EP0413693B1 - Reinforced concrete construction for road tunnels - Google Patents

Reinforced concrete construction for road tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0413693B1
EP0413693B1 EP89902764A EP89902764A EP0413693B1 EP 0413693 B1 EP0413693 B1 EP 0413693B1 EP 89902764 A EP89902764 A EP 89902764A EP 89902764 A EP89902764 A EP 89902764A EP 0413693 B1 EP0413693 B1 EP 0413693B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
process according
segments
elements
sheet steel
concrete
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EP89902764A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0413693A1 (en
Inventor
Burkhard SCHÖNFELD
Erwin Möllmann
Werner Sonntag
Siegfried Sell
Herbert Niebuhr
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Neuero Stahlbau & Co GmbH
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Neuero Stahlbau & Co GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E21D11/22—Clamps or other yieldable means for interconnecting adjacent arch members either rigidly, or allowing arch member parts to slide when subjected to excessive pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for expanding a tunnel with steel / concrete lining with an inner shell made of sheet steel segments. Subway tunnels are also considered to be such tunnels.
  • a tunnel is usually only expanded if the surrounding mountains are not stable.
  • the most common type of construction provides that a shotcrete layer is first applied to the eruption.
  • the shotcrete layer changes the flaking of the rock layers. This is also known as consolidation.
  • the shotcrete layer forms a reserve for commonly used plastic seals.
  • the plastic seals are applied after the shotcrete layer has been completed.
  • the seals are made up of sheets.
  • the lining with the sealing is followed by the introduction of concrete reinforcements or reinforcing bars and / or mats.
  • a formwork carriage is driven into the tunnel and the space between the sealing and the formwork carriage is filled with concrete. This is done in individual sections.
  • the sections are usually up to 20 m long.
  • Panel construction is common in tunnels where pressurized water is present.
  • the panels are made of concrete and / or steel.
  • Such constructions have not become established in areas with low water pressure or low water intake. This is due to the fact that concrete is still the cheaper building material compared to steel.
  • Settling or lowering is one of the functions to be considered in tunnel construction.
  • Experience has shown that mining and the associated cutting of mountain layers cause a fault in the mountains or in the ground.
  • the result of the disturbance are tensions that are reduced by settling or subsidence.
  • the object of the invention is to create a new type of tunnel construction which takes account of the tensions occurring in the mountains and / or fractures.
  • DE-A-3613140 discloses a method for expanding a tunnel with a steel / concrete lining.
  • an outer shell made of sheet steel.
  • the internal arrangement of the sheet steel shell results in a completely new construction with surprising new procedures and advantageous effects.
  • the steel sheet segment After pledging a steel sheet segment, the steel sheet segment will be backfilled with concrete as soon as possible. This results in the positive and positive locking of the steel sheet segment with the rock eruption. With a suitable early load-bearing strength of the concrete, pre-attachment is possible Mountain pressure has already been recorded. According to the invention, it is also provided that the steel sheet segments will be supported as soon as possible on the tunnel base in the region of the dismantling front. This support is provisional if the tunnel is broken out in sections and the calotte is started. Then, after the dome eruption and the expansion of the tunnel in the dome area, the dismantling in the area of the tunnel stope follows.
  • this support is flexible. This is achieved through the resilience elements between the steel sheet segments and the support (e.g. the tunnel sole).
  • the flexibility elements allow the rock to be deformed.
  • the philosophy behind this is to create a fully or partially self-supporting arch formation by deforming the mountains above the tunnel. This relieves the tunnel expansion.
  • the compliance in the area of the compliance elements requires a deformation cavity behind the compliance elements. Accordingly, the concrete is backfilled leaving the cavities free.
  • the compliance elements then allow controlled compliance over the selected duration of their use.
  • the compliance function may be interrupted if the breakout occurs for the bench.
  • Steel sheet segments according to the invention which are supported on the tunnel sole by means of resilience elements, can in turn be used for the expansion in the rung area.
  • the above-described interruption of the compliance function has only a minor influence on the settlement behavior or lowering behavior.
  • the resilience can also be maintained during the outbreak.
  • foundation strips are used as supports for the resilience elements of the steel segments on the calotte side chosen, which have sufficient hold in the mountains during the eruption of the rungs and / or find sufficient hold in the already completed tunnel construction.
  • the deformation cavities can be kept open until any desired settlement behavior or relaxation of the rock has occurred.
  • the compliance elements are then stiffened. This is preferably done by filling the deformation cavities with concrete. That can e.g. B. done by injecting concrete milk.
  • the steel-concrete lining according to the invention with internal steel segments advantageously eliminates the need for an additional sealing measure if the steel plate segments according to the invention overlap. Then the overlap areas can be welded together. Tensioning with the interposition of joint tape can also be considered.
  • the steel segments can be backfilled with concrete in various ways.
