EP0877822A1 - Process for producing liquid pig iron or semifinished steel products from ore - Google Patents

Process for producing liquid pig iron or semifinished steel products from ore

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Publication number
EP0877822A1
EP0877822A1 EP97911044A EP97911044A EP0877822A1 EP 0877822 A1 EP0877822 A1 EP 0877822A1 EP 97911044 A EP97911044 A EP 97911044A EP 97911044 A EP97911044 A EP 97911044A EP 0877822 A1 EP0877822 A1 EP 0877822A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron
sponge
sponge iron
cross
gasification zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97911044A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0877822B1 (en
Inventor
Leopold Werner Kepplinger
Felix Wallner
Johannes-Leopold Schenk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT0196296A external-priority patent/AT404020B/en
Priority claimed from AT0196396A external-priority patent/AT404021B/en
Application filed by Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH, Deutsche Voest Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH filed Critical Voest Alpine Industrienlagenbau GmbH
Publication of EP0877822A1 publication Critical patent/EP0877822A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0877822B1 publication Critical patent/EP0877822B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
    • C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of molten pig iron or steel precursors from ore, which is reduced in at least one reduction zone to partially and / or completely reduced sponge iron, which in a meltdown gasification zone of a meltdown gasifier with the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen while simultaneously forming a reducing gas in a bed made of solid carbon carriers is melted, if necessary after prior reduction.
  • a method of this type is known, for example, from EP-A-0 576 414.
  • the iron sponge partially or completely reduced from piece ore in a shaft furnace reaches the bed formed in the melter gasifier from solid carbon carriers via discharge screws from the shaft furnace, etc. in an approximately uniform distribution.
  • the reducing gas formed in the melt-down gasification zone flows up through the bed of solid carbon carriers having a certain gap volume and melts the iron sponge introduced into the bed.
  • a certain minimum gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers is required for the effectiveness of this method.
  • a method of the type described at the outset is known, for example from EP-A-0 594 557, according to which fine ore is reduced to sponge iron in the fluidized bed method.
  • the partially or completely reduced sponge iron is forced into the bed made of solid carbon carriers, etc. by means of forced conveyance, which is implemented by injectors. in an approximately uniform distribution.
  • the reducing gas formed in the meltdown gasification zone also flows up through the bed of solid carbon carriers with a certain gap volume and melts the sponge iron introduced into the bed. A certain minimum gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers is required for the effectiveness of this method.
  • the gap volume of the bed which is required for even gas flow, is inherently limited. If sponge iron is introduced evenly distributed in such a bed made of solid carbon carriers and the iron sponge is partly rather fine-grained, ie provided with a fine fraction, the gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers is reduced and proper gas flow through the bed is no longer ensured. It can then lead to the formation of a local pass-through channel in the bed, through which the reducing gas that arises in the bed follows flows above, but wide areas of the bed are no longer or no longer adequately gasified.
  • the invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to provide a method of the type described in which an effective reduction gas formation is ensured by a perfect gas flow through the entire bed even with a small gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers and at the same time efficient melting of the iron sponge introduced takes place.
  • the sponge iron is introduced into the melting gasification zone with the formation of circular iron sponge layer areas, the iron sponge advantageously being introduced into the melting gasification zone with the formation of a single iron sponge layer area for each cross-sectional plane, and wherein the iron sponge layer area extends centrally over the cross section and forms an annular cross-sectional area free of the sponge iron.
  • the sponge iron is introduced into the melting gasification zone to form a plurality of iron sponge layer regions lying in one plane, each of which is arranged at a distance from one another are and so result in free cross-sectional areas between the sponge iron layer areas of the sponge iron.
  • the sponge iron prefferably be introduced into the melting gasification zone with the formation of a circular iron sponge layer region lying in one plane, the sponge iron advantageously being formed with the formation of cross-sectional areas free of the sponge iron and lying outside and inside the circular iron sponge layer region Melting gasification zone is introduced.
  • the solid carbon carriers are also preferably introduced discontinuously into the meltdown gasification zone, etc. while reducing the amount or interrupting the introduction during the introduction of the sponge iron.
  • the introduction of solid carbon carriers is expediently stopped during the introduction of the sponge iron, then the introduction of the sponge iron is stopped for a certain period of time and only solid carbon carriers are introduced for a certain period of time, whereupon in turn only sponge iron is introduced over a certain period of time, etc.
  • the sponge iron layer regions are advantageously designed to drop gently towards their edges.
  • the sponge iron is expediently formed from fine ore in the fluidized bed process.
  • the sponge iron is formed from piece ore in a shaft furnace.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 each schematically illustrating a vertical section through a melter gasifier.
  • a reducing gas is generated from solid carbon carriers 2, such as coal, and oxygen-containing gas by gasifying the coal, which is fed via a discharge line 3 to a shaft furnace, not shown, in which lumpy iron ore is reduced to sponge iron 4, for example according to EP -A - 0 576 414.
