EP0873855A2 - Method and apparatus for manufacturing moulded articles in hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or similar - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for manufacturing moulded articles in hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or similar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0873855A2
EP0873855A2 EP98103085A EP98103085A EP0873855A2 EP 0873855 A2 EP0873855 A2 EP 0873855A2 EP 98103085 A EP98103085 A EP 98103085A EP 98103085 A EP98103085 A EP 98103085A EP 0873855 A2 EP0873855 A2 EP 0873855A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stamp
force
ram
press
punch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98103085A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0873855A3 (en
EP0873855B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Hinzpeter
Ingo Schmidt
Ulrich Gathmann
Jörg Reitberger
Klaus-Peter Preuss
Alexander Oldenburg
Joachim Greve
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Fette GmbH
Original Assignee
Wilhelm Fette GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0873855A3 publication Critical patent/EP0873855A3/en
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Publication of EP0873855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0873855B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/0094—Press load monitoring means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
    • B30B15/22—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses controlling the degree of pressure applied by the ram during the pressing stroke
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacture of compacts made of hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like according to the preamble of the claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object a method for the production of compacts from hard metal, ceramic, Specify sintered metal or the like in which a correction on the compact already during the pressing process can be made.
  • a device for performing the invention The method is specified in claim 2.
  • At least two position sensors provided, namely for the at least one press ram and the at least one further ram or one Section of the press ram, which their measured values each put on a tax calculator. Beyond that Press die or a section of the press die Force sensor assigned. Its values are also in the Tax calculator given.
  • the position sensors should ensure that e.g. at an upper and a lower stamp this a predetermined Approach position in the die to the given geometry to produce the compact and its dimensions to adhere to. Due to different filling can however, there are fluctuations in density that are avoided have to. Therefore, the invention provides another press ram or a press die section in front of the Control computer is operated when during each Pressing process a deviation from the desired density value is determined.
  • the control computer now runs in the Compression phase for each compact, a target-actual value comparison the measured force and displacement values with the target curve by.
  • the regulation applies and by actuating the further stamp or a stamp section becomes the one applied by the assigned drive Force component increased or decreased, i.e. of the corresponding stamp section becomes relative to the other Stamp or set back or to the counter surface.
  • the density of the compact is optimized while the dimensional accuracy of the compact through compliance the stamp path is reached.
  • either the top or the lower stamp of a press in coaxial sections divided, with the inner or outer stamp for the Optimization of density is used, depending on which Area of the compact it is not critical what distance they e.g. to the opposite surface.
  • a cutting insert according to the invention Process will be conveniently the inner lower stamp for density optimization used because the outer bottom surface of the insert opposite the top of the insert or Cutting edge must take a precise distance.
  • This outer, e.g. annular floor surface then forms the seat when clamping the insert.
  • the inner surface the opposite, the bottom of a corresponding recess forms, can be any distance within limits to the cutting edges.
  • a tool 10 of a press is shown with a die 12, an upper stamp 14, a lower stamp 16, which consists of an outer stamp 18 and a coaxial for this purpose arranged inner stamp 20 is composed.
  • the stamps 14, 18 and 20 are from a separate drive, a hydraulic cylinder, for example (see later on Fig. 4).
  • a mandrel 22 guided into a corresponding e.g. immersed central bore 24 of the upper punch 14.
  • the cutting edge can be seen at 28. It will formed that the upper stamp 14 over a predetermined Immerse the distance (immersion depth) in the bore of the die 12. Below that, the die hole has a conical one Section to form the clearance angle.
  • the total height of the compact 26 is denoted by h. It is determined by the immersion depth of the upper punch 14 and the immersion depth of the outer stamp 18. To a sharp To obtain cutting edge 28, the immersion depth is required of the upper stamp 14, i.e. of the Upper stamp 14 must be exact to the start of the clearance angle Immerse (point 28) in the die 12.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2d there are movement phases during manufacture of the compact 26 shown.
  • the lower punches 18, 20 the mold cavity 30 of the die 12 at the bottom, the mandrel 22 extending up to the top the die 12 extends.
  • the upper stamp 14 is located above the die 12 to the powder To be able to fill the starting material into the mold cavity 30.
  • the lower and upper stamps are used moved towards each other, as shown in Fig. 2b.
