EP0573039B1 - Fibre mats containing a binding agent made from cellulosic and ligno-cellulosic fibres - Google Patents
Fibre mats containing a binding agent made from cellulosic and ligno-cellulosic fibres Download PDFInfo
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- EP0573039B1 EP0573039B1 EP93108937A EP93108937A EP0573039B1 EP 0573039 B1 EP0573039 B1 EP 0573039B1 EP 93108937 A EP93108937 A EP 93108937A EP 93108937 A EP93108937 A EP 93108937A EP 0573039 B1 EP0573039 B1 EP 0573039B1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102100040428 Chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
- B27N3/143—Orienting the particles or fibres
Definitions
- Binder-containing fiber mats made of cellulose or lignocellulosic fibers (wood fibers), which are processed into molded parts by hot pressing, are known in a wide variety of compositions and are pressed into self-supporting molded parts in various ways.
- the shaping possibilities of such fiber mats during hot pressing are primarily limited by their inadequate tensile strength.
- the low fiber cohesion of the only moderately compacted mats very soon leads to fiber separations during the forming process, so that locally faulty molded parts as rejects cannot always be avoided.
- Binder concentrations in the surface influence the physical characteristics of the finished molded part, but have no influence on the deformability of the fiber mats.
- Deformation aids in the form of power transmission cloths between the tool and the fiber mat stabilizing cloths
- fabrics in the middle of the mat only leads to incomplete solutions to the problem.
- the present problem can be characterized as follows: If complicated molded parts are desired, steaming of the wood fiber mats, multi-stage deformation and the use of stabilizing cloths are still necessary in production practice - all in all, an effort that makes production more difficult and more expensive.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide wood fiber mats of the type described, the shaping behavior of which is improved without additional material expenditure.
- outer layers defining the surfaces have a higher compression than the inner layers, which consist predominantly of the same material, initially increases their tensile strength, without additional material expenditure. They can therefore transmit more tensile forces and act like the additional stabilizing layers of the stated prior art.
- Another advantage of mats according to the invention is that with an additional compression of more than 40% of the outer layers which contain at least 20% by weight of fiber material of the mat, the overall thickness of the mat is reduced.
- Fiber mats of the type described are not only shaped in the manufacture of molded parts, but also compressed. Here occur at places where the molding surfaces of the tools are oriented approximately parallel to the pressing direction are shear forces in the fiber mat, which lead to tears and defects in the molded part.
- the reduction in thickness of wood fiber mats according to the invention also creates better deformation conditions. In the central region of the mat, the fiber displaceability required for the deformability of the fiber mat is retained due to the lower mat compression given here.
- the higher tensile strength of the higher density outer layers and the resulting improved deformability of the wood fiber mats, the still good mobility of the fibers in the larger part of the mat and the improved deformation conditions due to the improved geometrical conditions due to the reduced mat thickness work together in such a way that at Forming the mat blanks into shaped parts, the damping of the fiber mat blanks and additional traction-transmitting aids - such as fabric coverings - can be dispensed with in the majority of cases.
- Wood fiber mats of the type described are in principle produced by spreading the glued wood fibers onto a running belt.
- the fibers are given a preferred direction of orientation in the running direction of the belt.
- the tensile strength of the outer layers with the higher compression is consequently anisotropic: across the direction of formation of the mats, it is significantly lower than in the direction of formation. This is disadvantageous for the formation of the mats into the molded part, since the tensile forces can act in any surface direction of the mat and must be transmitted.
- the higher-density outer layer consists of a large number of individual layers, the fiber arrangements of which are approximately orthotropic to one another are oriented, that is to say they intersect approximately at an angle of 90 °, this disadvantage is avoided and the deformation properties of the fiber mat are independent of the directions of deformation, that is to say of the (later) molded part geometry.
- the large number of individual layers from which the higher-density outer layers are formed with orthotropically oriented fibers makes it easier for the mats to be completely oriented in the entire volume of the outer layers, since only thin individual layers have to be "completely oriented".