  • One possibility is to blow the building material into the cavity between the steel segments and the rock eruption after the steel segments have been set up while being wetted with water.
  • formwork can be dispensed with if the building material has an appropriate early strength.
  • Such quickly binding or strengthening concretes are commercially available.
  • Another possibility for shaping the concrete segments according to the invention is to use face formwork.
  • the building material can be hydraulically pumped behind the face formwork.
  • the front formwork prevents the building material from flowing out of the cavity between the steel segments and the rock eruption.
  • the deformation cavity provided in the area of the compliance elements preferably extends from these compliance elements to the rock eruption.
  • the cavity can also end at a distance from the eruption. In this case, however, the cavity is always chosen to be large enough to essentially maintain the resilience effect described above.
  • the expansion according to the invention can be varied in many ways. It can be adjusted to the special requirements of the individual case.
  • the setting of the expansion according to the invention is carried out either by changing the number of different segments and / or by changing the number of compliance elements.
  • the expansion is also suitable as a modular system.
  • corrugated steel sheets are preferably used as steel sheet segments.
  • the steel sheet has particularly high resistance to bending. It is also advantageous to provide the steel sheet with building material anchors or reinforcing bars, which both establish a connection to the building material segment and also optionally reinforce the building material segment.
  • the resilience elements can consist of plates, between which deformation profiles are provided.
  • the design of the deformation profiles can be designed mathematically and constructively exactly to the desired flexibility.
  • concrete has been used as a building material in tunnel construction.
  • the invention is not limited to concrete.
  • the term concrete is intended to encompass all building materials in question.
  • Fig. 1 the outbreak for a tunnel dome and 2 denotes the bottom of the outbreak.
  • the mountains are called 1.1. 1 consists of a steel inner shell 3 and a molded or backfilled concrete segment 1.2.
  • the steel inner shell 3 is made of a corrugated steel sheet of, for. B. 2 - 5 mm thick.
  • the inner shell 3 forms a sheet metal segment. Further sheet metal segments are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
  • shells with several sheet metal segments can also be used.
  • the number of sheet metal segments can be varied in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
  • the sheet metal segment 3 is provided with a number of evenly distributed building material anchors 3.2.
  • the building material anchors 3.2 are welded. At the end facing away from the sheet metal, the building material anchors 3.2 have an angle.
  • the building material anchors 3.2 serve to secure the connection between the segments 1.2 and 3 or to establish a connection.
  • the inner shell 3 is introduced by means of a suitable removal platform or a front loader redesigned as a removal tool.
  • the forehead area between the inner shell 3 and the rock 1.1 is closed with a front formwork. Furthermore, the cavity 6 is kept open behind the resilience elements with the aid of a suitable formwork body. As formwork body for the cavity 6 are such. B. inflatable pillow.
  • the cavity is filled with concrete, so that the concrete segment 1.2 is created.
  • the further excavation of the tunnel in the rung area according to FIG. 2 follows the expansion shown in FIG. 1.
  • the concrete segment 1.2 is held in position with the inner shell 3 by means of anchors 7.
  • the anchors 7 have either been placed directly when the inner shell 3 is attached or after concreting.
  • Anchoring directly when inserting the inner shell 3 has the advantage that the anchors then hold the inner shell in position during the backfilling process.
  • the sheet metal segments 9 have resilience elements, which are denoted here by 12 and are supported on the tunnel sole.
  • a deformation cavity 13 is created behind the resilience elements 12.
  • the deformation cavity 13 is created like the deformation cavity 6.
  • the cavity behind the sheet metal segments 9 is then filled with concrete.
  • the deformation cavity 6 is closed at the same time, since the concrete surrounds the resilience elements 5.1 and 5.2.
  • FIG. 1 and 3 show two compliance phases, the compliance phase according to FIG. 1 corresponding to the progress of work in tunneling in the exemplary embodiment to max. limited to three days. During this time, significant mountain tensions have been balanced.
  • the deformation cavity 13 is then filled with concrete. This is preferably done by spraying concrete milk. At the same time, the deformation cavity is closed with a corrugated metal strip 15 according to FIG. 4. The sheet metal strip 15 overlaps the segments 9 at 16. At the same time, a sole sheet 17 is provided in the sole area. As a result, all sheets 3, 9, 15 and 17 can be welded together. This creates a tight inner sheet metal shell.
  • the resilience elements 5.1, 5.2 and 12 consist of M-shaped or W-shaped deformation profiles 18.
  • the number of deformation profiles and their dimensions can vary.
  • the flexibility of the flexibility elements can thus be set as desired.
  • deformation profiles 18 and the plate 11 in the exemplary embodiment consist of the same steel sheet as the segments 3 and 9.
  • other formwork bodies can also be used.
  • the bodies can form a lost formwork, i. H. the bodies remain in place.
  • the bodies for the formation of cavities are also made in one piece with the resilience elements or molded onto them.
  • the shaped body forming the cavity can, for. B. arise from a sheet metal bulge.
  • the compliance elements are provided with reinforcement bolts that improve the anchoring of the compliance elements in the concrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