  • How recognizable two inner and outer stamps 20, 18 are common moved, but not synchronized, rather the Inner stamp 20 moved by a certain amount as the outer stamp 18.
  • FIG. 2c amplified which roughly reflects the state as he is also shown in Fig. 1.
  • the compact 26 is completed.
  • the upper stamp 14 is again in the Starting position returned, and the lower stamps 18, 20 push the compact 26 out of the die 12.
  • the stamp 14, 18, 20 are shown schematically omitting the die 12. It can be seen that they are connected to the pistons of hydraulic cylinders 32, 34 and 36, respectively. With the help of a sensor 38 or 40, the pressing forces of the cylinders 32 and 36 are measured. The output signals of the sensors 38, 40 go into one Control computer 42. The stamps 14, 18 and 20 are each a position sensor 44, 48 and 46 assigned, the output signals also get into the control computer 42. With the help of sensors 38, 40, the stamps 14, 18 applied forces monitored. With the help of the sensors 44, 46 and 48 are the paths of the stamps 14, 20 and 18 monitors.
  • the Stamp 14 and 18 controlled so that they the respective immersion depth cover until you reach a precise End position.
  • the Press force is known to be an indication of whether the desired Density of the material to be pressed at the respective Position of the stamp is reached.
  • the forces and thus also the deviations are associated with the Force sensor 38 or 40 measured. They are dashed in Fig. 3 indicated at 52. Such a deviation occurs on, the inner stamp 20 will be over its corresponding Cylinder 34 moves, either in the direction of the upper stamp 14 or away from it, depending on whether an increase or decrease in strength is required.
  • an additional press ram can also be provided, e.g. is guided radially to the bore of the die 12 there a desired increase or decrease in compression to make.
  • the control computer 42 is controlled via an operating computer 56, but what for the described function of Regulating a press is not important.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves a press die (12) being filled with a powder or granular material which is pressed by means of at least one punch (14, 16) against a counter-surface. At the same time the punch force and displacement are measured. Dependent on the geometry of the component and the material used, a target force-displacement diagram is obtained for a punch, and is stored. During the pressing process the measured punch force and displacement is compared in a computer with the target diagram. By means of at least one separately operatable punch section or a separate punch, the pressure on the material is either increased or decreased as soon as a deviation from the target diagram takes place. As a result, at the end of the pressing process all components will have the same density. The arrangement has at least one punch (16) with sections (18, 20) which have separate drives. It further includes displacement and force sensors, as well as a process computer.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Preßlingen aus Hartmetall, Keramik, Sintermetall oder dergleichen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method of manufacture of compacts made of hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, Formteile aus Hartmetall, Keramik, Sintermetall oder dergleichen mit Hilfe von Pressen herzustellen. Das pulver- bzw. granulatförmige Material ist so bereitzustellen, daß bei einem angewandten Preßdruck der Preßling eine homogene Struktur bekommt und sich sintern läßt. Eine übliche Formgebung ist das sogenannte Direktpressen in entsprechend ausgeführten Preßformen oder Matrizen, denen Preßstempel zugeordnet sind. Entsprechend dem jeweiligen Preßdruck ergibt sich beim Preßling eine unterschiedliche Dichte. Preßlinge mit geringerer Dichte schwinden jedoch beim Sintern stärker als Preßlinge mit höherer Dichte. Durch unterschiedlich einstellbare Preßwege für Ober- und Unterstempel wird versucht, Dichteabweichungen zu minimieren. Gleichwohl können unterschiedliche Dichten in der Praxis durch unterschiedliche Preßkräfte entstehen, die wiederum bei gleicher Höhe der Preßlinge, z.B. durch Füllschwankungen, bis zu einigen Prozenten hervorgerufen werden. Bei der Herstellung von Preßlingen für z.B. Hartmetallschneidplatten sind zusätzlich auch die Kriterien Eintauchtiefe des Oberstempels bis zum Beginn des Schneidenfreiwinkels in der Matrize einzuhalten, um eine scharfe Schneidkante zu erhalten. Ferner ist die Gesamthöhe des Preßlings präzise einzuhalten.It is known to use molded parts made of hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like with the help of presses. The powder or granular material is to be provided that with an applied pressing pressure of the compact gets a homogeneous structure and can be sintered. A The usual shape is the so-called direct pressing in correspondingly designed molds or dies, which Press stamps are assigned. According to the respective Pressing pressure is different for the compact Density. However, compacts with lower density disappear stronger during sintering than compacts with higher density. Through differently adjustable press paths for top and bottom The lower stamp tries to minimize density deviations. Nevertheless, different densities in the Practice arise through different pressing forces that again at the same height of the compacts, e.g. due to filling fluctuations, up to a few percent. In the production of compacts for e.g. Carbide inserts are also the criteria Immersion depth of the upper punch up to the beginning of the cutting clearance angle adhere to the die to make a sharp Get cutting edge. Furthermore, the total height of the Compacts precisely.