  • That Reducing gas can also be fed via line 3 to a fluidized bed reactor (not shown in more detail), in which fine ore is reduced to sponge iron in a fluidized bed zone, for example in accordance with EP-A-0 217 331.
  • the melter gasifier 1 has a feed 5 for the solid carbon carriers 2, a feed 6 for oxygen-containing gases, a feed 7 for sponge iron, and optionally feeds for carbon carriers which are liquid or gaseous at room temperature, such as hydrocarbons, and for burnt additives.
  • Molten pig iron 9 and molten slag 10 collect in meltdown gasifier 1 below meltdown gasification zone 8 and are tapped off by tapping 11.
  • the iron ore, reduced to sponge iron 4 in the shaft furnace or in a fluidized bed reactor, is fed to the melter gasifier, possibly together with burned aggregates, via a conveyor device, for example by means of discharge screws, or forced conveyance with the aid of injectors.
  • Both the feed 6 for the solid carbon carrier 2 and the feed 7 for the sponge iron 4 and the discharge 3 for the reducing gas are each arranged in the dome region 12 of the melter gasifier 1 in a plurality and approximately radially symmetrical arrangement.
  • the sponge iron 4 is charged discontinuously, embedded iron sponge layer regions 14 being formed in a bed 13, formed from the solid carbon carriers 2, so that the iron sponge in the bed 13 made of solid carbon carriers 2 is no longer evenly distributed, but instead forms intermediate layers.
  • These iron sponge layer regions 14, which move continuously downward in the bed 13 as the gasification process of the solid carbon carriers 2 progresses, can, as shown in FIG.
  • the sponge iron layer regions 14 form cross-sectional regions 15 free of sponge iron both outside and within these annular regions per cross-sectional plane.
  • the reducing gas formed during coal gasification can thus flow well through the porous bed 13 formed by solid carbon supports 2 and flows at the sponge iron layer regions 14 by melting them, as illustrated by the arrows 16, over.
  • the cross-sectional areas 15 free of sponge iron 4 thus form well gas-permeable windows, so that effective coal gasification and thus sufficient reduction gas formation is ensured. Due to the strong reduction gas formation, the iron sponge 4 is also rapidly heated and melted.
  • the sponge iron layer regions 14 are preferably layered gently sloping towards their edges 17, so that during the downward migration of the layer regions 14 the diameter of the layer regions 14 is reduced by the melting process and also in the lower narrower region of the melting gasifier 1 there is sufficient gasification of the Bed 13 made of solid carbon supports 2 is guaranteed or an optional desired enlargement of the free cross-sectional areas 15 is given for better gas flow.
  • the iron sponge layer regions 14 can also be made circular in plan view, which ensures a greater edge gasification of the bed 13 in the upper part of the melting gasification zone 8. This results in faster heating and degassing of the bed 13 from solid carbon supports 2.
  • annular layer regions 14 are provided in the lower region of the melting gasification zone 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

In a method of producing molten pig iron (9) or steel pre-products from lump ore which in at least one reduction zone is reduced to partially and/or completely reduced sponge iron (4) in a shaft furnace, the sponge iron (4) is melted down in a melt-down gasifying zone (8) of a melter gasifier (1) under supply of carbon-containing material (2) and oxygen and while simultaneously forming a reducing gas. To ensure that there will be a specific gap volume in the bed (13) of solid carbon carriers (2) even when charging fine-particle sponge iron (14) and hence that the bed (13) of solid carbon carriers (2) will be thoroughly flown through by gas, at least the sponge iron (4) is charged to the melt-down gasifying zone (8) discontinually, under formation of areas (14) of piled-up sponge iron which are embedded in the bed (13) of carbon carriers (2) and which are superposed and which are separated by solid carbon carriers (2), wherein each of the areas (14) of piled-up sponge iron while sparing a cross section zone (15) of the melt-down gasifying zone (8) extends over the cross section of the same and wherein the reducing gas forming the melt-down gasifying zone (8) flows past the areas (14) of piled-up sponge iron under melting of the same and upwards through the cross section zones (15) that are free from sponge iron and formed from carbon carriers (2), and flows through these zones.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von flüssigem Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten aus ErzProcess for the production of molten pig iron or steel precursors from ore
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von flüssigem Roheisen oder Stahlvorprodukten aus Erz, das in mindestens einer Reduktionszone zu teil- und/oder fertigreduziertem Eisenschwamm reduziert wird, der in einer Einschmelzvergasungszone eines Einschmelzvergasers unter Zuführung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Material und Sauerstoff bei gleichzeitiger Bildung eines Reduktionsgases in einem aus festen Kohlenstoffträgern gebildeten Bett eingeschmolzen wird, gegebenenfalls nach vorheriger Fertigreduktion.The invention relates to a process for the production of molten pig iron or steel precursors from ore, which is reduced in at least one reduction zone to partially and / or completely reduced sponge iron, which in a meltdown gasification zone of a meltdown gasifier with the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen while simultaneously forming a reducing gas in a bed made of solid carbon carriers is melted, if necessary after prior reduction.
