EP0685208B1 - Device for supporting a dental prosthesis and method for manufacturing such a device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for forming a Dentures.

The dentures can only be a single artificial tooth, or just an artificial crown or two or more have artificial teeth or dental crowns.

Devices known on the market under the ITI brand (Oral implantology; general basics and ITI Hollow cylinder system; 1988; Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York) have support to form a denture and a cap which can be fastened to it and which forms a artificial tooth crown. The support has a base or primary part and a detachably connected to this Secondary part. The base has one when using the Device sitting in a hole in a jawbone first end, a second protruding from the jawbone End and an axial hole opening into this one Has section with an internal thread. The base has a conical ring surface surrounding the mouth of the hole, which serves as a support surface for the cap. Of the Secondary part serves as a holder for holding the cap and has an inner part screwed into the hole of the base, one octagonal head located outside the base and one axial threaded bore opening into its end face. The Cap is made of a gold alloy and has one on the conical bearing surface of the base, conical Counter surface and one to the axis of the support and the counter surface the cap coaxial hole. The cap is with one of these penetrating into the threaded hole of the secondary part screwed screw attached to the secondary part. In the Use of the device brings additional materials on the originally roughly frustoconical cap so that together with the applied materials a forms the desired shape, artificial tooth crown.

In these known devices, the hole opens Cap in the apical end facing away from the jawbone. The head of the screw is accordingly one artificial molar in or under the occlusal surface of the for Part of the crown formed by the cap. With an artificial one The screw head for the incisor or canine Example below or near the edge of the tooth crown. The Hole in the cap and the screw therefore hinder the optimal Forming the tooth crown. This is particularly the case with incisors the case. The screw head is also aesthetic annoying.

The devices known under the brand ITI become not only for replacing individual teeth, but also for fastening and / or formation of multiple teeth replacing Bridges used and in this case have two or more Supports with a cap attached to each. Between this is an at least one artificial tooth Connection element arranged and by casting or solder connections connected to the caps made of a gold alloy. So that the caps on the octagonal heads of the supports the axes of the two must be plugged on Supports be pretty much parallel to each other. Accordingly need to take the pedestal into the jawbone drilled holes pretty much parallel to each other be so that when drilling these holes a great accuracy is required.

The invention is based, at least one object a support and at least one cap device to create, which allows disadvantages of the known Fix devices and in particular to avoid that the hole in the cap must be coaxial with the axis of the support and that the screw used to attach the cap must have a head at the apical end of the cap.

This object is achieved by a device that according to the invention has the features of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method of manufacture a device for attachment and / or formation an artificial denture with the features of the claim 20th

Advantageous embodiments of the device and Procedures emerge from the dependent claims.

die Fig. 1 eine Explosions-Darstellung von Teilen einer Vorrichtung zur Befestigung und Bildung eines Zahnersatzes mit einem künstlichen Einzel-Zahn;

die Fig. 2 eine Ansicht der Kappe der in der Fig. 1 ersichtlichen Vorrichtung von unten;

die Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch einen Kieferknochen und Teile der in der Fig. 1 ersichtlichen Vorrichtung;

die Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch den Kieferknochen und die an diesem befestigte Vorrichtung mit einer fertiggestellten, künstlichen Zahnkrone;

die Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch einen Kieferknochen und eine andere an diesem befestigte Vorrichtung;

die Fig. 6 einen Schnitt durch ein Kiefer-Modell und Teile von einer anderen Vorrichtung, deren Kappe eine Hülse aus Kunststoff besitzt;

die Fig. 7 einen Schnitt durch eine Giessform, welche die in der Fig. 6 ersichtliche Kappe umschliesst;

die Fig. 8 einen Schnitt durch einen Kieferknochen und eine an diesem befestigte Vorrichtung mit einer gegossenen Kappe;

die Fig. 9 einen Schnitt quer durch einen Kieferknochen und durch die Achse eines Supports einer an diesem befestigte Vorrichtung mit einer Brücke;

die Fig. 10 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Stück des in der Fig. 9 ersichtlichen Kieferknochens und durch die an diesem befestigte Brücke;

Fig. 11 einen Schnitt durch ein Kiefer-Modell und durch Teile einer anderen, an diesem befestigten zur Bildung einer Brücke dienenden Vorrichtung;

die Fig. 12 einen Schnitt durch eine mit Hilfe der in Fig. 11 gezeichneten Teile hergestellten Vorrichtung und

die Fig. 13 einen Schnitt durch einen Kieferknochen und noch eine andere, an diesem befestigte Vorrichtung.

The subject matter of the invention is then explained with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show in the drawing

1 shows an exploded view of parts of a device for fastening and forming a denture with an artificial single tooth;

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the cap of the device shown in FIG. 1;

3 shows a section through a jawbone and parts of the device shown in FIG. 1;

4 shows a section through the jawbone and the device fastened to it with a finished, artificial tooth crown;

5 shows a section through a jawbone and another device attached to it;

6 shows a section through a jaw model and parts from another device, the cap of which has a sleeve made of plastic;

7 shows a section through a casting mold which encloses the cap shown in FIG. 6;

8 shows a section through a jawbone and a device fastened to it with a cast cap;

9 shows a section across a jaw bone and through the axis of a support of a device fastened to it with a bridge;

FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal section through a piece of the jaw bone shown in FIG. 9 and through the bridge attached to it;

11 shows a section through a jaw model and through parts of another device which is attached to it and serves to form a bridge;

12 shows a section through a device produced with the aid of the parts shown in FIG. 11 and

13 shows a section through a jawbone and yet another device attached to it.

1 in the disassembled state and in FIG. 4 drawn in the assembled final state as a whole with 1 designated device is used for attachment and formation a denture, namely a single artificial one Tooth. The device 1 has a support 3 with a often referred to as a primary part or implant base 4 and a holder 5, which consists of a secondary part 6 and a Tertiary 7 exists. The device 1 also has a Cap 8, which is rigid and detachable with the aid of a screw 9 can be connected to Support 3. The three parts 4, 6, Support 3 and cap 8 define in assembled State of a common, first axis 10.

Some parts of the device 1 are also in the figures 2 and 3 can be seen. 3 and 4 another jaw bone 13 - namely a lower jaw bone - and the gingiva 14 covering it - i.e. the gums - drawn by a patient. Support 3 has one in the final state of the device 1 inside the jawbone 13 located inner part 3a and one outside the outer part 3b of the jawbone 13.

The elongated, one-piece base 4 has one in 1 below, the first end 4a and this opposite second end 4b. The outer surface of the base has a generally cylindrical main portion 4c an external thread 4d and one towards the second end 4b trumpet-shaped widening end section 4e. The base has two axial blind holes, namely one in its first end 4a opening hole 4f and one opening into its second end 4b Hole 4g. The hole 4g has a cylindrical portion 4h an internal thread 4i and one from this to the second End 4b of the base 4 extending portion 4k with a Cone area 4m. This forms a 5 ° to 15 ° with the axis 10 and, for example, approximately 8 ° angles. The base has at its second end 4b the mouth of the hole 4g and enclosing axis 10 completely and without interruption, to the axis 10 rotationally symmetrical, conical ring surface 4n, which is inclined outwards towards the first end 4a of the base is and with the axis 10 an angle of approximately or exactly 45 ° forms. As will be explained in more detail, the conical serves Annular surface 4n in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 the device also as a support surface 4n for Cap 8. The base also has some radial holes 4p, which open into the axial hole 4f.

