EP0891361A1 - Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase - Google Patents

Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase

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Publication number
EP0891361A1
EP0891361A1 EP97920000A EP97920000A EP0891361A1 EP 0891361 A1 EP0891361 A1 EP 0891361A1 EP 97920000 A EP97920000 A EP 97920000A EP 97920000 A EP97920000 A EP 97920000A EP 0891361 A1 EP0891361 A1 EP 0891361A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substituted
alkyl
unsubstituted
aryl
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97920000A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Neville J. Anthony
Robert P. Gomez
Samuel L. Graham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck and Co Inc
Original Assignee
Merck and Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9613462.2A external-priority patent/GB9613462D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9617277.0A external-priority patent/GB9617277D0/en
Application filed by Merck and Co Inc filed Critical Merck and Co Inc
Publication of EP0891361A1 publication Critical patent/EP0891361A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D233/70—One oxygen atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • Ras proteins are part of a signalling pathway that links cell surface growth factor receptors to nuclear signals initiating cellular proliferation.
  • Biological and biochemical studies of Ras action indicate that Ras functions like a G-regulatory protein.
  • Ras In the inactive state, Ras is bound to GDP.
  • Ras Upon growth factor receptor activation Ras is induced to exchange GDP for GTP and undergoes a conformational change.
  • the GTP-bound form of Ras propagates the growth stimulatory signal until the signal is terminated by the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras, which returns the protein to its inactive GDP bound form (D.R. Lowy and D.M.
  • Mutated ras genes (Ha-ras, Ki4a-r ⁇ zs, Ki4b-r ⁇ and N-ras) are found in many human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, and myeloid leukemias. The protein products of these genes are defective in their GTPase activity and constitutively transmit a growth stimulatory signal.
  • Ras must be localized to the plasma membrane for both normal and oncogenic functions. At least 3 post-translational modifications are involved with Ras membrane localization, and all 3 modifications occur at the C-terminus of Ras.
  • the Ras C-terminus contains a sequence motif termed a "CAAX” or "Cys-Aaa 1 -Aaa 2 -Xaa” box (Cys is cysteine, Aaa is an aliphatic amino acid, the Xaa is any amino acid) (Willumsen et ai. Nature 5/0:583-586 (1984)).
  • this motif serves as a signal sequence for the enzymes famesyl-protein transferase or geranylgeranyl-protein transferase, which catalyze the alkylation of the cysteine residue of the CAAX motif with a C15 or C20 isoprenoid, respectively.
  • the Ras protein is one of several proteins that are known to undergo post-translational famesyl- ation.
  • famesylated proteins include the Ras-related GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, fungal mating factors, the nuclear lamins, and the gamma subunit of transducin. James, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14182 (1994) have identified a peroxisome associated protein Pxf which is also famesylated. James, et al., have also suggested that there are famesyl ⁇ ated proteins of unknown structure and function in addition to those listed above.
  • Famesyl-protein transferase utilizes famesyl pyrophosphate to covalently modify the Cys thiol group of the Ras CAAX box with a famesyl group (Reiss et al., Cell, 62:81 -88 ( 1990); Schaber et al, J. Biol Chem., 265: 14701-14704 (1990); Schafer et al, Science, 249: 1 133-1 139 (1990); Marine et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 57:7541 -7545 (1990)).
  • Inhibition of famesyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase blocks Ras membrane localization in cultured cells.
  • direct inhibition of famesyl- protein transferase would be more specific and attended by fewer side effects than would occur with the required dose of a general inhibitor of isoprene biosynthesis.
  • FPTase famesyl-protein transferase
  • FPP famesyl diphosphate
  • Ras protein substrates
  • Bisubstrate inhibitors and inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase that are non-competitive with the substrates have also been described.
  • the peptide derived inhibitors that have been described are generally cysteine containing molecules that are related to the CAAX motif that is the signal for protein prenylation.
  • Such inhibitors may inhibit protein prenylation while serving as altemate substrates for the famesyl-protein transferase enzyme, or may be purely competitive inhibitors (U.S. Patent 5,141 ,851 , University of Texas; N.E. Kohl et al, Science, 260: 1934-1937 (1993); Graham, et al., J. Med. Chem., 37, 725 (1994)).
  • deletion of the thiol from a CAAX derivative has been shown to dramatically reduce the inhibitory potency of the compound.
  • thiol group potentially places limitations on the therapeutic application of FPTase inhibitors with respect to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity. Therefore, a functional replacement for the thiol is desirable. It has recently been disclosed that certain tricyclic compounds which optionally incorporate a piperidine moiety are inhibitors of FPTase (WO 95/10514, WO 95/10515 and WO 95/10516). Imidazole-containing inhibitors of famesyl protein transferase have also been disclosed (WO 95/09001 and EP 0 675 112 Al).
  • famesyl-protein transferase inhibitors are inhibitors of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and are therefore useful in the prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis and diabetic disturbance of blood vessels (JP H7-I I2930).
  • the present invention comprises arylheteroaryl- containing compounds which inhibit the famesyl-protein transferase. Further contained in this invention are chemotherapeutic compositions containing these famesyl transferase inhibitors and methods for their production.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful in the inhibition of famesyl-protein transferase and the famesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.
  • the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula A:
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f s are independently CH;
  • Rl and R 2 are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, RlOO-, Rl IS(0) m -, R!0CO)NRI0-,
  • R3, R4 and R ⁇ are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C l -C perfluoroalkyl, R 12Q., R n S(0)m-, R 10 C(O)NRl0-, (R10) 2 NC(0)-, RHC(0)0-, R10 2 N-C(NR10)-, CN, N ⁇ 2, R ,0 C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl ) 2 , orRllOC(O)NRl0., c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted
  • R6a ? 6b ? R6C ? R6d an d R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl2 ⁇ -, R 1 ⁇ (Ojm-, Rl0C(O)NRl0_, (R10) 2 NC(O)-, Rl l C(0)0-, R10 2 N-C(NR10)-, CN, N02, R 10 C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO) 2 , orRH ⁇ C(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C 1 -C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl,
  • R9 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) alkenyl, alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br,
  • RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl and aryl
  • Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C alkyl, C1-C6 aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
  • V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle, c) aryl, d) C1-C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, provided that V is not hydrogen if A* is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R8 and to A 1 is through a substitutable ring carbon;
  • W is a heterocycle
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
  • Rl is independently selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOo-, -N(R 10 )2, F or Cj-C ⁇ alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N ⁇ O ⁇ F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C l -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, RlOO- and -N(RlO) 2 ;
  • R3, R4 and R ⁇ are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl2 ⁇ -, RllS(0)m-, R ,0 C(O)NRl0-, (Rl0) 2 NC(O)-, R!0 2 N-C(NR10)-, CN, N ⁇ 2, Rl°C(0)-, N3, -N(RlO) 2 , orRllOC ⁇ NRiO-, c) unsubstituted C 1 -C6 alkyl; d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycl
  • Rod and R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6C, Rod or R6e j s unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6C ? R6d or R6e t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
  • R 7 is selected from: H; Cl -4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) C] -4 alkoxy, b) aryl or heterocycle, c) halogen, d) HO, 11 e)
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, Cl -C alkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, RlOo-, Rl0C(O)NRl0-, CN, N02, (RlO)2N-C(NRlO)-, Rl C(O)-, -N(Rl0)2,orRllOC(O)NRl0-, and c) C 1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C 1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, RlOo-, Rl0C(O)NRl0-, (RlO) 2 N-C(NRlO)-, RlOC(O)-, -N(RlO)2, orRllOC(O)NRl0- ; provided that when R ⁇ is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
  • R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Rl lO-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR1 -, (RlO) 2 NC(0)-,
  • RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from Cj-C6 alkyl and aryl
  • Rl 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C6 aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl, d) C1 -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and provided that V is not hydrogen if A ⁇ is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if Al is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R ⁇ and to Al is through a substitutable ring carbon;
  • W is a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, triazolyl or isoquinolinyl;
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
  • R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R l°0-, -N(R 1 °)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(R l O)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R lOO- and -N(RlO) ;
  • R3 and R are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, 15-
  • R 6a , R 6b , R 6c , R6d and R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3- 0 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • R3, R4, R6a ? R6b, R6C ? R6d or R6e j s unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R ⁇ , R4, R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d or R6e t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, Cl -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, RlOo-, R l0c(O)NR l0-, CN, N ⁇ 2, (R 10 )2N-C(NR l0)-,
  • R9a and R ⁇ b are independently hydrogen, Cl -C6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen;
  • RlO i independently selected from hydrogen, Cl -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • R l 1 is independently selected from Cl -C6 alkyl and aryl;
  • Rl 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, Cl -C6 alkyl, Cl -C6 aralkyl, Cl-C6 substituted aralkyl, Cl -C6 heteroaralkyl, Cl-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
  • V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl, d) Cl -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and provided that V is not hydrogen if Al is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R# and to A l is through a substitutable ring carbon;
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
  • R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C]0 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(RlO)2, F or C1 -C alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, R 1 OO-, -N(R 1 °)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted Cj -C alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, lOO- and -N(R lO) 2 ;
  • R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 12O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 1°C(0)NR 10-, CN(RlO) 2 NC(0)-, R l0 2 N-C(NRl )-, CN, N02, R 10 C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO) 2 , or Rl l ⁇ C(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl, d) substituted Cl-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted
  • R6a ? R6b, R6C ? R6d a nd R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl 2 0-, R !S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR1°-, CN(Rl°)2NC(0)-, Rl0 2 N-C(NRlO)-, CN, N02, R 10 C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl ) 2 , orRH ⁇ C(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubsti
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl,
  • R9 and R ⁇ b are independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen;
  • RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl and aryl
  • Rl 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl, d) C1-C2O alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C2O alkenyl, and provided that V is not hydrogen if Al is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R# and to Al is through a substitutable ring carbon;
  • the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula D:
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
  • Rl is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C1-C6 alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R ⁇ OO-, -N(Rl°)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, RlOO-, or -N(RlO) 2 ;
  • R is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, CJ-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl 2 0-, RllS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, (Rl0) 2 NC(O)-,
  • R4 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl and CF3;
  • R 6a , R 6b , R6C ? R6d anc ⁇ R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl 2 0-, Rl l S(0) m -, R 0C(O)NR10_ > (Rl0) 2 NC(O)-,
  • R3, R6a, R6b, R6C ? R6d or R6e j s unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R , R6a, R6b ? 6C ? Rod or R6e t0 t e 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl,
  • R9a and R ⁇ b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl
  • RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl and aryl
  • Rl 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C heteroaralkyl,
  • Al is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(0) m ;
  • n is 0 or 1 ; provided that n is not 0 if Al is a bond, O,
  • the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula E: wherein:
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
  • Rl is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(RlO) 2 , F or C1-C alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(R10) , F orC2-C6 alkenyl, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, Rl O-, or
  • R3 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl2 0 -, Rl lS(0) m -, R1°C(0)NR10-, (R10) 2 NC(O)-, Rl0 2 N-C(NRlO)-,CN, N02, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO) 2 , orRllOC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted Cl -C alkyl, d) substituted C1-C alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C
  • R is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl and CF3;
  • R 6a , R 6b , R6 C ; R6d and R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, Cl -C alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, RlOO-, RlOC(0)NR 10 -, CN, NO2, (R1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R lOC(O)-, -N(RlO)2, or RH ⁇ C(O)NRl0-, a nd c) C] -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, RlOo-,
  • R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl
  • RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from C1 -C alkyl and aryl
  • Rl 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, CI -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifIuoroethyl;
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
  • R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C 1 -C6 alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R lOO-, -N(Rl O)2 or
  • R is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 1 2 0-, R 1 1 S(0) m -, R 10c(O)NR 10-, (R 10) 2 NC(O)-,
  • Rl0 2 N-C(NR lO)-, CN, N02, R 10 C(O)-, N3, -N(R l0) 2 , or R l lOC(O)NR l0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
  • R 4 is selected from H, halogen, CH3 and CF3;
  • R 6 , R6b, R6C ⁇ R6d an d R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl 2 0-, Rl lS(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NRl0-, (Rl0) 2 NC(O)-, Rl0 2 N-C(NRlO)-, CN, N02, R 10 C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO) 2 , orRH ⁇ C(O)NRl0., c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted Cl -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubsti
  • Rl0 2 N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO) 2 , and RllOC(O)-NRl0- ; or
  • -CH CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-;
  • R 3 , R6a t 6b, R6C ? R6d or R6e j s unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R , R6a, R6b 5 R6C, R6d or Roe t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
  • R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl
  • RIO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl
  • R l 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f s are independently CH;
  • R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R l°0-, -N(R1°)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl;
  • R 2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle or C3-C10 cycloalkyl, c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R l°0-, or -N(RlO) 2 ;
  • R3 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 a lkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • R 4 is selected from H, halogen, CH3 and CF3;
  • R6a ? R6b, R6C 5 R6d and R 6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
  • R9 and R ⁇ b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl
  • R lO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
  • Rl 1 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl
  • Rl 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C] -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifIuoroethyl;
  • a l is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(RlO)-, or S(0) m ;
  • n 0, 1 or 2; and n is O or l;
  • Preferred compounds of the invention are:
  • the compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual diastereomers, with all possible isomers, including optical isomers, being included in the present invention.
  • any variable e.g. aryl, heterocycle, Rl , R 2 etc.
  • its definition on each occurence is independent at every other occurence.
  • combinations of substituents/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
  • alkyl and the alkyl portion of aralkyl and similar terms, is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms; “alkoxy” represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • cycloalkyl is intended to include non- aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
  • Alkenyl include those groups having the specified number of carbon atoms and having one or several double bonds.
  • alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, 1 -propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, isoprenyl, famesyl, geranyl, geranylgeranyl and the like.
  • Alkynyl groups include those groups having the specified number of carbon atoms and having one triple bonds. Examples of alkynyl groups include acetylene, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl and the like. "Halogen” or “halo” as used herein means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • aryl and the aryl portion of aroyl and aralkyl, is intended to mean any stable monocyclic or bicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
  • aryl elements include phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl or acenaphthyl.
  • heterocycle or heterocyclic represents a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or stable 8- to 1 1 -membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
  • the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure.
  • heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone, furyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindohnyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl,
  • heteroaryl is intended to mean any stable monocyclic or bicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic and wherein from one to four carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
  • heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone, furyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindohnyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolin
  • the substituted group is intended to mean a substituted Cl-8 alkyl, substituted C2-8 alkenyl, substituted C2-8 alkynyl, substituted aryl or substituted heterocycle from which the substituent(s) R3, R4, R5 ano " R6a-e are selected.
  • substituted Cl -8 alkyl, substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, substituted aroyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaroyl, substituted arylsulfonyl, substituted heteroaryl ⁇ sulfonyl and substituted heterocycle include moieties containing from 1 to 3 substituents in addition to the point of attachment to the rest of the compound.