Ein Verfahren dieser Art ist beispielsweise aus der EP-A - 0 576 414 bekannt. Hierbei gelangt der aus Stückerz in einem Schachtofen teil- bzw. fertigreduzierte Eisenschwamm über Austragschnecken vom Schachtofen in das im Einschmelzvergaser aus festen Kohlenstoffträgern gebildete Bett, u.zw. in etwa gleichförmiger Verteilung. Das in der Einschmelzvergasungszone gebildete Reduktionsgas strömt durch das ein bestimmtes Lückenvolumen aufweisende Bett aus festen Kohlenstoffträgern nach oben und schmilzt den in das Bett eingebrachten Eisenschwamm auf. Für die Effektivität dieses Verfahrens ist ein bestimmtes Mindest-Lückenvolumen des Bettes aus festen Kohlenstoffträgern erforderlich.A method of this type is known, for example, from EP-A-0 576 414. Here, the iron sponge partially or completely reduced from piece ore in a shaft furnace reaches the bed formed in the melter gasifier from solid carbon carriers via discharge screws from the shaft furnace, etc. in an approximately uniform distribution. The reducing gas formed in the melt-down gasification zone flows up through the bed of solid carbon carriers having a certain gap volume and melts the iron sponge introduced into the bed. A certain minimum gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers is required for the effectiveness of this method.
Weiters ist ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art beispielsweise aus der EP-A - 0 594 557 bekannt, gemäß dem Feinerz im Wirbelschichtverfahren zu Eisenschwamm reduziert wird. Hierbei gelangt der teil- bzw. fertigreduzierte Eisenschwamm über eine Zwangsförderung, die durch Injektoren verwirklicht ist, in das aus festen Kohlenstoffträgern gebildete Bett, u.zw. in etwa gleichförmiger Verteilung. Das in der Einschmelzvergasungszone gebildete Reduktionsgas strömt auch hier durch das ein bestimmtes Lückenvolumen aufweisende Bett aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem nach oben und schmilzt den in das Bett eingebrachten Eisenschwamm auf. Für die Effektivität dieses Verfahrens ist ein bestimmtes Mindest-Lückenvolumen des Bettes aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem erforderlich.Furthermore, a method of the type described at the outset is known, for example from EP-A-0 594 557, according to which fine ore is reduced to sponge iron in the fluidized bed method. Here, the partially or completely reduced sponge iron is forced into the bed made of solid carbon carriers, etc. by means of forced conveyance, which is implemented by injectors. in an approximately uniform distribution. The reducing gas formed in the meltdown gasification zone also flows up through the bed of solid carbon carriers with a certain gap volume and melts the sponge iron introduced into the bed. A certain minimum gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers is required for the effectiveness of this method.
Bei der Verwendung von festen Kohlenstoffträgem mit einem breiten Komspektrum oder mit einem Feinanteil ist das Lückenvolumen des Bettes, das für eine gleichmäßige Durchgasung erforderlich ist, von Haus aus beschränkt. Wird Eisenschwamm in einem solchen Bett aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem gleichmäßig verteilt eingebracht und ist der Eisenschwamm noch dazu zum Teil eher feinkörnig, d.h. mit einem Feinanteil versehen, wird das Lückenvolumen des Bettes aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem verringert und es ist eine einwandfreie Durchgasung des Bettes nicht mehr sichergestellt. Es kann dann zur Bildung eines örtlichen Durchzμgskanals im Bett kommen, durch den das im Bett entstehende Reduktionsgas nach oben strömt, wobei jedoch weite Bereiche des Bettes nicht mehr bzw. nicht mehr hinreichend durchgast werden.When using solid carbon carriers with a wide range of comets or with a fine fraction, the gap volume of the bed, which is required for even gas flow, is inherently limited. If sponge iron is introduced evenly distributed in such a bed made of solid carbon carriers and the iron sponge is partly rather fine-grained, ie provided with a fine fraction, the gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers is reduced and proper gas flow through the bed is no longer ensured. It can then lead to the formation of a local pass-through channel in the bed, through which the reducing gas that arises in the bed follows flows above, but wide areas of the bed are no longer or no longer adequately gasified.