- a fiber orientation in which the orthotropic orientation of the fibers changes alternately in the individual layers can therefore be advantageous for mat production.
- Wood fiber mats are often used to a small extent other fiber materials, e.g. Polymer fibers, mixed.
- the term "longer fiber” refers to the length of the shorter wood fibers, which does not exceed 10 mm.
- mats the outer layers of which have a specific weight of more than 0.5 g / cm 3, while the specific weight of the middle layer is between 0.3 and 0.4 g / cm 3, have an optimal range of properties with regard to manufacture and handling the mats as well as the molding production. Also the handling of the mats Their storage, for cutting and transportation is facilitated by higher density outer layers due to the increased plate rigidity.
- Fig. 2 different scattering devices 6 are indicated for the formation of the outer layers, the thickened middle layer is spread by a further spreading head 7.
- the circumferential belts 5, onto which the preferably identical and pre-glued fiber material is scattered, run in the direction of the arrow and effect the mat transport.
- Two pairs of calender rolls 3 are preheated and cause both the compression of the two outer layers 2 and, if necessary, their stabilizing stabilization by softening at least one component of the binder without crosslinking.
- a fiber orientation in the pre-compressed outer layers 2 of the fiber mat 1, 2 can be achieved, for example, in that the calender rolls 3 have surface patterns, for example in the form of oblique grooves.
- FIG. 2 shows, for example, how three-layer mats 8 according to the invention can be produced. Other procedures, even a larger number of layers are possible; e.g. outer layers 2 identical to the material can also be prefabricated separately and connected to the middle layer 1 in another way.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
Bindemittelhaltige Fasermatten aus Zellulose- bzw. Lignozellulosefasern (Holzfasern), die durch Heißpressen zu Formteilen verarbeitet werden, sind in mannigfaltiger Zusammensetzung bekannt und werden auf verschiedenste Weise zu selbsttragenden Formteilen verpreßt. Die Formgebungsmöglichkeiten derartiger Fasermatten bei warmem Verpressen werden dabei vor allem durch deren mangelhafte Zugfestigkeit begrenzt. Der geringe Faserzusammenhalt der nur mittelstark verdichteten Matten führt sehr bald zu Fasertrennungen während des Umformvorganges, so daß ortlich fehlerhaftge Formteile als Ausschußware nciht immer zu vermeiden sind.Binder-containing fiber mats made of cellulose or lignocellulosic fibers (wood fibers), which are processed into molded parts by hot pressing, are known in a wide variety of compositions and are pressed into self-supporting molded parts in various ways. The shaping possibilities of such fiber mats during hot pressing are primarily limited by their inadequate tensile strength. The low fiber cohesion of the only moderately compacted mats very soon leads to fiber separations during the forming process, so that locally faulty molded parts as rejects cannot always be avoided.
In der Vergangenheit gab es daher mancherlei technologischen Anregungen, um das Umformverhalten - wenn möglich, gekoppelt an eine Formteilverbesserung - zu verbessern. In nahezu allen Fällen wird eine derartige Verbesserung durch die Anwendung der sogenannten Faserverbund-Technologie angestrebt, wobei die Holzfasern in recht unterschiedlicher Weise mit Kunst- oder Naturfasern kombiniert bzw. verbunden werden.In the past, there were therefore various technological suggestions to improve the forming behavior - if possible, coupled with an improvement of the molded part improve. In almost all cases, such an improvement is sought through the use of the so-called fiber composite technology, with the wood fibers being combined or connected with synthetic or natural fibers in quite different ways.
