EP1088528B1 - Stents für Angioplastie - Google Patents

Stents für Angioplastie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1088528B1
EP1088528B1 EP00120834A EP00120834A EP1088528B1 EP 1088528 B1 EP1088528 B1 EP 1088528B1 EP 00120834 A EP00120834 A EP 00120834A EP 00120834 A EP00120834 A EP 00120834A EP 1088528 B1 EP1088528 B1 EP 1088528B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stent
segment
bridge elements
segments
bridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00120834A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1088528A1 (de
Inventor
Franco Vallana
Giovanni Rolando
Maria Curcio
Paolo Gaschino
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Sorin Biomedica Cardio SpA
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Sorin Biomedica Cardio SpA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
    • A61F2002/91541—Adjacent bands are arranged out of phase
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91583—Adjacent bands being connected to each other by a bridge, whereby at least one of its ends is connected along the length of a strut between two consecutive apices within a band
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/0054—V-shaped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0036—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to stents for angioplasty.
  • the invention relates to a stent having a cellular design.
  • stent is intended to indicate devices useful for endoluminal insertion (for example, in a blood vessel), usually effected by means of catheterization, with subsequent deployment in place so as to achieve local support of the lumen.
  • the primary purpose of the stent is to eliminate and avoid the restenosis (i.e., narrowing or closure) of the treated area.
  • the invention relates to a stent having the features set forth in the preamble of claim 1, which is known, e.g. from FR-A-2 764 794.
  • a stent is subject to various forces, including compression, flexure, and torsion. These stresses often cause the stent to perform in an undesirable manner. Additionally, a significant disadvantage of current stent designs is their failure to distribute these stresses throughout the structure of the stent. Each of these stresses is maximized in a particular area of the stent. In current stent designs two or more of these areas of maximum stress overlap. This results in at least two problems. First, an overlap of the maximum stress areas may overly fatigue the stent and cause failure in an area of overlapped maximum stress. Second, the failure to distribute or discharge the maximum stress of these forces at different areas causes stress concentration on the vessel wall which may cause vessel wall injury. Thus what is needed in the art is a stent meeting the requirements listed above that will avoid stress concentration and elastic distortion as well as provide good elastic matching between the stent and the vessel into which it is placed.
  • This invention is primarily a stent having the further features set forth in the characterising portion of claim 1.
  • a stent is inserted into a lumen, such as a blood vessel, at a site where stenosis, i.e., narrowing or stricture, is to be corrected.
  • the stent is a tubular envelope, tubular body, or cylinder having apertured walls, such as, for example, a mesh-like structure.
  • the stent typically has dimensions between several millimeters and several tens of millimeters in length, and a wall thickness of the order of, for example, several hundredths of millimeters.
  • the stent is normally positioned in situ by catheterization through the vasculature followed by radial expansion from an introduction diameter of, for example, about 1.0 to 1.5 mm, to an expanded diameter of, for example, about 3 to 4 mm.
  • the stent exerts a supporting force on the lumen, thereby avoiding or at least slowing restenosis of the vessel.
  • the external diameter of the stent in the radially-contracted condition is chosen to enable the introduction of the stent into a lumen, while the expanded diameter corresponds to the diameter required to be maintained in the lumen once the stenosis has been eliminated. It should also be remembered that, although the principle application of the stent described is in relation to the treatment of blood vessels, it may also be useful as a support element for any lumen present in the human or animal body.
  • the stent of this invention is a tubular body, i.e., a cylinder, with an open, or apertured, mesh-like structure.
  • the stent is capable of being dilated from a radially-contracted position to a radially-expanded position.
  • the tubular body is comprised of a wall having an inner surface and an outer surface defining a radial stent thickness therebetween.
  • the material making up the mesh-like structure of the stent varies in its cross-sectional shape and/or cross-sectional area.
  • this cross-sectional variation (and thus a variation in thickness and/or width in the stent wall) produces a particularly desirable stent because the strength, flexibility, and support of the stent may be varied in localized areas.
  • the width as measured along the circumference of the tubular body and/or the radial thickness are made smaller to enhance flexibility.
  • the width and/or thickness are made larger.
  • the width is increased to provide added vascular support.
  • the stent is shown in planar views so that the geometry of the stent may be seen easily.
  • the body of the stent extends longitudinally in the direction identified as the Z axis. It also lies in the Z plane, i.e., a plane coincident with the Z axis.
  • the stent may be flexed, bent or folded; thus good flexibility is one of the required characteristics of the stent.
  • Another important characteristic of both the design and the material of the stent includes strength, i.e., the ability to withstand stresses due to compression, flexure, and torsion, as discussed further below.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a plan view of the stent of this invention.