The one-piece secondary part 6 has an inner part 6a, which has an external thread 6b and one in front of it has expanding conical surface 6c, which with the axis 10 den forms the same angle as the conical surface 4m. If the Secondary part 6 according to FIG. 4 with the base 4 is connected, there is the inner part 6a of the secondary part 6 in the hole 4g of the base 4, the external thread 6b is screwed into the internal thread 4i and the conical surfaces 4m and 6c lie tightly together. The secondary part 6 has one with assembled device 1 outside of Base 4 located head 6d. This has a section 6e with a non-rotationally symmetrical to the axis 10, polygonal, for example in cross section regular octagon, circumferential surface 6f. This has accordingly several, namely eight levels, to axis 10 non-rotationally symmetrical peripheral surface sections and eight edges parallel to axis 10. The head 6d also has one from the peripheral surface 6f to the front 6h of the head tapered, conical bevel 6g. The front 6h of the head 6d forms the inner part 6a of the secondary part 6, outer end of the abutment. The secondary part 6 is with an axial threaded hole opening into the front 6h 6i provided.

The one-piece tertiary part 7 has a bolt-shaped, with an external thread, when assembled Device 1 in the threaded hole 6i of the secondary part 6 screwed threaded part 7a. The tertiary part 7 also has one when the device is assembled holding section 7b located outside the secondary part 6 with a collar with a flat, radial ring surface one on the front 6h of the head 6d, radial, flat ring surface rests. The holding section 7b also has a neck protruding upward from the waistband and a head 7c. The collar, neck and head 7c bound together an annular groove 7d surrounding the axis 10. The head 7c has an adjacent to the groove 7d, the upper flank forming, radial, flat surface, a cylindrical peripheral surface and one the radial, flat surface with the cylindrical Circumferential surface connecting, convex in axial section curved transition surface. The adjacent to the groove 7d Side of the head 7c forms an annular, along the circumference of the support outer part 3b extending shoulder 7e, the Outer edge 7f through the transition surface curved in axial section is formed. The shoulder 7e is when assembled Device 1 the base 4 and its second end 4b facing. That forming the outer edge 7f of the shoulder 7e In axial section, the transition surface has a radius of curvature that at most 0.5 mm, better at most 0.3 mm and for example is about 0.2 mm. It should be noted that the outer edge 7f of the shoulder 7e instead of the curved transition surface or possibly have an edge in addition to this could. The head of the tertiary part 7 has one in its Front opening polygonal and / or star-shaped hole 7g.

The one-piece still drawn separately in FIG. 2 Cap 8 has a jacket 8a and a compact one, in particular Hole-free in the area of axis 10 when assembled Device 1 facing away from the base 4, apical end section 8b. The cap 8 is generally rotationally symmetrical to axis 10, but has one in the figures 1, 2 and 4 nose 8c protruding to the right. The cap 8 has an inner surface 8d which one in general to the axis 10 rotationally symmetrical, to the base 4th open towards the interior 8e limited. The at the mouth of the Interior 8e adjoining section of the inner surface 8d forms an inclined away from the mouth towards the axis 10, conical counter surface 8f, which the axis 10 completely as well encloses without interruption, with this the same angle forms like the ring and / or support surface 4n of the base 4th and when the device is assembled on the conical ring and / or Contact surface 4n rests. The two conical Surfaces 4n and 8f have the same outer diameter, see above that the outer and / or outer surfaces of the base 4 and the Cap 8 when the device 1 is assembled at the outer edges of the conical surfaces 4n and 8f meet. The inner surface 8d has the mouth of the interior 8e side of the counter surface 8f facing away from the axis 10 non-rotationally symmetrical, polygonal, for example In cross-section 24-cornered inner surface area 8g. This therefore has several, namely 24 planes, to axis 10 parallel, non-rotationally symmetrical surface sections and 24 corners or 10 edges parallel to the axis. In the Fig. 2 is still dash-dotted outline of the head 6d indicated. This is designed so that the corners its octagonal section 6e full or with at most small, radial play in corners of the 24-square inner surface area Intervene 8g. The inner surface 8d has above the 24-corner-shaped inner surface area 8g a cylindrical Inner surface section 8h, on which a likewise cylindrical, connects a slightly narrower inner surface portion 8i. Of the The diameter of the latter is at most slightly larger than the diameter of the head 7c of the tertiary part 7. If one the cap 8 when assembling the device 1 parallel to Pin 10 on the support 3, it is from the heads 6d and 7c of the secondary part 6 or tertiary part 7 axially displaceable and radially at least almost free of play guided. The surface sections and the edges of the axis 10 non-rotationally symmetrical peripheral surface 6f and Inner surface area 8g also form securing means, which the cap 8 against rotation when the device is assembled secure with regard to the secondary part 6 of the support 3. At Assembled device 1 according to FIG. 4 between the end face of the head 7c of the tertiary part 7 and the upper end of the interior 8e delimiting inner surface portion the cap 8 has a space. The cap 8 has a through the nose 8c in the interior 8e extending hole 8k, the outer mouth in a to Axis 10 is inclined surface of the nose 8c and its inner Mouth for the most part in the area of the cylindrical Inner surface portion 8h of the cap lies. The hole 8k is with provided with an internal thread 8m. The hole 8k encloses and defines a second axis 11. The hole 8k and which is in that section of the axis 11 located are from the axis 10 away upwards and thus inclined away from the base 4. The second Axis 11 forms an angle with the first axis 10 which at least 30 °, preferably at least 45 °, less than 90 °, for example is 55 ° to 85 ° and namely according to the figures 1, 4 approximately 65 °. The hole 8k and that when assembled Device 1 screw 9 screwed into this more or less transverse to axis 10.

The screw 9 has a thread 9a and one of this tapering away, for example roughly frustoconical, End section 9b. Its conical surface forms of the assembled device 1 with the axis 11 of the Hole 8k coinciding screw axis an angle that at most 60 °, preferably at most 45 ° and for example is approximately 30 °. The screw 9 is a grub screw trained and therefore has no head, so the nominal or Outside diameter of their thread 9a the maximum Diameter of the screw 9 forms. This owns on her End portion 9b facing away from a hole 9c, the one polygonal, for example hexagonal section owns, whose surfaces and edges driver means for a Form screw-in tool. The nominal or outside diameter the thread 9a is preferably at least 1.5 mm and Example approximately or exactly 2 mm. The total length of the Screw 9 is at most three times and, for example, approximately twice larger than the nominal or outside diameter of the Thread 9a.

When the device 1 is assembled, the screw 9 4 screwed into the hole 8k of the cap 8, that the conical surface of the end portion 9b the screw 9 on the outer edge 7f of the shoulder 7e of the tertiary part 7 attacks. The conical surface of the screw 9 forms at its point touching the shoulder 7e with the axis 10 an angle that is preferably at least 30 °, preferably at most 60 ° and for example according to FIG. 4 approximately 35 ° is. The shoulder 7e of the tertiary part 7 exercises at fixed screwed screw 9 a force on the screw and over this on the cap 8. This force has an axis 10 parallel component, which the counter surface 8f of the cap 8 presses against the bearing surface 4n of the base 4 and the cap 8 clamped on the support 3. The screw 9 is at assembled and finished device 1 completely inside the cap 8.