  • substituted aryl substituted heterocycle
  • substituted cycloalkyl are intended to include the cyclic group which is substituted on a substitutable ring carbon atom with 1 or 2 substitutents selected from the group which includes but is not limited to F, Cl, Br, CF3, NH2, N(Cl -C6 alkyl)2, N02, CN, (Q -C6 alkyl)0-, -OH, (C1 -C6 alkyl)S(0) m -, (Cl -C6 alkyl)C(0)NH-, H 2 N-C(NH)-, (C ] -C6 alkyl)C(O)-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)OC(O)-, N3,(Cl -C6 alkyl)OC(0)NH-, phenyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl,
  • Lines drawn into the ring systems from substituents means that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
  • fused ring moieties may be further substituted by the remaining R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d an d/or Roe as defined hereinabove.
  • the aromatic 6-membered heterocyclic ring is a pyridyl ring.
  • Rl and R 2 are independently selected from: hydrogen, RHC(0)0-, -N(RlO) 2 , R10C(O)NR10-, RlOo- or unsubstituted or substituted Cl-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted Cl-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, -N(Rl ) 2 , Rl O- and R!0C(O)NR10-.
  • R3 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C3-C10 cycloalkyl, halogen, Cl-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl 2 0-,
  • R is selected from: hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and C1-C6 alkyl.
  • R ⁇ is hydrogen.
  • Rod anc j R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C3-C10 cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl 2 0-, R 1 •s m-, CN, N ⁇ 2, R 10 C(O)- or -N(RlO) 2 , c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R i2 0-, Rl lS(0) m -, RlOC(0)-or-N(Rl°)2;or any two of R°A R6b R6C ? R6d and R°e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected
  • R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, and b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl or CN.
  • R9 is hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl.
  • Rl° is selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl and benzyl.
  • Al and A 2 are independently .selected from: a bond, -C(0)NRl°-, -N IOC(O)-, O, -N(R 10)-, -S(0)2N(R 10)- and-
  • V is selected from hydrogen, heterocycle and aryl. More preferably, V is phenyl.
  • W is selected from imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyyrohdinyl, thiazolyl and pyridyl. More preferably, W is selected from imidazolyl and pyridyl.
  • n and r are independently 0, 1 , or 2.
  • s is 0.
  • t is 1.
  • any substituent or variable e.g., Rl , R2, R9, n , etc.
  • -N(R 10)2 represents -NHH, -NHCH3, -NHC2H5, etc. It is understood that substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable and that can be synthesized by techniques known in the art, as well as those methods set forth below, from readily available starting materials.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention as formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
  • such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like: and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
  • the salts are prepared either by ion exchange chromatography or by reacting the free base with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt-forming inorganic or organic acid in a suitable solvent or various combinations of solvents.
  • Reactions used to generate the compounds of this invention are prepared by employing reactions as shown in the Schemes 1 -21 , in addition to other standard manipulations such as ester hydrolysis, cleavage of protecting groups, etc., as may be known in the literature or exemplified in the experimental procedures.
  • Schemes 1 -12 illustrate synthesis of the instant aryl- heteroaryl compound which inco ⁇ orate a preferred benzylimidazolyl sidechain.
  • a arylheteroaryl inter ⁇ mediate that is not commercially available may be synthesized by methods known in the art.
  • a suitably substituted phenyl boronic acid I may be reacted under Suzuki coupling conditions (Pure Appl.
  • a suitably substituted halogenated nicotinic acid such as 4-bromonicotinic acid
  • the acid may be reduced and the triflate of the intermediate alcohol HI may be formed in situ and coupled to a suitably substituted benzylimidazolyl IV to provide, after deprotection, the instant compound V.
  • Schemes 2-4 illustrate other methods of synthesizing the key alcohol intermediates, which can then be processed as described in Scheme 1.
  • Scheme 2 illustrates the analogous series of arylheteroaryl alcohol forming reactions starting with the methyl nicotinate boronic acid and the "terminal" phenyl moiety employed in the Suzuki coupling as the halogenated reactant.
  • Such a coupling reaction is also compatible when one of the reactants inco ⁇ orates a suitably protected hydroxyl functionality as illustrated in Scheme 3.
  • Negishi chemistry (Org. Synth., 66:67 (1988)) may also be employed to form the arylheteroaryl component of the instant compounds, as shown in Scheme 4.
  • a suitably substituted zinc bromide adduct may be coupled to a suitably substituted heteroaryl halide in the presence of nickel (II) to provide the arylheteroaryl VII.
  • the heteroaryl halide and the zinc bromide adduct may be selected based on the availability of the starting reagents.
  • Scheme 5 illustrates the preparation of a suitably substituted biphenylmethyl bromide which could also be utilized in the reaction with the protected imidazole as described in Scheme 1.
  • a suitably substituted imidazole may first be alkylated with a suitably substituted benzyl halide to provide intermediate VIII.
  • Scheme 7 illustrates synthesis of an instant compound wherein a non-hydrogen R9b i s inco ⁇ orated in the instant compound.
  • a readily available 4-substituted imidazole IX may be selectively iodinated to provide the 5-iodoimidazole X. That imidazole may then be protected and coupled to a suitably substituted benzyl moiety to provide intermediate XI. Intermediate XI can then undergo the alkylation reactions that were described hereinabove.
  • Scheme 8 illustrates synthesis of instant compounds that inco ⁇ orate a preferred imidazolyl moiety connected to the biaryl via an alkyl amino, sulfonamide or amide linker.
  • the 4-aminoalkyl- imidazole XII wherein the primary amine is protected as the phthali- mide, is selectively alkylated then deprotected to provide the amine XIII.
  • the amine XIII may then react under conditions well known in the art with various activated arylheteroaryl moieties to provide the instant compounds shown.
  • Scheme 10 illustrates an analogous series of reactions wherein the (CR 2 2) ⁇ X(CR 2 2)p linker of the instant compounds is oxygen.
  • a suitably substituted halopyridinol such as 3-chloro- 2-pyridinol
  • methyl N-(cyano)methanimidate is reacted with methyl N-(cyano)methanimidate to provide intermediate XVI.
  • Intermediate XVI is then protected and, if desired to form a compound of a preferred embodiment, alkylated with a suitably protected benzyl.
  • the intermediate XVII can then be coupled to a aryl moiety by Suzuki chemistry to provide the instant compound.
  • Al (CR l2)nA 2 (CRl2)n linker is a substituted methylene may be synthesized by the methods shown in Scheme 1 1.
  • the N-protected imidazolyl iodide XVIII is reacted, under Grignard conditions with a suitably protected benzaldehyde to provide the alcohol XIX.
  • Acylation, followed by the alkylation procedure illustrated in the Schemes above (in particular, Scheme 1 ) provides the instant compound XX. If other R 1 substituents are desired, the acetyl moiety can be manipulated as illustrated in the Scheme.
  • a suitably substituted arylheteroaryl N-lithio reagent is reacted with an aldehyde to provide the C-alkylated instant compound XXI.
  • Compound XXI can be deoxygenated by methods known in the art, such as a catalytic hydrogention, then deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride to give the final compound XXII.
  • the final product XXII may be isolated in the salt form, for example, as a trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride or acetate salt, among others.
  • the product diamine XXII can further be selectively protected to obtain XXIII, which can subsequently be reductively alkylated with a second aldehyde to obtain XXIV.
  • Removal of the protecting group, and conversion to cyclized products such as the dihydroimidazole XXV can be accomplished by literature procedures. If the arylheteroaryl subunit reagent is reacted with an aldehyde which also has a protected hydroxyl group, such as XXVI in Scheme 14, the protecting groups can be subsequently removed to unmask the hydroxyl group (Schemes 14, 15).
  • the alcohol can be oxidized under standard conditions to e.g.
  • the Boc protected amino alcohol XXVIII can also be utilized to synthesize 2-aziridinylmethylarylheteroaryl such as XXXIII (Scheme 16). Treating XXVIII with 1 , l '-sulfonyldiimidazole and sodium hydride in a solvent such as dimethylformamide led to the formation of aziridine XXXIII . The aziridine is reacted with a nucleophile, such as a thiol, in the presence of base to yield the ring- opened product XXXIV .
  • a nucleophile such as a thiol
  • arylheteroaryl subunit reagent can be reacted with aldehydes derived from amino acids such as O-alkylated tyrosines, according to standard procedures, to obtain compounds such as XL, as shown in Scheme 17.
  • R' is an aryl group
  • XL can first be hydrogenated to unmask the phenol, and the amine group deprotected with acid to produce XLI.
  • the amine protecting group in XL can be removed, and O-alkylated phenolic amines such as XLII produced.
  • the instant compounds are useful as pharmaceutical agents for mammals, especially for humans. These compounds may be administered to patients for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • Examples of the type of cancer which may be treated with the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, myeloid leukemias and neurological tumors. Such tumors may arise by mutations in the ras genes themselves, mutations in the proteins that can regulate Ras activity (i.e., neurofibromin (NF- 1 ), neu, scr, abl , lck, fyn) or by other mechanisms.
  • the compounds of the instant invention inhibit famesyl- protein transferase and the famesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.
  • the instant compounds may also inhibit tumor angiogenesis, thereby affecting the growth of tumors (J. Rak et al. Cancer Research, 55:4575-4580 (1995)). Such anti -angiogenesis properties of the instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment of certain forms of blindness related to retinal vascularization.
  • the compounds of this invention are also useful for inhibiting other proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein Ras proteins are aberrantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in other genes (i.e., the Ras gene itself is not activated by mutation to an oncogenic form) with said inhibition being accomplished by the administration of an effective amount of the compounds of the invention to a mammal in need of such treatment.
  • a component of NF- 1 is a benign proliferative disorder.
  • the instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment of certain viral infections, in particular in the treatment of hepatitis delta and related viruses (J.S. Glenn et al. Science, 256: 1331 - 1333 (1992).
  • the compounds of the instant invention are also useful in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by inhibiting neointimal formation (C. Indolfi et al. Nature medicine, 1 :541 -545(1995).
  • the instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment and prevention of polycystic kidney disease (D.L. Schafmer et al. American Journal of Pathology, 142: 1051-1060 (1993) and B. Cowley, Jr. et ⁇ LFASEB Journal, 2:A3160 (1988)).
  • the instant compounds may also be useful for the treatment of fungal infections.
  • the compounds of this invention may be administered to mammals, preferably humans, either alone or, preferably, in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, optionally with known adjuvants, such as alum, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • the compounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration.
  • the selected compound may be administered, for example, in the form of tablets or capsules, or as an aqueous solution or suspension.
  • carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch, and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are commonly added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried co starch.
  • aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring agents may be added.
  • sterile solutions of the active ingredient are usually prepared, and the pH of the solutions should be suitably adjusted and buffered.
  • the total concentration of solutes should be controlled in order to render the preparation isotonic.
  • the compounds of the instant invention may also be co-administered with other well known therapeutic agents that are selected for their particular usefulness against the condition that is being treated.
  • the instant compounds may be useful in combination with known anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents.
  • the instant compounds may be useful in combination with agents that are effective in the treatment and prevention of NF-1 , restinosis, polycystic kidney disease, infections of hepatitis delta and related viruses and fungal infections.
  • compositions of this invention include aqueous solutions comprising compounds of this invention and pharmacolo- gically acceptable carriers, e.g., saline, at a pH level, e.g., 7.4. The solutions may be introduced into a patient's blood-stream by local bolus injection.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specific amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specific ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • the daily dosage will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms.
  • a suitable amount of compound is administered to a mammal undergoing treatment for cancer.
  • Administration occurs in an amount between about 0.1 mg/kg of body weight to about 60 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably of between 0.5 mg/kg of body weight to about 40 mg/kg of body weight per day.
  • the compounds of the instant invention are also useful as a component in an assay to rapidly determine the presence and quantity of famesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) in a composition.
  • FPTase famesyl-protein transferase
  • the composition to be tested may be divided and the two portions contacted with mixtures which comprise a known substrate of FPTase (for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus) and famesyl pyrophosphate and, in one of the mixtures, a compound of the instant invention.
  • the chemical content of the assay mixtures may be determined by well known immunological, radiochemical or chromatographic techniques. Because the compounds of the instant invention are selective inhibitors of FPTase, absence or quantitative reduction of the amount of substrate in the assay mixture without the compound of the instant invention relative to the presence of the unchanged substrate in the assay containing the instant compound is indicative of the presence of FPTase in the composition to be tested.
  • potent inhibitor compounds of the instant invention may be used in an active site titration assay to determine the quantity of enzyme in the sample.
  • a series of samples composed of aliquots of a tissue extract containing an unknown amount of famesyl- protein transferase, an excess amount of a known substrate of FPTase (for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus) and famesyl pyrophosphate are incubated for an appropriate period of time in the presence of varying concentrations of a compound of the instant invention.
  • concentration of a sufficiently potent inhibitor i.e., one that has a Ki substantially smaller than the concentration of enzyme in the assay vessel
  • concentration of a sufficiently potent inhibitor i.e., one that has a Ki substantially smaller than the concentration of enzyme in the assay vessel
  • Step A l -Trityl-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)-imidazole
  • Step D 2-Phenyl-5-hvdroxymethylpyridine To a solution of 2-phenyl-5-carboxypyridine (520 mg,
  • Step E 1 -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyI) imidazole hydrochloride salt
  • Step B 3-Phenyl-6-hvdroxymethylpyridine
  • tetrahydrofuran 25 mL
  • 1.0 M lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran 10.0 mL, 10.0 mmol
  • the reaction was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 6 hours, cooled to 0°C, and quenched by dropwise addition of water (0.50 mL), 4 N aq. NaOH (0.50 mL), and water (1.5 mL).
  • the reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo.
  • Step C l -(3-Phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl) imidazole hydrochloride salt
  • Step B 2-(3-Trifluoromethoxyphenv ⁇ -5-carboxy pyridine
  • Step C 2-(3-TrifluoromethoxyphenvO-5- hvdroxymethylpyridine
  • Step D 1 -(2-(3-Trif luoromethoxyphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-
  • Step A 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylpyridine To a solution of 2 bromo-5-methyl pyridine
  • Step C 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-hydroxymethylpyridine To a solution of 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-
  • Step D l -(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyI)-
  • Step A 3-Phenyl-6-methylpyridine N-oxide
  • a solution of 3 -phenyl -6-me thy 1 pyridine (2.36g, 13.95 mmol), in CH2CI2 (40 mL) at 0°C was treated with MCPBA (3.58g, 13.95 mmol) for 1 hour.
  • Saturated aq. Na 2 C ⁇ 3 (50 mL) was added and the reaction was extracted with CH2CI2 (20 mL).
