EP0908694B1 - Muzzle climb and recoil compensator fo firearms - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (2,3) is in the form of a curved deflector profile fitted to the mouth of a gun barrel (1) extending parallel to and beneath the flight path of the bullet to divert firing gases as the bullet leaves the barrel. The deflector curves upwards to the left and right hand sides of the barrel, open on its top side. The distance between the deflector and the bullet flight path is at least as great as the bullet diameter, whilst its length is at least five times greater than the bullet diameter. Independent claims are also included for: (a) a recoil compensator fitted transverse to the barrel in front of the barrel opening, comprising at least one forwards-sloping deflector with holes for the bullet to pass through, and with left and right hand side guide plates fitted to form open top and bottom surfaces; and (b) a two-leg support or gun carriage for a machine gun or artillery piece fitted with the recoil compensator.

Description

The well-known hand and handguns (rifles, rapid-fire rifles, pistols and submachine guns) have the disadvantage that after each shot the barrel moves more or less upwards as a "high blow" and at the same time there is a more or less unpleasant setback.
With single shots and with semi-automatic multiple single shots, the target gets out of sight every time and time is lost for aiming again.
With fully automatic rifles and pistols, i.e. with rapid-fire rifles, machine guns and submachine guns, this is an even greater disadvantage, since the shot accuracy is deteriorated from shot to shot. This upward stroke of the barrel is a result of the setback caused by the combustion gases being expelled from the barrel mouth. If the physical pressure line of the kickback continued in the direction of the barrel on the supporting shoulder or in the case of pistols on the supporting hand, an upward movement would be excluded. However, since the pressure line in the area of the piston or the shoulder rest bends down towards the shoulder, an upward movement at the end of the barrel must inevitably occur for physical reasons.
The same applies to pistols, since the barrel pressure line is also bent downwards at hand.

As a technical antidote to this, bores or slots in the upper front part of the barrel or as high-impact compensators in additional front parts are known, but due to the very high gas pressure in the front barrel and those with only slightly enlarged inner diameters in order to avoid impairing the trajectory of the projectile, only minor Overall cross sections may have and therefore have little effect on the high impact.
In the case of cannons, a baffle provided with a bullet passage is known, which does not reduce the impact, but only the recoil of the barrel on the carriage.
From the patent US-PS 1 369 085 semicircular curved blocking areas located in front of the mouth are known, which are to reduce or eliminate the high impact. However, since their distance from the projectile trajectory is too small, the accuracy of the shot is reduced by disturbing forces of the expanding combustion gases.
German patent DE 38 31 766 C2 discloses baffle surfaces which are inclined forward, but which, according to their own information there, only reduce the impact, ie do not eliminate it. The reason for this is that the combustion gases can escape all around the impact surfaces.

The registered invention is based on the task Upward movement of the barrel without disturbing the projectile trajectory is essential to prevent more than before and as completely as possible and thereby the To improve the accuracy of the follow-up shots in rapid-fire weapons. In addition, the setback should be greatly reduced at the same time.

The solution to this problem arises from the fact that the combustion gases not only immediately before the mouth at a very high speed towards, but all around at the same time, i.e. also up and down, expand and apply expansion pressure, which is however in the area in front of the Mouth proportional to the gas expansion much less than in the previous known high impact compensators.

The claim 1 goes across from the "muzzle brake" for cannons attached before the mouth and such according to the German Patent DE 38 31 766 C2 obliquely from the inclined impact surfaces. This type of design does partially dampen kickback, but only a partial and slight reduction in the upstroke: this results from the fact that the combustion gases can escape all around.

However, if according to the present claim 1 and the attached Fig. 1. left and right side baffles (2) are attached, the combustion gases can only escape up and down and become more in front of the inclined baffle surface (3) with much greater pressure redirected upwards than downwards.
The effect here is that at the same time the upward movement caused by the kickback causes a downward movement.
These two opposing forces can be mutually canceled out by enlarging or reducing the impact surface (3) as well as its angle of inclination and the projectile opening, thus completely preventing the impact.

The attached Fig. 1 is an example of the practical application, namely the side view and the top view of the inclined baffle surface (3), which is connected to the two side guide plates (2) holding the combustion gases together, and the front view.
With the strong gas pressure acting in the weft direction, a relatively small angle of inclination is sufficient, as shown. However, a larger angle of inclination can also be used together with a larger projectile opening or with a smaller impact surface (3). The side guide plates (2) also and at the same time achieve such a strong reduction in kickback that the kickback is almost no longer noticeable.
Despite the strong gas pressure within this compensator, the accuracy of the projectile trajectory is not adversely affected, since this influence between left and right as well as between top and bottom takes place largely in a symmetrical manner.
The type of attachment to the barrel is not shown, since this can be done arbitrarily, for example by welding or screwing or otherwise.