  • the body of stent 1 is comprised of a plurality of successive segments 2 of generally annular form.
  • Figure 1 shows a stent comprising eight annular segments 2.
  • the length of segments 2 measured in the longitudinal direction may range up to several millimeters (mm) but preferably is approximately 2 mm. That is, segments 2 are fairly "short" in comparison to the total length of the stent.
  • bridge elements 8 which are actually integral components of the stent wall
  • Radiopaque marker 13 optionally is provided. Marker 13 is integral with segments 2 and typically is located on the proximal and/or distal ends of the stent. "Proximal and distal ends" refers to the portion of the stent nearest and farthest, respectively, from the point of entry of the stent into the vasculature. Suitable radiopaque markers include metals such as platinum, tantalum, gold, and alloys of these metals. Such markers permit exact placement of a stent within the vasculature of a patient. During manufacture the radiopaque marker may be crimped into a hole in the stent wall.
  • the longitudinal flexibility of stent 1, necessary to assist in its delivery and location at the implantation site, is essentially due to bridge elements 8, while its structural strength, that is, its support of the lumen, is due primarily to the structure of segments 2.
  • the desired characteristics of the stent can be obtained by adapting the arrangement and relationship of the bridge elements and the segments.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a stent which has been cut open and laid flat; that is, the stent is no longer in a tubular shape.
  • Figure 1 illustrates that each segment 2 has a serpentine or sinusoidal wave shape.
  • Each segment comprises peaks 4 and valleys 6.
  • Each annular segment is a mirror image of an adjacent annular segment about a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stent. Thus, the peaks of one segment are aligned longitudinally with valleys of an adjacent segment.
  • the term "sinusoidal wave shape" means that the annular segments have an undulating repeating pattern similar to that of a sine wave. It is not intended to mean that the shape is limited to that of a sine wave.
  • Bridge elements 8 separate adjacent segments and maintain a distance between them in both the expanded and contracted conditions.
  • Each bridge element 8 comprises a concave portion, or U-shape 10, having apex 12.
  • the U-shape is adjoined to two connector arms 14 which extend from the U-shape and adjoin adjacent sinusoidal-shaped segments 2 at a zero point of the sinusoidal wave shape of each segment.
  • the point of connection is between a peak and a valley of each segment such that the apex of the U-shape extends in the direction of the converging peak and valley that is nearest the attachment of the connector arm. These arms extend away from the U-shape and curve back to join the segments in the direction of the apex of the U-shape.
  • these arms form an angle ⁇ of about 90 degrees with the U-shape.
  • Bridge elements 8 are relatively flexible and change shape only slightly from the contracted to the expanded condition, as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2. Arms 14 adjoin adjacent sinusoidal wave shaped segments between a peak and a valley and preferably at zero-point 11 of the sinusoidal shape. (On a sine curve plotted on an X and Y axis, the "zero-point" is that point that intersects the X axis.)
  • FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment of the stent of this invention wherein the connector arms of each bridge element adjoin alternate zero points of each adjacent segment. That is, in terms of the sinusoidal wave shape of each segment, bridge elements are connected at zero points separated by 360°. This results in even spacing of bridge elements between adjacent segments.
  • the bridge elements are oriented in the same direction; that is, the U-shaped portion of each bridge element faces the same direction. It has been found that connection of the bridge elements at the zero points not only produces a very elastic joint but also results in the longitudinal length of the stent being the same in the contracted condition and the expanded condition and in all degrees of expansion therebetween.
  • FIG. 1 A radially-contracted condition of the stent is illustrated in Figure 1. This condition is slightly expanded from the stents fully contracted delivery condition so that the details of the stents structure may be more clearly shown.
  • Figure 2 shows that a segment 2 is elongated compared to the same segment in Figure 1. That is, the segments retain the sinusoidal shape, but the amplitude and the frequency of the sine wave is less in the expanded condition than in the contracted condition.
  • Figures 1 and 2 also show that the connector arms 14 remain substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent in both the radially contracted position (Figure 1) and radially expanded position ( Figure 2).
  • FIG. 3(a) is a view of one cell of the stent of Figure 2.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that the stent is made up of individual, interconnected cells, each cell having the same size and shape.
  • Figures 3(b) to 3(f) illustrate that the cross sectional shape and area of the material making up the stent varies over the cell.
  • the perimeter of a cell is formed from portions of adjacent sinusoidal segments (2a and 2b) and two bridge elements (8a and 8b). Sinusoidal segment portions 2a and 2b are 360° portions of the sinusoidal wave shape of the annular segments.