A reinforced concrete construction for road tunnels has an inner shell composed of sheet segments (3, 9) which are forepoled with resilience gaps then filled up with concrete, a cavity being left empty in the resilience area for purposes of deformation. After the horizontal section of the construction is complete, the resilience area is stiffened and sealed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ausbau eines Tunnels mit Stahl/Betonausbau mit einer Innenschale aus Stahlblechsegmenten. Zu derartigen Tunneln werden auch Untergrundbahntunnel gerechnet.The invention relates to a method for expanding a tunnel with steel / concrete lining with an inner shell made of sheet steel segments. Subway tunnels are also considered to be such tunnels.

Ein Tunnelausbau findet in der Regel nur dann statt, wenn das umgebende Gebirge nicht standfest ist. Die häufigst vorkommende Bauweise sieht vor, daß zunächst auf den Gebirgsausbruch eine Spritzbetonschicht aufgebracht wird. Die Spritzbetonschicht verändert ein Aufblättern der Gebirgsschichten. Dies ist auch als Konsolidieren bekannt. Darüber hinaus bildet die Spritzbetonschicht eine Rücklage für üblicherweise verwendete Kunststoffabdichtungen. Die Kunststoffabdichtungen werden nach Fertigstellung der Spritzbetonschicht aufgebracht. Die Abdichtungen werden aus Bahnen zusammengesetzt. Der Auskleidung mit der Abdichtung folgt das Einbringen von Betonarmierungen bzw. Bewehrungsstäben und/oder -matten. Anschließend wird ein Schalungswagen in den Tunnel gefahren und der Zwischenraum zwischen der Abdichtung und dem Schalungswagen mit Beton ausgefüllt. Dies geschieht in einzelnen Abschnitten. Die Abschnitte sind üblicherweise bis 20 m lang.A tunnel is usually only expanded if the surrounding mountains are not stable. The most common type of construction provides that a shotcrete layer is first applied to the eruption. The shotcrete layer changes the flaking of the rock layers. This is also known as consolidation. In addition, the shotcrete layer forms a reserve for commonly used plastic seals. The plastic seals are applied after the shotcrete layer has been completed. The seals are made up of sheets. The lining with the sealing is followed by the introduction of concrete reinforcements or reinforcing bars and / or mats. Then a formwork carriage is driven into the tunnel and the space between the sealing and the formwork carriage is filled with concrete. This is done in individual sections. The sections are usually up to 20 m long.