Im einzelnen läßt sich die technologische Entwicklung gemäß dem hier interessierenden Stand anhand der nachfolgend aufgeführten Stichworte klassifizieren:
- Anreichung der Mattenoberflächen mit zusätzlichen Bindemitteln (DE-OS 38 14 996);
- Inhomogene Bindemittelverteilung innerhalb der Matte, ebenfalls mit Anreicherung von Bindemitteln in der Mattenoberfläche (DE-P 32 33 385);
- Übertragung der Umformkräfte vom Werkzeug auf die Mattenzuschnitte mit Hilfe von Gewebe-Schichten zur besseren Verteilung, vor allem aber zur Homogenisierung der Krafteinleitung (DE-P 27 59 279, DE-P 27 01 480);
- Einlagerung von Geweben größerer Zugfestigkeit in die Mittelschicht der Fasermatten (DE-P 34 03 670, EP-OS 0 179 301);
- Homogenes Einarbeiten von zugfesten Kunst- oder Naturfasern in die Holzfasermatte mit anschließendem Vernadeln der Matte, um deren Faserzusammenhalt zu erhöhen.
- Einbringen von Kunst- oder Naturfasern höherer Festigkeit alternierend schichtweise in das gesamte Mattenvolumen (DE-P 39 17 787), und
- Aufbringen von mit der Matte verbundenen Stabilisierungsauflagen, die im wesentlichen dehnungsfrei während der Verformung Zugkräfte aufnehmen können. Derartige Schichten werden in Form von Deckschichtauflagen aus Fäden höherer Zugfestigkeit vorgeschlagen, deren Dicke vernachlässigbar ist gegenüber der Dicke der Fasermatte (DE-P 37 21 663).
- Enrichment of the mat surfaces with additional binders (DE-OS 38 14 996);
- Inhomogeneous binder distribution within the mat, also with enrichment of binders in the mat surface (DE-P 32 33 385);
- Transfer of the forming forces from the tool to the mat blanks with the help of fabric layers for better distribution, but above all for homogenizing the application of force (DE-P 27 59 279, DE-P 27 01 480);
- Incorporation of fabrics with greater tensile strength in the middle layer of the fiber mats (DE-P 34 03 670, EP-OS 0 179 301);
- Homogeneous incorporation of tensile synthetic or natural fibers into the wood fiber mat with subsequent needling of the mat to increase its fiber cohesion.
- Introducing synthetic or natural fibers of higher strength alternating layers in the entire mat volume (DE-P 39 17 787), and
- Applying stabilization pads connected to the mat, which can absorb tensile forces essentially without stretching during the deformation. Such layers are proposed in the form of cover layers made of threads of higher tensile strength, the thickness of which is negligible compared to the thickness of the fiber mat (DE-P 37 21 663).
Wenn auch - vor allem durch Kombination mehrerer der aufgeführten Maßnahmen - in letzter Zeit erheblicher technologischer Fortschritt auf dem Gebiet der Formteilfertigung aus Holzfasermatten erzielt werden konnte, so haften den einzelnen Maßnahmen jedoch auch heute noch nicht hinznehmende Mängel an. Bindemittelkonzentrationen in der Oberfläche, sei es nun als zusätzliche Beleimung oder als inhomogene Bindemittelverteilung, beeinflussen zwar die physikalischen Kennwerte des fertigen Formteiles, haben jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die Verformbarkeit der Fasermatten. Verformungshilfen in Form von Kraftübertragungstüchern zwischen Werkzeug und Fasermatte (Stabilisierungstücher), wie sie bis heute zur Fertigungstechnik gehören, wenn komplizierte Formgebungen erzielt werden müssen, sind aufwendig, teuer und verschleißen schnell. Auch die Einarbeitung von Geweben in die Mattenmitte führt nur zu unvollständigen Problemlösungen. Da die Umformkräfte über die Mattenoberflächen eingeleitet werden, ist die Wirkung von Verformungshilfen in der Mitte der Fasermatte nur unvollständig, so daß Beschädigungen bei komplizierterer Formgebung nur durch die zusätzliche Verwendung von Stabilisierungstüchern vermieden werden können. Die homogene Verteilung von zugfesten Zusatzfasern innerhalb einer Holzfasermatte und deren Verbindung mit der Holzfaser durch das Nadeln mittels Fäden führt zwar zu einer guten Verteilung der eingeleiteten Zugkräfte, die Vernadelung vermindert aber die Verschieblichkeit der Einzelfaser so sehr, daß komplizierte Formgebungen stark behindert werden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich bei derartigen Matten die Oberflächeneigenschaften - und damit alle oberflächenabhängigen Formteileigenschaften - nicht beeinflussen. Als Eigenschaft sei hier nur stellvertretend genannt, die Formteil-Festigkeit und -Steifigkeit infolge verbesserter mechanischer Eigenschaften der Außenschichten, der sogenannten Sandwich-Effekt, die Oberflächendichte, die Wasseraufnahme sowie die Haftgrundeigenschaften bei der Verklebung von Kaschierungen.Although considerable technological progress in the field of molded part production from wood fiber mats has recently been achieved, especially by combining several of the