Die Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile und Schwierigkeiten und stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, bei dem eine effektive Reduktionsgasbildung durch eine einwandfreie Durchgasung des gesamten Bettes auch bei geringem Lückenvolumen des Bettes aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem sichergestellt ist und gleichzeitig ein effizientes Aufschmelzen des eingebrachten Eisenschwamms stattfindet. Diese Aufgabe wird erfmdungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zumindest der Eisenschwamm im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik nicht mehr gleichmäßig verteilt in das Bett aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem eingebracht wird, sondern diskontinuierlich unter Ausbildung von im Bett aus Kohlenstoffträgem eingebetteten, übereinanderliegenden und durch feste Kohlenstoffträger getrennten Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen in die Einschmelzvergasungszone eingebracht wird, wobei sich die Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche jeweils unter Freilassung eines Querschnittsbereiches der Einschmelzvergasungszone über den Querschnitt derselben erstrecken und wobei in der Einschmelzvergasungszone entstehendes Reduktionsgas an den Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen unter Aufschmelzen derselben vorbei durch die vom Eisenschwamm freien und von Kohlenstoffträgem gebildeten Querschnittsbereiche nach oben strömt und diese durchgast.-The invention aims to avoid these disadvantages and difficulties and has as its object to provide a method of the type described in which an effective reduction gas formation is ensured by a perfect gas flow through the entire bed even with a small gap volume of the bed made of solid carbon carriers and at the same time efficient melting of the iron sponge introduced takes place. This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in that, in contrast to the prior art, at least the sponge iron is no longer uniformly distributed in the bed of solid carbon supports, but discontinuously with the formation of iron sponge layer regions embedded in the bed of carbon supports, one above the other and separated by solid carbon supports is introduced into the meltdown gasification zone, the iron sponge layer regions each extending over the cross section thereof leaving a cross-sectional area of the meltdown gasification zone free, and wherein reducing gas produced in the meltdown gasification zone past the iron sponge layer areas while melting them through the cross-sectional areas free of sponge iron and formed by carbon carriers flows upwards and this gas.
Hierdurch kommt es zu keiner Verkleinerung des Lückenvolumens durch den eingebrachten Eisenschwamm, sodaß das Bett aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem selbst bei einem geringen Lückenvolumen und trotz Chargieren von staubförmigem Eisenschwamm stets gut durchgast werden kann. Es verbleiben somit zwischen den Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen gut durchgasbare Bereiche des Bettes aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem, so daß eine ausreichende Reduktionsgasbildung durch Vergasung der Kohlenstoffträger in jedem Fall sichergestellt ist.As a result, there is no reduction in the gap volume due to the iron sponge introduced, so that the bed made of solid carbon supports can always be well gasified even with a small gap volume and despite charging dust-like iron sponge. This leaves areas of the bed made of solid carbon carriers which are readily gas-permeable between the iron sponge layer regions, so that sufficient reduction gas formation by gasification of the carbon carriers is ensured in any case.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante wird der Eisenschwamm unter Ausbildung kreisförmiger Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche in die Einschmelzvergasungszone eingebracht, wobei vorteilhaft der Eisenschwamm unter Ausbildung eines je Querschnittsebene einzigen Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiches in die Einschmelzvergasungszone eingebracht wird, und wobei sich der Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereich zentral über den Querschnitt erstreckt und einen kreisringförmigen vom Eisenschwamm freien Querschnittsbereich bildet.According to a preferred embodiment variant, the sponge iron is introduced into the melting gasification zone with the formation of circular iron sponge layer areas, the iron sponge advantageously being introduced into the melting gasification zone with the formation of a single iron sponge layer area for each cross-sectional plane, and wherein the iron sponge layer area extends centrally over the cross section and forms an annular cross-sectional area free of the sponge iron.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante wird der Eisenschwamm in die Einschmelzvergasungszone unter Ausbildung mehrerer in einer Ebene liegender Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche eingebracht, die jeweils in Distanz zueinander angeordnet sind und so zwischen den Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen vom Eisenschwamm freie Querschnittsbereiche ergeben.According to a further preferred embodiment variant, the sponge iron is introduced into the melting gasification zone to form a plurality of iron sponge layer regions lying in one plane, each of which is arranged at a distance from one another are and so result in free cross-sectional areas between the sponge iron layer areas of the sponge iron.
Es ist weiters auch möglich, daß der Eisenschwamm unter Ausbildung eines in einer Ebene liegenden kreisringförmigen Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiches in die Einschmelzvergasungszone eingebracht wird, wobei vorteilhaft der Eisenschwamm unter Ausbildung von vom Eisenschwamm freien und außerhalb und innerhalb des kreisringförmigen Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiches liegenden Querschnittsb ereichen in die Einschmelzvergasungszone eingebracht wird.It is also possible for the sponge iron to be introduced into the melting gasification zone with the formation of a circular iron sponge layer region lying in one plane, the sponge iron advantageously being formed with the formation of cross-sectional areas free of the sponge iron and lying outside and inside the circular iron sponge layer region Melting gasification zone is introduced.
Vorzugsweise werden zusätzlich auch die festen Kohlenstoffträger diskontinuierlich in die Einschmelzvergasungszone eingebracht, u.zw. unter Verminderung der Menge oder Unterbrechung des Einbringens während des Einbringens des Eisenschwammes.The solid carbon carriers are also preferably introduced discontinuously into the meltdown gasification zone, etc. while reducing the amount or interrupting the introduction during the introduction of the sponge iron.