  • the organic extracts were dried (MgS04), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
  • i H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz) ⁇ 8.53(1H, s), 7.60-7.20(7H, m) and 2.57(3H, s) ppm.
  • Step B 3-Phenyl-2-chloro-6-methylpyridine and 3-phenyI-4- chloro-6-methylpyridine
  • Step D 1 -(3-Phenyl-2-chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyDimidazole hydrochloride salt
  • Step A 2-Amino-3-Phenyl-6-methylpyridine A solution of 3-phenyl-6-methyl pyridine
  • Step B N-bis t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-Amino-3-Phenyl-6- methylpyridine
  • Step C 2-(bis t-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-phenyl-6- methylpyridine-N-oxide A solution of N-bis t-butoxycarbonyI-2-amino-3-phenyl-
  • 6-methylpyridine (0.215g, 0.56 mmol), in CH2CI2 (4 mL) at 0°C was treated with MCPBA (0.220g , 0.727 mmol) for 1 hour.
  • Saturated aq. Na 2 C ⁇ 3 (50 mL) was added and the reaction was extracted with CH2CI2 (2X50 mL).
  • the organic extracts were dried (MgS ⁇ 4), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, eluting with 100% EtOAc to afford the title compound.
  • Step D N-bis t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-3-phenyl-6- acetoxymethylpyridine
  • Step E N-bis t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-3 -phenyl -6- hydroxymethylpyridine
  • Step F 1 -(2-Amino-3-pheny lpyrid-6-y lmethyl)-5-(4- cvanobenzvPimidazole hydrochloride salt
  • the title compound was prepared using the procedure described for Example 3 step C using N-bis t-butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-3-phenyl- 6-hydroxymethylpyridine in place of 3-phenyl-6-hydroxymethyl- pyridine.
  • the free base was treated with TFA and triethylsilane to effect cleavage of the t-butoxycarbonyl groups which was followed by its conversion to the hydrochloride salt.
  • Bovine FPTase was assayed in a volume of 100 ⁇ l containing 100 mM N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) piperazine-7v"-(2-ethane sulfonic acid) (HEPES), pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 100 mM ⁇ HJ-farnesyl diphosphate ([3H]-FPP; 740 CBq/mmol, New England Nuclear), 650 nM Ras-CVLS and 10 ⁇ g/ml FPTase at 31 °C for 60 min. Reactions were initiated with FPTase and stopped with 1 ml of 1.0 M HCL in ethanol.
  • Precipitates were collected onto filter-mats using a TomTec Mach II cell harvestor, washed with 100% ethanol, dried and counted in an LKB ⁇ -plate counter.
  • the assay was linear with respect to both substrates, FPTase levels and time; less than 10% of the [3H]-FPP was utilized during the reaction period.
  • Purified compounds were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were diluted 20-fold into the assay. Percentage inhibition is measured by the amount of incorporation of radioactivity in the presence of the test compound when compared to the amount of incorporation in the absence of the test compound.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • Human FPTase was prepared as described by Omer et al.. Biochemistry 32:5167-5176 (1993). Human FPTase activity was assayed as described above with the exception that 0.1 % (w/v) polyethylene glycol 20,000, 10 ⁇ M ZnCl 2 and 100 ⁇ M Ras-CVIM were added to the reaction mixture. Reactions were performed for 30 min., stopped with 100 ⁇ l of 30% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in ethanol and processed as described above for the bovine enzyme.
  • TCA trichloroacetic acid
  • the cell line used in this assay is a v-ras line derived from either Ratl or NIH3T3 cells, which expressed viral Ha-ras p21.
  • the assay is performed essentially as described in DeClue, J.E. et a]., Cancer Research 51 :712-717. (1991 ). Cells in 10 cm dishes at 50-75% confluency are treated with the test compound (final concentration of solvent, methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide, is 0.1 %).
  • the cells After 4 hours at 37°C, the cells are labelled in 3 ml methionine-free DMEM supple- meted with 10% regular DMEM, 2% fetal bovine serum and 400 mCi[35sjmethionine (1000 Ci/mmol). After an additional 20 hours, the cells are lysed in 1 ml lysis buffer (1 % NP40/20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl2/l M DTT/10 mg/ml aprotinen/2 mg/ml leupeptin/2 mg/ml antipain/0.5 mM PMSF) and the lysates cleared by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 45 min.
  • 1 ml lysis buffer (1 % NP40/20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl2/l M DTT/10 mg/ml aprotinen/2 mg/ml leupeptin/2 mg/ml antipain/0.5 mM PMSF
  • the immunoprecipitates are washed four times with IP buffer (20 nM HEPES, pH 7.5/1 mM EDTA/1 % Triton X- 100.0.5% deoxycholate/0.1 %/SDS/0.1 M NaCl) boiled in SDS-PAGE sample buffer and loaded on 13% acrylamide gels. When the dye front reached the bottom, the gel is fixed, soaked in Enlightening, dried and autoradiographed. The intensities of the bands corresponding to famesylated and nonfarnesylated ras proteins are compared to determine the percent inhibition of famesyl transfer to protein.
  • IP buffer (20 nM HEPES, pH 7.5/1 mM EDTA/1 % Triton X- 100.0.5% deoxycholate/0.1 %/SDS/0.1 M NaCl
  • Rat 1 cells transformed with either v-ras, v-raf, or v-mos are seeded at a density of 1 x 10 4 cells per plate (35 mm in diameter) in a 0.3% top agarose layer in medium A (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum) over a bottom agarose layer (0.6%). Both layers contain 0.1 % methanol or an appropriate concentration of the instant compound (dissolved in methanol at 1000 times the final concentration used in the assay).
  • the cells are fed twice weekly with 0.5 ml of medium A containing 0.1 % methanol or the concentration of the instant compound. Photo ⁇ micrographs are taken 16 days after the cultures are seeded and comparisons are made.

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Abstract

The present invention is directed to compounds which inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention and methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
LNHLBITORS OF FARNESYL-PROTEIN TRANSFERASE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The Ras proteins (Ha-Ras, Ki4a-Ras, Ki4b-Ras and N-Ras) are part of a signalling pathway that links cell surface growth factor receptors to nuclear signals initiating cellular proliferation. Biological and biochemical studies of Ras action indicate that Ras functions like a G-regulatory protein. In the inactive state, Ras is bound to GDP. Upon growth factor receptor activation Ras is induced to exchange GDP for GTP and undergoes a conformational change. The GTP-bound form of Ras propagates the growth stimulatory signal until the signal is terminated by the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras, which returns the protein to its inactive GDP bound form (D.R. Lowy and D.M. Willumsen, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 62:851-891 (1993)). Mutated ras genes (Ha-ras, Ki4a-r<zs, Ki4b-r ^ and N-ras) are found in many human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, and myeloid leukemias. The protein products of these genes are defective in their GTPase activity and constitutively transmit a growth stimulatory signal.
Ras must be localized to the plasma membrane for both normal and oncogenic functions. At least 3 post-translational modifications are involved with Ras membrane localization, and all 3 modifications occur at the C-terminus of Ras. The Ras C-terminus contains a sequence motif termed a "CAAX" or "Cys-Aaa1 -Aaa2-Xaa" box (Cys is cysteine, Aaa is an aliphatic amino acid, the Xaa is any amino acid) (Willumsen et ai. Nature 5/0:583-586 (1984)). Depend¬ ing on the specific sequence, this motif serves as a signal sequence for the enzymes famesyl-protein transferase or geranylgeranyl-protein transferase, which catalyze the alkylation of the cysteine residue of the CAAX motif with a C15 or C20 isoprenoid, respectively. (S. Clarke., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 67 :355-386 (1992); W.R. Schafer and J. Rine, Ann. Rev. Genetics 50:209-237 (1992)). The Ras protein is one of several proteins that are known to undergo post-translational famesyl- ation. Other famesylated proteins include the Ras-related GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, fungal mating factors, the nuclear lamins, and the gamma subunit of transducin. James, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14182 (1994) have identified a peroxisome associated protein Pxf which is also famesylated. James, et al., have also suggested that there are famesyl¬ ated proteins of unknown structure and function in addition to those listed above.
Inhibition of famesyl-protein transferase has been shown to block the growth of Ras-transformed cells in soft agar and to modify other aspects of their transformed phenotype. It has also been demonstrated that certain inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase selectively block the processing of the Ras oncoprotein intracellularly (N.E. Kohl et ai, Science, 260: 1934- 1937 (1993) and G.L. James et al., Science, 260: 1937-1942 (1993). Recently, it has been shown that an inhibitor of famesyl-protein transferase blocks the growth of ras-dependent tumors in nude mice (N.E. Kohl et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A., 97 :9141-9145 (1994) and induces regression of mammary and salivary carcinomas in ras transgenic mice (N.E. Kohl et al, Nature Medicine, 1 :792-797 ( 1995). Indirect inhibition of famesyl-protein transferase in vivo has been demonstrated with lovastatin (Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ) and compactin (Hancock et al., ibid; Casey et al., ibid; Schafer et al., Science 245:379 (1989)). These drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate limiting enzyme for the production of polyisoprenoids including famesyl pyrophosphate. Famesyl-protein transferase utilizes famesyl pyrophosphate to covalently modify the Cys thiol group of the Ras CAAX box with a famesyl group (Reiss et al., Cell, 62:81 -88 ( 1990); Schaber et al, J. Biol Chem., 265: 14701-14704 (1990); Schafer et al, Science, 249: 1 133-1 139 (1990); Marine et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 57:7541 -7545 (1990)). Inhibition of famesyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase blocks Ras membrane localization in cultured cells. However, direct inhibition of famesyl- protein transferase would be more specific and attended by fewer side effects than would occur with the required dose of a general inhibitor of isoprene biosynthesis.
Inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) have been described in four general classes (S. Graham, Expert Opinion Ther. Patents, (1995) 5:1269-1285). The first are analogs of famesyl diphosphate (FPP), while a second class of inhibitors is related to the protein substrates (e.g., Ras) for the enzyme. Bisubstrate inhibitors and inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase that are non-competitive with the substrates have also been described. The peptide derived inhibitors that have been described are generally cysteine containing molecules that are related to the CAAX motif that is the signal for protein prenylation. (Schaber et al, ibid; Reiss et. al, ibid; Reiss et al, PNAS, 55:732-736 (1991)). Such inhibitors may inhibit protein prenylation while serving as altemate substrates for the famesyl-protein transferase enzyme, or may be purely competitive inhibitors (U.S. Patent 5,141 ,851 , University of Texas; N.E. Kohl et al, Science, 260: 1934-1937 (1993); Graham, et al., J. Med. Chem., 37, 725 (1994)). In general, deletion of the thiol from a CAAX derivative has been shown to dramatically reduce the inhibitory potency of the compound. However, the thiol group potentially places limitations on the therapeutic application of FPTase inhibitors with respect to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity. Therefore, a functional replacement for the thiol is desirable. It has recently been disclosed that certain tricyclic compounds which optionally incorporate a piperidine moiety are inhibitors of FPTase (WO 95/10514, WO 95/10515 and WO 95/10516). Imidazole-containing inhibitors of famesyl protein transferase have also been disclosed (WO 95/09001 and EP 0 675 112 Al).
It has recently been reported that famesyl-protein transferase inhibitors are inhibitors of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and are therefore useful in the prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis and diabetic disturbance of blood vessels (JP H7-I I2930).
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to develop low molecular weight compounds that will inhibit famesyl-protein transferase and thus, the post-translational famesylation of proteins. It is a further object of this invention to develop chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention and methods for producing the compounds of this invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises arylheteroaryl- containing compounds which inhibit the famesyl-protein transferase. Further contained in this invention are chemotherapeutic compositions containing these famesyl transferase inhibitors and methods for their production.