In Tunneln, bei denen drückendes Wasser ansteht, ist eine Paneelbauweise üblich. Die Paneele bestehen aus Beton und/oder Stahl. Derartige Konstruktionen haben sich jedoch nicht in Bereichen mit geringem Wasserdruck bzw. geringem Wasseranfall durchgesetzt. Das ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß Beton gegenüber Stahl nach wie vor der preiswertere Baustoff ist.Panel construction is common in tunnels where pressurized water is present. The panels are made of concrete and / or steel. However, such constructions have not become established in areas with low water pressure or low water intake. This is due to the fact that concrete is still the cheaper building material compared to steel.

An dieser Stelle setzt die Erfindung ein, denn die Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, daß nicht nur der Preis des Baustoffs für die Gestaltung eines Ausbaues maßgeblich ist, sondern auch verschiedenen Gegebenheiten Rechnung getragen werden muß - auch, wenn das eine aufwendigere Bauweise nach sich zieht.This is where the invention comes in, because the invention is based on the consideration that not only the price of the building material is decisive for the design of an extension, but also different circumstances must be taken into account - even if that means a more complex construction pulls.

Zu den im Tunnelbau mit zu berücksichtigenden Funktionen gehört die Setzung bzw. Senkung. Erfahrungsgemäß verursacht ein Abbau und das damit verbundene Anschneiden von Gebirgsschichten eine Störung im Gebirge bzw. im Erdreich. Ergebnis der Störung sind Spannungen, die sich im Wege von Setzungen bzw. Senkungen abbauen.Settling or lowering is one of the functions to be considered in tunnel construction. Experience has shown that mining and the associated cutting of mountain layers cause a fault in the mountains or in the ground. The result of the disturbance are tensions that are reduced by settling or subsidence.

Ferner ist beim Tunnelbau zu berücksichtigen, daß die Mannschaften im Bereich der Abbaufront weitgehend ungeschützt arbeiten. Das gilt solange, bis der Ausbau eingebracht ist. Darüber hinaus sind Ausbrüche bzw. Einbrüche bekannt. Diese Brüche können sogar zu Tagesbrüchen werden. Dabei dringt Gebirgsmaterial in den Tunnelausbruch. Das eindringende Gebirgsmaterial breitet sich unter dem Druck nachdrängender Massen auch ohne Wasseranteile wie Schlamm aus. Die Erfindung geht von der auf Seite 560, zweiten Absatz und auf Seite 559, Bild 10 in "Glückauf", Band 123 (1987) Nr.9 erläuterten Einrichtung aus.When building tunnels, it must also be taken into account that the teams work largely unprotected in the area of the mining front. This applies until the expansion has been implemented. In addition, breakouts or break-ins are known. These breaks can even become daily breaks. Mountain material penetrates the tunnel eruption. The penetrating rock material spreads under the pressure of the masses, even without water such as mud. The invention is based on the device explained on page 560, second paragraph and on page 559, picture 10 in "Glückauf", volume 123 (1987) No. 9.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen neuartigen Tunnelausbau zu schaffen, der den entstehenden Spannungen im Gebirge und/oder Brüchen Rechnung trägt.Against this background, the object of the invention is to create a new type of tunnel construction which takes account of the tensions occurring in the mountains and / or fractures.

Nach der Erfindung wird das dadurch erreicht, daß in mindestens einem Bauabschnitt

  • die Stahlblechsegmente nachgiebig auf der Sohle des Bauabschnittes aufgesetzt werden,
  • die Stahlblechsegemente unter Freilassung eines Setzungsfreiraums an der Sohle des Bauabschnittes mit Beton hinterfüllt werden und
  • nach Erstellen des bleibenden Anschlusses des Ausbaus an die Sohle des Bauabschnittes bzw. an den nachfolgenden Bauabschnitt der Nachgiebigkeitsbereich starr verfüllt wird und die Stahlblechsegmente gegeneinander abgedichtet werden.

