EP0434488A1 - Device for casting thin metallic strips between two rotating and parallel rolls or on a single roll - Google Patents
Device for casting thin metallic strips between two rotating and parallel rolls or on a single roll Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0434488A1 EP0434488A1 EP90403401A EP90403401A EP0434488A1 EP 0434488 A1 EP0434488 A1 EP 0434488A1 EP 90403401 A EP90403401 A EP 90403401A EP 90403401 A EP90403401 A EP 90403401A EP 0434488 A1 EP0434488 A1 EP 0434488A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- cylinders
- casting
- speed
- rotating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
- B22D11/0651—Casting wheels
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a device for casting thin strips of metal, in particular steel, on a cylinder, or between two cooled parallel cylinders, rotating around their horizontal axis in opposite directions and placed at a short distance from one of the 'other so as to define between them a casting space.
- the invention therefore aims to provide a casting device of the above type, which is arranged to solve the problem posed satisfactorily.
- the device for casting thin strips of metal is characterized in that on the surface of each cylinder, parallel grooves are formed, inclined on the axis of the cylinder and joining in a transverse plane of the latter, so as to form a series of chevrons on the surface of the cylinder, the two streaks of each chevron converging downwards in the direction of extraction of the casting strip when they are turned towards the side of the casting space.
- the inclination of the ridges being suitably chosen according to the characteristics of the device, and the withdrawal of the metal at its solidification being effected from the two ends of the cylinder towards the center of it, it is understood that it favors a sliding of the skin of solidified metal, towards the axially median plane of the cylinder, which prevents the formation of cracks.
- the device is completed by a cage disposed under the cylinders and comprising a pair of strip extraction cylinders, which rotate at a speed slightly higher than the speed of rotation of the cylinders between which the liquid metal is poured.
- the angle of inclination of the ridges on the horizontal and the amplitude of the overspeed of the cage extractor cylinders relative to the casting cylinders are suitably adjusted, thanks to the use of a crack detection system.
- the persistence of longitudinal cracks means that the overspeed is insufficient
- the formation of transverse cracks means that the overspeed is too high and that the web tension is therefore too strong.
- Figure 1 is a schematic front elevational view of a device for casting thin strips of metal between two cylinders, equipped with an extraction cage in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal elevation of one of the cylinders of the device of FIG. 1 and streaks formed on its surface according to the invention.
- the device shown in the drawings is intended for the casting of a thin strip 1 of steel, between two cylinders 2 and 3 energetically cooled, rotating in opposite directions, parallel and arranged horizontally. These cylinders are slightly spaced from each other so as to provide between them a pouring space 4 which can receive a bath of liquid metal from the top, and let it come out from the bottom after solidification of the metal in contact with the cold walls. cylinders, under the effect of their rotation.
- the cylinders 2, 3 are rotated about their axis XX and internally cooled by well known means and not shown.
- the casting space between them is supplied with liquid metal, for example by a nozzle 9 mounted on the bottom of a distributor, not shown, placed above.
- each cylinder 2, 3 On the surface of each cylinder 2, 3 is formed a knurling formed by two series of parallel ridges 5 and 6, inclined on the axis XX of the cylinder and meeting at the center of the latter, in its median transverse plane M, so to form a series of rafters over the entire surface of the cylinder.
- a first series of 5 parallel streaks between them is thus arranged on one half of each cylinder 2, 3 from one of its front faces, and the second half of ridges 6 parallel to each other is formed on the second half of the cylinder, from the other front face.
- the streaks 5 and 6 have the same inclination A on the axis XX, each pair of streaks 5 and 6 forming a chevron whose two streaks converge downward in the direction of extraction of the product 1 identified by the arrow 10, when 'they are turned towards the casting space 4.
- the depth of the ridges and their inclination A are suitably chosen as a function of the other parameters of the device.
- the angle A can be of the order of 45 °, and the depth of the ridges can be a hundred microns, or even more.
- the device is completed by a cage 7 placed under the casting cylinders 2, 3 and comprising a pair of cylinders 8 for extracting the strip 1 which is therefore pinched between these two cylinders 8.
- the latter are rotated by means known per se and not shown, and rotate at a speed slightly higher than the speed of rotation of the casting rolls 2 and 3.