Base 4, secondary part 6, tertiary part 7, cap 8 and screw 9 are made of biocompatible, metallic Materials. Base 4, secondary section 6 and tertiary section 7 and cap 8 are made of pure, for example Titanium. The outer surface of the cylindrical main portion 4c the base 4 can by a porous, by plasma spraying applied, also made of titanium coating be educated. The screw 9 is, for example, from a Mostly made of titanium alloy and harder than the cap 8. If you screw 9 at Assembling the device 1, the screw 9 create a notch in the outer edge 7f of the shoulder 7e. This Notch secures the cap 8 in addition to the polygonal one Inner surface area 8g attacking, polygonal peripheral surface 6f of the secondary part 6 against rotations with respect to the Supports 3.

Now the manufacture, use and the Assemble the device 1 in the attachment and Formation of an artificial denture are explained. First, the parts of FIG Device 1 in a disassembled state to a dentist and / or dental technician.

When the dentist is treating the device 1 a patient wants to use, the dentist can Cut open the patient's gingiva 14, a hole 13a in the Drill and / or mill jaw bone 13, the base 4 in screw this and its upper, axial hole 4g with one screwed into it, not shown Close the screw plug. The base 4 can now remain in the jawbone 13 during a healing period, until it heals The bone can then be the lower, Fill in the axial hole 4f and also the radial holes 4p penetrate so that the base 4 is very stable in the jawbone 13 is anchored.

After the healing period, the dentist can screw the plug Unscrew from the base 4 Screw the secondary part 6 into this and one dot-dash line 3 indicated impression cap 15 on the secondary part 6 fasten. After that, the dentist can work with a plastically deformable material with a so-called Spoons on the jaw, on the impression cap 15 and on the of these neighboring teeth is pressed, an impression do.

Now a dental technician can make gypsum or the like make a model of a jawbone and with one Manipulation support provided, which is of the same design like that used to form another device in 6, manipulation support described in more detail 43. The dental technician can use the cap 8 on the manipulation support attach and the cap 8 due to the imprint post-processing - i.e. by milling and / or grinding - bring into a desired shape. The original outline shape and post-processing existing outline shape of the cap 8 are in Fig. 4 with dash-dotted or full lines are shown. It should be noted that the boundary of the outer mouth of the hole 8k Section of the nose 8c in Fig. 4 with the original Shape is drawn, but also if necessary can be edited, including a section of the screw 9 can be milled and / or ground. Of the Dental technicians can still partially cover the outer surface of the cap 8 provided with a covering 16 shown in FIG. 4, for example made of ceramic (porcelain) or plastic consists. The cap 8 then forms together with the veneer 16 a superstructure 17, namely an artificial one Tooth crown.

The through the implant 4 with the jawbone 13 of the Patient-connected abutment 6 can be used during processing the cap 8 to a superstructure 17 or artificial crown, for example with a closure element, to be introverted. When the crown is finished, the Dentist first the tertiary part 7 in the secondary part 6 screw in.

The cylindrical main portion 4c of the base 4 and lower end portion of the secondary part 6 then form the Inner part 3a of the support 3 located in the jawbone 13. The first end 4a of the base 4 forms the End of the support 3 located in the jaw bone. Furthermore form the second end 4b of the base 4, the upper section of the secondary part 6 and the tertiary part 7 together outside part 3b of the outside of the jawbone 13 Supports 3. The one outside the jawbone The end of the support 3 is through the head 7c of the tertiary part 7 educated. The secondary and the tertiary form together to hold the superstructure 17 or tooth crown serving holder 5 of support 3.

The dentist can now get the one from the reworked one Cap 8 and the veneer 16 formed superstructure 17th or artificial tooth crown together with the already a little screw 9 screwed into the cap 8 onto the outer part Attach 3b of support 3, screw 9 with a Screw in the screwing tool and thereby the largest Part 8 of the superstructure 17 on the support 3 fasten. The shaped tooth crown according to FIG. 4 can be used for Example together with the remaining parts of the device 1 form an artificial incisor or canine. The one Base 4 and the jaw bone 13 facing away, post-processed End portion 8b of the cap 8 and that on the end portion 8b applied facing 16 together form the apical end and the cutting edge of the artificial tooth crown. The cutting edge the cutting edge is located on the nose 8c of the cap 8 opposite side of axis 10. There are also the nose 8c, the mouth of the hole 8k lying in this and thus in the essentially the whole hole 8k as well as the screw 9 - based on the patient's mouth - on the back side the cap 8 so that the hole 8k and the screw 9 from the Are not visible from the outside of the mouth. Since the hole 8k and the screw 9 more or less transverse to the axis 10 the shape of the face facing away from the jawbone 13, apical end of the superstructure 17 or artificial Tooth crown set favorably and largely to the shape of a natural tooth can be adjusted.

The octagonal peripheral surface area 6f of the secondary part 6 and the 24-corner-shaped inner surface area 8g of the cap 8, the latter optionally in 24 different rotary positions on the support 3 and non-rotatably connected to it. The relative large number of selectable rotary positions of the cap 8 makes it possible to insert them into the patient's mouth in such a way that the nose 8c and the hole 8k in one appropriate position for tightening the screw 9 are located. Since the hole 8k is inclined away from the jawbone, the dentist can tighten the screw 9 relatively well, although the hole 8k is located on the rear side of the cap 8 is.

When the device 1 is assembled according to FIG. 4 and fixed in the jawbone 13 are the different Parts of support 3, i.e. the base 4, the secondary part 6 and the tertiary part 7 stably connected to each other. Of the Support 3 has great strength. The outer part 3b of the Supports 3 centers the cap 8 or - more precisely - its Interior 8e with respect to the support 3 and secures the cap 8 also against rotations around the axis 10. The on the conical Contact surface 4n of the base 4, conical counter surface 8f of the cap also has one with respect to the Base 4 centering effect. The cap 8 is very stable connected to the support 3 and can therefore be both large for Axis 10 parallel as well as large with axis 10 one Transfer angular forces to the support. Because the Screw 9 has a relatively large diameter, in comparison to this is pretty short and one is close to that hole 8k of the cap 8 holding the screw 9 Place on the shoulder 7e of the tertiary part 7 attacks the risk of breakage of the screw 9 is very low.

Due to the conical surfaces lying on top of each other 4n and 8f and those at the outer edges of each other abutting lateral surfaces of the base 4 and the cap 8 is also virtually completely prevented between the base 4 and the cap 8 cultures of microorganisms develop. Furthermore, the very good biocompatibility advantageous from titanium.

The device 1 has only relatively few separate parts on and can be manufactured economically and relatively easily inserted into a patient's mouth and assembled become. Furthermore, a dental technician from the 1, delivered by the manufacturer, made of titanium cap 8 with a relatively small Labor and material costs one to the individual Artificial crown adapted to the needs of a patient produce.