The compounds of this invention are illustrated by the formula A:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The compounds of this invention are useful in the inhibition of famesyl-protein transferase and the famesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. In a first embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula A:
wherein:
from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f s are independently CH;
Rl and R2 are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, RlOO-, Rl IS(0)m-, R!0CO)NRI0-,
Rl !C(0)0-, (RlO)2NC(0)-, R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, Nθ2, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2,orRllOC(0)NRlO-, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C[-Cβ alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocyclic,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, RlOO-, Rl lS(0)m-, R! C(O)NR1 -, (Rl )2NC(0)-, Rlθ2N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and RllθC(O)-NRl0-;
R3, R4 and R^ are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C l -C perfluoroalkyl, R 12Q., RnS(0)m-, R10C(O)NRl0-, (R10)2NC(0)-, RHC(0)0-, R102N-C(NR10)-, CN, Nθ2, R,0C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl )2, orRllOC(O)NRl0., c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 12o-, R 11 S(0)m-, R ] °C(0)NR 10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, Rl c(O)-, N3, -N(Rl )2, and
RllθC(O)-NRl0-;
R6a? 6b? R6C? R6d and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl2θ-, R1 ^(Ojm-, Rl0C(O)NRl0_, (R10)2NC(O)-, Rl lC(0)0-, R102N-C(NR10)-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRHθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C 1 -C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R120-, RllS(O)m-,Rl0C(O)NRl0-,(Rl0)2NC(O)-, R102N-C(NR10)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and RllOC(O)-NRl0_;or
any two of R^a, R6b? R6C? R6d and R^e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R , R5, R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d or R6e is unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R^, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d or R6e t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl,
C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, RlOo-, RllS(0)m-, R1°C(0)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRl )-, CN, Nθ2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl )2, or RllOC(O)NRl0.,and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, cyanophenyl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, RlOo-, Rl lS(0)m-, Rl0C(O)NH-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)., CN, RlOc(O)-, N3, -N(Rl )2, or Rl0θC(O)NH-; provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) alkenyl, alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br,
Rl lθ-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR*0-, (Rl0) NC(O)-, R102N-C(NR10)-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRHθC(O)NRl0-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl,
F, Cl, Br, RlOo-, RllS(0)m-, R,0C(O)NRl0_, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, RlOc(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2,orR1lθC(0)NRlO-;
RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl and aryl;
Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C alkyl, C1-C6 aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -CΞC-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NRl0-, -NRIOC(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, -S(O)2N(Rl0)-, -N(Rl0)S(O)2-, or S(0)m;
V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle, c) aryl, d) C1-C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, provided that V is not hydrogen if A* is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R8 and to A 1 is through a substitutable ring carbon;
W is a heterocycle;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, O, -C(=0)-, -C(0)NR?-, -NR7C(0)-, -C(0)0-, -OC(O)-, -C(0)NR7C(0)-, -NR7-, -S(O)2N(R*0)-,
-N(R lO)S(0)2- or -S(=0)m-;
m is 0, 1 or 2; n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; p is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; q is 0, 1 , 2 or 3; r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; and t is O or l ;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
A preferred embodiment of the compounds of this invention is illustrated by the following formula A:
wherein:
from 1-2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
Rl is independently selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOo-, -N(R10)2, F or Cj-Cό alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N^O^ F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C l -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, RlOO- and -N(RlO)2;
R3, R4 and R^ are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl2θ-, RllS(0)m-, R,0C(O)NRl0-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, Nθ2, Rl°C(0)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRllOC^NRiO-, c) unsubstituted C 1 -C6 alkyl; d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
Rl20-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(O)NRl0-, (RlO)2NC(0)-, Rl0 N-C(NR10)-, CN, RlOc(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; R6a? R6b5 R6C? Rod and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
R 120-, R 1 1 S(0)m-, R 10c(O)NR 1 ., (R 10)2NC(O)-, R 10 N-C(NR10)., CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl )2) or RHθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C l -C alkyl; d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl20-, R l l S(0)m-, R lOC(0)NRl -, (R lO)2NC(0)-, R !02N-C(NR 10)-, CN, R 1 °C(0)-, N3 , -N(R 10)2, and R 1 1 OC(0)-NR 10-; or
any two of R° R6b5 6C? R6d and R6e 0n adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-;
provided that when R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6C, Rod or R6e js unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6C? R6d or R6e t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R7 is selected from: H; Cl -4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) C] -4 alkoxy, b) aryl or heterocycle, c) halogen, d) HO, 11 e)
O
f) -S02R11 g) N(RlO)2or h) Cl-4 perfluoroalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, Cl -C alkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, RlOo-, Rl0C(O)NRl0-, CN, N02, (RlO)2N-C(NRlO)-, Rl C(O)-, -N(Rl0)2,orRllOC(O)NRl0-, and c) C 1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C 1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, RlOo-, Rl0C(O)NRl0-, (RlO)2N-C(NRlO)-, RlOC(O)-, -N(RlO)2, orRllOC(O)NRl0-; provided that when R^ is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Rl lO-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR1 -, (RlO)2NC(0)-,
CN, NO2, (RlO)2N-C(NRlO)-, Rlθc(θ)-, -N(Rl )2, or RllθC(O)NRl0-,and c) C 1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Rl O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C O)NR10- (R 10)2NC(O)-, CN, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 10c(O)-,
-N(R 10)2, or R 11 OC(0)NR 10_;
RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from Cj-C6 alkyl and aryl; Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C{ -C6 aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyI;
A 1 and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -CHC-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NRl0-, O, -N(R l O)-, or S(0)m;
V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl, d) C1 -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and provided that V is not hydrogen if A^ is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if Al is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R^ and to Al is through a substitutable ring carbon;
W is a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, triazolyl or isoquinolinyl;
X is a bond, O, -C(=0)-, -CH=CH-, -C(0)NR7-, -NR C(0)-, -NR7-, -S(0)2N(RlO)_, -N(Rl0)S(O)2- or -S(=0)m-;
m is 0, 1 or 2; n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; p is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; q is 0, 1 , 2 or 3; r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; and t is 0 or 1 ;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
A preferred embodiment of the compounds of this invention are illustrated by the formula B:
wherein:
from 1-2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R l°0-, -N(R 1 °)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(R l O)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R lOO- and -N(RlO) ;
R3 and R are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, 15-
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl2θ-, RllS(O)m-,Rl0C(O)NRl0-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, R!02N-C(NR10)-,CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRHθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted Cl -C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl 0-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10_, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl°2N-C(NRl )-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10.;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3- 0 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl,
R 1 0-, R 11 S(0)m-, R 10c(O)NR 10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, R102N-C(NR10)., CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRHOC^NRlO-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C]-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl 0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, Rl°C(0)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and
RllθC(0)-NRlO-; θr any two of R°\ R6b? R6C? R6d and Roe on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3s
provided that when R3, R4, R6a? R6b, R6C? R6d or R6e js unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R^, R4, R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d or R6e t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, Cl -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, RlOo-, R l0c(O)NR l0-, CN, Nθ2, (R 10)2N-C(NR l0)-,
R lOc(O)-, -N(R l )2, or R HOC(O)NR 10-, and c) C 1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C l -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 10O-, R 10C(O)NR 10_, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R lOc(O)-, -N(R lO)2, or R l 10C(0)NR10-; provided that when R^ is heterocycle, attachment of R$ to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9a and R^b are independently hydrogen, Cl -C6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen;
RlO i independently selected from hydrogen, Cl -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
R l 1 is independently selected from Cl -C6 alkyl and aryl;
Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, Cl -C6 alkyl, Cl -C6 aralkyl, Cl-C6 substituted aralkyl, Cl -C6 heteroaralkyl, Cl-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
A 1 and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NRl0-, O, -N(Rl O)-, or S(0)m;
V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl, d) Cl -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and provided that V is not hydrogen if Al is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R# and to A l is through a substitutable ring carbon;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR l0_, -NR I OC(O)-, -NR I O-, O or -C(=0)-;
m is 0, 1 or 2; n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of this invention are illustrated by the formula C: wherein:
from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C]0 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(RlO)2, F or C1 -C alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, R 1 OO-, -N(R 1 °)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted Cj -C alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, lOO- and -N(R lO)2;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 12O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 1°C(0)NR 10-, CN(RlO)2NC(0)-, R l02N-C(NRl )-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, or Rl lθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl, d) substituted Cl-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl20-, RHS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-,
R!θ2N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and R1 OC(O)-NR10-;
R6a? R6b, R6C? R6d and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-, R !S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR1°-, CN(Rl°)2NC(0)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl )2, orRHθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl 0-, RllS(O)m-,Rl0c(O)NRl0-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and RHoC(O)-NRl0-;or
any two of RΛ R6b5 6C ? od and R6e 0n adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-;
provided that when R3, R4, R6a? R6b, R6C? R6d or R6e js unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R , R4, R6a, R6b? R6C? R6d or Oe t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon; R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl,
RlOo-, Rl0c(O)NRl0-, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C(NRlO)-, RlOC(O)-, -N(RlO)2, or R110C(0)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl substituted by C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl°0-, R10C(O)NR10., (R!0)2N-C(NR10)-, RlOc(O)-, -N(RlO)2, or Rl JOC(O)NRl0-; provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R^ to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9 and R^b are independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen;
RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl and aryl;
Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl,
2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NRl0-, O, -N(RlO)-, or S(0)m;
V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl, d) C1-C2O alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C2O alkenyl, and provided that V is not hydrogen if Al is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(0)m; provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R# and to Al is through a substitutable ring carbon;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR !0-, -NR 10C(O)-, -NR IO-, O or
-C(=0)-;
m is 0, 1 or 2; n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4, provided that p is not 0 if X is a bond or O; and r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula D:
wherein: from 1-2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
Rl is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C1-C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RΪOO-, -N(Rl°)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, RlOO-, or -N(RlO)2;
R is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, CJ-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-, RllS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-,
R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, N02, Rl°C(0)-, N3, -N(RlO) , orRllOC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C ] -C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R120-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl0 N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and RHOC(O)-NR10-;
R4 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl and CF3;
R6a, R6b, R6C? R6d ancι R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-, Rl l S(0)m-, R 0C(O)NR10_> (Rl0)2NC(O)-,
Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl0)2, or Rl lθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted Cl -Cό alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl20-, Rl l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR10-, (RlO)2NC(0)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2, and RHθC(O)-NRl0-; or
any two of R^a, R6b? R6C R6d and R^e 0n adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-;
provided that when R3, R6a, R6b, R6C? R6d or R6e js unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R , R6a, R6b? 6C? Rod or R6e t0 t e 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl,
RlOO-, Rl0c(O)NR l0-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR lO)_, R lOC(O)-, -N(RlO)2, or RHOC(O)NR 10-, and c) C l -C6 alkyl substituted by Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 10O-, Rl0c(O)NRl0-, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, RlOc(O)-, -N(R 10)2, or R 11 OC(0)NR 10-; provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R& to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9a and R^b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl;
RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl and aryl;
Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C aralkyl, C1-C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C heteroaralkyl,
C1-C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
Al is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(0)m;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NRl0-, -NR10C(O)-, -NRlO-, O or -C(=0)-,
n is 0 or 1 ; provided that n is not 0 if Al is a bond, O,
-N(Rl0)-orS(O)m; m is 0, 1 or 2; and pis 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In another more preferred embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula E: wherein:
from 1-2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
Rl is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(RlO)2, F or C1-C alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, -N(R10) , F orC2-C6 alkenyl, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, Rl O-, or
-N(RlO)2;
R3 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-, Rl lS(0)m-, R1°C(0)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-,CN, N02, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRllOC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted Cl -C alkyl, d) substituted C1-C alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl 0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-,
R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-;
R is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl and CF3;
R6a, R6b, R6C ; R6d and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl,
Rl20-, RllS(0)m-, Rl0c(O)NR10-, (RlO) NC(0)-, R!02N-C(NR10)-, CN, N02, Rl°C(0)-, N3,-N(Rl )2, orRHθC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 120-, R 11 S(0)m-, R 10c(O)NR 10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-;CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and
RllθC(O)-NRl0-;or
any two of R°\ R6b( R6C ? R6d and Roe on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3
provided that when R , R6a? R6b? R6C, R6d or R6e is unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R , R6 , R6b5 R6C5 R6d or Rθe t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, Cl -C alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, RlOO-, RlOC(0)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R lOC(O)-, -N(RlO)2, or RHθC(O)NRl0-, and c) C] -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, RlOo-,
Rl0C(O)NRl0-5 (R 10)2N-C(NR10)., R IOC(O)-, -N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR 10-; provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R^a and R^b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl;
RlO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from C1 -C alkyl and aryl;
Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1-C6 heteroaralkyl, CI -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifIuoroethyl;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NRl0-, -NRIOC(O)-, -NRIO-, O or -C(=0)-;
n is 0 or 1 ; m is 0, 1 or 2; and p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4, provided that p is not 0 if X is a bond or O; or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In a further embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula F:
wherein:
from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining fs are independently CH;
R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C 1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R lOO-, -N(Rl O)2 or
F, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, RlOO-, or -N(R lO)2;
R is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 120-, R 1 1 S(0)m-, R 10c(O)NR 10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-,
Rl02N-C(NR lO)-, CN, N02, R 10C(O)-, N3, -N(R l0)2, or R l lOC(O)NR l0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
Rl 0-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(0)NR10-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl0 N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-;
R4 is selected from H, halogen, CH3 and CF3;
R6 , R6b, R6C^ R6d and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-, Rl lS(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NRl0-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, orRHθC(O)NRl0., c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted Cl -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl20-, RllS(0)m-, RlOC(0)NRlO-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-,
Rl02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and RllOC(O)-NRl0-;or
any two of R°\ R6b^ 6C ? R6d and R^e 0n adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-,
-CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-;
provided that when R3, R6at 6b, R6C? R6d or R6e js unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R , R6a, R6b5 R6C, R6d or Roe t0 the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R^a and R^b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl;
RIO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R l 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR l0-, -NR IOC(O)-, -NR I O-, O or -C(=0)-;
m is 0, 1 or 2; and p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In a further embodiment of this invention, the inhibitors of famesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula G:
wherein:
from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f s are independently CH;
R l is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R l°0-, -N(R1°)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle or C3-C10 cycloalkyl, c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R l°0-, or -N(RlO)2;
R3 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 a lkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
R l 2θ-, Rl l S(0)m-, R !0C(O)NR10-, (RlO)2NC(0)-, R l02N-C(NRlO)-, CN, N02, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2, OΓ RH OC(O)NR10-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(0)NR10_, (R 10)2N (O)-, R l02N-C(NRl )-, CN, Rl c(θ)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and
R1 1OC(O)-NR10-;
R4 is selected from H, halogen, CH3 and CF3; R6a? R6b, R6C5 R6d and R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
Rl2θ-, Rl l S(O)m-, R l0C(O)NRl0-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, R l02N-C(NR lO)-, CN, N02, Rl°C(0)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NRl0-, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl20-, R l l S(0)m-, Rl0c(O)NR l0-, (Rl0)2NC(O)-, R !0 N-C(NR 10)-, CN, R lOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and R l 1 OC(O)-NR ! 0-; or
any two of R°\ R^b, R6C? Rod and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-;
provided that when R3, R a, R6b, R6C, R6d or Roe is unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R6a, R6b, R6C? R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R9 and R^b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl;
R lO is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl; Rl2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C] -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifIuoroethyl;
A l is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(RlO)-, or S(0)m;
m is 0, 1 or 2; and n is O or l;
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Preferred compounds of the invention are:
l -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyI)imidazole
l -(2-Phenyl-N-Oxopyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
1 -(3-Phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
l -(3-Phenyl-N-Oxopyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
l-(2-(3-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyl)imidazole
l -(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyl)imidazole
l -(3-Phenyl-2-Chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazoIe l -(3-Phenyl-4-chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole and
l -(2-Amino-3-phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Specific examples of the compounds of the instant invention are:
l -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
l -(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyI)imidazole
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual diastereomers, with all possible isomers, including optical isomers, being included in the present invention. When any variable (e.g. aryl, heterocycle, Rl , R2 etc.) occurs more than one time in any constituent, its definition on each occurence is independent at every other occurence. Also, combinations of substituents/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
As used herein, "alkyl" and the alkyl portion of aralkyl and similar terms, is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms; "alkoxy" represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
As used herein, "cycloalkyl" is intended to include non- aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like. "Alkenyl" groups include those groups having the specified number of carbon atoms and having one or several double bonds. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, 1 -propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, isoprenyl, famesyl, geranyl, geranylgeranyl and the like.
"Alkynyl" groups include those groups having the specified number of carbon atoms and having one triple bonds. Examples of alkynyl groups include acetylene, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl and the like. "Halogen" or "halo" as used herein means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
As used herein, "aryl," and the aryl portion of aroyl and aralkyl, is intended to mean any stable monocyclic or bicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic. Examples of such aryl elements include phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl or acenaphthyl.
The term heterocycle or heterocyclic, as used herein, represents a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or stable 8- to 1 1 -membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring. The heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure. Examples of such heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone, furyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindohnyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyI, oxazolyl, 2- oxopyrrolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiamoφholinyl, thiamoφholinyl sulfoxide, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, thienofuryl, thienothienyl, and thienyl.
As used herein, "heteroaryl" is intended to mean any stable monocyclic or bicyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic and wherein from one to four carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S. Examples of such heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone, furyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindohnyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thienofuryl, thienothienyl, and thienyl.
As used herein in the definition of R , R4? R5 and R6a-e? the term "the substituted group" is intended to mean a substituted Cl-8 alkyl, substituted C2-8 alkenyl, substituted C2-8 alkynyl, substituted aryl or substituted heterocycle from which the substituent(s) R3, R4, R5 ano" R6a-e are selected.