- the magnitude of this "overspeed" of a few percent of the extractor rolls 8, as well as the angle tilt A streaks 5, 6 on the horizontal, can be adjusted using a crack detector, as indicated above.
- the speed of rotation of the cylinders 8 is increased if the presence of longitudinal cracks is observed, and on the contrary it is decreased if we observe transverse cracks.
- the invention is applicable to the case where the casting device comprises only one cylinder, the liquid metal being poured onto the cylinder from a container placed laterally thereon.
- the invention also applies in the case where the cylinders are striated over only a portion of their width, for example the central part.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
La surface de chaque cylindre (2, 3) présente un moletage constitué par deux séries de stries parallèles (5, 6) inclinées sur l'axe (XX) du cylindre et se rejoignant au centre de ce dernier, de manière à former une série de chevrons, les deux stries (5, 6) de chaque chevron convergeant vers le bas lorsqu'elles sont situées du côté du cylindre (2, 3) en contact avec le métal liquide. Le dispositif est complété par une cage d'extraction du produit coulé à une vitesse légèrement supérieure à la vitesse de rotation des cylindres de coulée (2, 3). Cet agencement évite la formation de criques longitudinales ou transversales sur la surface des bandes minces de métal.The surface of each cylinder (2, 3) has a knurling formed by two series of parallel ridges (5, 6) inclined on the axis (XX) of the cylinder and meeting at the center of the latter, so as to form a series chevrons, the two streaks (5, 6) of each chevron converging downwards when they are located on the side of the cylinder (2, 3) in contact with the liquid metal. The device is completed by a cage for extracting the cast product at a speed slightly higher than the speed of rotation of the casting rolls (2, 3). This arrangement avoids the formation of longitudinal or transverse cracks on the surface of the thin strips of metal.
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif de coulée de bandes minces de métal notamment d'acier, sur un cylindre, ou entre deux cylindres parallèles refroidis, tournant autour de leur axe horizontal en sens opposé et placés à faible distance l'un de l'autre de manière à définir entre eux un espace de coulée.The subject of the present invention is a device for casting thin strips of metal, in particular steel, on a cylinder, or between two cooled parallel cylinders, rotating around their horizontal axis in opposite directions and placed at a short distance from one of the 'other so as to define between them a casting space.
On a constaté que les bandes de largeur importante coulées à partir de ces dispositifs, présentent souvent des criques longitudinales superficielles. L'explication de la formation de ces criques réside dans la simultanéité du retrait du métal à partir du début de sa solidification superficielle et d'un "collage" relatif de la peau métallique sur la surface des cylindres, qui s'oppose précisément à ce retrait.It has been found that the strips of large width cast from these devices often have surface longitudinal cracks. The explanation for the formation of these cracks lies in the simultaneous withdrawal of the metal from the start of its surface solidification and of a relative "bonding" of the metal skin on the surface of the cylinders, which is precisely opposed to this. withdrawal.
Pour résoudre ce problème et faire disparaître ces criques qui altèrent la qualité de la surface du produit coulé, on a notamment proposé de ménager des irrégularités superficielles en forme de quadrillage sur les cylindres. Toutefois on a constaté que ces quadrillages ne donnent pas entière satisfaction.In order to solve this problem and remove these cracks which alter the quality of the surface of the cast product, it has in particular been proposed to provide surface irregularities in the form of a grid on the cylinders. However, it has been found that these grids are not entirely satisfactory.
L'invention a donc pour but de proposer un dispositif de coulée du type ci-dessus, qui soit agencé de manière à résoudre le problème posé de manière satisfaisante.The invention therefore aims to provide a casting device of the above type, which is arranged to solve the problem posed satisfactorily.
Suivant l'invention, le dispositif de coulée de bandes minces de métal est caractérisé en ce que sur la surface de chaque cylindre, sont ménagées des stries parallèles, inclinées sur l'axe du cylindre et se rejoignant dans un plan transversal de ce dernier, de manière à former une série de chevrons sur la surface du cylindre, les deux stries de chaque chevron convergeant vers le bas dans le sens d'extraction de la bande coulée lorsqu'elles sont tournées du côté de l'espace de coulée.According to the invention, the device for casting thin strips of metal is characterized in that on the surface of each cylinder, parallel grooves are formed, inclined on the axis of the cylinder and joining in a transverse plane of the latter, so as to form a series of chevrons on the surface of the cylinder, the two streaks of each chevron converging downwards in the direction of extraction of the casting strip when they are turned towards the side of the casting space.