5 shows a jawbone and a gingiva can be seen, which in turn are designated 13 and 14 respectively. 5 is an assembled one on the jawbone 13 attached, in their final state, Device 21 can be seen, the one as an artificial Molar serving dentures. The device 21 has a support 3, which is identical to the support 3 of the Device 1 is formed. Support 3 owns in particular one in a hole 13a of the jawbone 13 attached base 4 with a conical ring and support surface 4n and a holder 5 with a secondary part 6 and a tertiary part 7. The device 21 also has a cap 28 which, when the device is assembled, together with the Support 3 has a common, first axis 10. The cap 28 has like the cap 8, a jacket 28a, the base 4 opposite end portion 28b and one at a circumferential location of the jacket 28a protruding from this nose 28c. The cap 28 differs from the cap 8 in that you Jacket 28a in general - i.e. apart from the nose 28c - is not cylindrical but is conical and extends from the base 4 tapered away. Furthermore, the one measured parallel to the axis 10 Dimension of the end portion 28b of the cap 28 smaller than at the cap 8. Furthermore, the cap 28 does not consist of Titanium, but from a non-oxidizing, pourable, metallic material, for example one under the trade name CERAMICOR available gold alloy. The inner surface 28d and the interior 28e of the cap 28 delimited by this are, for example, of the same design as in the cap 8. The inner surface 28d has in particular at the mouth of the Interior a section that a conical counter surface 28f forms which when the device 21 is assembled on the conical bearing surface 4n of the base rests. The cap 28 also has a hole 28k, which is analogous to the hole 8k in the Interior 28e opens, has an internal thread 28m and one second axis 11 defined. A screw 9 is in the hole 28k screwed in, which is the same as in device 1 is and analogous to this on the outer edge 7f Shoulder 7e of the tertiary part 7 attacks.

The cap 28 is from the manufacturer with the in the Fig. 5 drawn form a dentist and / or dental technician delivered. When using the device 21 can a dental technician applies a carrier layer 35 to areas of the Apply the outer surface of the cap 28. The so-called Scaffold-forming carrier layer 35 can, for example, consist of a molded onto the cap 28 in the vicinity of oxygen oxidizing gold alloy, one of which is made of ceramic or plastic existing veneer 36 is applied. The cap 28 then forms together with the carrier layer 35 and the facing 36 a superstructure 37, namely one artificial crown of teeth, the jawbone 13 and base 4 turned away, apical end, for example, the chewing surface of a Molar tooth can form.

Unless otherwise stated, the device 21 is nothing else was specified - similarly designed as the device 1 and also has properties similar to this to a large extent.

Next, the production is based on Figures 6, 7 and 8 and training in a finished state in 8 apparent, an artificial single tooth forming device 41 described. 6 is a for Example of plaster pine model 42 can be seen, for example, the upper part of which has roughly the same outline shape has one like the jawbone covered by the gingiva Patient. A manipulation support 43 is also shown in FIG. 6 with an inner part 43a located in the jaw model 42 and one outside the jaw model Outer part 43b drawn. This has a one-piece Manipulating implant 44 with one in the jaw model 43 attached base 44a, the upper portion of the same shape has like the upper end portion of a base 4. The in the Fig. 6 not visible, lower region of the base of the Manipulation implant 44, however, can have a different shape than the corresponding section of the base 4, as in the 11 drawn to form another Device manipulating implant 44 is indicated. The manipulation implant 44 also has an outside of the jaw model 43 located head 44b, which the has the same shape as the head 6d of a secondary part 6. Das Manipulating implant 44 is also with one of the threaded bore 6i of a secondary part 6 corresponding threaded bore 44c Mistake. The manipulating implant has a conical ring and / or Support surface 44n, which is designed analogously to that Ring and / or support surface 4n of a base 4. The manipulation support 43 still has a detachable in the threaded bore 44c of the manipulation implant 44 screwed in Tertiary 7.

8 is a jawbone 13 with a hole 13a and the gingiva 14 of a patient can be seen. Further is 8 the support 3 belonging to the device 41 drawn, which is the same design as in the devices 1 and 21. The one inner part 3a and one outer part Support 3b, in turn, therefore has one Base 4 with a conical ring and / or bearing surface 4n and a holder 5 with a secondary part 6 and one Tertiary part 7, which has a shoulder 7e.

The manufacturing plant manufactures in addition to that in the FIG. 8 shows parts of the support 3 that are shown in FIG. 6 visible parts of the manipulation support already described 43 and a cap 48 shown in FIG. 6. The latter has a sleeve 49 and a socket 50. The sleeve 49 has a jacket 49a and on the in the Fig. 6 above end a flat end portion 49b. Of the For example, jacket 49 has an end portion 49b tapered outer surface. The jacket 49a of the sleeve is provided with a hole 49c in which one end of the bushing 50 is attached by a press and / or adhesive connection. The Inner surface of the sleeve 49 forms the largest part of the Inner surface 48d of the cap 48. The inner surface 48d and the Interiors 48e of cap 48 have essentially - i.e. apart from those caused by the hole 49c and the bush 50 Differences - the same shapes and dimensions as the inner surface 8d or the interior 8e of the cap 8. Die In particular, cap 48 also has a conical counter surface 48f, which in FIG. 6 on the conical ring and / or Support surface 44n of the manipulation implant 44 rests. The Bushing 50 has a generally cylindrical outer surface, however, the one seated in the hole 49c of the sleeve 49 End portion of the bushing has a smaller outer diameter has than the rest of the socket. The socket 50 has a through hole 50k with an internal thread 50m. The hole 50k defines axis 11.

The sleeve 49 consists of one without solid residues combustible material, namely a plastic, for Example polyoxymethylene copolymer. The socket 50 consists of an incombustible, metallic material, for example a non-oxidizing gold alloy to which another Gold alloy is pourable.

If a dentist is using a cap 48 want to attach and form an artificial denture, he first places a base 4 in the jawbone 13 on. After the base 4 has healed, the dentist can screw a secondary part 6 into the base 4, one corresponding to the impression cap 15 shown in FIG. 3 Attach the impression cap to the secondary part 6 and one Make an impression. After that, a dental technician can do the in 6 pine model 42 drawn and with the from Manipulation support 43 provided by the manufacturer. Of the Dental technician can now use the one supplied by the manufacturer Cap 48 detachable by means of a screw 9 on the manipulation support 43 fasten. The dental technician can also do at least one temporarily plastically deformable, for example meltable and / or combustible modeling material without solid residues 51 - for example wax or plastic - on the Apply the cap 48 and the modeling material 51 under Use the one created by the dentist in the patient's mouth Form the impression into a body, for example in semi-solid Deform state plastically and / or after hardening grind. Then the dental technician solves the Screw 9, takes the cap provided with modeling material 51 48 from manipulation support 43 and screws the one in FIG. 7 visible screw 55 in the socket 50. Die Locking screw 55 has a hole 50k in the socket 50 filling threaded part and one outside the socket 50 head located. The dental technician then forms one consisting of powder and water, pasty and after a investment hardening for a certain period of time, one in FIG. 7 visible mold 53, which with the modeling material 51 provided cap 48 and also the Fills the interior of the sleeve 49. The mold 53 limits then one through cap 48 and modeling material 51 filled interior 53a and is further filled with one of provided on the outside in this opening hole 53b. After this When the investment is cured, the mold 53 is heated, see above that the plastic sleeve 49 burns and that Modeling material 51 melts and through the hole 53b from the Casting mold flows out and / or also burns. Of the Interior 53a of the mold 53 now only contains the closed with the screw 55 in the mold anchored socket 50. Now a fluid or at least flowable, pourable onto the socket 50, for example from a gold alloy casting material through the hole 53b introduced into the interior 53a of the mold 53. The Casting material then fills the interior 53a of the mold 53 off, is cast onto the socket 50 and solidifies. Here 8 emerges the cap 58 shown in FIG cast body 59 formed by the solidified casting material and the fixedly connected to this socket 50. You can now destroy mold 53, i.e. into pieces, and the Separate cap 58 from mold 53. The cap 58 then has an interior surface 58d and an interior space delimited by it 58e. The inner surface 58d and the interior 58e then have at least approximately the same shapes and dimensions as the inner surfaces 8d, 48d or the inner spaces 8e, 48e. The In particular, cap 58 also has a conical counter surface 58f.