Vorteilhafterweise bilden die Stahlblechsegmente ein Schutzdach, hinter dem sich die Mannschaft und Gerät halten können. Das Schutzdach kann der Abbaufront mit geringem Abstand folgen. Vorteilhafterweise läßt sich der Abstand so gering halten, daß sich das nicht unterstützte Hangende auf ein vernachlässigbar geringes Maß reduziert.According to the invention this is achieved in that in at least one construction phase
  • the steel sheet segments are flexibly placed on the base of the construction section,
  • the steel sheet elements are backfilled with concrete leaving a space for settlement at the base of the construction section and
  • after creating the permanent connection of the extension to the base of the construction section or to the subsequent construction section, the compliance area is rigidly filled and the steel sheet segments are sealed against one another.

The steel sheet segments advantageously form a protective roof behind which the crew and equipment can stay. The canopy can follow the dismantling front at a short distance. The distance can advantageously be kept so small that the unsupported slope is reduced to a negligible amount.

Zwar ist aus der DE-A-3613140 ein Verfahren zum Ausbau eines Tunnels mit Stahl/Betonausbau bekannt. Hier findet sich jedoch eine Außenschale aus Stahlblech. Durch die innenseitige Anordnung der Stahlblechschale ergibt sich eine völlig neue Bauweise mit überraschenden neuen Verfahrensweisen und vorteilhaften Wirkungen.DE-A-3613140 discloses a method for expanding a tunnel with a steel / concrete lining. Here, however, there is an outer shell made of sheet steel. The internal arrangement of the sheet steel shell results in a completely new construction with surprising new procedures and advantageous effects.

Nach Vorpfänden eines Stahlblechsegmentes wird das Stahlblechsegment baldmöglichst mit Beton hinterfüllt. Das bewirkt Kraftschluß und Formschluß des Stahlblechsegmentes mit dem Gebirgsausbruch. Bei geeigneter Frühtragfestigkeit des Betons kann über die Vorpfändung bereits Gebirgsdruck aufgenommen werden. Nach der Erfindung ist überdies vorgesehen, baldmöglichst eine Abstützung der Stahlblechsegmente an der Tunnelsohle im Bereich der Abbaufront herzustellen. Diese Abstützung ist vorläufiger Art, wenn der Tunnelausbruch abschnittsweise erfolgt und mit der Kalotte begonnen wird. Dann schließt sich an den Kalottenausbruch und den Ausbau des Tunnels im Kalottenbereich der Abbau im Bereich der Tunnelstrosse an.After pledging a steel sheet segment, the steel sheet segment will be backfilled with concrete as soon as possible. This results in the positive and positive locking of the steel sheet segment with the rock eruption. With a suitable early load-bearing strength of the concrete, pre-attachment is possible Mountain pressure has already been recorded. According to the invention, it is also provided that the steel sheet segments will be supported as soon as possible on the tunnel base in the region of the dismantling front. This support is provisional if the tunnel is broken out in sections and the calotte is started. Then, after the dome eruption and the expansion of the tunnel in the dome area, the dismantling in the area of the tunnel stope follows.

Nach der Erfindung ist diese Abstützung nachgiebig. Das wird durch die Nachgiebigkeitselemente zwischen den Stahlblechsegmenten und der Abstützung (z. B. der Tunnelsohle) erreicht. Die Nachgiebigkeitselemente lassen eine Verformung des Gebirges zu. Dahinter steht die Philosophie, durch Gebirgsverformung oberhalb des Tunnels eine ganz oder teilweise selbsttragende Gewölbeausbildung herbeizuführen. Dies entlastet den Tunnelausbau.According to the invention, this support is flexible. This is achieved through the resilience elements between the steel sheet segments and the support (e.g. the tunnel sole). The flexibility elements allow the rock to be deformed. The philosophy behind this is to create a fully or partially self-supporting arch formation by deforming the mountains above the tunnel. This relieves the tunnel expansion.

Die Nachgiebigkeit im Bereich der Nachgiebigkeitselemente setzt nach der Erfindung einen Verformungshohlraum hinter den Nachgiebigkeitselementen voraus. Dementsprechend wird der Beton unter Freilassung der Hohlräume hinterfüllt. Die Nachgiebigkeitselemente ermöglichen dann über die gewählte Dauer ihres Einsatzes eine kontrollierte Nachgiebigkeit.According to the invention, the compliance in the area of the compliance elements requires a deformation cavity behind the compliance elements. Accordingly, the concrete is backfilled leaving the cavities free. The compliance elements then allow controlled compliance over the selected duration of their use.