  • Arms 14a and 14a' extend from U-shape portion 10a of bridge element 8a.
  • Apex 12a of bridge 8a is oriented in the same direction as apex 12b of bridge 8b.
  • Bridges 8a and 8b adjoin adjacent segments 2a and 2b at zero points 11 of the sinusoidal shape; that is, between the peaks and valleys of the segments.
  • Bridge element 8b having U-shape 10b, apex 12b, and arms 14b and 14b', forms the remainder of the cell.
  • Figures 3(b), 3(c), 3(d), 3(e) and 3(f) show the shape and size of the cross-section of different portions of the cell taken along lines b-b, c-c, d-d, e-e and f-f respectively. It is preferred that the cross-sectional area of the material making up the stent vary. The cross-sectional shape may vary as well. An alternate way of describing this is that the width of the material making up the stent of Figures 1 and 2 (i.e., the width of any portion of a bridge or a sinusoidal segment in plane Z) may be different than the thickness of that portion (i.e., the dimension in a plane X, perpendicular to plane Z). It has been found that varying the cross-sectional area of different portions of the material of the stent produces optimum strength, flexibility, and support, enabling the stent to accommodate the differing stresses it encounters during use.
  • Figures 4(a) to 4(f) illustrate the effects of compression, flexure, and torsion, respectively, on one cell of the stent of this invention.
  • the arrows indicate the direction of the forces applied to the stent.
  • the areas of the stent cell having the greatest stress concentration are indicated by solid lines.
  • Figure 4(a) the stent is subjected to a compression force.
  • Figure 4(b) shows that the areas of greatest stress occurs at the peaks and valleys of the sinusoidal shaped segments.
  • Figure 4(c) shows s stent undergoing flexure.
  • Figure 4(d) indicates that the areas of greatest stress occur at the apex of the U-shape of the bridge.
  • Figure 4(e) shows a stent under torsion.
  • Figure 4(f) indicates that the maximum stress occurs at the areas where the bridge joins the sinusoidal shaped segments, i.e., at the zero point.
  • One way to do this is to form the desired wall geometry in a continuous tubular blank and then cut or machine the stent from this blank. For example, techniques such as laser incision, photo-incision, and electroerosion may be used to form a desired geometry. In this way, the stent bridges and sinusoidal segments are formed.
  • Figure 5a shows a continuous tubular blank from which stents can be formed.
  • the tubular blank has outer surface 51 forming the outer diameter and inner surface 53 forming the inner diameter; surfaces 51 and 53 are separated by wall thickness 55.
  • the characteristics of the stent including wall thickness and shape can be varied in accordance with the shape and surface configuration of inner and outer surfaces 53 and 51 of the tubular blank. Accordingly, the wall of the stent may be formed so that it has a variety of cross sectional shapes.
  • Figures 5(b) to 5(f) show a section or slice of differently shaped tubular blanks between lines a-a' and illustrate various wall shapes.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular blank may be substantially parallel as in Figure 5b.
  • the surface configuration of the outer and/or inner surfaces may be varied as in Figures 5(c) to 5(f).
  • the inner diameter of the tube may be constant and the outer diameter may vary, as in Figure 5(c), or the converse, as in Figure 5(d), may be used.
  • Figures 5(e) and 5(f) illustrate tube walls having variable inside and outside diameters. Such tubular blanks are then machined to form the desired stent as described above. The result is that the desired thicknesses and widths can be provided to different portions of the stent.
  • Figures 6(a) and 6(b) show a further embodiment of the invention and illustrate how the shape of the wall of a continuous tubular blank corresponds to the stent of this invention.
  • Figure 6(a) shows a longitudinal cross-section of a portion of a tubular blank having a constant inner diameter but varying outer diameter. This blank is then used to form the sinusoidal segments and bridges of the stent.
  • Figure 6(b) shows that the regions of the bridges adjoining the sinusoidal shaped segments (i.e., at the zero point) may be made with a smaller thickness than the remaining portions of the stent.
  • This stent comprises bridge elements 78 adjoining sinusoidal shaped segments 72 at zero points 71 of the sinusoidal shape.
  • the bridge elements are evenly spaced.
  • the bridge elements are spaced apart 720° along the sinusoidal shape of the segments.
  • the apices of each bridge element face the same direction.
  • the stent of Figure 4 illustrates cells all having the same shape and size. In contrast to Figures 1 and 2, this stent has fewer connecting bridges and fewer cells.
  • the stent of Figure 8 is a hybrid of Figures 1 and 6.
