits de combustion et d'un brûleur 4.A cooking oven 1 contains a product to be heated 2 and is equipped with a chimney 3 for the evacuation of combustion products and a burner 4.

Le brûleur 4 est alimenté en monoxyde de carbone par une conduite 5 sur laquelle sont montés un détecteur D1 de mesure du débit de CO et une vanne de réglage V1 du débit de CO. Le comburant (O2 ou air) est amené au brûleur par une conduite 6 équipée d'un détecteur D2 de mesure du débit de comburant et d'une vanne de réglage V2 de ce débit. Une troisième conduite 7 elle aussi équipée d'un détecteur de débit D3 et d'une vanne de réglage V3 du débit permet d'alimenter le brûleur 4 en combustibles hydrocarbonés symbolisés sur la figure par CH4 mais qui peuvent comprendre des hydrocarbures supérieurs CnH2n+2.The burner 4 is supplied with carbon monoxide by a line 5 on which are mounted a detector D 1 for measuring the CO flow rate and a control valve V 1 for the CO flow rate. The oxidizer (O 2 or air) is brought to the burner by a line 6 equipped with a detector D 2 for measuring the oxidizer flow rate and with a control valve V 2 for this flow rate. A third pipe 7, also equipped with a flow detector D 3 and with a flow control valve V 3, makes it possible to supply the burner 4 with hydrocarbon fuels symbolized in the figure by CH 4 but which may include higher hydrocarbons. C n H 2n + 2 .

Des lignes de transfert 8, 9, 10 envoient les informations fournies par les détecteurs D1, D2 et D3 respectivement à un calculateur 11 qui reçoit par la ligne de transfert 12 une indication de la température dans le four à l'aide d'un capteur 20. La connaissance de la température dans le four est utile pour la conduite du processus de chauffage mais n'intervient pas dans le réglage de la teneur en eau.Transfer lines 8, 9, 10 send the information provided by the detectors D1, D2 and D3 respectively to a computer 11 which receives by the line of transfer 12 an indication of the temperature in the oven using a sensor 20. The knowledge of the temperature in the oven is useful for conducting the process of heating but does not intervene in the adjustment of the water content.

Le calculateur 11 calcule les différents paramètres et en fonction de la teneur en eau voulue règle le débit de CH4 par l'intermédiaire de la vanne de réglage V3 via la liaison 13.The computer 11 calculates the various parameters and, depending on the desired water content, regulates the CH 4 flow rate via the adjustment valve V3 via the link 13.

Des liaisons 14 et 15 permettent également de régler les débits de comburant et de combustible respectivement par l'intermédiaire des vannes V2 et V1.Connections 14 and 15 also make it possible to adjust the oxidizer and fuel respectively via valves V2 and V1.

A titre d'exemple, on trouvera ci-dessous les équations de combustion d'un mélange de CO et CH4 qui fournissent la base de l'algorithme utilisé par le calculateur Volume des produits de combustion Volume de CO + CH4 = % CO x 0,0289 + % CH4 x 0,1056 +(% EAIR*/100) x 0,0239 x [% CO + 4 % CH4] Volume H2OVolume de CO + CH4 = % CH4 x 0,02 Volume H2OVolume de CO + CH4 = % CH4 x 0,02% CO x 0,0289 + % CH4 x 0,1056 + (%EAIR*/100) x 0,0239 x [% CO+4 % CH4]    où EAIR : excès d'air est la quantité d'air sec fournie en excès de la quantité nécessaire pour une combustion stoechiométrique. EAIR = 0 pour une combustion stoechiométrique.As an example, we will find below the combustion equations of a mixture of CO and CH 4 which provide the basis of the algorithm used by the calculator. Volume of combustion products CO + CH volume 4 =% CO x 0.0289 +% CH 4 x 0.1056 + (% AIR * / 100) x 0.0239 x [% CO + 4% CH 4 ] Volume H 2 O CO + CH volume 4 =% CH 4 x 0.02 Volume H 2 O CO + CH volume 4 = % CH 4 x 0.02 % CO x 0.0289 +% CH 4 x 0.1056 + (% AIR * / 100) x 0.0239 x [% CO + 4% CH 4 ] where AIR: excess air is the quantity of dry air supplied in excess of the quantity necessary for stoichiometric combustion. AIR = 0 for stoichiometric combustion.