As used herein in the definition of R7, the substituted Cl -8 alkyl, substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, substituted aroyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaroyl, substituted arylsulfonyl, substituted heteroaryl¬ sulfonyl and substituted heterocycle include moieties containing from 1 to 3 substituents in addition to the point of attachment to the rest of the compound.
As used herein, when no specific substituents are set forth, the terms "substituted aryl", "substituted heterocycle" and "substituted cycloalkyl" are intended to include the cyclic group which is substituted on a substitutable ring carbon atom with 1 or 2 substitutents selected from the group which includes but is not limited to F, Cl, Br, CF3, NH2, N(Cl -C6 alkyl)2, N02, CN, (Q -C6 alkyl)0-, -OH, (C1 -C6 alkyl)S(0)m-, (Cl -C6 alkyl)C(0)NH-, H2N-C(NH)-, (C ] -C6 alkyl)C(O)-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)OC(O)-, N3,(Cl -C6 alkyl)OC(0)NH-, phenyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, furyl, isothiazolyl and C1 -C20 alkyl.
Lines drawn into the ring systems from substituents (such as from R3, R4? Q etc.) means that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
The substituent illustrated by the structure
is a simplified representation of a phenyl ring having five (5) substituents (hydrogens and/or non-hydrogens) and may also be represented by the structure
The moiety described as
where any two of R°\ R6b? R6C R6d and R^ on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH, -CH=CH-CH-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)4- includes the following structures:
It is understood that such fused ring moieties may be further substituted by the remaining R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d and/or Roe as defined hereinabove.
The moiety designated by the following structure
represents an aromatic 6-membered heterocyclic ring and includes the following ring systems:
The moiety designated by the following structure
represents an aromatic 6-membered heterocyclic ring and includes the following ring systems:
wherein it is understood that one of the ring carbon atoms is substituted with
Preferably, the aromatic 6-membered heterocyclic ring is a pyridyl ring.
Preferably, Rl and R2 are independently selected from: hydrogen, RHC(0)0-, -N(RlO)2, R10C(O)NR10-, RlOo- or unsubstituted or substituted Cl-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted Cl-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, -N(Rl )2, Rl O- and R!0C(O)NR10-.
Preferably, R3 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C3-C10 cycloalkyl, halogen, Cl-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-,
CN, Nθ2, R10C(O)- or-N(RlO)2, c) unsubstituted C l -C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 120-, R 1 S(0)m-, R 10c(O)NR 10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, R102N-C(NR1°)-, CN, RlOC(O)-, N3, -N(RlO)2, and RHOC(O)-NR10-. Preferably, R is selected from: hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and C1-C6 alkyl. Preferably, R^ is hydrogen.
Preferably, R6a, R6b, R6C? Rod ancj R6e are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C3-C10 cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl, Rl20-, R1 •s m-, CN, Nθ2, R10C(O)- or -N(RlO)2, c) unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; d) substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1-C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, Ri20-, Rl lS(0)m-, RlOC(0)-or-N(Rl°)2;or any two of R°A R6b R6C? R6d and R°e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-.
Preferably, R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, and b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, Cl -C6 perfluoroalkyl or CN.
Preferably, R9 is hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl. Preferably, Rl° is selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl and benzyl.
Preferably, Al and A2 are independently .selected from: a bond, -C(0)NRl°-, -N IOC(O)-, O, -N(R 10)-, -S(0)2N(R 10)- and-
Preferably, V is selected from hydrogen, heterocycle and aryl. More preferably, V is phenyl.
Preferably, W is selected from imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyyrohdinyl, thiazolyl and pyridyl. More preferably, W is selected from imidazolyl and pyridyl.
Preferably, n and r are independently 0, 1 , or 2. Preferably s is 0.
Preferably t is 1. Preferably, the moiety
V - A1(CR1 2)nA2(CR1 2)n W / - (CR*2)p - X -(CR^2)p
is selected from:
It is intended that the definition of any substituent or variable (e.g., Rl , R2, R9, n, etc.) at a particular location in a molecule be independent of its definitions elsewhere in that molecule. Thus, -N(R 10)2 represents -NHH, -NHCH3, -NHC2H5, etc. It is understood that substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable and that can be synthesized by techniques known in the art, as well as those methods set forth below, from readily available starting materials.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention as formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like: and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the salts are prepared either by ion exchange chromatography or by reacting the free base with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt-forming inorganic or organic acid in a suitable solvent or various combinations of solvents. Reactions used to generate the compounds of this invention are prepared by employing reactions as shown in the Schemes 1 -21 , in addition to other standard manipulations such as ester hydrolysis, cleavage of protecting groups, etc., as may be known in the literature or exemplified in the experimental procedures. Substituents R3, R6 and R#, as shown in the Schemes, represent the substituents R , R R5 R6b, R6C? R6d, R6e ancι R8; although only one such R3, R 0r R^ is present in the intermediates and products of the schemes, it is understood that the reactions shown are also applicable when such aryl or heteroaryl moieties contain multiple substituents.
These reactions may be employed in a linear sequence to provide the compounds of the invention or they may be used to synthesize fragments which are subsequently joined by the alkylation reactions described in the Schemes. The reactions described in the Schemes are illustrative only and are not meant to be limiting. Other reactions useful in the preparation of heteroaryl moieties are described in "Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Volume 4: Heterocyclic Compounds" ed. P.G. Sammes, Oxford (1979) and references therein. Aryl-aryl coupling is generally described in "Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations," Katritsky et al. eds., pp 472-473, Pergamon Press (1995).
Synopsis of Schemes 1 -21:
The requisite intermediates are in some cases commercially available, or can be prepared according to literature procedures, for the most part. Schemes 1 -12 illustrate synthesis of the instant aryl- heteroaryl compound which incoφorate a preferred benzylimidazolyl sidechain. Thus, in Scheme 1 , for example, a arylheteroaryl inter¬ mediate that is not commercially available may be synthesized by methods known in the art. Thus, a suitably substituted phenyl boronic acid I may be reacted under Suzuki coupling conditions (Pure Appl. Chem., 63:419 (1991 )) with a suitably substituted halogenated nicotinic acid, such as 4-bromonicotinic acid, to provide the arylheteroaryl carboxylic acid II. The acid may be reduced and the triflate of the intermediate alcohol HI may be formed in situ and coupled to a suitably substituted benzylimidazolyl IV to provide, after deprotection, the instant compound V.
Schemes 2-4 illustrate other methods of synthesizing the key alcohol intermediates, which can then be processed as described in Scheme 1. Thus, Scheme 2 illustrates the analogous series of arylheteroaryl alcohol forming reactions starting with the methyl nicotinate boronic acid and the "terminal" phenyl moiety employed in the Suzuki coupling as the halogenated reactant. Such a coupling reaction is also compatible when one of the reactants incoφorates a suitably protected hydroxyl functionality as illustrated in Scheme 3. Negishi chemistry (Org. Synth., 66:67 (1988)) may also be employed to form the arylheteroaryl component of the instant compounds, as shown in Scheme 4. Thus, a suitably substituted zinc bromide adduct may be coupled to a suitably substituted heteroaryl halide in the presence of nickel (II) to provide the arylheteroaryl VII. The heteroaryl halide and the zinc bromide adduct may be selected based on the availability of the starting reagents.
Scheme 5 illustrates the preparation of a suitably substituted biphenylmethyl bromide which could also be utilized in the reaction with the protected imidazole as described in Scheme 1.
As illustrated in Scheme 6, the sequence of coupling reactions may be modified such that the aryl-heteroaryl bond is formed last. Thus, a suitably substituted imidazole may first be alkylated with a suitably substituted benzyl halide to provide intermediate VIII.
Intermediate VIII can then undergo Suzuki type coupling to a suitably substituted phenyl boronic acid.
Scheme 7 illustrates synthesis of an instant compound wherein a non-hydrogen R9b is incoφorated in the instant compound. Thus, a readily available 4-substituted imidazole IX may be selectively iodinated to provide the 5-iodoimidazole X. That imidazole may then be protected and coupled to a suitably substituted benzyl moiety to provide intermediate XI. Intermediate XI can then undergo the alkylation reactions that were described hereinabove. Scheme 8 illustrates synthesis of instant compounds that incoφorate a preferred imidazolyl moiety connected to the biaryl via an alkyl amino, sulfonamide or amide linker. Thus, the 4-aminoalkyl- imidazole XII, wherein the primary amine is protected as the phthali- mide, is selectively alkylated then deprotected to provide the amine XIII. The amine XIII may then react under conditions well known in the art with various activated arylheteroaryl moieties to provide the instant compounds shown.
Compounds of the instant invention wherein the A 1 (CR 12)nA2(CR 12)n linker is oxygen may be synthesized by methods known in the art, for example as shown in Scheme 9. The suitably substituted phenol XIV may be reacted with methyl N-(cyano)methanimidate to provide the 4-phenoxyimidazole XV. After selective protection of one of the imidazolyl nitrogens, the intermediate XVI can undergo alkylation reactions as described for the benzylimidazoles hereinabove.
Scheme 10 illustrates an analogous series of reactions wherein the (CR22)ρX(CR22)p linker of the instant compounds is oxygen. Thus, a suitably substituted halopyridinol, such as 3-chloro- 2-pyridinol, is reacted with methyl N-(cyano)methanimidate to provide intermediate XVI. Intermediate XVI is then protected and, if desired to form a compound of a preferred embodiment, alkylated with a suitably protected benzyl. The intermediate XVII can then be coupled to a aryl moiety by Suzuki chemistry to provide the instant compound. Compounds of the instant invention wherein the
Al (CR l2)nA2(CRl2)n linker is a substituted methylene may be synthesized by the methods shown in Scheme 1 1. Thus, the N-protected imidazolyl iodide XVIII is reacted, under Grignard conditions with a suitably protected benzaldehyde to provide the alcohol XIX. Acylation, followed by the alkylation procedure illustrated in the Schemes above (in particular, Scheme 1 ) provides the instant compound XX. If other R 1 substituents are desired, the acetyl moiety can be manipulated as illustrated in the Scheme. Addition of various nucleophiles to an imidazolyl aldehyde may also be employed to form a substituted alkyl linker between the biheteroaryl and the preferred W (imidazolyl) as shown in Scheme 12. Thus an aryllithium can be reacted with pyridine to form the 2- substituted N-lithio-l ,2-dihydropyridine XXa. Intermediate XXa can then react with a aldehyde to provide a suitably substituted instant compound. Similar substituent manipulation as shown in Scheme 1 1 may be performed on the fully functionalized compound which incoφorates an R2 hydroxyl moiety.
SCHEME 1
SCHEME 1 (continued)
SCHEME2
SCHEME 3
SCHEME 4
SCHEME 5
LiAIH,
SCHEME 6
SCHEME 7
H H Nlal,NaHCQ3,l2 TrCI, NEta
IX
SCHEME 8
SCHEME 9
XV XVI
XVI
SCHEME 10
H
SCHEME 1 1
Tr
SCHEME 1 1 (continued)
SCHEME 12
R
Schemes 13-21 illustrate reactions wherein the moiety
- (CR1 2)p-X incoφorated in the compounds of the instant invention is represented by other than a substituted imidazole-containing group. Thus, the intermediates whose synthesis are illustrated in
Schemes hereinabove and other arylheteroaryl intermediates obtained commercially or readily synthesized, can be coupled with a variety of aldehydes. The aldehydes can be prepared by standard procedures, such as that described by O. P. Goel, U. Krolls, M. Stier and S. Kesten in Organic Svntheses. 1988, 67, 69-75, from the appropriate amino acid. Lithioheteroaryl chemistry may be utilized, as shown in Scheme 13, to incoφorate the arylheteroaryl moiety. Thus, a suitably substituted arylheteroaryl N-lithio reagent is reacted with an aldehyde to provide the C-alkylated instant compound XXI. Compound XXI can be deoxygenated by methods known in the art, such as a catalytic hydrogention, then deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride to give the final compound XXII. The final product XXII may be isolated in the salt form, for example, as a trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride or acetate salt, among others. The product diamine XXII can further be selectively protected to obtain XXIII, which can subsequently be reductively alkylated with a second aldehyde to obtain XXIV. Removal of the protecting group, and conversion to cyclized products such as the dihydroimidazole XXV can be accomplished by literature procedures. If the arylheteroaryl subunit reagent is reacted with an aldehyde which also has a protected hydroxyl group, such as XXVI in Scheme 14, the protecting groups can be subsequently removed to unmask the hydroxyl group (Schemes 14, 15). The alcohol can be oxidized under standard conditions to e.g. an aldehyde, which can then be reacted with a variety of organometallic reagents such as alkyl lithium reagents, to obtain secondary alcohols such as XXX. In addition, the fully deprotected amino alcohol XXXI can be reductively alkylated (under conditions described previously) with a variety of aldehydes to obtain secondary amines, such as XXXII (Scheme 15), or tertiary amines.
The Boc protected amino alcohol XXVIII can also be utilized to synthesize 2-aziridinylmethylarylheteroaryl such as XXXIII (Scheme 16). Treating XXVIII with 1 , l '-sulfonyldiimidazole and sodium hydride in a solvent such as dimethylformamide led to the formation of aziridine XXXIII . The aziridine is reacted with a nucleophile, such as a thiol, in the presence of base to yield the ring- opened product XXXIV .
In addition, the arylheteroaryl subunit reagent can be reacted with aldehydes derived from amino acids such as O-alkylated tyrosines, according to standard procedures, to obtain compounds such as XL, as shown in Scheme 17. When R' is an aryl group, XL can first be hydrogenated to unmask the phenol, and the amine group deprotected with acid to produce XLI. Alternatively, the amine protecting group in XL can be removed, and O-alkylated phenolic amines such as XLII produced.
Schemes 1 -21 illustrate syntheses of suitably substituted aldehydes useful in the syntheses of the instant compounds wherein the variable W is present as a pyridyl moiety. Similar synthetic strategies for preparing alkanols that incoφorate other heterocyclic moieties for variable W are also well known in the art.
SCHEME 13
Boc
Boc
n
NHBoc
I
SCHEME 13 (continued)
XXV
SCHEME 14
XXVI
NHBoc
XXVII
SCHEME 14 oninu
XXIX
XXX
SCHEME 15
XXXI
SCHEME 16
NHBoc
XXVIII
XXXIII
XXXIV SCHEME 17
XXXV XXXVI
XXXVII
XXXVIII
SCHEME 17 (continued)
SCHEME 18
NaBH4 (excess)
SCHEME 20
NaBH4 (excess)
excess NaBH,
The instant compounds are useful as pharmaceutical agents for mammals, especially for humans. These compounds may be administered to patients for use in the treatment of cancer. Examples of the type of cancer which may be treated with the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, myeloid leukemias and neurological tumors. Such tumors may arise by mutations in the ras genes themselves, mutations in the proteins that can regulate Ras activity (i.e., neurofibromin (NF- 1 ), neu, scr, abl , lck, fyn) or by other mechanisms. The compounds of the instant invention inhibit famesyl- protein transferase and the famesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The instant compounds may also inhibit tumor angiogenesis, thereby affecting the growth of tumors (J. Rak et al. Cancer Research, 55:4575-4580 (1995)). Such anti -angiogenesis properties of the instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment of certain forms of blindness related to retinal vascularization.