Um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Dichte z.B. innerhalb einer Charge zu erreichen, ist bekannt, die Preßkraft zu messen und anschließend eine Korrektur über die Füllung für die nachfolgenden Preßlinge vorzunehmen (DE 42 09 767 C1).In order to achieve the most uniform density possible, e.g. within one Reaching batch is known to measure the pressing force and then a correction about the fill for the make subsequent compacts (DE 42 09 767 C1).

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Preßlingen aus Hartmetall, Keramik, Sintermetall oder dergleichen anzugeben, bei dem eine Korrektur an dem Preßling bereits während des Preßvorgangs vorgenommen werden kann.The invention has for its object a method for the production of compacts from hard metal, ceramic, Specify sintered metal or the like in which a correction on the compact already during the pressing process can be made.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved through the features of the patent claim 1 solved.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist in Anspruch 2 angegeben.A device for performing the invention The method is specified in claim 2.

Bei der Erfindung sind mindestens zwei Positionssensoren vorgesehen, nämlich für den mindestens einen Preßstempel und den mindestens einen weiteren Preßstempel bzw. einem Abschnitt des Preßstempels, welche ihre Meßwerte jeweils auf einen Steuerrechner geben. Darüber hinaus ist dem Preßstempel bzw. einem Abschnitt des Preßstempels ein Kraftsensor zugeordnet. Auch seine Werte werden in den Steuerrechner gegeben.In the invention there are at least two position sensors provided, namely for the at least one press ram and the at least one further ram or one Section of the press ram, which their measured values each put on a tax calculator. Beyond that Press die or a section of the press die Force sensor assigned. Its values are also in the Tax calculator given.

Die Positionssensoren sollen sicherstellen, daß z.B. bei einem Ober- und einem Unterstempel diese eine vorgegebene Position in der Matrize anfahren, um die vorgegebene Geometrie des Preßlings zu erzeugen und seine Abmessungen einzuhalten. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Befüllung können sich jedoch Dichteschwankungen ergeben, die vermieden werden müssen. Daher sieht die Erfindung einen weiteren Preßstempel bzw. einen Preßstempelabschnitt vor, der vom Steuerrechner betätigt wird, wenn während des jeweiligen Preßvorgangs eine Abweichung vom gewünschten Dichtewert ermittelt wird.The position sensors should ensure that e.g. at an upper and a lower stamp this a predetermined Approach position in the die to the given geometry to produce the compact and its dimensions to adhere to. Due to different filling can however, there are fluctuations in density that are avoided have to. Therefore, the invention provides another press ram or a press die section in front of the Control computer is operated when during each Pressing process a deviation from the desired density value is determined.

Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird daher für jede Preßlingsform bzw. das Ausgangsmaterial ein spezifisches Kraft-Weg-Diagramm durch Preßversuche ermittelt. Während der Kompressionsphase messen die Sensoren Werte für die jeweilige Kraft und den jeweiligen Weg, die in den Steuerrechner gegeben werden, der daraus eine Kraft-Weg-Kurve ermittelt und zwischenspeichert. Durch eine Reihe von Versuchen läßt sich der optimale Kraft-Weg-Verlauf ermitteln, der dann als Sollkurve im Steuerrechner endgültig abgelegt wird. Es versteht sich, daß nachträgliche Veränderungen am Kurvenverlauf jederzeit im Rechner möglich sind.Therefore, to carry out the method according to the invention for each compact shape or the starting material specific force-displacement diagram determined by pressing tests. The sensors measure during the compression phase Values for the respective force and the respective path that be given in the control computer, which results in a force-displacement curve determined and cached. By a The optimal force-displacement curve can be tested in a series of tests determine, which then as the target curve in the control computer is finally filed. It is understood that subsequent Changes to the curve at any time in the computer possible are.

Während der Produktion führt nun der Steuerrechner in der Kompressionsphase für jeden Preßling einen Soll-Istwertvergleich der gemessenen Kraft- und Wegwerte mit der Sollkurve durch. Bei Abweichungen setzt die Regelung ein und durch Betätigen des weiteren Stempels oder eines Stempelabschnitts wird der durch den zugeordneten Antrieb aufgebrachte Kraftanteil vergrößert oder verringert, d.h. der entsprechende Stempelabschnitt wird relativ zum anderen Stempel bzw. zur Gegenfläche vor- oder zurückgestellt. Auf diese Weise wird die Dichte des Preßlings optimiert, während die Maßhaltigkeit des Preßlings durch die Einhaltung der Stempelwege erreicht wird.During production, the control computer now runs in the Compression phase for each compact, a target-actual value comparison the measured force and displacement values with the target curve by. In the event of deviations, the regulation applies and by actuating the further stamp or a stamp section becomes the one applied by the assigned drive Force component increased or decreased, i.e. of the corresponding stamp section becomes relative to the other Stamp or set back or to the counter surface. On in this way the density of the compact is optimized while the dimensional accuracy of the compact through compliance the stamp path is reached.

Bei der Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden zweckmäßigerweise entweder der Ober- oder der Unterstempel einer Presse in koaxiale Abschnitte unterteilt, wobei der Innen- oder der Außenstempel für die Optimierung der Dichte verwendet wird, je nachdem für welche Fläche des Preßlings es unkritisch ist, welchen Abstand sie z.B. zur gegenüberliegenden Fläche aufweist. Soll beispielsweise eine Schneidplatte nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt werden, wird zweckmäßigerweise der innere Unterstempel zur Dichteoptimierung eingesetzt, da die äußere Bodenfläche der Schneidplatte gegenüber der Oberseite der Schneidplatte bzw. der Schneidkante einen präzisen Abstand einnehmen muß. Diese äußere, z.B. ringförmige Bodenfläche bildet dann die Sitzfläche beim Einspannen der Schneidplatte. Die innere Fläche, die demgegenüber den Boden einer entsprechenden Ausnehmung bildet, kann in Grenzen einen beliebigen Abstand zu den Schneidkanten aufweisen.In the device for performing the invention Appropriately, either the top or the lower stamp of a press in coaxial sections divided, with the inner or outer stamp for the Optimization of density is used, depending on which Area of the compact it is not critical what distance they e.g. to the opposite surface. For example, a cutting insert according to the invention Process will be conveniently the inner lower stamp for density optimization used because the outer bottom surface of the insert opposite the top of the insert or Cutting edge must take a precise distance. This outer, e.g. annular floor surface then forms the seat when clamping the insert. The inner surface the opposite, the bottom of a corresponding recess forms, can be any distance within limits to the cutting edges.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt schematisch das Werkzeuge einer Presse zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung.
Fig. 2
zeigt die Bewegung des Werkzeugs nach Fig. 1 während einzelner Phasen.
Fig. 3
zeigt ein Kraft-Weg-Diagramm für den oberen oder unteren Preßstempel.
Fig. 4
zeigt ein Blockschaltbild zur Steuerung bzw. Regelung der Presse nach Fig. 1.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Fig. 1
shows schematically the tools of a press for performing the method according to the invention.
Fig. 2
shows the movement of the tool of FIG. 1 during individual phases.
Fig. 3
shows a force-displacement diagram for the upper or lower ram.
Fig. 4
shows a block diagram for the control or regulation of the press of FIG. 1st