  • Bridge elements 88 adjoin adjacent segments 82 at zero points 81 of the sinusoidal shape. All bridge elements are oriented similarly (i.e., face the same direction). The bridge elements adjoining adjacent segments are evenly spaced. However, the number and spacing of bridge elements is not the same for each pair of adjacent segments. This results in cells of unequal size and may produce regions of variable flexibility as well as strength.
  • An advantage to having a greater number of bridge elements (and hence cells) at either end of the stent is that they provide additional stability and strength to the ends of the stent while having fewer cells in the middle portion of the stent provides additional flexibility.
  • FIG. 9 Another variation of the stent is illustrated in Figure 9.
  • the bridge elements are evenly spaced throughout the stent, forming cells all of equal size and shape.
  • apices for example, 90a and 90b
  • apices face opposite directions in adjacent pairs of segments 92.
  • Figure 10 illustrates yet another variation of the stent, wherein U-shaped portions 100a and 100b of bridge elements 108a and 108b, respectively, are facing in opposite directions in adjacent pairs of segments 102 and wherein the cells formed at each end of the stent are of different size than those of the remaining cells.
  • the bridge elements adjoining any pair of adjacent segments are evenly spaced, but the number and spacing of bridge elements is not the same for each pair of adjacent segments. This results in cells of unequal size, and, in similar fashion to Figure 8, produces regions of greater strength at either end of the stent.
  • the stent cell structure is sufficiently open to permit access to the lumen. For example, it is possible to manipulate catheters through the stent wall into vessel bifurcations in order to treat those vessels.
  • the stent geometry provides a smooth profile for delivery when in the contracted position.
  • the U-shape of the connecting bridges lies between a converging valley and peak of adjacent sinusoidal segments and acts as a bridge therebetween.
  • peaks or valleys of some prior art stents protrude especially when the stent is bent during delivery. This protruding peak or valley can snag on a vessel wall or plaque, making delivery and positioning of the stent difficult.
  • a further advantage is provided by the configuration of the bridge elements.
  • the connector arms and U-shaped portion of the bridge elements act in cooperation with the segments to provide an effective support surface for the vessel wall while at the same time minimizing the amount of stent material which must be used.
  • the most widely used method is to use a balloon catheter, disposing the stent about the balloon of the catheter in the contracted condition and then expanding the balloon once the stent has been delivered to the deployment site.
  • Different solutions are also possible, such as using superelastic materials that expand when the stent reaches the implantation site. Typically these materials are held in a contracted condition by means of a containment element that is released when the stent has reached the desired location and position.
  • Materials having a "shape memory" that expand from a first configuration to a second expanded configuration when heated to a transition temperature (i.e., body temperature) also may be used in order to achieve the radial expansion in the implant position.
  • the stent is made from a metal capable of satisfying two fundamental requirements: the ability to deform during the expansion phase and the ability to resist forces which could lead to contraction of the stent. That is, the stent retains the expanded shape.
  • the stents of this invention may comprise 316 stainless steel or a shape memory material known under the commercial designation "Nitinol". "Nitinol” is a nickel-titanium alloy that has been shown to be successful due to its superelasticity as well as its shape memory. Stents also may comprise biodegradable and/or biocompatible polymers, as known to one of skill in the art.
  • the stent of this invention comprises a tubular body with an apertured wall.
  • Methods of making the stent include, i.a.:
  • the first arrangement described is the one currently preferred for producing stents of this invention.
  • the use of laser beams to cut a continuous tubular blank has been shown to be the most flexible way to modify rapidly the characteristics of the stent during production.
  • Such methods may be used to produce a stent having a variable wall thickness, and, in either case, with wall material having different cross-sections. These methods include making the stent from a continuous tubular blank and machining, grinding, chemically etching, or electron discharge machining the tube to produce the desired pattern and also obtain sections of desired cross-section. Alternatively, a tubular blank having variable thickness down its length could be laser cut to form the desired arrangement of segments and bridges. A stent could be formed and then the inside surface could be turned or micro-etched.