The cap 58 can be cast after casting the cast body 59 if necessary, be sanded. Furthermore, one can veneer 60 made of ceramic or plastic Apply the outer surface of the cap 58 so that the Cap 58 and facing 60 together form a superstructure 61, namely to form an artificial tooth crown. This is designed, for example, to replace a molar tooth provided with a purchase surface, but could also be used as a replacement an incisor or canine. The dentist can do that Cap 58 on the support 3 anchored in the jawbone 13 clip on and with one on the shoulder 7e of the tertiary part 7 Fix the screw 3 attacking the support 3 to the support 3. The cap 48 then lies with its conical counter surface 58f on the bearing surface 4n of the base 4.

The common axis 11 of the socket 50 and screw 9 can with the axis 10 of the manipulation support 43 and the Cap 48 or the support 3 and the cap 58 an angle form, which is slightly larger than that of axes 10 and 11 formed at devices 1 and 21 and to Example is approximately 80 °. The conical surface of the Screw 9 forms the shoulder 7e of the manipulation support 43 or the support fastened in the jawbone 13 3 touching point with the axis 10 an angle that is at least 45 ° and for example approximately 55 °.

The jawbone shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 13 is at a distance with two along the jaw bone 13 provided holes 13a from each other and from the Gingiva 14 covered. The visible in Figures 9 and 10 Device 71 is used to attach and form a artificial dentures, several, namely at least three forms artificial teeth. The device 71 has two Supports 73 with one axis 10 each. Everyone has support an inner part 73a arranged in the jawbone 13 and one outer part 73b located outside the jawbone. Each support has one anchored in one of the holes 13a Base 4, which is essentially identical as in the previously described devices 1, 21 and 41. The base 4 has in particular one in the jawbone 13 sitting, first end 4a, one outside the jawbone located second end 4b and an axial hole 4g with a cylindrical thread having an internal thread 4i Section 4h and a cone surface 4m Extension 4k. Furthermore, the base 4 again has a conical ring and / or bearing surface 4n.

Each support 73 has a holder 75, the two separate parts, namely a one-piece secondary part 76 and has an integral sleeve 77. The secondary part 76 has an inner part 76a which when assembled Device 71 is located in hole 4g of base 4. The inside part 76a consists largely of a bolt-shaped Threaded part with an external thread 76b. The inner part 76a has a cylindrical thickening above the threaded part 76c. The secondary part 76 also has one itself when the device 71 is assembled outside the Base 4 located head 76d. This forms on his a shoulder adjoining the inner part 76a, whose outer area by a conical ring surface 76e is formed. This is away from axis 10 to the second End 4a of the base 4 inclined, forms with the axis 10 an angle of the same size as the conical ring and / or Contact surface 4n of the base 4 and is assembled Device 71 on the ring and / or support surface 4n on. However, the outer diameter of the ring surface is 76e smaller than the outside diameter of the ring and / or contact surface 4n, so that the annular surface 76e only an inner Covered area of area 4n. The head 76d has one conical outer surface tapering away from the inner part 76a 76f, one with the axis 10 enclosed by it forms a smaller angle than the annular surface 76e and Ring and / or bearing surface 4n. The head has 76d furthermore a conical one enclosing the axis 10 Ring groove 76g dividing the outer surface 76f. The further from Inner part 76a of the flank of the annular groove 76g forms one Shoulder 76h The outer edge 76i of the shoulder 76h can be like the outer edge 7f of the shoulder 7e by an axial section convex curved, a small radius of curvature having transition surface or formed by an edge be. The secondary part 76 also has an axial hole 76k, namely in the end facing away from the inner part 76a of the head 76d opening blind hole with a polygonal or star-shaped section and an internal thread Section.

The sleeve 77 of the holder 75 has for the most part outer surface consisting of a conical surface 77a. The Cone surface 77a forms the same angle with axis 10 like the conical surface 4m of the base 4. The outer surface the sleeve 77 may still at its upper end one at least before assembling the device have cylindrical portion. The sleeve 77 has a axial through hole 77b, the lower portion thereof is provided with an internal thread 77c. Hole 77b has an extension 77d above the internal thread 77c, in the area of the casing of the sleeve 77 by axial, slots extending to the top of the sleeve is divided into some, for example four segments.

When the device 71 is assembled, the Sleeve 77 in the extension 4k of the hole 4g of the base 4 and lies with its cone surface 77a on the cone surface 4m of the base 4. The inner part 76a of the secondary part 76 penetrates the hole 77b of the sleeve. The external thread 76b of the secondary part 76 is with the internal thread 77c of the sleeve 77 screwed and through the hole 77b of the sleeve 77 also screwed into the internal thread 4i of the base 4. Furthermore, the thickening 76c of the secondary part 76 projects into the Extension 77d of the hole 77b of the sleeve 77 and spreads their segments apart. The original one, for example Sections of an outer surface forming a cylindrical surface the segments of the sleeve 77 are then at least partially pressed against the conical surface 4m of the base 4. The secondary part 76 is also still on the sleeve 77 on the Cone surface 4m of the hole 4g of the base 4 supported and held.

The device 71 has one for each support 73 this associated cap 78. This consists of a metallic Material, namely titanium. The cap 78 has a jacket and an end section facing away from the base, is largely rotationally symmetrical to the axis 10 of the associated Supports 73, however, has a nose 8c of the cap 8 corresponding nose 78c. The cap 78 has a essential inner surface rotationally symmetrical to axis 10 78d, which delimits an interior space 78e. Its mouth section is from a conical to the axis 10, conical Counter surface 78f limits that when the device is assembled 71 outside the conical ring surface 76e of the secondary part 76 on the conical ring and / or support surface 4n of the base 4 rests. The cap 78 also has a conical inner surface 78g which with the axis 10 den forms the same angle as the conical outer surface 76f. The inner surface 78g very encloses the outer surface 76f small radial clearance, so that the head 76d of the secondary part 76 centered and supported the cap 78, but the cap 78 despite any manufacturing inaccuracies with her conical counter surface 78f firmly and without a gap on the contact surface 4n of the base 4 rests.

The cap 78 has a nose penetrating the nose 78c in hole 78k opening into the interior 78e with an internal thread 78m. A screw 9 is screwed into the hole 78k. The axis 11 of the hole 78k and the screw 9 in turn forms an angle with the axis 10. The conical surface of the tapered end portion 9b of the screw 9 engages with the device 71 assembled on the outer edge 76i Shoulder 76h of the secondary part 76 so that the cap 78 pressed against the base 4 and firmly with the support 73 is connected.

The device 71 has one that can be seen in FIG. 10 Element 79 on which the two caps 78 rigid forms and connects connecting element a metallic one that can be welded to the caps 78 Material, namely titanium. The element 79 is made at least originally from one piece of a profile bar with an approximately heart-shaped profile, for example. The Element 79 has the caps 78 cling well to these End faces and is at its ends by laser welded joints rigidly connected to the two caps.