The compounds of this invention are also useful for inhibiting other proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein Ras proteins are aberrantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in other genes (i.e., the Ras gene itself is not activated by mutation to an oncogenic form) with said inhibition being accomplished by the administration of an effective amount of the compounds of the invention to a mammal in need of such treatment. For example, a component of NF- 1 is a benign proliferative disorder. The instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment of certain viral infections, in particular in the treatment of hepatitis delta and related viruses (J.S. Glenn et al. Science, 256: 1331 - 1333 (1992).
The compounds of the instant invention are also useful in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by inhibiting neointimal formation (C. Indolfi et al. Nature medicine, 1 :541 -545(1995).
The instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment and prevention of polycystic kidney disease (D.L. Schafmer et al. American Journal of Pathology, 142: 1051-1060 (1993) and B. Cowley, Jr. et ΆLFASEB Journal, 2:A3160 (1988)).
The instant compounds may also be useful for the treatment of fungal infections. The compounds of this invention may be administered to mammals, preferably humans, either alone or, preferably, in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, optionally with known adjuvants, such as alum, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. The compounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration.
For oral use of a chemotherapeutic compound accord¬ ing to this invention, the selected compound may be administered, for example, in the form of tablets or capsules, or as an aqueous solution or suspension. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch, and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are commonly added. For oral administration in capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried co starch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring agents may be added. For intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intravenous use, sterile solutions of the active ingredient are usually prepared, and the pH of the solutions should be suitably adjusted and buffered. For intravenous use, the total concentration of solutes should be controlled in order to render the preparation isotonic.
The compounds of the instant invention may also be co-administered with other well known therapeutic agents that are selected for their particular usefulness against the condition that is being treated. For example, the instant compounds may be useful in combination with known anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents. Similarly, the instant compounds may be useful in combination with agents that are effective in the treatment and prevention of NF-1 , restinosis, polycystic kidney disease, infections of hepatitis delta and related viruses and fungal infections.
If formulated as a fixed dose, such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) within its approved dosage range. Compounds of the instant invention may alternatively be used sequentially with known pharmaceutically acceptable agent(s) when a combination formulation is inappropriate. The present invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of cancer, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of this invention, with or without pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents. Suitable compositions of this invention include aqueous solutions comprising compounds of this invention and pharmacolo- gically acceptable carriers, e.g., saline, at a pH level, e.g., 7.4. The solutions may be introduced into a patient's blood-stream by local bolus injection.
As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specific amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specific ingredients in the specified amounts.
When a compound according to this invention is administered into a human subject, the daily dosage will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms.
In one exemplary application, a suitable amount of compound is administered to a mammal undergoing treatment for cancer. Administration occurs in an amount between about 0.1 mg/kg of body weight to about 60 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably of between 0.5 mg/kg of body weight to about 40 mg/kg of body weight per day.
The compounds of the instant invention are also useful as a component in an assay to rapidly determine the presence and quantity of famesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) in a composition. Thus the composition to be tested may be divided and the two portions contacted with mixtures which comprise a known substrate of FPTase (for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus) and famesyl pyrophosphate and, in one of the mixtures, a compound of the instant invention. After the assay mixtures are incubated for an sufficient period of time, well known in the art, to allow the FPTase to farnesylate the substrate, the chemical content of the assay mixtures may be determined by well known immunological, radiochemical or chromatographic techniques. Because the compounds of the instant invention are selective inhibitors of FPTase, absence or quantitative reduction of the amount of substrate in the assay mixture without the compound of the instant invention relative to the presence of the unchanged substrate in the assay containing the instant compound is indicative of the presence of FPTase in the composition to be tested.
It would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that such an assay as described above would be useful in identifying tissue samples which contain famesyl-protein transferase and quanti- tating the enzyme. Thus, potent inhibitor compounds of the instant invention may be used in an active site titration assay to determine the quantity of enzyme in the sample. A series of samples composed of aliquots of a tissue extract containing an unknown amount of famesyl- protein transferase, an excess amount of a known substrate of FPTase (for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus) and famesyl pyrophosphate are incubated for an appropriate period of time in the presence of varying concentrations of a compound of the instant invention. The concentration of a sufficiently potent inhibitor (i.e., one that has a Ki substantially smaller than the concentration of enzyme in the assay vessel) required to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the sample by 50% is approximately equal to half of the concentration of the enzyme in that particular sample. EXAMPLES
Examples provided are intended to assist in a further understanding of the invention. Particular materials employed, species and conditions are intended to be further illustrative of the invention and not limitative of the reasonable scope thereof.
EXAMPLE 1
1 -(2-Pheny lpyrid-5-y lmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzy l)imidazole hydrochloride salt
Step A: l -Trityl-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)-imidazole
To a suspension of activated zinc dust (3.57g, 54.98 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added dibromoethane (0.315 mL, 3.60 mmol) and the reaction stirred under argon at 20°C. The suspension was cooled to 0°C and a-bromo-p-tolunitrile (9.33g, 47.6 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 10 minutes. The reaction was then allowed to stir at 20°C for 6 hours and bis(triphenylphosphine)Nickel II chloride (2.4g, 3.64 mmol) and 4-iodo-l-tritylimidazole ( 15.95g, 36.6 mmol, S. V. Ley, et al., J. Org. Chem. 56, 5739 ( 1991 )) were added in one portion.The resulting mixture was stirred 16 hours at 20°C and then quenched by addition of sat. aq. NH4CI solution (100 mL) and the mixture stirred for 2 hours. Saturated aq. NaHC03 solution was added to give a pH of 8 and the solution was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 250 mL), dried, (MgSθ4) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc in CH2CI2 to afford the title compound as a white solid. lH NMR (CDC13, 400MHz) δ 7.54 (2H, d, J=7.9Hz), 7.38(1H, s), 7.36-7.29 ( 1 1 H, m), 7.15-7.09(6H, m), 6.58(1H, s), and 3.93(2H, s)ppm. Step B: 2-Phenyl-5-methylpyridine
A mixture of 2-bromo-5-methylpyridine (2.00 g, 1 1.63 mmol), phenylboronic acid (1.56 g, 12.79 mmol), barium hydroxide (5.50g, 17.4 mmol), DME (80 mL) and water (15 mL) was purged with dry argon. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (672 mg, 0.58 mmol) was added, and the resultant solution was stirred at 80°C for 4 hours. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo, and the residue partitioned between EtOAc and water and acidified with 1 M aq. HCI. The aqueous extract was separated, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were combined, washed with NaHCθ3 and 5% aq. Na2S2θ3, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography (Silica gel, CH2CI2) to afford the title compound. JH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.52 (IH, s), 7.96(2H, d, J=7.0Hz), 7.63(1H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.55(1H, brd, J=8.0Hz), 7.50-7.35(3H, ), and 2.37(3H, s) ppm.
Step C: 2-Phenyl-5-carboxypyridine
A suspension of 2-phenyl-5-methyl pyridine (1.03g, 6.09 mmol) and potassium permanganate (2.89g, 18.3 mmol), in water (25 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and filtered through celite to remove the solids. Acetic acid (1 mL) was added to the colourless filtrate and the product was collected as a white solid by filtration. 1 H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.18(1H, s), 8.41 (IH, dd, 2.2 and 8.2Hz), 8.08-8.02(2H, m), 7.97(1 H, dd, J=8.2 and 0.7Hz) and 7.56- 7.46(3H, m) ppm.
Step D: 2-Phenyl-5-hvdroxymethylpyridine To a solution of 2-phenyl-5-carboxypyridine (520 mg,
2.61 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at 0°C was added 1.0 M lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran (2.61 mL, 2.61 mmol) over 10 minutes. The reaction was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours, cooled to 0°C, and quenched by dropwise addition of water (0.20 mL), 4 N aq. NaOH (0.20 mL), and water (0.60 mL). The reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 0-5% MeOH in CH2CI2) to afford the title compound. iH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.66(1H, s), 7.97(2H, d, J=7.9Hz), 7.82-7.70(2H, m), 7.52-7.38(3H, m), 4.77(2H, s) and 1.89(1H, brs) ppm.
Step E: 1 -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyI) imidazole hydrochloride salt
To a solution of 2-phenyl-5-hydroxymethylpyridine (264 mg, 1.43 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.522 mL, 3.00 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) at -78°C was added trifluoro- methanesulfonic anhydride (0.252 mL, 1.50 mmol) and the mixture stirred at -78°C for 15 minutes. To this mixture was added a solution of 1 -trityl-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole (608 mg , 1.43 mmol) in dichloromethane (9 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (15 mL), heated at reflux for 1 hour, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and sat. aq. NaHC03 solution. The organic layer was dried, (Na2S04) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, 0-5% NH4OH in CH2CI2). The amine was converted to the HCI salt by treatment with 1.0M HCI in aqueous acetonitrile. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo afforded the title compound as a white solid. FAB MS 351 (MH+) iH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 8.38(1H, d, J=2.4Hz),7.97(2H, m), 7.64(1H, d, J=8.2Hz), 7.60(1H, s), 7.56-7.40(5H, m), 7.28-7.20(lH, m), 7.17(2H, d, J=8.0Hz), 6.97(1H, s), 4.96(2H, s) and 3.89(2H, s) ppm.
EXAMPLE 2 l -(2-Phenyl-N-Oxopyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole hydrochloride salt
l -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl) imidazole hydochloride (66.7mg, 0.159 mmol) was partitioned between QrhCh UmL) and sat. aq. Na2Cθ3 (1 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried, (MgS04) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 (2 mL), 3-chloro- perbenzoic acid (109 mg, 0.506 mmol) was added and the solution stirred at ambiant temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was partitioned between CH2Ch (5mL) and sat. aq. Na2Cθ3 (2mL) and the organic layer separated, dried, (MgS04) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel 4-10% MeOH in CH2CI2). The amine was converted to the HCI salt by treatment with 1.0M HCI in aqueous acetonitrile. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo afforded the title compound as a white solid. iH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.18(1H, s), 8.13(lH,s), 7.80- 7.20(12H,m), 5.53(2H,s) and 4.28(2H,s) ppm.
EXAMPLE 3 l -(3-Phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazoIe hydrochloride salt
Step A: 3-Phenyl-6-carboxypyridine
A suspension of 3-phenyI-6-methyl pyridine (1.99g, 1 1.78 mmol) and potassium permanganate (7.65, 48.6 mmol), in water (50 mL) was heated at reflux for 16 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and filtered through celite to remove the solids. Acetic acid (2 mL) was added to the colourless filtrate and the product was collected as a white solid by filtration. lH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 8.86(1H, s), 8.15(2H,m), 7.70(2H,d, J=6.7Hz) and 7.60-7.30(3H,m) ppm.
Step B: 3-Phenyl-6-hvdroxymethylpyridine To a solution of 3-phenyl-6-carboxypyridine (1.05g, 5.27 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) at 0°C was added 1.0 M lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran (10.0 mL, 10.0 mmol) over 10 minutes. The reaction was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 6 hours, cooled to 0°C, and quenched by dropwise addition of water (0.50 mL), 4 N aq. NaOH (0.50 mL), and water (1.5 mL). The reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 0-5% MeOH in CH2CI2) to afford the title compound. iH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.79(1 H, d, J=1.0Hz), 7.88(1H, dd, J=8.6 and 1.5Hz), 7.58(2H,d, J=6.7Hz), 7.49(2H,t, J=7.0Hz), 7.41 (lH,t, J=7.0Hz), 7.33(lH,d, J=7.6Hz), 4.83(2H,s) and 3.75(lH,brs) ppm.
Step C: l -(3-Phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl) imidazole hydrochloride salt
To a solution of 3-phenyl-6-hydroxymethylpyridine (192 mg, 1.04 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.360 mL, 2.07 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL) at -78°C was added trifluoro- methanesulfonic anhydride (0.180 mL, 1.07 mmol) and the mixture stirred at -78°C for 1 hour. To this mixture was added a solution of l -trityl-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole (441 mg , 1.04 mmol) in dichloromethane (9 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (10 mL), heated at reflux for 1 hour, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and sat. aq. NaHC03 solution. The organic layer was dried, (Na2Sθ4) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chroma- tographed (Silica gel, EtOAc and then 5% MeOH in CH2CI2). The amine was converted to the HCI salt by treatment with 1.0M HCI in aqueous acetonitrile. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo afforded the title compound as a white solid. FAB HRMS exact mass calcd for C23H19N4 351.160972 (MH+); found 351.161206. iH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.20(1H, d, J=1.4Hz), 8.75(1H, d, J=2.2Hz), 8.16(1H, d, J=8.20), 7.66 (2H, d, J=8.4Hz), 7.60-7.40(7H, m), 7.26(2H, d, J=8.0Hz), 5.73(2H, s) and 4.27(2H, s) ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C23H18N4-2.00 HC1-0.80 H2θ:
C, 63.1 1 ; H, 4.97; N, 12.80. Found: C, 63.10; H, 4.97; N, 12.95.
EXAMPLE 4 l-(3-Phenyl-N-Oxopyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole hydrochloride salt
l -(3-Phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl) imidazole hydochloride (lOO.Omg, 0.236mmol) was partitioned between CH2Ch (2mL) and sat. aq. Na2Cθ3 (lmL). The organic layer was separated, dried, (MgS04) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 (2 mL), 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (143mg, 0.472 mmol) was added and the solution stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was partitioned between CH2CI2 (5mL) and sat. aq. Na2Cθ3 (2mL) and the organic layer separated, dried, (MgS04) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel 4-10% MeOH in CH2C The amine was converted to the HCI salt by treatment with 1.0M HCI in aqueous acetonitrile. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo afforded the title compound as a white solid. lH NMR free base (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.44(1H, d, J=1.5Hz), 7.63(lH,s), 7.60-7.20(10H,m), 7.03(lH,s), 6.35(lH,d, J=8.2Hz), 5.29(2H,s) and 3.96(2H,s) ppm.