  • the production method is not critical to the stents of this invention, as they may be formed by any desired method. This applies to the choice of the individual techniques and the order in which the various operations (the production of the apertured parts, segmentation, possible folding of the strip-like element, etc.) are performed.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
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Claims (9)

  1. Stent (1), der aus einem röhrenförmigen Rohling hergestellt wurde, welcher eine Längsachse (3) definiert und der erste und zweite benachbarte ringförmige Segmente (2) aufweist, die durch eine Vielzahl von Brückenelementen (8) verbunden sind, wobei jedes Segment (2) eine im wesentlichen sinusförmige Form definiert, die eine Vielzahl von Gipfeln und Tälern aufweist, wobei die Gipfel des ersten Segments sich in Richtung des zweiten Segments erstrecken und längs auf die Täler des zweiten Segments ausgerichtet sind, und wobei die Vielzahl der Brückenelemente (8) einen U-förmigen Bereich (10) zwischen ersten und zweiten Verbindungsarmen (14) aufweist, und wobei der röhrenförmige Rohling gegenüberliegende Oberflächen (51, 53) besitzt, die durch eine nicht einheitliche Wanddicke (55) getrennt sind, wodurch unterschiedliche Dicken in verschiedenen Bereichen des Stents bereitgestellt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Verbindungsarm eines Brückenelements (8) zwischen einem ersten Gipfel und einem ersten Tal des ersten Segments verbunden ist und der zweite Verbindungsarm zwischen einem ersten Gipfel und einem ersten Tal des zweiten Segments derart verbunden ist, dass sich der U-förmige Bereich (10) in die Richtung des ersten Gipfels des ersten Segments und des ersten Tals des zweiten Segments erstreckt, und dass die Regionen der Brückenelemente (8), die an die sinusförmig geformten Elemente (2) angrenzen, mit einer geringeren Dicke als die übrigen Bereiche des Stents versehen sind.
  2. Stent nach Anspruch 1, bei dem in dem röhrenförmigen Rohling die gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen (51, 53) äußere (51) und innere (53) Oberflächen definieren, die jeweils Innen- und Außendurchmesser haben, wobei die jeweiligen Innen- und Außendurchmesser variabel sind, um die nicht einheitliche Wanddicke bereitzustellen.
  3. Stent nach Anspruch 1, bei dem in dem röhrenförmigen Rohling die gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen (51, 53) äußere (51) und innere (53) Oberflächen definieren, die jeweils Innen- und Außendurchmesser haben, wobei der Innendurchmesser konstant ist und der Außendurchmesser variierend ist, um die nicht einheitliche Wanddicke bereitzustellen.
  4. Stent nach Anspruch 1, bei dem in dem röhrenförmigen Rohling die gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen (51, 53) äußere (51) und innere (53) Oberflächen definieren, die jeweils Innen- und Außendurchmesser haben, wobei der Außendurchmesser konstant ist und der Innendurchmesser variierend ist, um die nicht einheitliche Wanddicke bereitzustellen.
  5. Stent nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die U-förmigen Bereiche (10) der Vielzahl der Brückenelemente in dieselbe Richtung orientiert sind.
  6. Stent nach Anspruch 1, der weiterhin ein drittes ringförmiges Segment (2) aufweist, das mit dem zweiten U-förmigen Segment (2) durch eine Vielzahl von Brückenelementen (8) verbunden ist, wobei der U-förmige Bereich (10) der Vielzahl der Brückenelemente (8) in eine Richtung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten ringförmigen Segment (2) und in die gegenüberliegende Richtung zwischen dem zweiten und dem dritten ringförmigen Segment (2) orientiert ist.
  7. Stent nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Verbindungsarm (14) des Brückenelements (8) das ringförmige Segment (12) an einem Nullpunkt der sinusförmigen Form verbindet.
  8. Stent nach Anspruch 7, bei dem jeder Verbindungsarm (14) jedes ringförmige Segment (2) an einem Nullpunkt der sinusförmigen Gestalt verbindet.
  9. Stent nach Anspruch 1, der weiterhin ein drittes ringförmiges Segment (2) aufweist, das durch Brückenelemente mit dem zweiten ringförmigen Segment (2) verbunden ist, wobei die Brückenelemente (8) Nullpunkte verbinden, die durch 360° zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten angrenzenden Segment (2) getrennt sind, und wohin weiterhin die Brückenelemente (8) Nullpunkte verbinden, die durch 720° zwischen den zweiten und dritten benachbarten Segmenten getrennt sind.
EP00120834A 1999-10-01 2000-09-25 Stents für Angioplastie Expired - Lifetime EP1088528B1 (de)

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US09/410,303 US6451049B2 (en) 1998-04-29 1999-10-01 Stents for angioplasty

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US7875068B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2011-01-25 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Removable biliary stent
US7959671B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2011-06-14 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Differential covering and coating methods
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EP1088528A1 (de) 2001-04-04
DE60031490D1 (de) 2006-12-07
ATE343355T1 (de) 2006-11-15
US6451049B2 (en) 2002-09-17
US20010044649A1 (en) 2001-11-22
ES2274758T3 (es) 2007-06-01
DK1088528T3 (da) 2007-02-26
DE60031490T2 (de) 2007-03-29
US20020183831A1 (en) 2002-12-05
US7273494B2 (en) 2007-09-25

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