The caps 78 are in the factory with the part Outlines drawn with dash-dotted lines manufactured and in a separate state a dentist and / or Dental technician delivered. Furthermore, the manufacturer can Dentist also one to form at least one element 79 supply the serving section bar. The one with the dentist collaborating dental technician can then from the profile bar piece produce an element 79 and this through Connect laser welding with the two caps 78. Of the Dental technicians can also use those supplied by the manufacturing plant Capping through a material-removing processing to the in the Figures 9, 10 form caps 78 drawn with full lines. The dental technician can also use element 79 undergo material-removing processing so that it is a for the formation of at least one artificial tooth suitable form receives. The dental technician covers the caps 78 and that Element 79 now with a ceramic or Plastic existing facing 80. The two caps 78, element 79 and veneer 80 then form together a superstructure 81, namely a bridge.

The conical outer surfaces 76f of the heads 76d of the Secondary parts 76 allow in cooperation with the conical Inner surfaces 78g of the caps 78, the superstructure 81 or bridge to the two supports 73, if the axes 10 of the supports 73 and those assigned to them Caps 78 are not exactly parallel to each other. in the the other device has a bridge 71 properties largely similar to those of a single one Device with tooth crown 1.

Now the production is based on Figures 11 and 12 and formation of the finished state in FIG. 12 apparent device 101 described, which like the Device 71 for forming a dental prosthesis with several serves artificial teeth.

12 are in addition to the device 101 A patient's jawbone 13 and the jawbone 13 covering gingiva 14 drawn. For education and A dentist can fix an artificial denture the jawbone 13 with two along this in Provided spaced holes 13a from which one can be seen in FIG. 12. The dentist screw a base 4 into each of these holes 13a, lets it heal, then attaches to each base 4 a secondary part 6 and an impression cap an impression and removes the impression cap and possibly also the secondary parts again.

A dental technician then creates based on the impression that shown in FIG. 11, as in FIG. 6 with 42 designated pine model and provides this with two Manipulation supports 103, which are supplied by the manufacturer Parts are assembled. Any manipulation support 103 has one arranged in the jaw model 42 Inner part 103a and one outside the jaw model located outer part 103b. Any manipulation support 103 has a one-piece manipulation implant 44 that is the same is designed like the manipulation implant shown in FIG. 6 and accordingly one in the jaw model 42 seated base 44a, one outside the jaw model 42 located head 44b, a threaded bore 44c and has a conical annular surface 44n.

Each manipulation support 103 defines an axis 10 and has a screw 106 with a threaded part and a head. The manipulation support also has one detachable with the screw 106 on the manipulation implant 44 attached, sleeve-shaped tertiary part coaxial to the axis 10 107. This has a continuous, axial hole 107a, that at the mouth located at the bottom in FIG. 11 is delimited by a conical annular surface 107b, which at Assembled manipulation support 103 away from the axis 10 is inclined downwards, with the axis 10 the same angle forms the same outer diameter as the annular surface 44n has like the ring surface 44n and rests on it. The hole 107a has a head 44b of the manipulation implant 44 enclosing inner surface 107c, the cross-section of the Example is equal to how a section of the head is octagonal and eight the tertiary against rotation with respect to head 44b has secure, flat surfaces and edges. The hole 107a has a constriction 107d above its octagonal section and above this again an extension 107e that the head the screw 106 contains. The tertiary part 107 has one conical outer and support surface tapering upwards 107f, the annular groove 107g surrounding the axis 10 is divided. The flank of the farther away from the base 44a Ring groove 107g forms a shoulder enclosing axis 10 107h, whose outer edge 107i in turn by an axial section convex curved transition surface with a small radius of curvature or is formed by an edge.

The manufacturer also manufactures and delivers the parts of the supports 103, 113 on the manipulation supports 103 attachable caps 108, one of which is shown in FIG. 11 can be seen. Each cap 108 has a sleeve 109 a combustible plastic without solid residues and one metallic bushing made of a gold alloy 110. This is fastened to the sleeve 109 in the same way as the bushing 50 on the sleeve 49. The cap 108 has an interior 108e and a conical one formed by the inner surface of the sleeve 109 Counter surface 108f. This tapers away from the base 44a coaxial to axis 10 and forms the same angle with it like the outer and support surface 107f of the tertiary 107. The bushing 110 has an axial through hole 110k an internal thread 110m. The screwed into the socket 110 Screw 9 has a common axis 11 with this, engages with its tapered end section on the outer edge 107i of the shoulder 107h and presses the conical Counter surface 108f on the conical outer and support surface 107f of the tertiary 107. The mouth of the interior 108e bounding edge of the cap 108 extends up to the outer edges of the conical ring surfaces 44n and 107b.

The dental technician can use a modeling material 111 the caps 108 attached to the manipulation supports 103 apply. Then a cap that surrounds each cap can be corresponding to the mold 53 shown in FIG. 7 Mold are made. Furthermore, the Sleeves 109 burned and the modeling material 111 melted and / or burned. After that one can flowable casting material, namely a molten one Gold alloy, pour into the interior of the molds and make two caps 118, one in the 12 and each of which has a socket 110 and one cast onto them from the casting material cast body 119 formed. Each cap 118 is limited an interior 118e and has an axis 10 surrounding to this coaxial, conical counter surface 118f.

The dental technician connects the two caps 118 through a connecting element not visible in FIG. 12, the for example, by means of a casting connection rigid with the caps is connected. The caps 118 can be veneered 120 made of ceramic or plastic and then each form an artificial crown. For example from a Gold alloy existing fastener can also be used be provided with a veneer and then at least one form an artificial tooth. The two caps 118 form together with the connecting element a superstructure 121, i.e. a bridge.

After completion of the superstructure, the Dentist who may have previously unscrewed from the bases 4 Screw the secondary parts 6 back into the base 4 and on each secondary part 6 with a screw 106 attach a tertiary 107. The one tertiary part 107 penetrating screw 106 then presses the conical Annular surface 107b of the tertiary 107 to the conical Annular surface 4n of the associated base 4. Furthermore, the Tertiary part 107 through its octagonal inner surface 107c secured against rotation with respect to the secondary part 6. Each base 4 then forms together with a secondary part 6, a screw 106 and a tertiary part 107 Support 113 with an inner part arranged in the jaw bone 13 113a and one outside the jawbone Outer part 113b. The secondary part 6, the screw 106 and the tertiary part 107 together form a holder 115 for holding a cap 118.

The dentist can connect the two through the connector interconnected caps 118 on the supports 113 attach and fasten to it with screws 9. The on attacking the outer edges 107i of the shoulders 107h Screws 9 then generate forces that are conical Mating surfaces 118f of the caps 118 on the conical bearing surface Press on 107f of tertiary 107.

The caps 108 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and 118 lie with their conical counter surfaces 108f or 118f not on the conical ring surfaces 44n or 4n the base 44a or 4, but on that of tertiary parts 107 formed, conical bearing surfaces 107f.

However, it would be possible to close the tertiary parts 107 in this way change it only on the inner areas of the conical Ring surfaces 4n and 44n rest. The caps could also 108, 118 can be changed such that they are analogous to those in 9 and 10 drawn caps 78 with a their conical counter surface outside their lower edge the conical ring surface 107b of the tertiary parts 107 the outer areas of the conical ring surfaces 44n and 4n the base 44a or 4 rest. The ring surfaces 44n and 4n of the base 44a and 4 would then both as contact surfaces for the tertiary parts 107 as well Serving surfaces for the caps 108 and 118 serve.