EXAMPLE 5 l -(2-(3-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-pyrid-5-yImethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyDimidazole hydrochloride salt Step A: 2-(3-TrifluoromethoxyphenylV5-methylpyridine
To a solution of 3-bromotrifluoromethoxybenzene (0.590mL, 4.00 mmol) in THF ( 12 mL) at -78°C was added t-butyl lithium (4.71mL, of a 1.7M solution in pentane, 8.00 mmol. After 10 minutes zinc chloride(4.0mL, of a 1 M solution in diethylether, 4.00 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at -78°C and then allowed to warm to 0°C and stirred for 30minutes. This solution was added via cannula to a solution of 2-bromo-5- methyl pyridine and bis(triphenylphosphine) Nickel II chloride. The reaction stirred for 1 hour at 0°C and then at ambient temperature for a furthur 1 hour. Saturated ammonium hydroxide solution (3 mL) was added and the mixture stirred until homogenous, extracted with Et 0 and the organic extracts washed with saturated brine, dried (MgS04) and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, 25-50% CH2CI2 in hexanes). IH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 8.48(1H, s),7.93(lH, brd, J=8.0Hz), 7.87(1 H, s), 7.79(2H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.74(2H, d, J=8.0Hz), 7.56(1 H, t, J=8.0Hz), 7.32(1H, brd, J=8.0Hz) and 2.40(3H, s) ppm.
Step B: 2-(3-Trifluoromethoxyphenvπ-5-carboxy pyridine
A solution of 2-(3-TrifluoromethoxyphenyI)-5- methylpyridine (2.35g, 2.22 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium permanganate (1.904, 0.012mol), in pyridine (8 mL) was heated at 75°C for 16 hours. The cooled reaction was filtered through celite to remove the solids. The solid was washed with EtOAc and MeOH and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound of sufficient purity to be used in the next step.
Step C: 2-(3-TrifluoromethoxyphenvO-5- hvdroxymethylpyridine
To a solution of 2-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-5- carboxy pyridine (2.0 g, 7.06 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran ( 15 mL) at 0°C was added 1.0 M lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran (7.07 mL, 7.07 mmol) over 10 minutes. The reaction was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 4 hours, cooled to 0°C, and quenched by dropwise addition of saturated Na2S04 (1.0 mL). The reaction was diluted with diethylether, filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 50% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound.
]H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 8.62(1 H, d, J=1.0Hz), 8.00- 7.84(H,m), 7.57(1H, t, J=8.0Hz), 7.33(lH,brd, J=8.0Hz) and 4.84(2H,s) ppm.
Step D: 1 -(2-(3-Trif luoromethoxyphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-
5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole hydrochloride salt
To a solution of 2-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-5- hydroxymethylpyridine (66 mg, 0.25 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (0.085 mL, 0.49 mmol), and l -trityl-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole (105 mg , 0.25 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.4 mL) at -78°C was added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.041 mL, 0.25 mmol) and the mixture stirred at -78°C for 1 hour. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (15 mL), heated at reflux for 1 hour, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between dichloro¬ methane and sat. aq. Na2Cθ3 solution. The organic layer was dried, (Na2S0 ) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, 3% MeOH in CH2CI2). The amine was converted to the HCI salt by treatment with 1.0M HCI in aqueous acetonitrile. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo afforded the title compound as a white solid.
i H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.23(1H, s), 8.67(IH,s), 8.18- 8.04(2H, m), 8.00-7.90(2H,m), 7.74(1H, t, J=7.9Hz), 7.62-7.50(4H, m), 7.31 (2H, d, J=7.9Hz), 5.71 (2H, s), 4.29(2H, s) ppm. FAB HRMS exact mass calcd for C24H18N4 OF3 435.143271 (MH+); found 435.144474.
Anal. Calcd. for C24H17N4 OF3 -2.00 HCI: C, 56.82; H, 3.77; N, 1 1.04. Found: C, 56.50; H, 3.88; N, 10.86.
EXAMPLE 6
l -(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyPimidazole hydrochloride salt
Step A: 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylpyridine To a solution of 2 bromo-5-methyl pyridine
(1. 1g, 10.53 mmol) and barium hydroxide (4.97 g, 15.78 mmol) in water (15 mL) was added DME (80 mL). This mixture was treated sequentially with 2-(trifluoromethyI)phenylboronic acid
(2.00g, 10.53 mmol) and palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)
(553 mg, 0.48 mmol) and the mixture warmed to 80°C for 48 hours.
Water (lOOmL) was added and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 10 and extracted with EtOAc (3X200mL).
The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSθ4), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, 50% -100% CH2CI2 in hexanes) to afford the title compound. lH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.52(1 H, s), 7.75(1 H, d, J=7.9Hz),
7.64-7.44(4H, m), 7.32(1 H, d, J=7.9Hz) and 2.40(3H,s) ppm.
Step B: 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-carboxypyridine
A suspension of 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-5- methylpyridine (0.40g, 1.68 mmol) and potassium permanganate (1.60g, 10.1 mmol), in water (10 mL) was heated at reflux for 16 hours. The reaction was filtered hot through celite to remove the solids. Acetic acid was added to the colourless filtrate to yield a pH of 5 and the resulting suspension was extracted with CH2Cb.washed with water (10 mL), dried, (MgSθ4), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound. iH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.34(1H, s), 8.41 (lH,d, J=8.2Hz),
7.80(1 H,d, J=7.9Hz) and 7.70-7.50(4H,m) ppm.
Step C: 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-hydroxymethylpyridine To a solution of 2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-
5-carboxypyridine (220 mg, 1.23 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran
(10 mL) at 0°C was added 1.0 M lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran (1.23 mL, 1.23 mmol) over 10 minutes. The reaction was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours, cooled to 0°C, and quenched by dropwise addition of water (0.05 mL), 2.5 N aq. NaOH (0.05 mL), and water (0.15 mL). Sodium sulfate was added, the reaction filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed
(silica gel, CH2CI2 then EtOAc) to afford the title compound. iH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.63(1 H, s), 7.80-7.40(6H,m) and
4.77(2H, s) ppm.
Step D: l -(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyI)-
5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole hydrochloride salt The title compound was prepared using the procedure described for Example 5, step D using 2-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)
-5-hydroxymethylpyridine from Step C in place of 2-(3-trifluoro- methoxyphenyI)-5-hydroxymethylpyridine.
J H NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.17( 1 H, s), 8.42(1 H,s), 8.00-
7.40(1 IH, m), 5.60(2H, s), 4.26(2H, s) ppm.
FAB MS 419 (MH+)
Anal. Calcd. for C24H17N4 F3 -2.95 HCI. 0.6 EtOAc: C, 54.78; H, 4.31 ; N, 9.68.
Found: C, 54.79; H, 4.18; N, 9.68.
EXAMPLE 7 l -(3-Phenyl-2-Chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole hydrochloride salt
Step A: 3-Phenyl-6-methylpyridine N-oxide A solution of 3 -phenyl -6-me thy 1 pyridine (2.36g, 13.95 mmol), in CH2CI2 (40 mL) at 0°C was treated with MCPBA (3.58g, 13.95 mmol) for 1 hour. Saturated aq. Na2Cθ3 (50 mL) was added and the reaction was extracted with CH2CI2 (20 mL). The organic extracts were dried (MgS04), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound. i H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz) δ 8.53(1H, s), 7.60-7.20(7H, m) and 2.57(3H, s) ppm.
Step B: 3-Phenyl-2-chloro-6-methylpyridine and 3-phenyI-4- chloro-6-methylpyridine
A solution of 3-phenyl-6-methyl pyridine-N-Oxide (1.42g, 7.66 mmol), in P2O5 (50 mL) at 0°C was at 80°C for 3 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and then poured over ice (400g). Saturated aq. Na2Cθ3 was added until the pH of the solution was 8 and the reaction was extracted with
CH2CI2 (3X250 mL). The organic extracts were dried (MgSθ4), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, 10-20% EtOAc in CH2CI2 to afford 3-Phenyl-2-chloro- 6-methylpyridine (First eluted) IH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 7.56(1H, d, J=7.6Hz), 7.60- 7.30(5H,m), 7.15(lH,d, J=7.6Hz) and 2.59(3H, s) ppm. 3-Phenyl-4-chloro-6-methylpyridine (Second eluted). !H NMR (CDC13, 400MHZ) δ 8.43(1 H, s), 7.60-7.40(5H,m), 7.29(lH,s) and 2.59(3H, s) ppm.
Step C: 3-Phenyl-2-chloro-6-bromomethylpyridine
A solution of 3-Phenyl-2-chloro-6-methylpyridine (0.094g, 0.462 mmol), NBS (0.086g, 0.485 mmol) and AIBN (0.008g, 0.046mmol) in CCU (3 mL) were heated at reflux for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue chroma- tographed(Silica gel, 100% CH2CI2 to afford the title compound. iH NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz) δ 7.68(1H, d, J=7.6Hz), 7.60- 7.40(6H,m), and 4.56(2H, s) ppm.
Step D: 1 -(3-Phenyl-2-chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyDimidazole hydrochloride salt
To l -trityl-4-(4-Cyanobenzyl)-imidazole (88.4mg, 0.208 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL) was added 3-phenyl-2-chloro- 6-bromomethylpyridine (53.5mg, 0.189 mmol) and the mixture heated at 65°C for 16 hours. The residue was dissolved in methanol (3 ml) and heated at reflux for 2 hours, cooled and evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between sat. aq. Na2C03 solution and CH2CI2. The organic layer was dried, (MgS04) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, 2.5-3% MeOH in CH2CI2) to afford the free base which was converted to the HCI salt by treatment with one equivalent of HCI in aqueous acetonitrile. Evaporation of solvent in vacuo afforded the title compound as a white powder.
iH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.11 (1H, s), 7.64(lH.d, J=7.7Hz), 7.55(2H,d, J=8.2Hz), 7.51 (lH,s), 7.50-7.34(5H,m), 7.32-7.20(3H, m), 5.56(2H, s), 4.27(2H, s) ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C23H17CIN4 T .00 HCI. 0.6 EtOAc: C, 54.78; H, 4.31 ; N, 9.68.
Found: C, 54.79; H, 4.1 ; N, 9.68.
EXAMPLE 8 l -(3-Phenyl-4-chIoropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazoIe hydrochloride salt
The title compound was prepared using the procedure described for Example 7, steps C and D using 3-phenyl-4-chloro-6-methylpyridine in place of 3-phenyl-6-methyl pyridine. Anal. Calcd. for C24H17N4 CM .OO HCI. 0.30 H20:
C, 64.74; H, 4.39; N, 13.13. Found: C, 64.82; H, 4.52; N, 12.93.
EXAMPLE 9 l -(2-Amino-3-phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole hydrochloride salt
Step A: 2-Amino-3-Phenyl-6-methylpyridine A solution of 3-phenyl-6-methyl pyridine
(0.815 g, 4.82 mmol), and sodium amide (752mg, 19.3mmol) in diethylaniline (lOmL) was heated at 180°C for 72 hours. The reaction was cooled and quenched with ice (lOOg), and the mixture extracted with EtOAc. The organic extract was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried (MgS04), silica gel (lOOg) was added and the solvent evaporated in vacuo.
The material was loaded onto a column and chromatographed (Silica gel, eluting with 0-100% EtOAc in CH2CI2) to afford the title compound. IH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 7.50-7.20(6H, m) 6.61 ( l H,d, J=7.0Hz), and 2.42(3H, s) ppm.
Step B: N-bis t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-Amino-3-Phenyl-6- methylpyridine
A solution of 2-amino-3-phenyl-6-methyl pyridine (1.21 g, 6.57 mmol), di t-butylcarbonate(3.58g, 16.4 mmol), triethylamine (2.29 mL, 16.4 mmol) and DMAP (0.803g, 6.57 mmol) in CH2CI2 (20mL) were heated at 65°C for 16 hours. The reactionwas diluted with sat. aq. Na2C03 and extracted with CH2CI2 The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. and the residue chromatographed (Silica gel, eluting with 20% EtOAc in CH2CI2) to afford the title compound. 1 H NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 7.62( 1 H, d, J=7.7Hz), 7.41 -7.30(5H, m), 7.19(1H, d, J=7.7Hz), 2.59(3H, s) and 1.28(18H, s) ppm.
Step C: 2-(bis t-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-phenyl-6- methylpyridine-N-oxide A solution of N-bis t-butoxycarbonyI-2-amino-3-phenyl-
6-methylpyridine (0.215g, 0.56 mmol), in CH2CI2 (4 mL) at 0°C was treated with MCPBA (0.220g , 0.727 mmol) for 1 hour. Saturated aq. Na2Cθ3 (50 mL) was added and the reaction was extracted with CH2CI2 (2X50 mL). The organic extracts were dried (MgSθ4), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed (Silica gel, eluting with 100% EtOAc to afford the title compound. i H NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 7.44-7.36(6H,m), 7.13(1H, d, J=7.7Hz), 2.56(3H, s) and 1.31(18H, s) ppm.
Step D: N-bis t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-3-phenyl-6- acetoxymethylpyridine
A solution of 2-(bis t-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-phenyl- 6-methylρyridine-N-oxide (0.223g, 0.557 mmol), in acetic anhydride (5 mL) was heated at 65°C for 24 hours. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed (30-50%EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound.
* H NMR (CDC13, 400MHz) δ 7.74(1H, d, J=7.7Hz), 7.50-7.30(6H, m), 5.25(2H, s), 2.17(3H, s) and 1.28(18H, s) ppm. Step E: N-bis t-Butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-3 -phenyl -6- hydroxymethylpyridine
A solution of 2-(bis t-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-phenyl- 6-acetoxymethylpyridine (0.040g, 0.09 mmol), THF (1.3 mL) was treated with Lithium hydroxide (1M solution in water 0.271 ml, 0.271 mmol) at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with CH2CI2. The organic extracts were dried (MgS04),and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound. iH NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 7.74(1H, d, J=7.8 Hz), 7.44-7.33(5H, m), 7.31( lH,brd, J=7.8Hz), 4.81 (2H, s), and 1.29(18H, s) ppm.
Step F: 1 -(2-Amino-3-pheny lpyrid-6-y lmethyl)-5-(4- cvanobenzvPimidazole hydrochloride salt The title compound was prepared using the procedure described for Example 3 step C using N-bis t-butoxycarbonyl-2-amino-3-phenyl- 6-hydroxymethylpyridine in place of 3-phenyl-6-hydroxymethyl- pyridine. In this case the free base was treated with TFA and triethylsilane to effect cleavage of the t-butoxycarbonyl groups which was followed by its conversion to the hydrochloride salt. iH NMR (CD3OD, 400MHz) δ 9.23(1 H, s), 7.80-7.20(H, m), 6.96(l H,s), 6.65(lH,d, J=7.6Hz), 5.66(2H, s), 4.33(2H, s) ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C23H19N.v l .OO HCI. 0.95 H20 0.35 EtOAc: C, 60.26; H, 5.33; N, 14.40. Found: C, 60.04; H, 5.10; N, 14.45.