L'inclinaison des stries étant convenablement choisie en fonction des caractéristiques du dispositif, et le retrait du métal à sa solidification s'effectuant à partir des deux extrémités du cylindre vers le centre de celui-ci, on comprend qu'elle favorise un glissement de la peau de métal solidifié, vers le plan axialement médian du cylindre, qui s'oppose à la formation des criques.The inclination of the ridges being suitably chosen according to the characteristics of the device, and the withdrawal of the metal at its solidification being effected from the two ends of the cylinder towards the center of it, it is understood that it favors a sliding of the skin of solidified metal, towards the axially median plane of the cylinder, which prevents the formation of cracks.
Avantageusement le dispositif est complété par une cage disposée sous les cylindres et comprenant une paire de cylindres d'extraction de la bande, qui tournent à une vitesse légèrement supérieure à la vitesse de rotation des cylindres entre lesquels le métal liquide est coulé.Advantageously, the device is completed by a cage disposed under the cylinders and comprising a pair of strip extraction cylinders, which rotate at a speed slightly higher than the speed of rotation of the cylinders between which the liquid metal is poured.
Cette légère survitesse entraîne la bande déjà solidifiée, ce qui provoque un léger glissement de la bande durant la solidification sur les cylindres, suivant la direction des stries. Ce glissement acccompagne donc avantageusement le retrait transversal du produit.This slight overspeed causes the strip already solidified, which causes a slight sliding of the strip during solidification on the cylinders, in the direction of the streaks. This sliding therefore advantageously accompanies the transverse withdrawal of the product.
Bien entendu l'angle d'inclinaison des stries sur l'horizontale et l'amplitude de la survitesse des cylindres extracteurs de la cage par rapport aux cylindres de coulée sont convenablement ajustés, grâce à la mise en oeuvre d'un système détecteur des criques: la persistance de criques longitudinales signifie que la survitesse est insuffisante, tandis qe la formation de criques transversales signifie que la survitesse est trop élevée et que la tension de la bande est donc trop forte.Of course the angle of inclination of the ridges on the horizontal and the amplitude of the overspeed of the cage extractor cylinders relative to the casting cylinders are suitably adjusted, thanks to the use of a crack detection system. : the persistence of longitudinal cracks means that the overspeed is insufficient, while the formation of transverse cracks means that the overspeed is too high and that the web tension is therefore too strong.
L'invention sera maintenant décrite en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent une forme de la réalisation à titre d'exemple non limitatif.The invention will now be described in reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment thereof by way of nonlimiting example.
La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation frontale d'un dispositif de coulée de bandes minces de métal entre deux cylindres, équipé d'une cage d'extraction conformément à la frome préférée de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic front elevational view of a device for casting thin strips of metal between two cylinders, equipped with an extraction cage in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en élévation longitudinale d'un des cylindres du dispositif de la Fig. 1 et des stries formées sur sa surface conformément à l'invention.FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal elevation of one of the cylinders of the device of FIG. 1 and streaks formed on its surface according to the invention.