In Fig. 1 ist ein Werkzeug 10 einer Presse dargestellt mit einer Matrize 12, einem Oberstempel 14, einem Unterstempel 16, der sich aus einem äußeren Stempel 18 und einem koaxial dazu angeordneten inneren Stempel 20 zusammensetzt. Die Stempel 14, 18 und 20 sind von einem separaten Antrieb, beispielsweise einem Hydraulikzylinder, angetrieben (siehe hierzu später Fig. 4). Im inneren Stempel 20 ist teleskopisch ein Dorn 22 geführt, der in eine entsprechende z.B. mittige Bohrung 24 des Oberstempels 14 eintaucht.In Fig. 1, a tool 10 of a press is shown with a die 12, an upper stamp 14, a lower stamp 16, which consists of an outer stamp 18 and a coaxial for this purpose arranged inner stamp 20 is composed. The stamps 14, 18 and 20 are from a separate drive, a hydraulic cylinder, for example (see later on Fig. 4). In the inner stamp 20 is telescopic a mandrel 22 guided into a corresponding e.g. immersed central bore 24 of the upper punch 14.

In Fig. 1 ist der Endzustand gezeigt, in dem ein Preßling 26 in Form einer Schneidplatte aus einem pulverförmigen Ausgangsmaterial, beispielsweise Hartmetall, geformt ist. Die Schneidkante ist bei 28 zu erkennen. Sie wird dadurch gebildet, daß der Oberstempel 14 über eine vorgegebene Strecke (Eintauchtiefe) in die Bohrung der Matrize 12 eintaucht. Darunter weist die Matrizenbohrung einen konischen Abschnitt auf zur Bildung des Freiwinkels. Die Gesamthöhe des Preßlings 26 ist mit h bezeichnet. Sie wird bestimmt durch die Eintauchtiefe des Oberstempels 14 und die Eintauchtiefe des äußeren Stempels 18. Um eine scharfe Schneidkante 28 zu erhalten, ist erforderlich, die Eintauchtiefe des Oberstempels 14 genau einzuhalten, d.h. der Oberstempel 14 muß exakt bis zum Beginn des Freiwinkels (Punkt 28) in die Matrize 12 eintauchen.In Fig. 1 the final state is shown in which a compact 26 in the form of a cutting plate made of a powder Starting material, for example hard metal, is shaped. The cutting edge can be seen at 28. It will formed that the upper stamp 14 over a predetermined Immerse the distance (immersion depth) in the bore of the die 12. Below that, the die hole has a conical one Section to form the clearance angle. The total height of the compact 26 is denoted by h. It is determined by the immersion depth of the upper punch 14 and the immersion depth of the outer stamp 18. To a sharp To obtain cutting edge 28, the immersion depth is required of the upper stamp 14, i.e. of the Upper stamp 14 must be exact to the start of the clearance angle Immerse (point 28) in the die 12.

In den Figuren 2a bis 2d sind Bewegungsphasen bei der Herstellung des Preßlings 26 dargestellt. In Fig. 2a schließen die Unterstempel 18, 20 die Formhohlung 30 der Matrize 12 an der Unterseite, wobei der Dorn 22 sich bis zur Oberseite der Matrize 12 erstreckt. Der Oberstempel 14 befindet sich oberhalb der Matrize 12, um das pulverförmige Ausgangsmaterial in den Formhohlraum 30 einfüllen zu können. Ist dies geschehen, werden Unter- und Oberstempel aufeinander zu bewegt, wie in Fig. 2b dargestellt. Wie erkennbar, werden zwei Innen- und Außenstempel 20, 18 gemeinsam bewegt, jedoch nicht synchron, vielmehr wird der Innenstempel 20 um einen gewissen Betrag weiterbewegt als der Außenstempel 18. Dies ist im Vergleich zu Fig. 2c noch verstärkt, welche in etwa den Zustand wiedergibt, wie er auch in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist. Der Preßling 26 ist fertiggestellt. In Fig. 2d ist der Oberstempel 14 wieder in die Ausgangslage zurückgekehrt, und die Unterstempel 18, 20 stoßen den Preßling 26 aus der Matrize 12 aus.In FIGS. 2a to 2d there are movement phases during manufacture of the compact 26 shown. Close in Fig. 2a the lower punches 18, 20 the mold cavity 30 of the die 12 at the bottom, the mandrel 22 extending up to the top the die 12 extends. The upper stamp 14 is located above the die 12 to the powder To be able to fill the starting material into the mold cavity 30. Once this has been done, the lower and upper stamps are used moved towards each other, as shown in Fig. 2b. How recognizable two inner and outer stamps 20, 18 are common moved, but not synchronized, rather the Inner stamp 20 moved by a certain amount as the outer stamp 18. This is still compared to FIG. 2c amplified, which roughly reflects the state as he is also shown in Fig. 1. The compact 26 is completed. In Fig. 2d the upper stamp 14 is again in the Starting position returned, and the lower stamps 18, 20 push the compact 26 out of the die 12.