Sofern der Tunnelausbau mehrstufig stattfindet und bereits der Einsatz von Nachgiebigkeitselementen für die im Kalottenausbruch eingesetzten Stahlblechsegmente vorgesehen ist, kann es zu einer Unterbrechung der Nachgiebigkeitsfunktion kommen, wenn der Ausbruch für die Strosse erfolgt. Für den Ausbau im Strossenbereich können wiederum erfindungsgemäße Stahlblechsegmente verwendet werden, die sich über Nachgiebigkeitselemente an der Tunnelsohle abstützten. Die vorstehend beschriebene Unterbrechung der Nachgiebigkeitsfunktion hat nur geringen Einfluß auf das Setzungsverhalten bzw. Senkungsverhalten. Wahlweise kann auch die Nachgiebigkeit während des Strossenausbruchs erhalten bleiben. Dazu werden als Auflager für die Nachgiebigkeitselemente der kalottenseitigen Stahlsegmente Fundamentstreifen gewählt, die während des Strossenausbruches ausreichenden Halt im Gebirge besitzen und/oder ausreichenden Halt in dem bereits fertiggestellten Tunnelausbau finden.If the tunnel expansion takes place in several stages and the use of compliance elements for the steel sheet segments used in the dome excavation is already planned, the compliance function may be interrupted if the breakout occurs for the bench. Steel sheet segments according to the invention, which are supported on the tunnel sole by means of resilience elements, can in turn be used for the expansion in the rung area. The above-described interruption of the compliance function has only a minor influence on the settlement behavior or lowering behavior. Optionally, the resilience can also be maintained during the outbreak. For this purpose, foundation strips are used as supports for the resilience elements of the steel segments on the calotte side chosen, which have sufficient hold in the mountains during the eruption of the rungs and / or find sufficient hold in the already completed tunnel construction.

Die Verformungshohlräume können solange offengehalten werden, bis sich jedes gewünschte Setzungsverhalten bzw. Entspannung des Gebirges eingestellt hat. Danach werden die Nachgiebigkeitselemente versteift. Vorzugsweise geschieht das durch Verfüllen der Verformungshohlräume mit Beton. Das kann z. B. durch Einspritzen von Betonmilch erfolgen.The deformation cavities can be kept open until any desired settlement behavior or relaxation of the rock has occurred. The compliance elements are then stiffened. This is preferably done by filling the deformation cavities with concrete. That can e.g. B. done by injecting concrete milk.

Vorteilhafterweise erübrigt sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl-Betonausbau mit innenliegenden Stahlsegmenten eine zusätzliche Abdichtungsmaßnahme, wenn sich die erfindungsgemäßen Stahlblechsegmente überlappen. Dann können die Überlappungsbereiche miteinander verschweißt werden. Auch eine Verspannung unter Zwischenlegen von Fugenband kommt in Betracht.The steel-concrete lining according to the invention with internal steel segments advantageously eliminates the need for an additional sealing measure if the steel plate segments according to the invention overlap. Then the overlap areas can be welded together. Tensioning with the interposition of joint tape can also be considered.

Das Hinterfüllen der Stahlsegmente mit Beton kann in verschiedener Weise erfolgen. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Baustoff nach Aufstellen der Stahlsegmente unter gleichzeitiger Benetzung mit Wasser in den Hohlraum zwischen die Stahlsegmente und den Gebirgsausbruch zu blasen. In diesem Fall kann auf eine Schalung verzichtet werden, wenn der Baustoff eine entsprechende Frühfestigkeit hat. Derart schnell bindende bzw. verfestigende Betone sind handelsüblich verfügbar.The steel segments can be backfilled with concrete in various ways. One possibility is to blow the building material into the cavity between the steel segments and the rock eruption after the steel segments have been set up while being wetted with water. In this case, formwork can be dispensed with if the building material has an appropriate early strength. Such quickly binding or strengthening concretes are commercially available.

Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Ausformung der erfindungsgemäßen Betonsegmente besteht in der Verwendung einer Stirnschalung. Der Baustoff kann hinter die Stirnschalung hydraulisch gepumpt werden. Die Stirnschalung verhindert, daß der Baustoff aus dem Hohlraum zwischen den Stahlsegmenten und dem Gebirgsausbruch wieder herausfließt.Another possibility for shaping the concrete segments according to the invention is to use face formwork. The building material can be hydraulically pumped behind the face formwork. The front formwork prevents the building material from flowing out of the cavity between the steel segments and the rock eruption.

Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich der im Bereich der Nachgiebigkeitselemente vorgesehene Verformungshohlraum von diesen Nachgiebigkeitselementen bis zum Gebirgsausbruch. Der Hohlraum kann auch im Abstand von dem Gebirgsausbruch enden. Dabei wird der Hohlraum jedoch immer so groß gewählt, daß die oben beschriebene Nachgiebigkeitswirkung im wesentlichen erhalten bleibt.The deformation cavity provided in the area of the compliance elements preferably extends from these compliance elements to the rock eruption. The cavity can also end at a distance from the eruption. In this case, however, the cavity is always chosen to be large enough to essentially maintain the resilience effect described above.

Insgesamt ist der erfindungsgemäße Ausbau in vielfältiger Hinsicht variierbar. Er kann auf die speziellem Anforderungen des Einzelfalles eingestellt werden. Die Einstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Ausbaues erfolgt wahlweise durch Veränderung der Anzahl der verschiedenen Segmente und/oder durch Veränderung der Zahl der Nachgiebigkeitselemente. Der Ausbau eignet sich auch als Baukastensystem.Overall, the expansion according to the invention can be varied in many ways. It can be adjusted to the special requirements of the individual case. The setting of the expansion according to the invention is carried out either by changing the number of different segments and / or by changing the number of compliance elements. The expansion is also suitable as a modular system.

Nach der Erfindung finden vorzugsweise gewellte Stahlbleche als Stahlblechsegmente Verwendung. In der gewellten Form hat das Stahlblech besonders hohe Widerstände gegen Biegung. Ferner ist es von Vorteil, das Stahlblech mit Baustoffankern bzw. Bewehrungsstäben zu versehen, die sowohl eine Verbindung zu dem Baustoffsegment herstellen als auch wahlweise eine Verstärkung des Baustoffsegmentes bewirken.According to the invention, corrugated steel sheets are preferably used as steel sheet segments. In the corrugated form, the steel sheet has particularly high resistance to bending. It is also advantageous to provide the steel sheet with building material anchors or reinforcing bars, which both establish a connection to the building material segment and also optionally reinforce the building material segment.

Die Nachgiebigkeitselemente können aus Platten bestehen, zwischen denen Verformungsprofile vorgesehen sind. Die Gestaltung der Verformungsprofile läßt sich rechnerisch und konstruktiv genau auf die gewünschte Nachgiebigkeit auslegen.The resilience elements can consist of plates, between which deformation profiles are provided. The design of the deformation profiles can be designed mathematically and constructively exactly to the desired flexibility.

Im Tunnelbau findet bislang als Baustoff Beton Verwendung. Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf Beton beschränkt. Mit der Bezeichnung Beton sollen alle in Betracht kommenden Baustoffe umfaßt sein.So far, concrete has been used as a building material in tunnel construction. Of course, the invention is not limited to concrete. The term concrete is intended to encompass all building materials in question.

Hinsichtlich weiterer wesentlicher Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Ausbaues sowie der Nachgiebigkeitselement wird auf die Unteransprüche, die Zeichnung und die nachfolgende Beschreibung verwiesen.With regard to further essential configurations of the expansion according to the invention and the resilience element, reference is made to the subclaims, the drawing and the following description.