Conversely, the head 76d of the one in FIGS 10 visible secondary parts 76 so that the conical ring surfaces 76e of these secondary parts the whole Cover ring surfaces 4n of base 4. The conical outer surface 76f of the secondary part heads 76d could then be used as contact surfaces serve on which the caps 78 with their then as 78g of conical counter surfaces serving inner surfaces.

13 is a jawbone 13 with a hole 13a can be seen that because of an abnormal formation of the Jawbones or other reasons against a vertical is inclined. 13 are the jawbones 13 covering gingiva 14 and a device 131 can be seen, which, for example, has several artificial teeth Forms dentures. The device 131 has a support 133 with an inner part 133a and an outer part 133b, wherein the two latter parts 133a, 133b in turn located inside or outside the jawbone. The for Support 133 belonging socket 134 defines one with the axis of the hole 13a coinciding axis 135 has the same Outline shape as the base 4 and has one in the jawbone 13 seated invisible first end, a second, second end arranged outside the jawbone 13 as well as a conical on the axis 135 coaxial ring and / or bearing surface 134n, the analog is designed like the conical ring and / or support surface 4n the base 4. The base 134 also has one in its second End opening hole that is the same as hole 4g of base 4 or can be designed differently. Support 133 owns further an outer and / or secondary part 136, which is located outside the jawbone 13 and with Example of an invisible screw rigid is attached to the base 134. The outside and / or Secondary part 136 defines an approximately vertical, with which Axis 135 forms an angle axis 137. The outside and / or Secondary part 136 has a conical shape to axis 137 coaxial, tapering away from base 134 Outer surface 136f and one enclosing axis 137 Ring groove 136g. Their flank further away from base 134 forms a shoulder 136h coaxial with axis 137 with one Outer edge 136i.

The device 131 has a cap 138 with a Interior 138e. Its mouth facing the base 134 is delimited by a conical counter surface 138f. This is coaxial to axis 135 and is assembled Device 131 on the conical ring and / or support surface 134n of the base 134. Most of the interior 138e of the cap 138 is from a conical to the axis 137 coaxial inner surface 138g enclosed. This forms with the axis 137 the same angle as the conical Outer surface 136f and encloses the latter when assembled Device 131 with very little radial play. The Cap 138 also has a hole opening into the interior 138e 138k with an internal thread 138m. Hole 138k defines one Axis 11, both with axis 135 and with the axis 137 forms an angle. One screwed into hole 138k Screw 9 engages with the conical surface of its end section 9b on the outer edge 136i of the shoulder 136h and thereby produces a force that the conical counter surface 138f of the cap 138 to the conical ring and / or support surface 134n of the base 134 presses.

For example, cap 138 may be made of titanium and from the manufacturer's plant with the one with dash-dotted lines Lines drawn outlined outline form, for your use through a connector with another cap connected, milled into the shape drawn with full lines and / or ground and with a facing 140 be provided. The cap 138 can then together with the other, invisible cap, the connecting element and the veneer 140 a superstructure 141, i.e. a bridge.

The devices can be modified in other ways become. In particular, features of various devices described combined become. For example, you can use one as a bridge serving superstructure with an analogous design to cap 28, caps made of a gold alloy, to which then when using a dental technician other gold alloy can be cast on, which is one of the Carrier layer 35 forms a corresponding carrier layer.

Furthermore, one can manufacture a device that more than two, for example three or four supports. The superstructure can then be one of the number of supports have the corresponding number of caps by connecting elements rigidly connected to each other Supports plugged in and fastened to them with screws 9 are.

Furthermore, one can possibly replace one instead of 3 Support with a one-piece body that the has the same outer shape as a base 4 and one with this connected secondary part 6 or even the Forms holding section 7b of the tertiary part. The same applies to the supports 73 and 113 as well as for the manipulation supports.

Otherwise you can support described instead of on one Attach the lower jaw bone to an upper jaw bone, see above that the lower and upper ends of the supports and those on them attached caps then opposite the drawn positions are reversed.

Claims (23)