EXAMPLE 10
In vitro inhibition of ras famesyl transferase Assays of famesyl-protein transferase. Partially purified bovine FPTase and Ras peptides (Ras-CVLS, Ras-CVIM and Ras-CAIL) were prepared as described by Schaber et aL, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14701 -14704 ( 1990), Pompliano. et al.. Biochemistry 31 :3800 (1992) and Gibbs et al., PNAS U.S.A. 86:6630-6634 ( 1989), respectively. Bovine FPTase was assayed in a volume of 100 μl containing 100 mM N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) piperazine-7v"-(2-ethane sulfonic acid) (HEPES), pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl2, 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 100 mM ^HJ-farnesyl diphosphate ([3H]-FPP; 740 CBq/mmol, New England Nuclear), 650 nM Ras-CVLS and 10 μg/ml FPTase at 31 °C for 60 min. Reactions were initiated with FPTase and stopped with 1 ml of 1.0 M HCL in ethanol. Precipitates were collected onto filter-mats using a TomTec Mach II cell harvestor, washed with 100% ethanol, dried and counted in an LKB β-plate counter. The assay was linear with respect to both substrates, FPTase levels and time; less than 10% of the [3H]-FPP was utilized during the reaction period. Purified compounds were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were diluted 20-fold into the assay. Percentage inhibition is measured by the amount of incorporation of radioactivity in the presence of the test compound when compared to the amount of incorporation in the absence of the test compound.
Human FPTase was prepared as described by Omer et al.. Biochemistry 32:5167-5176 (1993). Human FPTase activity was assayed as described above with the exception that 0.1 % (w/v) polyethylene glycol 20,000, 10 μM ZnCl2 and 100 ΠM Ras-CVIM were added to the reaction mixture. Reactions were performed for 30 min., stopped with 100 μl of 30% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in ethanol and processed as described above for the bovine enzyme.
The compound of the instant invention described in the above Examples 1-9 were tested for inhibitory activity against human FPTase by the assay described above and were found to have IC50 of <50 μM.
EXAMPLE 1 1
In vivo ras famesylation assay
The cell line used in this assay is a v-ras line derived from either Ratl or NIH3T3 cells, which expressed viral Ha-ras p21. The assay is performed essentially as described in DeClue, J.E. et a]., Cancer Research 51 :712-717. (1991 ). Cells in 10 cm dishes at 50-75% confluency are treated with the test compound (final concentration of solvent, methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide, is 0.1 %). After 4 hours at 37°C, the cells are labelled in 3 ml methionine-free DMEM supple- meted with 10% regular DMEM, 2% fetal bovine serum and 400 mCi[35sjmethionine (1000 Ci/mmol). After an additional 20 hours, the cells are lysed in 1 ml lysis buffer (1 % NP40/20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl2/l M DTT/10 mg/ml aprotinen/2 mg/ml leupeptin/2 mg/ml antipain/0.5 mM PMSF) and the lysates cleared by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 45 min. Aliquots of lysates containing equal numbers of acid-precipitable counts are bought to 1 ml with IP buffer (lysis buffer lacking DTT) and immunoprecipitated with the ras-specific monoclonal antibody Y 13-259 (Furth, M.E. et ah, J. Virol. 43:294-304, (1982)). Following a 2 hour antibody incubation at 4°C, 200 ml of a 25% suspension of protein A-Sepharose coated with rabbit anti rat IgG is added for 45 min. The immunoprecipitates are washed four times with IP buffer (20 nM HEPES, pH 7.5/1 mM EDTA/1 % Triton X- 100.0.5% deoxycholate/0.1 %/SDS/0.1 M NaCl) boiled in SDS-PAGE sample buffer and loaded on 13% acrylamide gels. When the dye front reached the bottom, the gel is fixed, soaked in Enlightening, dried and autoradiographed. The intensities of the bands corresponding to famesylated and nonfarnesylated ras proteins are compared to determine the percent inhibition of famesyl transfer to protein.
EXAMPLE 12
In vivo growth inhibition assay
To determine the biological consequences of FPTase inhibition, the effect of the compounds of the instant invention on the anchorage-independent growth of Ratl cells transformed with either a v-ras, v-raf, or v-mos oncogene is tested. Cells transformed by v-Raf and v-Mos maybe included in the analysis to evaluate the specificity of instant compounds for Ras-induced cell transformation.
Rat 1 cells transformed with either v-ras, v-raf, or v-mos are seeded at a density of 1 x 104 cells per plate (35 mm in diameter) in a 0.3% top agarose layer in medium A (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum) over a bottom agarose layer (0.6%). Both layers contain 0.1 % methanol or an appropriate concentration of the instant compound (dissolved in methanol at 1000 times the final concentration used in the assay). The cells are fed twice weekly with 0.5 ml of medium A containing 0.1 % methanol or the concentration of the instant compound. Photo¬ micrographs are taken 16 days after the cultures are seeded and comparisons are made.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A compound which inhibits farnesyl-protein transferase of the formula A:
wherein: from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->O, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R1 and R2 are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, R 1 1C(O)O-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R 10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R 10O-, R11 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from: a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R1 1 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R1 1 C(O)O-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R12O-, R11 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R1 2O-, R 11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R11C(O)O-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R12O-, R11 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10., (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R7 is selected from: H; C1 -4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with:
a) C1 -4 alkoxy,
b) aryl or heterocycle,
c) halogen,
d) HO,
f) — SO2R11
g) N(R 10)2 or
h) C1 -4 perfluoroalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R 1 1 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl,
cyanophenyl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NH-, (R10)2NC(O)-,
R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R10OC(O)NH-;
provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) alkenyl, alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R11O-,
R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifluoroethyI and aryl; R11 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6
aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
A1 and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-,
-C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-,
-S(O)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(O)2-, or S(O)m;
V is selected from:
a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle,
c) aryl,
d) C1 -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are
replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl,
provided that V is not hydrogen if A1 is S(O)m and V is not hydrogen if A1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(O)m;
provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R8 and to A1 is through a substitutable ring carbon;
W is a heterocycle;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, O, -C(=O)-, -C(O)NR7-, -NR7C(O)-, -C(O)O-,
-OC(O)-, -C(O)NR7C(O)-, -NR7-, -S(O)2N(R10)-,
-N(R10)S(O)2- or -S(=O)m-; m is 0, 1 or 2;
n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
p is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
q is 0, 1 , 2 or 3;
r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; and t is 0 or 1 ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound according to Claim 1 of the formula A:
wherein: from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R 1 is independently selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl; R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl,
c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the
substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O- and -N(R10)2;
R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl;
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R1 1S(O)m, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N- C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)- NR10-;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 1 2O-, R 1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl;
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN,
R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-, or any two of R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R4, R5, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R7 is selected from: H; C1 -4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with:
a) C1 -4 alkoxy,
b) aryl or heterocycle,
c) halogen,
d) HO,
f) -SO2R11
g) N(R10)2 or
h) C1 -4 perfluoroalkyl; R8 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R 10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-,
-N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-;
provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9 is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R11O-, R 1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C1 -C6
perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R10O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifIuoroethyl and aryl; R11 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R 1 2 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6
aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
A 1 and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-,
-C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(O)m;
V is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl,
imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl,
d) C1 -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are
replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and
provided that V is not hydrogen if A 1 is S(O)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(O)m;
provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R8 and to A1 is through a substitutable ring carbon; W is a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, triazolyl or
isoquinolinyl;
X is a bond, O, -C(=O)-, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR7-, -NR7C(O)-, -NR7-,
-S(O)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(O)2- or -S(=O)m-; m is 0, 1 or 2;
n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
p is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
q is 0, 1 , 2 or 3;
r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; and t is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The compound according to Claim 1 of the formula B
wherein: from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->O, and the remaining f's are independently CH; R1 is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl; R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl,
c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the
substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O- and -N(R10)2; R3 and R4 are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R1 1 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R1 2O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R4, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is
unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of
R3, R4, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon; R8 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R 10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-,
-N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-;
provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9a and R9b are independently hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trifIuoroethyl and aryl; R11 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6
aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
A 1 and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-,
-C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(O)m; V is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl,
imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl,
d) C 1 -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are
replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and
provided that V is not hydrogen if A 1 is S(O)m and V is not hydrogen if A1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(O)m;
provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R8 and to A1 is through a substitutable ring carbon;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, -NR10-, O or -C(=O)-; m is 0, 1 or 2;
n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; and r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. The compound according to Claim 1 of the formula C:
wherein: from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R 1 is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl; R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R 10)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl,
c) unsubstituted or substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the
substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O- and -N(R 10)2;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN(R 10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R 1 1 OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic. C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R 1 1 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R 1 1 OC(O)-NR10-;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN(R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl ,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R 1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R4, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R4, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R 10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-,
-N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-;
provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9a and R9b are independently hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl; R11 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6
aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
A 1 and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-,
-C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(O)m; V is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl,
imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl, c) aryl,
d) C1 -C20 alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are
replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, and
provided that V is not hydrogen if A 1 is S(O)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(O)m;
provided that when V is heterocycle, attachment of V to R8 and to A1 is through a substitutable ring carbon;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, -NR10-, O or -C(=O)-; m is 0, 1 or 2;
n is independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4, provided that p is not 0 if X is a bond or O; and
r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. The compound according to Claim 3 of the formula D:
wherein: from 1-2 of f(s) are independently N or N->O, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R1 is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R 10)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl,
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl,
heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, or -N(R10)2;
R3 is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R12O-, R 1 1 O(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and
R 1 1OC(O)-NR10-;
R4 is selected from H, halogen, C1 -C6 alkyl and CF3; R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R 1 1 OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R 1 1 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and
R1 1OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6 a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is
unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-,
-N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-;
provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9a and R9b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifιuoroethyl and aryl; R11 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifiuoroethyl; A 1 is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(O)m;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, -NR10-, O or -C(=O)-, n is 0 or 1; provided that n is not 0 if A1 is a bond, O,
-N(R10)- or S(O)m;
m is 0, 1 or 2; and
p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6. The compound according to Claim 4 of the formula E:
wherein: from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->O, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R1 is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl; R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C2-C6 alkenyl,
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl,
heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, or
-N(R 10)2;
R3 is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl, d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-;
R4 is selected from H, halogen, C1 -C6 alkyl and CF3;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6a, R6b, R6C, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is
unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R8 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, C1 -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted by C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R10O-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-,
-N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-;
provided that when R8 is heterocycle, attachment of R8 to V is through a substitutable ring carbon;
R9a and R9b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
R 1 1 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6
aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, -NR10-, O or -C(=O)-; n is 0 or 1;
m is 0, 1 or 2; and
p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4, provided that p is not 0 if X is a bond or O; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. The compound according to Claim 5 of the formula F:
wherein: from 1 -2 of f(s) are independently N or N->O, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R 1 is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or C1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2 or
F,
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl,
heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, or -N(R10)2; R3 is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R1 1S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-, c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; R4 is selected from H, halogen, CH3 and CF3;
R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R 12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C1 0 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 1 2O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-,
-CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is
unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon; R9a and R9b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl; R11 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6
aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
X is a bond, -CH=CH-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, -NR10-, O or -C(=O)-; m is 0, 1 or 2; and
p is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. The compound according to Claim 6 of the formula G:
wherein: from 1-2 of f(s) are independently N or N->0, and the remaining f's are independently CH;
R 1 is selected from: hydrogen, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, R10O-, -N(R10)2, F or C1 -C6 alkyl;
R2 is independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) aryl, heterocycle or C3-C10 cycloalkyl,
c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl,
heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, or -N(R10)2;
R3 is selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl,
R 1 2O-, R 1 1 S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R 10)2NC(O)-,
R 10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein the substituent on the
substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl,
R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and
R1 1OC(O)-NR10-;
R4 is selected from H, halogen, CH3 and CF3; R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e are independently selected from:
a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or
substituted heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, halogen, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, NO2, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R11OC(O)NR10-,
c) unsubstituted C1 -C6 alkyl,
d) substituted C1 -C6 alkyl wherein me substituent on the substituted C1 -C6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R12O-, R11S(O)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, (R10)2NC(O)-, R10 2N-C(NR10)-, CN, R10C(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, and R11OC(O)-NR10-; or any two of R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d and R6e on adjacent carbon atoms are combined to form a diradical selected from -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-CH2-, -(CH2)4- and -(CH2)3-; provided that when R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e is
unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, attachment of R3, R6a, R6b, R6c, R6d or R6e to the 6-membered heteroaryl ring, or phenyl ring respectively, is through a substitutable heterocycle ring carbon;
R9a and R9b are independently hydrogen, halogen, CF3 or methyl; R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl,
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and aryl;
R1 1 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl; R12 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, C1 -C6 aralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted aralkyl, C1 -C6 heteroaralkyl, C1 -C6 substituted heteroaralkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteraryl, C1 -C6 perfluoroalkyl, 2-aminoethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl;
A1 is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, or S(O)m; m is 0, 1 or 2; and
n is 0 or 1 ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. A compound which inhibits farnesyl-protein transferase which is:
1 -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole 1 -(2-Phenyl-N-Oxopyrid-5-yImethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole 1 -(3-Phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole 1-(3-Phenyl-N-Oxopyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
1 -(2-(3-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cyanobenzyl)imidazole
1-(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphepyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4- cy anobenzyl)imidazole
1 -(3-Phenyl-2-Chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole 1 -(3-Phenyl-4-chloropyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazoIe or 1-(2-Amino-3-phenylpyrid-6-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
10. The compound according to Claim 9 which is:
1 -(2-Phenylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-5-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. The compound according to Claim 9 which is:
1 -(2-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyrid-5-ylmethyI)-5-(4- cyanobenzyl)imidazole
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier, and dispersed therein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.
13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier, and dispersed therein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 3.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier, and dispersed therein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 4.
15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier, and dispersed therein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 9.
16. A method for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a
therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
17. A method for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a
therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 13.
18. A method for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a
therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 14.
19. A method for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a
therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 15.
20. A method for treating cancer which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
21. A method for treating cancer which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 13.
22. A method for treating cancer which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 14.
23. A method for treating cancer which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 15.
24. A method for treating neurofibromin benign proliferative disorder which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
25. A method for treating blindness related to retinal vascularization which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
26. A method for treating infections from hepatitis delta and related viruses which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
27. A method for preventing restenosis which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
28. A method for treating polycystic kidney disease which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a
therapeutically effective amount of a composition of Claim 12.
29. A pharmaceutical composition made by combining the compound of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
30. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining a compound of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
EP97920000A 1996-04-03 1997-04-01 Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase Withdrawn EP0891361A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1459296P 1996-04-03 1996-04-03
US14592P 1996-04-03
GBGB9613462.2A GB9613462D0 (en) 1996-06-27 1996-06-27 Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase
GB9613462 1996-06-27
US2264796P 1996-07-24 1996-07-24
US22647P 1996-07-24
GBGB9617277.0A GB9617277D0 (en) 1996-08-16 1996-08-16 Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase
GB9617277 1996-08-16
PCT/US1997/005304 WO1997036901A1 (en) 1996-04-03 1997-04-01 Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase

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