measures listed, the individual measures still have non-accepting shortcomings. Binder concentrations in the surface, whether as additional gluing or as an inhomogeneous binder distribution, influence the physical characteristics of the finished molded part, but have no influence on the deformability of the fiber mats. Deformation aids in the form of power transmission cloths between the tool and the fiber mat (stabilizing cloths), as they are still part of manufacturing technology today, when complicated shapes have to be achieved, are complex, expensive and wear out quickly. The incorporation of fabrics in the middle of the mat only leads to incomplete solutions to the problem. Since the forming forces are introduced via the mat surfaces, the effect of deformation aids in the middle of the fiber mat is only incomplete, so that damage is more complicated Shaping can only be avoided by the additional use of stabilizing wipes. The homogeneous distribution of tensile additional fibers within a wood fiber mat and their connection with the wood fiber by needling by means of threads leads to a good distribution of the tensile forces introduced, but the needling reduces the displaceability of the individual fibers so much that complicated shapes are severely hampered. In addition, the surface properties - and thus all surface-dependent molded part properties - cannot be influenced in such mats. As a characteristic, the strength and stiffness of the molded part due to the improved mechanical properties of the outer layers, the so-called sandwich effect, the surface density, the water absorption and the adhesive properties when gluing laminations are mentioned here as representative.
Das Einarbeiten der verschiedenen Verstärkungsfasern in alternierende Schichten verbindet zwar die Vorteile einer homogenen Faserverteilung mit guter Faserverschieblichkeit, eine Beeinflussung der Oberflächenqualität der späteren Formteile ist jedoch auch mit diesem Verfahren nicht möglich.The incorporation of the different reinforcing fibers in alternating layers combines the advantages of a homogeneous fiber distribution with good fiber displaceability, but it is also not possible with this method to influence the surface quality of the later molded parts.
Zusammenfassend läßt sich die vorliegende Problematik etwa wie folgt charakterisieren: Werden komplizierte Formteile gewünscht, so ist in der Fertigungspraxis immer noch das Dämpfen der Holzfasermatten, die Mehrstufenverformung und die Verwendung von Stabilisierungstüchern notwendig - insgesamt ein Aufwand, der die Produktion erschwert und verteuert.In summary, the present problem can be characterized as follows: If complicated molded parts are desired, steaming of the wood fiber mats, multi-stage deformation and the use of stabilizing cloths are still necessary in production practice - all in all, an effort that makes production more difficult and more expensive.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, Holzfasermatten der beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, deren Umformverhalten ohne zusätzlichen Materialaufwand verbessert ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide wood fiber mats of the type described, the shaping behavior of which is improved without additional material expenditure.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung an.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of
Dadurch, daß die die Oberflächen vorgebenden Außenschichten gegenüber der bzw. den überwiegend aus dem gleichen Material bestehenden Innenschichten eine höhere Verdichtung aufweisen, erhöht sich zunächst deren Zugfestigkeit, und zwar ohne zusätzlichen Materialaufwand. Sie können also mehr Zugkräfte übertragen und wirken wie die zusätzlichen Stabilisierungsschichten des angegebenen Standes der Technik.The fact that the outer layers defining the surfaces have a higher compression than the inner layers, which consist predominantly of the same material, initially increases their tensile strength, without additional material expenditure. They can therefore transmit more tensile forces and act like the additional stabilizing layers of the stated prior art.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, daß alle zum erprobten Stand der Technik gehörenden Varianten der Holzfasermatten mit erfindungsgemäßer Zusatzverdichtung der Außenschichten versehen werden können; durch die Erfindung wird die Anwendungsbreite dieser Matten nicht eingeschränkt.It is particularly advantageous here that all variants of the wood fiber mats belonging to the tried and tested state of the art can be provided with additional compression of the outer layers according to the invention; the scope of application of these mats is not restricted by the invention.