Zweckmäßig wird während des Einbringens des Eisenschwamms das Einbringen von festen Kohlenstoffträgem gestoppt, anschließend über einen bestimmten Zeitraum das Einbringen des Eisenschwamms gestoppt und über einen bestimmten Zeitraum allein feste Kohlenstoffträger eingebracht, worauf wiederum alleine Eisenschwamm über einen bestimmten Zeitraum eingebracht wird, u.s.f.The introduction of solid carbon carriers is expediently stopped during the introduction of the sponge iron, then the introduction of the sponge iron is stopped for a certain period of time and only solid carbon carriers are introduced for a certain period of time, whereupon in turn only sponge iron is introduced over a certain period of time, etc.
Zur Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Durchgasung des Bettes aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem im unteren Bereich der Einschmelzvergasungszone werden vorteilhaft die Eisenschwamm- Schichtbereiche zu ihren Rändern hin flach abfallend ausgebildet.To ensure sufficient gas flow through the bed of solid carbon carriers in the lower region of the melt-down gasification zone, the sponge iron layer regions are advantageously designed to drop gently towards their edges.
Zweckmäßig wird der Eisenschwamm im Wirbelschichtverfahren aus Feinerz gebildet.The sponge iron is expediently formed from fine ore in the fluidized bed process.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird der Eisenschwamm in einem Schachtofen aus Stückerz gebildet.According to a further embodiment, the sponge iron is formed from piece ore in a shaft furnace.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert, wobei die Figuren 1 und 2 jeweils einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Einschmelzvergaser in schematischer Weise veranschaulichen.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments, with FIGS. 1 and 2 each schematically illustrating a vertical section through a melter gasifier.
In einem Einschmelzvergaser 1 wird aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2, wie Kohle, und sauerstoffhältigem Gas durch Vergasung der Kohle ein Reduktionsgas erzeugt, das über eine Ableitung 3 einem nicht näher dargestellten Schachtofen zugeführt wird, in dem stückiges Eisenerz zu Eisenschwamm 4 reduziert wird, z.B. gemäß EP-A - 0 576 414. Das Reduktionsgas kann auch über die Ableitung 3 einem nicht näher dargestellten Wirbelschichtreaktor zugeführt werden, in dem Feinerz in einer Wirbelschichtzone zu Eisenschwamm reduziert wird, z.B. gemäß EP-A - 0 217 331.In a smelting gasifier 1, a reducing gas is generated from solid carbon carriers 2, such as coal, and oxygen-containing gas by gasifying the coal, which is fed via a discharge line 3 to a shaft furnace, not shown, in which lumpy iron ore is reduced to sponge iron 4, for example according to EP -A - 0 576 414. That Reducing gas can also be fed via line 3 to a fluidized bed reactor (not shown in more detail), in which fine ore is reduced to sponge iron in a fluidized bed zone, for example in accordance with EP-A-0 217 331.
Der Einschmelzvergaser 1 weist eine Zuführung 5 für die festen Kohlenstoffträger 2, eine Zuführung 6 für sauerstoffhältige Gase, eine Zuführung 7 für Eisenschwamm sowie gegebenenfalls Zuführungen für bei Raumtemperatur flüssige oder gasförmige Kohlenstoffträger, wie Kohlenwasserstoffe, sowie für gebrannte Zuschläge auf. In dem Einschmelzvergaser 1 sammeln sich unterhalb der Einschmelzvergasungszone 8 schmelzflüssiges Roheisen 9 und schmelzflüssige Schlacke 10, die über einen Abstich 1 1 abgestochen werden.The melter gasifier 1 has a feed 5 for the solid carbon carriers 2, a feed 6 for oxygen-containing gases, a feed 7 for sponge iron, and optionally feeds for carbon carriers which are liquid or gaseous at room temperature, such as hydrocarbons, and for burnt additives. Molten pig iron 9 and molten slag 10 collect in meltdown gasifier 1 below meltdown gasification zone 8 and are tapped off by tapping 11.
Das im Schachtofen oder in einem Wirbelschichtreaktor zu Eisenschwamm 4 reduzierte Eisenerz wird, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit gebrannten Zuschlägen, über eine Fördereinrichtung dem Einschmelzvergaser zugeführt, beispielsweise mittels Austragsschnecken, oder eine Zwangsförderung mit Hilfe von Injektoren. Sowohl die Zuführung 6 für die festen Kohlenstoffträger 2 als auch die Zuführung 7 für den Eisenschwamm 4 und die Ableitung 3 für das Reduktionsgas sind im Dombereich 12 des Einschmelzvergasers 1 jeweils zu mehreren und in etwa radialsymmetrischer Anordnung angeordnet.The iron ore, reduced to sponge iron 4 in the shaft furnace or in a fluidized bed reactor, is fed to the melter gasifier, possibly together with burned aggregates, via a conveyor device, for example by means of discharge screws, or forced conveyance with the aid of injectors. Both the feed 6 for the solid carbon carrier 2 and the feed 7 for the sponge iron 4 and the discharge 3 for the reducing gas are each arranged in the dome region 12 of the melter gasifier 1 in a plurality and approximately radially symmetrical arrangement.
Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Chargierung des Eisenschwamms 4 diskontinuierlich, wobei in einem Bett 13, gebildet aus den festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2, eingebettete Eisenschwamm- Schichtbereiche 14 gebildet werden, sodaß der Eisenschwamm im Bett 13 aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2 nicht mehr gleichmäßig verteilt ist, sondern Zwischenlagen bildet. Diese Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche 14, die im Bett 13 mit fortschreitendem Vergasungsprozeß der festen Kohlenstoffträger 2 kontinuierlich nach unten wandern, können, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, kreisringförmig im Bett 13 aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2 zu liegen kommen. Hierbei bilden die Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche 14 sowohl außerhalb als auch innerhalb dieser kreisringförmigen Bereiche je Querschnittsebene vom Eisenschwamm freie Querschnittsbereiche 15. Das bei der Kohlevergasung entstehende Reduktionsgas kann somit das poröse, von festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2 gebildete Bett 13 gut durchströmen und strömt an den Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen 14 unter Aufschmelzung derselben, wie durch die Pfeile 16 veranschaulicht, vorbei. Die von Eisenschwamm 4 freien Querschnittsbereiche 15 bilden somit gut durchgasbare Fenster, sodaß eine effektive Kohlevergasung, und damit eine ausreichende Reduktionsgasbildung sichergestellt ist. Durch die starke Reduktionsgasbildung erfolgt auch ein schnelles Aufheizen und Schmelzen des Eisenschwamms 4. Die Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche 14 sind vorzugsweise zu ihren Rändern 17 flach abfallend geschichtet, so daß während des Nach-unten-Wandems der Schichtbereiche 14 der Durchmesser der Schichtbereiche 14 durch den Aufschmelzvorgang verkleinert wird und auch im unteren engeren Bereich des Einschmelzvergasers 1 eine ausreichende Durchgasung des Bettes 13 aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2 gewährleistet ist bzw. eine gegebenenfalls gewünschte Vergrößerung der freien Querschnittsbereiche 15 zwecks besserer Durchgasung gegeben ist.According to the invention, the sponge iron 4 is charged discontinuously, embedded iron sponge layer regions 14 being formed in a bed 13, formed from the solid carbon carriers 2, so that the iron sponge in the bed 13 made of solid carbon carriers 2 is no longer evenly distributed, but instead forms intermediate layers. These iron sponge layer regions 14, which move continuously downward in the bed 13 as the gasification process of the solid carbon carriers 2 progresses, can, as shown in FIG. In this case, the sponge iron layer regions 14 form cross-sectional regions 15 free of sponge iron both outside and within these annular regions per cross-sectional plane. The reducing gas formed during coal gasification can thus flow well through the porous bed 13 formed by solid carbon supports 2 and flows at the sponge iron layer regions 14 by melting them, as illustrated by the arrows 16, over. The cross-sectional areas 15 free of sponge iron 4 thus form well gas-permeable windows, so that effective coal gasification and thus sufficient reduction gas formation is ensured. Due to the strong reduction gas formation, the iron sponge 4 is also rapidly heated and melted. The sponge iron layer regions 14 are preferably layered gently sloping towards their edges 17, so that during the downward migration of the layer regions 14 the diameter of the layer regions 14 is reduced by the melting process and also in the lower narrower region of the melting gasifier 1 there is sufficient gasification of the Bed 13 made of solid carbon supports 2 is guaranteed or an optional desired enlargement of the free cross-sectional areas 15 is given for better gas flow.
Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, können die Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche 14 auch in Draufsicht kreisförmig gestaltet werden, was im oberen Teil der Einschmelzvergasungszone 8 eine stärkere Randvergasung des Bettes 13 sicherstellt. Hierdurch erfolgt ein schnelleres Aufheizen und Entgasen des Bettes 13 aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem 2.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the iron sponge layer regions 14 can also be made circular in plan view, which ensures a greater edge gasification of the bed 13 in the upper part of the melting gasification zone 8. This results in faster heating and degassing of the bed 13 from solid carbon supports 2.
Je nach Bedarf können kreisförmig und kreisringförmig eingebrachte Eisenschwamm- Schichtbereiche 14 gebildet werden, sodaß ein optimaler Vergasungs- und Aufschmelzungsbetrieb sichergestellt ist. Gemäß Fig. 2 sind im unteren Bereich der Einschmelzvergasungszone 8 kreisringförmige Schichtbereiche 14 vorgesehen.Depending on requirements, circular and annular iron sponge layer regions 14 can be formed, so that optimal gasification and melting operation is ensured. 2, annular layer regions 14 are provided in the lower region of the melting gasification zone 8.