In Fig. 4 sind die Stempel 14, 18, 20 schematisch dargestellt unter Weglassung der Matrize 12. Es ist zu erkennen, daß sie verbunden sind mit den Kolben von Hydraulikzylindern 32, 34 bzw. 36 sind. Mit Hilfe eines Sensors 38 bzw. 40 werden die Preßkräfte der Zylinder 32 und 36 gemessen. Die Ausgangssignale der Sensoren 38, 40 gehen in einen Steuerrechner 42. Den Stempeln 14, 18 und 20 ist jeweils ein Positionssensor 44, 48 bzw. 46 zugeordnet, deren Ausgangssignale ebenfalls in den Steuerrechner 42 gelangen. Mit Hilfe der Sensoren 38, 40 werden die von den Stempeln 14, 18 aufgebrachten Kräfte überwacht. Mit Hilfe der Sensoren 44, 46 und 48 werden die Wege der Stempel 14, 20 und 18 überwacht.In Fig. 4, the stamp 14, 18, 20 are shown schematically omitting the die 12. It can be seen that they are connected to the pistons of hydraulic cylinders 32, 34 and 36, respectively. With the help of a sensor 38 or 40, the pressing forces of the cylinders 32 and 36 are measured. The output signals of the sensors 38, 40 go into one Control computer 42. The stamps 14, 18 and 20 are each a position sensor 44, 48 and 46 assigned, the output signals also get into the control computer 42. With the help of sensors 38, 40, the stamps 14, 18 applied forces monitored. With the help of the sensors 44, 46 and 48 are the paths of the stamps 14, 20 and 18 monitors.