Ein weiterer Vorteil erfindungsgemäßer Matten liegt darin, daß bei einer Zusatzverdichtung von mehr als 40 % der Außenschichten, die mindestens 20 Gew.% Fasermaterial der Matte enthalten, die Gesamtdicke der Matte gemindert wird. Fasermatten der beschriebenen Art werden bei der Formteilefertigung nicht nur geformt, sondern auch verdichtet. Hierbei treten an Stellen, an denen die Formteilflächen der Werkzeuge näherungsweise parallel zur Preßrichtung orientiert sind, Scherkräfte in der Fasermatte auf, die zu Reißern und Fehlstellen im Formteil führen. Die Dickenverminderung erfindungsgemäßer Holzfasermatten schafft also auch bessere Verformungsbedingungen. Dabei bleibt in dem Mittelbereich der Matte die für die Verformungsfähigkeit der Fasermatte notwendige Faserverschieblichkeit infolge der hier gegebenen geringeren Mattenverdichtung erhalten. Die höhere Zugfestigkeit der höher verdichteten Außenschichten und die daraus resultierende verbesserte Verformungsfähigkeit der Holzfasermatten, die nach wie vor erhaltene gute Verschieblichkeit der Fasern im größeren Teil der Matte und die verbesserten Verformungsbedingungen infolge der durch die verringerte Mattendicke verbesserten geometrischen Verhältnisse wirken dabei derart zusammen, daß beim Ausformen der Mattenzuschnitte zu Formteilen auf das Dämpfen der Fasermattenzuschnitte und auf zusätzliche zugkraftübertragende Hilfsmittel - wie Gewebeauflagen - in der Mehrzahl der Fälle verzichtet werden kann.Another advantage of mats according to the invention is that with an additional compression of more than 40% of the outer layers which contain at least 20% by weight of fiber material of the mat, the overall thickness of the mat is reduced. Fiber mats of the type described are not only shaped in the manufacture of molded parts, but also compressed. Here occur at places where the molding surfaces of the tools are oriented approximately parallel to the pressing direction are shear forces in the fiber mat, which lead to tears and defects in the molded part. The reduction in thickness of wood fiber mats according to the invention also creates better deformation conditions. In the central region of the mat, the fiber displaceability required for the deformability of the fiber mat is retained due to the lower mat compression given here. The higher tensile strength of the higher density outer layers and the resulting improved deformability of the wood fiber mats, the still good mobility of the fibers in the larger part of the mat and the improved deformation conditions due to the improved geometrical conditions due to the reduced mat thickness work together in such a way that at Forming the mat blanks into shaped parts, the damping of the fiber mat blanks and additional traction-transmitting aids - such as fabric coverings - can be dispensed with in the majority of cases.