Le dispositif représenté aux dessins est destiné à la coulée d'une bande mince 1 en acier, entre deux cylindres 2 et 3 énergiquement refroidis, rotatifs en sens opposé, parallèles et disposés horizontalement. Ces cylindres sont légèrement écartés l'un de l'autre de manière à ménager entre eux un espace de coulée 4 pouvant recevoir un bain de métal liquide par le haut, et le laisser sortir par le bas après solidification du métal au contact des parois froides des cylindres, sous l'effet de leur rotation.The device shown in the drawings is intended for the casting of a
Les cylindres 2, 3 sont mis en rotation autour de leur axe XX et refroidis intérieurement par des moyens bien connus et non représentés. L'espace de coulée entre eux est alimenté en métal liquide par exemple par une busette 9 montée sur le fond d'un répartiteur non représenté, placé au-dessus.The
Sur la surface de chaque cylindre 2, 3 est formé un moletage constitué par deux séries de stries parallèles 5 et 6, inclinées sur l'axe XX du cylindre et se rejoignant au centre de ce dernier, dans son plan transversal médian M, de manière à former une série de chevrons sur toute la surface du cylindre.On the surface of each
Une première série de stries 5 parallèles entre elles est ainsi agencée sur une moitié de chaque cylindre 2, 3 à partir de l'une de ses faces frontales, et la seconde moitié de stries 6 parallèles entre elles est ménagée sur la seconde moitié du cylindre, à partir de l'autre face frontale. Les stries 5 et 6 ont la même inclinaison A sur l'axe XX, chaque paire de stries 5 et 6 formant un chevron dont les deux stries convergent vers le bas dans le sens d'extraction du produit 1 repéré par la flèche 10, lorsqu'elles sont tournées du côté de l'espace de coulée 4.A first series of 5 parallel streaks between them is thus arranged on one half of each
La profondeur des stries et leur inclinaison A sont convenablement choisies en fonction des autres paramètres du dispositif. Par exemple, l'angle A peut être de l'ordre de 45°, et la profondeur des stries peut être d'une centaine de microns, voire plus.The depth of the ridges and their inclination A are suitably chosen as a function of the other parameters of the device. For example, the angle A can be of the order of 45 °, and the depth of the ridges can be a hundred microns, or even more.
Le dispositif est complété par une cage 7 placée sous les cylindres de coulée 2, 3 et comportant une paire de cylindres 8 d'extraction de la bande 1 qui est donc pincée entre ces deux cylindres 8. Ces derniers sont mis en rotation par des moyens connus en soi et non représentés, et tournent à une vitesse légèrement supérieure à la vitesse de rotation des cylindres de coulée 2 et 3. L'amplitude de cette "survitesse" de quelques pour cent des cylindres extracteurs 8, de même que l'angle d'inclinaison A des stries 5, 6 sur l'horizontale, peuvent être ajustés en utilisant un détecteur de criques, comme indiqué précédemment.The device is completed by a cage 7 placed under the
Lorsque le métal liquide 4 commence à se solidifier au contact de la surface refroidie des cylindres 2, 3 et forme ainsi une peau, il subit en même temps un retrait à partir des extrémités du cylindre, symbolisé par les flèches F. L'inclinaison A des stries 5, 6 vers le bas favorise donc ce retrait de la peau et son glissement vers le bas, dans le sens d'extraction du produit 1 qui est provoqué par la légère survitesse des cylindres extracteurs 8 par rapport aux cylindres 2, 3. Si l'amplitude de l'excédent de vitesse des cylindres 8 et l'angle d'inclinaison A du moletage sont convenablement réglés, on peut observer une disparition pratiquement complète des criques longitudinales et transversales sur la surface du produit 1 coulé.When the liquid metal 4 begins to solidify on contact with the cooled surface of the
Comme déjà indiqué, on augmente la vitesse de rotation des cylindres 8 si l'on constate la présence de criques longitudinales, et on la diminue au contraire si l'on observe des criques transversales.As already indicated, the speed of rotation of the
L'invention est applicable au cas où le dispositif de coulée ne comporte qu'un seul cylindre, le métal liquide étant coulé sur le cylindre à partir d'un récipient placé latéralement à celui-ci.The invention is applicable to the case where the casting device comprises only one cylinder, the liquid metal being poured onto the cylinder from a container placed laterally thereon.