Aus der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 geht hervor, daß erforderlich ist, daß Oberstempel 14 und äußerer Unterstempel 18 jeweils eine vorgegebene Strecke zurücklegen müssen, um die Genauigkeit des Preßlings 26 zu gewährleisten. Für die Qualität des Preßlings 26 ist ferner entscheidend, daß er reproduzierbar die gleiche Dichte aufweist. Diese könnte schwanken mit z.B. nicht gleichmäßigem Schüttvolumen der Charge des Ausgangsmaterials 32. Mit Hilfe geeigneter Preßversuche läßt sich nun für eine vorgegebene Geometrie eines Preßlings und des gewählten Ausgangsmaterials ein bestimmter Verlauf der Kraft-Weg-Kurve ermitteln, die für einen bestimmten Preßling optimal ist. Eine derartige Sollkurve 50 ist in Fig. 3 in durchgehender Linie gezeigt. Sie entspricht zum Beispiel dem Kraft-Weg-Verlauf bezüglich des Oberstempels 14. Eine derartige, vorher durch Versuche ermittelte Sollkurve 50 ist im Steuerrechner 42 abgelegt. Mit Hilfe des Steuerrechners 42 werden nun die Stempel 14 und 18 so gesteuert, daß sie die jeweilige Eintauchtiefe zurücklegen bis zum Erreichen einer präzisen Endlage. Durch Vergleich mit der Sollkurve 50 läßt sich feststellen, ob die Kraft bei der jeweiligen Eintauchtiefe dem entsprechenden Wert der Sollkurve entspricht. Die Preßkraft ist bekanntlich ein Anzeichen dafür, ob die gewünschte Dichte des zu pressenden Materials bei der jeweiligen Position des Stempels erreicht ist. Die Kräfte und damit auch die Abweichungen werden mit dem zugehörigen Kraftsensor 38 oder 40 gemessen. Sie sind in Fig. 3 gestrichelt bei 52 angedeutet. Tritt eine derartige Abweichung auf, wird der innere Stempel 20 über seinen entsprechenden Zylinder 34 bewegt, und zwar entweder in Richtung des Oberstempels 14 oder von diesem fort, je nachdem ob eine Krafterhöhung oder Kraftminderung erforderlich ist.2 shows that this is required is that upper stamp 14 and outer lower stamp 18th each have to cover a predetermined distance to ensure the accuracy of the compact 26. For the Quality of the compact 26 is also critical that he reproducibly has the same density. This could fluctuate with e.g. not uniform bulk volume of the Batch of the starting material 32. With the help of suitable Pressing tests can now be carried out for a given geometry a compact and the selected starting material determine the specific course of the force-displacement curve for a certain compact is optimal. Such Desired curve 50 is shown in a continuous line in FIG. 3. For example, it corresponds to the force-displacement curve of the upper stamp 14. Such, previously by The target curve 50 determined in experiments is in the control computer 42 filed. With the help of the control computer 42, the Stamp 14 and 18 controlled so that they the respective immersion depth cover until you reach a precise End position. By comparison with the target curve 50 can determine whether the force at each immersion depth corresponds to the corresponding value of the target curve. The Press force is known to be an indication of whether the desired Density of the material to be pressed at the respective Position of the stamp is reached. The forces and thus also the deviations are associated with the Force sensor 38 or 40 measured. They are dashed in Fig. 3 indicated at 52. Such a deviation occurs on, the inner stamp 20 will be over its corresponding Cylinder 34 moves, either in the direction of the upper stamp 14 or away from it, depending on whether an increase or decrease in strength is required.

Es versteht sich, daß je nach Geometrie eines Preßlings auch ein zusätzlicher Preßstempel vorgesehen werden kann, der z.B. radial zur Bohrung der Matrize 12 geführt ist, um dort eine gewünschte Verdichtungserhöhung oder -reduzierung vorzunehmen.It is understood that depending on the geometry of a compact an additional press ram can also be provided, e.g. is guided radially to the bore of the die 12 there a desired increase or decrease in compression to make.

Der Steuerrechner 42 wird über einen Bedienrechner 56 angesteuert, was jedoch für die beschriebene Funktion der Regelung einer Presse nicht von Bedeutung ist.The control computer 42 is controlled via an operating computer 56, but what for the described function of Regulating a press is not important.