Le réglage de l'excès d'air, donc de la teneur en oxygène, est réalisable par cet algorithme qui montre également qu'en mesurant le débit de CO, le débit de CH4 et le débit et la composition du comburant, il est possible de connaítre et donc de réguler le volume d'H2O par rapport au volume des produits de combustion et d'en améliorer la concentration en eau.The adjustment of the excess air, therefore of the oxygen content, is achievable by this algorithm which also shows that by measuring the flow of CO, the flow of CH 4 and the flow and composition of the oxidizer, it is possible to know and therefore regulate the volume of H2O relative to the volume of combustion products and improve the water concentration.

Cet algorithme est donné pour une réaction à l'équilibre et peut être affiné pour tenir compte des valeurs d'équilibre. Des algorithmes similaires peuvent être calculés pour les autres hydrocarbures présents dans le combustible hydrogéné.This algorithm is given for an equilibrium reaction and can be refined for take account of equilibrium values. Similar algorithms can be calculated for other hydrocarbons present in hydrogenated fuel.

Claims (4)

Procédé de réglage de la teneur en vapeur d'eau dans un four fonctionnant à très haute température entre 1 300 et 1 800°C et chauffé par des brûleurs à combustible, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme combustible du monoxyde de carbone CO et comme comburant de l'oxygène ou de l'air éventuellement séché et/ou enrichi en oxygène.Method of adjusting the water vapor content in an oven operating at very high temperature between 1,300 and 1,800 ° C and heated by fuel burners, characterized in that carbon monoxide CO is used as fuel and as an oxidizer for oxygen or air which may be dried and / or enriched in oxygen. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise avec le monoxyde de carbone une faible proportion de combustible hydrocarboné calculée pour obtenir une teneur déterminée en vapeur d'eau dans le produit de combustion.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used with the carbon monoxide a small proportion of hydrocarbon fuel calculated for obtain a determined content of water vapor in the combustion product. Installation de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend : un four (1) contenant un produit à chauffer (2), un brûleur (4) alimenté en monoxyde d'azote CO par une conduite (5) équipée soit d'un détecteur de débit (D1) et d'une vanne (V1) de réglage du débit de CO, en comburant par une conduite (6) équipée d'un détecteur de débit (D2) et d'une vanne (V2) de réglage du débit de comburant et un combustible hydrocarboné par une conduite (7) équipée d'un détecteur de débit (D3) et d'une vanne (V3) de réglage du débit du combustible hydrocarboné, un calculateur (11) relié fonctionnellement aux détecteurs de débit (D1, D2, D3) et aux vannes (V1, V2, V3) pour régler les débits du ou des combustibles ou du comburant selon la teneur en vapeur d'eau souhaitée dans le four. Installation for implementing the method according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises: an oven (1) containing a product to be heated (2), a burner (4) supplied with nitrogen monoxide CO by a pipe (5) equipped either with a flow detector (D 1 ) and with a valve (V 1 ) for adjusting the CO flow rate, by combustion by a line (6) equipped with a flow detector (D 2 ) and a valve (V 2 ) for adjusting the flow of oxidant and a hydrocarbon fuel by a line (7) equipped with a flow detector (D 3 ) and a valve (V 3 ) for adjusting the flow rate of the hydrocarbon fuel, a computer (11) functionally connected to the flow detectors (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 ) and to the valves (V 1 , V 2 , V 3 ) for regulating the flow rates of the fuel (s) or of the oxidant according to the vapor content desired water in the oven. Installation selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le four de cuisson (1) est un four de cuisson pour céramiques ou de produits carbonés.Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the baking oven (1) is a cooking oven for ceramics or carbonaceous products.
EP01400452A 2000-02-25 2001-02-21 Process to adjust the water vapor content in a high temperature furnace Expired - Lifetime EP1128146B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0002371A FR2805604B1 (en) 2000-02-25 2000-02-25 METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE VAPOR CONTENT OF WATER IN A VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE OVEN
FR0002371 2000-02-25

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US20080097837A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-24 Format Dynamics, Llc Method and system for printing information related to internet advertisements

Citations (1)

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US4462792A (en) * 1981-09-07 1984-07-31 Institut De Recherches De La Sigerurgie Francaise Reheating metal bodies with recovered blast-furnace energy

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US3363993A (en) * 1966-12-02 1968-01-16 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method and system for using the carbon monoxide content of gases
FR2179532A1 (en) * 1972-04-11 1973-11-23 Heurtey Sa Reducing atmos strip preheating furnace - with convective post combustive recuperation
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FR2805604A1 (en) 2001-08-31
DE60102732D1 (en) 2004-05-19
US20010024775A1 (en) 2001-09-27
FR2805604B1 (en) 2002-05-31
DE60102732T2 (en) 2005-04-21
US6558155B2 (en) 2003-05-06
EP1128146B1 (en) 2004-04-14

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