De même, l'invention s'applique aussi dans le cas où les cylindres sont striés sur une portion seulement de leur largeur, par exemple la partie centrale.Likewise, the invention also applies in the case where the cylinders are striated over only a portion of their width, for example the central part.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8916915A FR2655893B1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1989-12-20 | DEVICE FOR CASTING THIN METAL STRIPS BETWEEN TWO ROTATING AND PARALLEL CYLINDERS OR ON A SINGLE CYLINDER. |
| FR8916915 | 1989-12-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0434488A1 true EP0434488A1 (en) | 1991-06-26 |
Family
ID=9388770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90403401A Withdrawn EP0434488A1 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1990-11-29 | Device for casting thin metallic strips between two rotating and parallel rolls or on a single roll |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5082046A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0434488A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04270033A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910011363A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1054550A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU631952B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9006469A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2031338A1 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS589090A3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI906276A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2655893B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU206287B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE904331A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO905426L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL288203A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT96200A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1838034C (en) |
| YU (1) | YU239090A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9010214B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0740972A1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-11-06 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Casting steel strip |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK0679114T4 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 2004-12-13 | Castrip Llc | Casting of stainless steel strips on surface with specified roughness |
| AU2008100847A4 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2008-10-09 | Bluescope Steel Limited | Method of forming textured casting rolls with diamond engraving |
| JP7056400B2 (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2022-04-19 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Manufacturing method for cooling rolls, double roll type continuous casting equipment, and thin-walled slabs |
| CN112088845B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-08-19 | 张万容 | Automatic unloading formula lead skin preparation equipment |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0229031A2 (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1987-07-15 | Ribbon Technology Corporation | Textured substrate and method for the direct, continuous casting of metal sheet exhibiting improved uniformity |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2309585A (en) * | 1941-02-12 | 1943-01-26 | Daniel T Haddock | Apparatus for making terne sheets or plates |
| CA1181558A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1985-01-29 | Takashi Onoyama | Apparatus for producing flake particles |
| JPS60257954A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1985-12-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Continuous casting device for steel plate |
| KR910004078B1 (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1991-06-22 | 미쯔비시마테리알 가부시기가이샤 | Mold member and rapidly solidifying water looled rotary roll member kazuhiko tabei |
-
1989
- 1989-12-20 FR FR8916915A patent/FR2655893B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-11-27 CS CS905890A patent/CS589090A3/en unknown
- 1990-11-29 US US07/619,764 patent/US5082046A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-29 EP EP90403401A patent/EP0434488A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-11-30 IE IE433190A patent/IE904331A1/en unknown
- 1990-12-03 CA CA002031338A patent/CA2031338A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-11 PL PL28820390A patent/PL288203A1/en unknown
- 1990-12-14 HU HU908273A patent/HU206287B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-14 PT PT96200A patent/PT96200A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-12-14 KR KR1019900020599A patent/KR910011363A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-12-17 NO NO90905426A patent/NO905426L/en unknown
- 1990-12-19 BR BR909006469A patent/BR9006469A/en unknown
- 1990-12-19 AU AU68272/90A patent/AU631952B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-12-19 ZA ZA9010214A patent/ZA9010214B/en unknown
- 1990-12-19 RU SU904894043A patent/RU1838034C/en active
- 1990-12-19 CN CN90110309A patent/CN1054550A/en active Pending
- 1990-12-19 YU YU239090A patent/YU239090A/en unknown
- 1990-12-19 FI FI906276A patent/FI906276A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-12-20 JP JP2412420A patent/JPH04270033A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0229031A2 (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1987-07-15 | Ribbon Technology Corporation | Textured substrate and method for the direct, continuous casting of metal sheet exhibiting improved uniformity |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 134 (M-479)(2191), 17 mai 1986; & JP - A - 60257954 (ISHIKAWAJIMA) 19.12.1985 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0740972A1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-11-06 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Casting steel strip |
| CN1063368C (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 2001-03-21 | 石川岛播磨重工业株式会社 | Method and appts. for casting steel strip |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5082046A (en) | 1992-01-21 |
| FI906276A (en) | 1991-06-21 |
| FR2655893B1 (en) | 1992-04-17 |
| CS589090A3 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| HU206287B (en) | 1992-10-28 |
| NO905426D0 (en) | 1990-12-17 |
| AU631952B2 (en) | 1992-12-10 |
| AU6827290A (en) | 1992-07-02 |
| ZA9010214B (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| JPH04270033A (en) | 1992-09-25 |
| YU239090A (en) | 1993-11-16 |
| RU1838034C (en) | 1993-08-30 |
| PT96200A (en) | 1992-09-30 |
| NO905426L (en) | 1991-06-21 |
| FI906276A0 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| HU908273D0 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
| CA2031338A1 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
| FR2655893A1 (en) | 1991-06-21 |
| KR910011363A (en) | 1991-08-07 |
| HUT56015A (en) | 1991-07-29 |
| CN1054550A (en) | 1991-09-18 |
| BR9006469A (en) | 1991-10-01 |
| PL288203A1 (en) | 1991-09-09 |
| IE904331A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
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