Zum diskontinuierlichen Einbringen des Eisenschwamms 4 und der festen Kohlenstoffträger 2 sind verschiedene Vorrichtungen denkbar, beispielsweise ein im Dombereich 12 des Einschmelzvergasers 1 angeordneter Verteilschirm mit von außen zu betätigender Drehklappe oder ein Glockenverschluß mit verstellbarem Schlagpanzer oder eine Drehschurre.Various devices are conceivable for the discontinuous introduction of the sponge iron 4 and the solid carbon carriers 2, for example a distribution screen arranged in the dome area 12 of the melter gasifier 1 with a rotary flap to be operated from the outside or a bell lock with an adjustable impact armor or a rotating chute.
Einrichtungen dieser Art sind beispielsweise von der Hochofentechnik (vgl. Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, Band 1 O/Eisen Abb. 62A, 62D und 63) bekannt, wobei jedoch bei Hochofenchargiereinrichtungen, mit denen ein schichtweiser Aufbau innerhalb des Hochofens erzielbar ist, stets über den ganzen Querschnitt sich durchgehend erstreckende Schichten der unterschiedlichen Materialien, d.h. Zuschlagstoffe, und des Eisenerzes gebildet werden, wogegen erfindungsgemäß die Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche 14 sich nicht über den gesamten Querschnitt erstrecken dürfen. Devices of this type are known, for example, from blast furnace technology (cf.Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, volume 10 / iron, Figs. 62A, 62D and 63), but always with blast furnace charging devices with which a layered build-up within the blast furnace can be achieved the entire cross-section continuously extending layers of different materials, ie Aggregates, and the iron ore are formed, whereas, according to the invention, the iron sponge layer regions 14 must not extend over the entire cross section.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von flüssigem Roheisen (9) oder Stahlvorprodukten aus Erz, das in mindestens einer Reduktionszone zu teil- und/oder fertigreduziertem Eisenschwamm (4) reduziert wird, der in einer Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eines Einschmelzvergasers (1) unter Zuführung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Material und Sauerstoff bei gleichzeitiger Bildung eines Reduktionsgases in einem aus festen Kohlenstoffträgem (2) gebildeten Bett (13) eingeschmolzen wird, gegebenenfalls nach vorheriger Fertigreduktion, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest der Eisenschwamm (4) diskontinuierlich unter Ausbildung von im Bett (13) aus Kohlenstoffträgem (2) eingebetteten, übereinanderliegenden und durch feste Kohlenstoffträger (2) getrennten Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen (14) in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eingebracht wird, wobei sich die Eisenschwamm- Schichtbereiche (14) jeweils unter Freilassung eines Querschnittsbereiches (15) der Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) über den Querschnitt derselben erstrecken und wobei in der Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) entstehendes Reduktionsgas an den Eisenschwamm- Schichtbereichen (14) unter Aufschmelzen derselben vorbei durch die vom Eisenschwamm freien und von Kohlenstoffträgern (2) gebildeten Querschnittsbereiche (15) nach oben strömt und diese durchgast.1. A process for the production of molten pig iron (9) or steel precursors from ore, which is reduced in at least one reduction zone to partially and / or completely reduced iron sponge (4), which in a meltdown gasification zone (8) of a meltdown gasifier (1) with the addition of carbon-containing material and oxygen with simultaneous formation of a reducing gas in a bed (13) formed from solid carbon carriers (2) is melted, if necessary after prior reduction, characterized in that at least the sponge iron (4) discontinuously with the formation of in the bed (13) Carbon carriers (2) embedded, one above the other and separated by solid carbon carriers (2) separated iron sponge layer areas (14) in the melting gasification zone (8), the iron sponge layer areas (14) each leaving a cross-sectional area (15) of the melting gasification zone ( 8) across the cross section of the same extend and wherein in the melting gasification zone (8) resulting reducing gas flows past the iron sponge layer regions (14) while melting them through the cross-sectional regions (15) free of sponge iron and formed by carbon carriers (2) and gasified by them.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm (4) unter Ausbildung kreisförmiger Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche (14) in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eingebracht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sponge iron (4) is introduced with formation of circular sponge iron layer regions (14) in the melting gasification zone (8).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm unter Ausbildung eines je Querschnittsebene einzigen Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiches (14) in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eingebracht wird, wobei sich der Eisenschwamm- Schichtbereich (14) zentral über den Querschnitt erstreckt und einen kreisringförmigen vom Eisenschwamm (4) freien Querschnittsbereich (15) bildet.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sponge iron is introduced to form a cross-sectional single iron sponge layer area (14) in the melting gasification zone (8), the sponge iron layer area (14) extending centrally over the cross section and forms an annular cross-sectional area (15) free of the sponge iron (4).