Claims (3)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Preßlingen aus Hartmetall, Keramik, Sintermetall oder dergleichen, bei dem ein Teil einer Charge eines pulver- oder granulatförmigen Ausgangsmaterials in eine Preßform eingefüllt und mit mindestens einem Preßstempel gegen eine Gegenfläche gepreßt wird, wobei die Kraft und der Weg des Preßstempels gemessen werden, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: Abhängig von der Geometrie des Preßlings und des Ausgangsmaterials wird während derKompression für einen Preßstempel ein gewünschtes Kraft-Weg-Diagramm (Sollkurve) ermittelt und gespeichert; In einem Rechner werden während der Kompression die gemessenen Werte für den Weg und die Kraft des Preßstempels mit der Sollkurve verglichen; Mittels mindestens eines separat betätigten Abschnitts des Preßstempels oder eines getrennten Stempels wird der Druck auf das Preßmmaterial während der Kompressionsphase erhöht oder verringert, sobald eine Abweichung von der Sollkurve ermittelt wird, um am Ende der Kompressionsphase eine gleiche Dichte jedes Preßlings zu erhalten. A process for the production of compacts from hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like, in which a part of a batch of a powder or granular starting material is filled into a mold and pressed against a counter surface with at least one press stamp, the force and the path of the press stamp being measured are characterized by the following process steps: Depending on the geometry of the compact and the starting material, a desired force-displacement diagram (target curve) is determined and stored during compression for a press ram; During the compression, the measured values for the path and the force of the ram are compared with the target curve in a computer; By means of at least one separately actuated section of the press ram or a separate ram, the pressure on the press material is increased or decreased during the compression phase as soon as a deviation from the target curve is determined in order to obtain an equal density of each compact at the end of the compression phase. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, mit einem Preßwerkzeug (10), das eine Matrize (12) und mindestens einen Preßstempel (14) auf einer Seite der Matrize (12) aufweist und mindestens einen Stempel (18) oder eine Gegenfläche auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Matrize zum Verdichten des in die Matrize (12) eingefüllten Materials (32a), wobei die Preßstempel von einem Preßstempelantrieb (32, 34, 36) antreibbar sind und mindestens ein Preßstempel aus zwei zueinander angeordneten Stempelabschnitten (18, 20) (innerer und äußerer Stempel) besteht, von denen jeder einen Antrieb aufweist, einen Positionssensor (44, 46, 48) für jeden Stempel (14, 20, 18) und einem Kraftsensor (38, 40) für mindestens einen Preßstempel (14, 18) und einem Steuerrechner (42), in dem ein vorgegebenes Kraft-Weg-Diagramm für mindestens einen Stempel (14) gespeichert ist und in den die Meßwerte der Sensoren (38, 40, 44, 46, 48) eingegeben werden zur Regelung des Antriebs der Preßstempel nach Maßgabe des Kraft-Weg-Diagramms.Device for performing the method according to claim 1, with a pressing tool (10), which is a die (12) and at least one press ram (14) on one Side of the die (12) and at least one Stamp (18) or a counter surface on the opposite Side of the die for compacting the into the Matrix (12) filled material (32a), the Ram from a ram drive (32, 34, 36) are drivable and at least one ram from two mutually arranged stamp sections (18, 20) (inner and outer stamp), each of which has a drive, a position sensor (44, 46, 48) for each stamp (14, 20, 18) and a force sensor (38, 40) for at least one press ram (14, 18) and a control computer (42) in which a predetermined Force-displacement diagram for at least one stamp (14) is stored and in which the measured values of the sensors (38, 40, 44, 46, 48) can be entered to regulate the Press ram drive in accordance with the force-displacement diagram. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Ober- und Unterstempel und einer Unterteilung eines Stempels in einen äußeren und einen inneren Stempel dem inneren Stempel (20) nur ein Positionssensor (46) zugeordnet ist.Device according to claim 2, characterized in that with an upper and lower stamp and a subdivision of a stamp in an outer and an inner Stamp the inner stamp (20) using only a position sensor (46) is assigned.
EP98103085A 1997-04-24 1998-02-21 Method and apparatus for manufacturing moulded articles in hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or similar Expired - Lifetime EP0873855B1 (en)

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DE19717217A DE19717217C2 (en) 1997-04-24 1997-04-24 Method and device for producing compacts from hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or the like
DE19717217 1997-04-24

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DE19955196A1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2001-05-23 Korsch Pressen Ag Method to maintain breaking resistance of e.g. washing powder tablets etc. with constant automatic adaptation of dosing resp. compacting rollers to compensate for charging variations
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WO2010115517A3 (en) * 2009-04-09 2011-03-03 Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh Magnetic coupling
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DE19955196A1 (en) * 1999-11-16 2001-05-23 Korsch Pressen Ag Method to maintain breaking resistance of e.g. washing powder tablets etc. with constant automatic adaptation of dosing resp. compacting rollers to compensate for charging variations
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WO2010115517A3 (en) * 2009-04-09 2011-03-03 Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh Magnetic coupling
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59813346D1 (en) 2006-04-06
DE19717217C2 (en) 1999-12-02
DE19717217A1 (en) 1998-10-29
EP0873855A3 (en) 1999-01-13
US6074584A (en) 2000-06-13
ATE315997T1 (en) 2006-02-15
EP0873855B1 (en) 2006-01-18

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