For handguns with a shorter overall length or higher stock as well with a weaker powder load, it may be used to completely prevent the High impact may be necessary, the effect of the specified Reinforcing construction elements in such a way that before the mouth stronger downward pressure is achieved.

According to claim 2, such a reinforcing effect occurs in that, as a result of the partially closed (4) lower open area, an additional part of the combustion gases has to escape upwards instead of downwards.
Fig. 2 shows a practical application example. Depending on the type of firearms and ammunition, larger or smaller closed areas may also be suitable.

Claim 3 represents a further embodiment in that Most of the combustion gases are directed upwards than downwards.

This also applies to claim 4, since the function of inclined baffle (3) is taken over by the inclined baffles (2).

Claims 6 and 7 provide a further possibility in this Senses that the function of the baffles (2) by the also Combustion gas holding tube with openings is taken over. This has the additional advantage of a muzzle fire damper.

The embodiment according to claim 5 represents another effective Possibility against the high and setback, because here too more Combustion gases exit as below. This arrangement works through the Gas jam in front of the vertical baffle (3) similar to that to the forward inclined baffle (3), especially if a small lower End surface (4) at right angles directly to the vertical impact surface is applied. This type of production can be carried out very cheaply by the fact that right-angled sections of commercially available rectangular steel tube be used. These are from with a bullet through hole and at the back with a hole for inserting the barrel muzzle area Mistake. If an external thread is attached to this, the rear one Wall of the profile tube section by two nuts firmly with the Muzzle area are screwed.

Compensators according to claims 2 to 7 can also be produced by reducing the lower open areas to a somewhat greater extent by pushing the barrel (1) downwards beyond the removal of the high impact.
Although this cannot be general, it can be an advantage when using machine guns with bipods or with cannons with gun carriages, as they are pressed more than just by their own weight on the ground when firing, which makes the barrel movements smoother and improves accuracy. Especially with machine guns, this improves the effect of the bipod and can make a heavier carriage unnecessary.

The advantages of the invention are as follows:
With rifles and semi-automatic rifles with multiple single shots, the target does not get out of sight every time, so that a faster and more accurate shot sequence is possible.
With rapid-fire rifles and submachine guns, the subsequent shots do not move upwards. This gives a significantly improved hit pattern, significantly increases efficiency and saves ammunition.
With light machine guns with bipod supports, the barrel is much quieter and more accurate.
In single shots from hunting rifles with a telescopic sight, the game does not get out of sight and can be followed optically.
When shooting with semi-automatic rifles, a faster and better hit sequence is possible.
The setback is reduced so much that it is almost no longer noticeable.

This also increases the accuracy of the shot even with single shots improved since the rifle butt no longer has to be pressed on and the shooter no longer has to pay attention to this. So he can only focus on the aiming and shooting process.

Claims (7)

1. Muzzle climb and recoil compensator for firearms comprising a deflection plate (3) that is mounted transverse to a firearm barrel (1) in front of its muzzle, is attached to this barrel and is inclined forwards and provided with an opening for the passage of the projectile, wherein guide plates (2) are attached to its right and left sides forming areas which are open toward the top and the bottom.
2. Muzzle climb and recoil compensator according to claim 1, wherein the open area at the bottom is partly closed (4).
3. Muzzle claim and recoil compensator according to claim 1, wherein the guide plates (2) attached to the right and left sides are disposed in an inclined rather than a vertical position and are wider at the top than at the bottom, thus providing an open area which is larger at the top than at the bottom.
4. Muzzle climb and recoil compensator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the deflection plate (3) is disposed in a vertical position rather than inclined forwards.
5. Muzzle climb and recoil compensator according to claims 1, 2 and 4, wherein the open area at the bottom is partly closed in its front portion.
6. Muzzle climb and recoil compensator according to claim 1, wherein a section of pipe having a round, square or other cross section and provided with openings all around or at least at the top and at the bottom is attached in lieu and in the direction of the lateral guide plates (2), and the total area of the openings is larger in the region of the upper half of the pipe than in its lower half.
7. Muzzle climb and recoil compensator according to claim 6, wherein a deflection plate (3) which is inclined forwards is replaced by a vertical deflection plate (3).

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