4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm (4) in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) unter Ausbildung mehrerer in einer Ebene liegender Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche (14) eingebracht wird, die jeweils in Distanz zueinander angeordnet sind und so zwischen den Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereichen (14) vom Eisenschwamm (4) freie Querschnittsbereiche (15) ergeben.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sponge iron (4) is introduced into the melting gasification zone (8) to form a plurality of in-plane iron sponge layer regions (14), each arranged at a distance from one another and thus result in free cross-sectional areas (15) between the iron sponge layer areas (14) of the iron sponge (4).
5. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm (4) unter Ausbildung eines in einer Ebene liegenden kreisringförmigen Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiches (14) in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eingebracht wird.5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sponge iron (4) to form a lying in one plane circular iron sponge layer area (14) is introduced into the melting gasification zone (8).
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm (4) unter Ausbildung von vom Eisenschwamm (4) freien und außerhalb und innerhalb des kreisringförmigen Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiches ( 14) liegenden Querschnittsbereichen (15) in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eingebracht wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the sponge iron (4) with the formation of sponge iron (4) free and outside and inside the annular sponge iron layer region (14) lying cross-sectional areas (15) is introduced into the melting gasification zone (8) .
7. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich auch die festen Kohlenstoffträger (2) diskontinuierlich in die Einschmelzvergasungszone (8) eingebracht werden, u.zw. unter Verminderung der Menge oder Unterbrechung des Einbringens während des Einbringens des Eisenschwammes.7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that additionally the solid carbon carriers (2) are introduced discontinuously into the melting gasification zone (8), etc. while reducing the amount or interrupting the introduction during the introduction of the sponge iron.
8. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Einbringens des Eisenschwamms (4) das Einbringen von festen Kohlenstoffträgem gestoppt wird, anschließend über einen bestimmten Zeitraum das Einbringen des Eisenschwamms gestoppt und über einen bestimmten Zeitraum allein feste Kohlenstoffträger (2) eingebracht werden, worauf wiedemm alleine Eisenschwamm (4) über einen bestimmten Zeitraum eingebracht wird, u.s.f.8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the introduction of solid carbon supports is stopped during the introduction of the sponge iron (4), then the introduction of the sponge iron is stopped over a certain period of time and only fixed over a certain period of time Carbon carrier (2) are introduced, whereupon only iron sponge (4) is introduced over a certain period of time, etc.
9. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eisenschwamm-Schichtbereiche (14) zu ihren Rändern (17) hin flach abfallend ausgebildet werden.9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sponge iron layer areas (14) to their edges (17) are formed gently sloping.
10. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm im Wirbelschichtverfahren aus Feinerz gebildet wird.10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sponge iron is formed in the fluidized bed process from fine ore.
11. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenschwamm in einem Schachtofen aus Stückerz gebildet wird. 11. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sponge iron is formed in a shaft furnace from piece ore.
EP97911044A 1996-11-08 1997-11-05 Process for producing liquid pig iron or semifinished steel products from ore Expired - Lifetime EP0877822B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

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AT1962/96 1996-11-08
AT0196296A AT404020B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Process for the production of liquid pig iron or primary steel products from lump ore
AT196296 1996-11-08
AT1963/96 1996-11-08
AT196396 1996-11-08
AT0196396A AT404021B (en) 1996-11-08 1996-11-08 Process for the production of liquid pig iron or primary steel products from fine ore
PCT/AT1997/000237 WO1998021370A1 (en) 1996-11-08 1997-11-05 Process for producing liquid pig iron or semifinished steel products from ore

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AT407052B (en) * 1998-08-13 2000-12-27 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PIG IRON
WO2004067784A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2004-08-12 Jfe Steel Corporation Process for producing sponge iron and reduced iron powder, sponge iron, and charging apparatus

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SE457265B (en) * 1981-06-10 1988-12-12 Sumitomo Metal Ind PROCEDURE AND ESTABLISHMENT FOR PREPARATION OF THANKS
AT382390B (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-02-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID PIPE IRON OR STEEL PRE-PRODUCTS
DE3535572A1 (en) 1985-10-03 1987-04-16 Korf Engineering Gmbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING HARD IRON FROM FINE ORE
JPS6465212A (en) * 1987-09-03 1989-03-10 Kobe Steel Ltd Method for operating blast furnace
AT401777B (en) 1992-05-21 1996-11-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID GUT IRON OR LIQUID STEEL PRE-PRODUCTS
AT404735B (en) 1992-10-22 1999-02-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID PIPE IRON OR LIQUID STEEL PRE-PRODUCTS
JPH06271908A (en) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-27 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for charging raw material in multi-batches into bell-less blast furnace
JPH06279819A (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-10-04 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for controlling pilling of charged raw material in blast furnace
JP3511784B2 (en) * 1996-03-18 2004-03-29 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Raw material charging method for vertical iron scrap melting furnace

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