Holzfasermatten der beschriebenen Art werden im Prinzip durch das Ausstreuen der beleimten Holzfasern auf ein laufendes Band erzeugt. Die Fasern erhalten dabei eine Vorzugsrichtung ihrer Orientierung in Laufrichtung des Bandes. Die Zugfestigkeit der die höhere Verdichtung aufweisenden Außenschichten ist infolgedessen anisotrop: quer zur Bildungsrichtung der Matten ist sie deutlich niedriger als in Bildungsrichtung. Die ist für die Ausformung der Matten zum Formteil nachteilig, da die Zugkräfte in jeder Oberflächenrichtung der Matte wirken können und übertragen werden müssen. Besteht die höherverdichtete Außenschicht aus einer Vielzahl von Einzellagen, deren Faseranordnungen zueinander annähernd orthotrop orientiert sind, sich also näherungsweise unter einem Winkel von 90° kreuzen, so wird dieser Nachteil vermieden, und die Fasermatte wird in ihren Verformungseigenschaften unabhängig von Verformungsrichtungen, also von der (späteren) Formteilgeometrie. Die Vielzahl von Einzellagen, aus denen die höher verdichteten Außenschichten mit orthotrop-orientierten Fasern gebildet wird, erleichtert dabei bei der Fertigung der Matten eine vollständige Orientierung der Fasern im gesamten Volumen der Außenschichten, da jeweils nur dünne Einzellagen "durchorientiert" werden müssen.Wood fiber mats of the type described are in principle produced by spreading the glued wood fibers onto a running belt. The fibers are given a preferred direction of orientation in the running direction of the belt. The tensile strength of the outer layers with the higher compression is consequently anisotropic: across the direction of formation of the mats, it is significantly lower than in the direction of formation. This is disadvantageous for the formation of the mats into the molded part, since the tensile forces can act in any surface direction of the mat and must be transmitted. The higher-density outer layer consists of a large number of individual layers, the fiber arrangements of which are approximately orthotropic to one another are oriented, that is to say they intersect approximately at an angle of 90 °, this disadvantage is avoided and the deformation properties of the fiber mat are independent of the directions of deformation, that is to say of the (later) molded part geometry. The large number of individual layers from which the higher-density outer layers are formed with orthotropically oriented fibers makes it easier for the mats to be completely oriented in the entire volume of the outer layers, since only thin individual layers have to be "completely oriented".
Eine Faserorientierung, bei der die orthotrope Ausrichtung der Fasern in den einzelnen Schichten alternierend wechselt, kann daher für die Mattenfertigung vorteilhaft sein.A fiber orientation in which the orthotropic orientation of the fibers changes alternately in the individual layers can therefore be advantageous for mat production.
Häufig werden Holzfasermatten in geringem Maße andere Fasermaterialien, z.B. Polymerfasern, zugemischt. Eine Zumischung von weniger als 45 % längerer Nicht-Holzfasern, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Außenschichten, bewirkt eine deutliche Erhöhung ihrer Zugfestigkeit und bewirkt eine deutliche Verbesserung der Verformungsfähigkeit der Matten. Der Begriff "längere Faser" bezieht sich dabei auf die Länge der kürzeren Holzfasern, die 10 mm nicht übersteigt.Wood fiber mats are often used to a small extent other fiber materials, e.g. Polymer fibers, mixed. The addition of less than 45% longer non-wood fibers, based on the weight of the outer layers, brings about a significant increase in their tensile strength and brings about a significant improvement in the deformability of the mats. The term "longer fiber" refers to the length of the shorter wood fibers, which does not exceed 10 mm.
Es wurde erfindungsgemäß gefunden, daß Matten, deren Außenschichten ein spezifisches Gewicht von mehr als 0,5 g/cm³ aufweisen, während das spezifische Gewicht der Mittellage zwischen 0,3 und 0,4 g/cm³ beträgt, ein optimales Eigenschaftsspektrum bezüglich Herstellung und Handhabung der Matten sowie der Formteilfertigung ergaben. Auch die Handhabung der Matten bei ihrer Lagerung, für den Zuschnitt und Transport wird durch höher verdichtete Außenschichten infolge der vergrößerten Plattensteifigkeit erleichtert.It has been found according to the invention that mats, the outer layers of which have a specific weight of more than 0.5 g / cm 3, while the specific weight of the middle layer is between 0.3 and 0.4 g / cm 3, have an optimal range of properties with regard to manufacture and handling the mats as well as the molding production. Also the handling of the mats Their storage, for cutting and transportation is facilitated by higher density outer layers due to the increased plate rigidity.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 näher erläutert und beispieslweise beschrieben.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and described in an exemplary manner.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine in schematische Schnittdarstellung den Unterschied zwischen homogen verdichteten Holzfasermatten nach dem Stand der Technik und erfindungsgemäßen Matten mit verdichteten Außenschichten.