1. Device for forming a dental prosthesis, with at least one support (3,43,73,103,113,133), at least one cap (8,28,48,58,78,108,118,138) and a screw (9) which serves to fasten this cap on the support (3,43,73,103,113, 133) and has a thread (9a), the support (3,43,73,103,113,133) having an end intended for insertion into a jawbone (13) and/or into a jaw model (42), an outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b,113b,133b) intended to be arranged outside the jawbone (13) or the jaw model (42), and also a bearing surface (4n,44n, 107f,134n), and the cap (8,28,48,58,78,108,118,138) delimiting an inner space (8e,28e,48e,58e,78e,108e,118e,138e), being mountable on the outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b,113b,133b), and having a countersurface (8f,28f,48f, 58f,78f,108f,118f,138f) intended for bearing against the bearing surface (4n, 44n,107f,134n) and surrounding a first axis (10,135), and a hole (8k,28k, 50k,78k,110k,138k) for the screw (9), which opens into the inner space (8e, 28e,48e,58e,78e,108e,118e,138e) and defines a second axis (11), characterized in that the outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b,113b,133b) has a shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) which faces said end of the support (3,43,73, 103,113,133) at least when the device has been assembled, in that the hole (8k,28k,50k,78k,110k,138k) of the cap (8,28,48,58,78,108,118,138) has an internal thread (8m,28m,50m,78m,110m,138m), in that the second axis (11) forms an angle with the first axis (10,135) and in that the screw (9) has an end section (9b) tapering away from its thread (9a) and, when the cap (8,28,48, 58,78,108,118,138) is arranged on the outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b,113b, 133b), can be screwed into the internal thread (8m,28m,50m,78m,110m, 138m) of the cap (8,28,48,58,78,108,118,138) in such a manner that the end section (9b) of the screw (9) engages on the shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) and thus generates a force pressing the countersurface (8f,28f,48f,58f,78f, 108f,118f,138f) against the bearing aurface (4n,44n,107f,134n).
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) is annular and runs along the circumference of the outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b,113b,133b).
3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) has an outer border (7f,76i,107i,136i) which consists of an edge and/or has a transition surface which is curved convexly in a section running through said two axes (10,11,135) and the radius of curvature of which amounts to at most 0,5 mm and preferably at most 0,3 mm, and in that the screw (9) is designed and arranged in such a manner that its end section (9b) engages on the outer border (7f,76i,107i,136i) of the shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) when the device has been assembled.
4. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the screw (9) consists of a harder material than the material forming the shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h).
5. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cap (8,28,48,58,78,108,118,138) has a compact, hole-free end section (8b, 28b,49b) which faces away from said end of the support (3,43,73,103 113,133) when the device has been assembled.
6. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hole (8k,28k,50k,78k,110k,138k) of the cap (8,28,48,58,78,108,118,138) is inclined away outwards from the first end of the support (3,43,73,103,113, 133) when the device has been assembled and in that the angle formed by the second axis (11) of the hole (8k,28k,50k,78k,110k,138k) of the cap (8, 28,48,58,78,108,118,138) with the first axis (10,135) amounts to less than 90° at least 30°, preferably at least 45°, and for example 55° to 85°.
7. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the bearing surface (4n,44n,107f,134n) and the countersurface (8f,28f,48f,58f, 78f,108f,118f,138f) are conical and inclined outwards towards said end of the support (3,43,73,103,113,133) when the device has been assembled.
8. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support (3,73,113,133) has an elongate, one-piece base (4,134) with a first end (4a) forming said end of the support (3,73,113,133), a second end (4b) facing away from this end and a hole (4g) opening into the second end, in that a section (4h) of this hole (4g) has an internal thread (4i), in that the base (4,134) has at its second end (4b) a conical annular surface (4n,134n) which surrounds the mouth of its hole (4g) and is inclined outwards in relation to its first end (4a), and in that the support (3,73,113,133) has a holder (5,75,115) which has an inner part (6a,76a), which is arranged in the hole (4g) of the base (4) when the device has been assembled, with an external thread (6b, 76b) screwed together with the internal thread (4i) of the base (4,134), and projects out of the base (4,134).
9. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the hole (4g) of the base (4) has, between the internal thread (4i) and the mouth, a section (4k) widening towards the latter with a cone surface (4m) and in that the holder (5,75) has a cone surface (6c,77a) intended for bearing against the cone surface (4m) of the hole (4g) of the base (4).
10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the holder (5) has a one-piece secondary part (6), in that the secondary part (6) forms the inner part (6a) having the external thread (6b) and the cone surface (6c) intended for bearing against the cone surface (4m) of the hole (4g) of the base (4), and has a head (6d) intended for projecting out of the hole (4g) of the base (4) with circumferential surface sections which are nonrotationally symmetrical in relation to the axis (10) of the secondary part (6) and/or corners distributed around said axis (10).
11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the secondary part (6) has an axial threaded bore (6i) opening into an end side (6h) of the head (6d) and in that a one-piece tertiary part (7) is present, which has a threaded part (7a) intended for screwing into the threaded bore (6i) of the secondary part (6) and also a holding section (7b), intended for projecting out of the head (6d) of the secondary part (6) with an annular groove (7d) forming the shoulder (7e).
12. Device according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the cap (8) has inner surface sections and/or corners which are non-rotationally symmetrical in relation to the axis (10) and intended for engaging on said circumferential surface sections and/or corners of the head (6d).
13. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the holder (115) has a tertiary part (107) with a conical outer surface (107f), an annular groove (107g) forming the shoulder (107h) and an axial hole (107a), in that the tertiary part (107) has a conical annular surface (107b) intended for bearing against the conical annular surface (4n) of the base (4), and in that a screw (106) is present, which can be screwed into the threaded bore (6i) of the secondary part (6) through the hole (107a) of the tertiary part (107) for connecting the tertiary part (107) to the secondary part (6).
14. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the holder (75) has a one-piece secondary part (76) and a sleeve (77), in that the secondary part (76) has the inner part (76a) having the external thread (76b) and a head (76d) which projects out of the hole (4g) of the base (4) when the device has been assembled, in that the head (76d) has a conical outer surface (76f) tapering away from the inner part (76a), an annular groove (76g) forming the shoulder (76h), and a conical annular surface (76e) bearing against the annular surface (4n) of the base (4), in that the conical outer surface (76f) of the head (76d) forms a smaller angle with the first axis (10) than the conical annular surfaces (4n, 76e), in that the sleeve (77) forms the cone surface (77a) of the holder (75) bearing against the cone surface (4m) of the hole (4g) of the base (4) and has an axial hole (77b) with an internal thread (77c), and in that the external thread (76b) of the secondary part (76) is screwed together with the internal thread (77c) of the sleeve (77).
15. Device according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the conical outer surface (107f) forms the bearing surface (107f).
16. Device according to one of Claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the conical annular surface (4n,134n) of the base (4,134) forms the bearing surface (4n,134n).
17. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the cap (8,78,138) consists of titanium.
18. Device according to Claim 17, characterized in that an element (79), which consists of titanium and serves for forming and/or holding at least one artificial tooth, is connected to the cap (78) by a laser-welded connection.
19. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the cap (48,108) has a sleeve (49,109) consisting of a burnable material, in particular plastic, and, fastened on this, a metal bushing (50,110) forming the internal thread (50m,110m) of the cap (48,108).
20. Method of manufacturing a device for forming a dental prosthesis, at least one support (3,43,73,103,113,133), one cap (8,28,48,58, 78,108,118,138) and one screw (9) which serves for fastening the cap on the support (3,43,73,103,113,133) and has a thread (9a) are manufactured, the support (3,43,73,103,113,133) having an end which can be inserted into a jawbone (13) and/or into a jaw model (42), an outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b, 113b,133b) intended to be arranged outside the jawbone (13) or the jaw model (42), and also a bearing surface (4n,44n,107f,134n), and the cap (8, 28,48,58,78,108,118,138) delimiting an inner space (8e,28e,48e,58e,78e, 108e,118e,138e), being mountable on the outer part (3b,43b,73b,103b, 113b,133b), and having a countersurface (8f,28f,48f,58f,78f,108f,118f,138f) intended for bearing against the bearing surface (4n,44n,107f,134n) and surrounding a first axis (10,135), and a hole (8k,28k,50k,78k,110k,138k) which opens into the inner space (8e,28e,48e,58e,78e,108e,118e,138e) and defines a second axis (11), characterized in that the outer part (3b,43b,73b, 103b,113b,133b) is provided with a shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) which faces said end of the support (3,43,73,103,113,133) during assembly of the device in that the hole (8k,28k,50k,78k,110k,138k) of the cap (8,28,48,58, 78,108,118,138) is provided with an internal thread (8m,28m,50m,78m, 110m,138m) and arranged in such a manner that the second axis (11) forms an angle with the first axis (10,135), and in that the screw (9) is provided with an end section (9b) tapering away from the thread (9a) and is screwed into the hole (8k,28k,50k,78k,110k,138k) in such a manner that, when the cap (8, 28,48,58,78,108,118,138) has been mounted on the outer part (3b), the end section (9b) of the screw (9) engages on the shoulder (7e,76h,107h,136h) and thus generates a force pressing the countersurface (8f,28f,48f,78f,108f, 118f,138f) against the bearing surface (4n,44n,107f,134n).
21. Method according to Claim 20, characterized in that the cap (8, 78,138) is manufactured from titanium.
22. Method according to Claim 21, characterized in that an element (79) consisting of titanium is connected to the cap (78) by a laser-welded connection in order to hold and/or form at least one artificial tooth.
23. Method according to Claim 20, characterized in that a sleeve (49,109) consisting of a burnable material, in particular a plastic, is manufactured, in that a metal bushing (50,110) with an axial threaded bore is manufactured and fastened on the sleeve (49,109) so that the latter forms, together with the bushing (50,110), the cap (48,108) and the threaded bore of the bushing (50,110) forms the internal thread (50m,110m) of the cap (48,108), in that meltable and/or burnable modelling material (51,111), for example wax or plastic, is applied on the outside to the cap (48,108), in that a casting mould (53) is manufactured, which surrounds the cap (48,108) provided with modelling material (51,111) and fills the inner space (48e,108e) thereof, in that the sleeve (49,109) is burned and the modelling material (51,111) is melted and/or burned so that a hollow inner space (53a) is produced in the casting mould (53), and in that this is filled with a casting material so that a cast body (59,119) is produced, which together with the bushing (50,110) forms a cap (58,118).

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