- Fig. 2
- eine Möglichkeit zur Fertigung erfindungsgemäßer Matten
- Fig. 1
- a schematic sectional view of the difference between homogeneously compressed wood fiber mats according to the prior art and mats according to the invention with compressed outer layers.
- Fig. 2
- a possibility for manufacturing mats according to the invention
In Fig. 2 sind verschiedene Streuvorrichtungen 6 für die Bildung der Außenschichten angedeutet, wobei die unverdickte Mittelschicht durch einen weiteren Streukopf 7, ausgestreut wird. Die umlaufenden Bänder 5, auf die das untereinander vorzugsweise identische und vorbeleimte Fasermaterial gestreut wird, laufen in Pfeilrichtung um und bewirken den Mattentransport. Zwei Kalanderwalzenpaare 3 sind vorgeheizt und bewirken sowohl die Verdichtung der beiden Außenschichten 2 als auch, fall erforderlich, deren verfestigende Stabilisierung durch Erweichen zumindest einer Komponente der Bindemittel ohne Vernetzung.In Fig. 2
Nachdem die die Gesamtmatte 8 bildenden Material-Teilströme 1 und 2 vor einem Endkalander 4 zusammengeführt sind, läßt sich hier ein Verdichtungsgrad der Mittelschicht 1 eingestellt. Die bereits höher vorverdichteten Außenschichten 2 werden in ihrer Verdichtung nicht mehr beeinflußt. jedoch durch den Druck der Kalanderwalzen 4 ausreichend fest mit der Mittelschicht 1 verbunden.After the
Eine Faserorientierung in den vorverdichteten Außenschichten 2 der Fasermatte 1, 2 kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Kalanderwalzen 3 Oberflächenmuster, beispielsweise in Form von Schrägrillungen, aufweisen.A fiber orientation in the pre-compressed
Die Fig. 2 zeigt beispielsweise, wie erfindungsgemäße Dreischichtmatten 8 gefertigt werden können. Andere Vorgehensweisen, auch eine größere Schichtzahl sind möglich; z.B. können materialidentische Außenschichten 2 auch separat vorgefertigt werden und auf andere Weise mit der Mittelschicht 1 verbunden werden.2 shows, for example, how three-
Claims (5)
- Lignocellulose or wood-fibre multi-layer matting containing bonding agents for producing spatially deformable shapes for interior panelling of vehicles, characterized in that the outer layers representing the surfaces are of higher density than the inner layer(s) which is/are predominantly made of the same material, and that the weight proportion of the outer layers is at least 20% of the weight of the entire matting, and the density of the outer layers is at least 40% higher.
- A multi-layer matting according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the outer layers is composed of a plurality of individual layers the fibre arrangements of which are virtually orthotropic to each other.
- A multi-layer matting according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the orthotropic orientation of the fibres changes alternatingly in the individual layers.
- A multi-layer matting according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer layers contain a proportion of longer non-wood fibres, relative to the weight of the outer layers, of less than 45%.
- A multi-layer matting according to at least one of the above claims, characterized in that the outer layers have a specific weight of more than 0.5 g/cm³, and the density of the middle layer is between 0.3 and 0.4 g/cm³.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4218444 | 1992-06-04 | ||
| DE4218444A DE4218444A1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | Binder-containing fiber mats made from cellulose or lignocellulose fibers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0573039A1 EP0573039A1 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
| EP0573039B1 true EP0573039B1 (en) | 1995-08-30 |
Family
ID=6460394
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93108937A Expired - Lifetime EP0573039B1 (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-06-03 | Fibre mats containing a binding agent made from cellulosic and ligno-cellulosic fibres |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0573039B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06235153A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2097663A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4218444A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2078087T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4342789C2 (en) * | 1993-12-15 | 1996-03-07 | Lignotock Gmbh | Process for the production of molded parts |
| DE4434876B4 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 2004-09-16 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg | Process and plant for the continuous production of a multilayer board |
| DE4438764A1 (en) * | 1994-10-29 | 1996-05-02 | Hp Chemie Pelzer Res & Dev | Cheap, lightweight, noise-absorbing laminate for use in automobiles |
| DE19535559C1 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-05-15 | Lignotock Gmbh | Hot pressed wood mats contg. binder, useful for making e.g. vehicle panels |
| DE19606262C1 (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1997-04-17 | Glunz Ag | Medium density fibreboard rapid prodn. achieved by steam shock heating |
| US6197414B1 (en) | 1997-12-25 | 2001-03-06 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Fiberboard and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE10320686B4 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2015-02-05 | Faurecia Innenraum Systeme Gmbh | Process for the production of molded body base material |
| DE102004062649C5 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2013-06-06 | Kronotec Ag | Process for the production of a wood fiber insulation board or mats and wood fiber insulation boards or mats produced by this process |
| DE102005038734A1 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Michanickl, Andreas, Prof.Dr. | Multilayer wood material plate for e.g. furniture, has middle layer made of very light, porous and pressure resistant chipboard and cover layers made of very thin and firm fiberboard or laminar material with well closed surface |
| DE102005057606A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-06 | Günther Isensee Modellbaubedarf | Process for producing a balsa wood chipboard |
| DE102009056581A1 (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-10 | Technische Universität Dresden | Blank with good storage properties, used for molding e.g. vehicle linings and claddings, is made by hot-pressing mixture of lingo-cellulose- and thermoplastic fibers |
| EP2695711A1 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-12 | Dascanova GmbH | Method and apparatus for the production of a particle based element with precompression of a portion of the particles |
| CN111391042A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-10 | 南宁科天水性科技有限责任公司 | Double-line type equipment for manufacturing artificial board with wood shaving decorative surface |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1100927B (en) * | 1958-03-04 | 1961-03-02 | Ind Companie Kleinewefers Kons | Method and device for aligning the chips of a chipboard for the production of chipboard |
| CH368612A (en) * | 1959-09-09 | 1963-04-15 | Abitibi Power & Paper Co | Apparatus for forming an anisotropic layer of wood particles of various sizes |
| FR2281214A1 (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1976-03-05 | Azote & Prod Chim | Particle board with integral film covers - prepd by continuous adhesive consolidation between heated rolls |
| DE7535229U (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1976-03-18 | G. Siempelkamp & Co, 4150 Krefeld | CHIPBOARD, FIBERBOARD OR THE SAME |
| US4283450A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1981-08-11 | Masonite Corporation | Product containing high density skins |
| DE3233385C2 (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1984-05-17 | Günter Hans 1000 Berlin Kiss | Multi-layer fiber composite and process for its manufacture |
| JPS5876561A (en) * | 1981-10-02 | 1983-05-09 | ギユンタ−・ハ−・キス | Multilayer fiber mat and production thereof |
| SE458839B (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-05-16 | Inst Traeteknisk Forskning | PROCEDURES FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHEESE DISCOVERED MACHINES DETAILED ACCORDING TO THE PROCEDURE |
-
1992
- 1992-06-04 DE DE4218444A patent/DE4218444A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-06-03 EP EP93108937A patent/EP0573039B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-03 DE DE59300524T patent/DE59300524D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-03 JP JP5156394A patent/JPH06235153A/en active Pending
- 1993-06-03 CA CA002097663A patent/CA2097663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-06-03 ES ES93108937T patent/ES2078087T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4218444A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
| EP0573039A1 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
| DE59300524D1 (en) | 1995-10-05 |
| ES2078087T3 (en) | 1995-12-01 |
| JPH06235153A (en) | 1994-08-23 |
| CA2097663A1 (en) | 1993-12-05 |
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