In der Zeichnung zeigen die

  • Fig. 1 - 4 verschiedene schematisch dargestellte Ausbausituationen eines tunnels,
  • Fig. 5 eine Einzelheit des nach Fig. 1 - 4 vorgesehenen Ausbaues.
In the drawing they show
  • 1 - 4 different schematically illustrated expansion situations of a tunnel,
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail of the expansion provided according to Figs. 1-4.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 der Ausbruch für eine Tunnelkalotte und mit 2 die Sohle des Ausbruchs bezeichnet. Das Gebirge trägt die Bezeichnung 1.1. Der Tunnelausbau besteht nach Fig. 1 aus einer Stahlinnenschale 3 und einem angeformten bzw. hinterfüllten Betonsegment 1.2. Die Stahlinnenschale 3 wird aus einem Stahlwellblech von z. B. 2 - 5 mm Dicke gebildet. Die Innenschale 3 bildet ein Blechsegment. In Tunnellängsrichtung sind weitere Blechsegmente hintereinander angeordnet.In Fig. 1, the outbreak for a tunnel dome and 2 denotes the bottom of the outbreak. The mountains are called 1.1. 1 consists of a steel inner shell 3 and a molded or backfilled concrete segment 1.2. The steel inner shell 3 is made of a corrugated steel sheet of, for. B. 2 - 5 mm thick. The inner shell 3 forms a sheet metal segment. Further sheet metal segments are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

Anstelle der einteiligen Schale 3 können auch Schalen mit mehreren Blechsegmenten verwendet werden. Desgleichen läßt sich die Anzahl der Blechsegmente in Tunnellängsrichtung variieren.Instead of the one-piece shell 3, shells with several sheet metal segments can also be used. Likewise, the number of sheet metal segments can be varied in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

Zur Aneinanderreihung der Blechsegmente haben diese gemäß Fig. 1 a jeweils abgewinkelte Ränder 3.1, mit denen sie sich in Tunnellängsrichtung überlappen. Im Überlappungsbereich ist im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Schraubverbindung vorgesehen. Anstelle der Schraubverbindungen können wahlweise auch Keil- oder Bolzenverbindungen Anwendung finden. Die einzelnen Verbindungen sind gleichmäßig am Ausbauumfang verteilt.To line up the sheet metal segments, they each have angled edges 3.1 according to FIG. 1 a, with which they overlap in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. In the exemplary embodiment, a screw connection is provided in the overlap area. Instead of the screw connections, wedge or bolt connections can also be used. The individual connections are evenly distributed over the scope of expansion.

Gebirgsseitig ist das Blechsegment 3 mit einer Anzahl gleichmäßig verteilter Baustoffanker 3.2 versehen. Die Baustoffanker 3.2 sind verschweißt. An dem dem Blech abgewandten Ende besitzen die Baustoffanker 3.2 eine Abwinkelung. Die Baustoffanker 3.2 dienen dazu, die Verbindung zwischen den Segmenten 1.2 und 3 zu sichern bzw. eine Verbindung herzustellen.On the mountain side, the sheet metal segment 3 is provided with a number of evenly distributed building material anchors 3.2. The building material anchors 3.2 are welded. At the end facing away from the sheet metal, the building material anchors 3.2 have an angle. The building material anchors 3.2 serve to secure the connection between the segments 1.2 and 3 or to establish a connection.

Nach Ausbruch des Kalottenraumes 1 werden im söhligen Bereich 2 zwei Auflager 4 in Form von Betonstreifenfundamenten hergestellt. Auf die Auflager 4 wird die Innenschale 3 aufgestellt. Dabei stützt sich die Innenschale 3 über Nachgiebigkeitselemente 5.1 und 5.2 an den Auflagern ab.After the dome space 1 has broken out, two supports 4 in the form of concrete strip foundations are produced in the area 2. The inner shell 3 is placed on the support 4. The inner shell 3 is supported on the supports via resilience elements 5.1 and 5.2.

Die Einbringung der Innenschale 3 erfolgt mittels einer geeigneten Ausbaubühne oder eines als Ausbauwerkzeug umgearbeiteten Frontladers.The inner shell 3 is introduced by means of a suitable removal platform or a front loader redesigned as a removal tool.

Nach Positionierung der Innerschale 3 wird der Stirnbereich zwischen Innenschale 3 und Gebirge 1.1 mit einer Stirnschalung verschlossen. Ferner wird der Hohlraum 6 hinter den Nachgiebigkeitselementen mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Schalungskörpers offengehalten. Als Schalungskörper für den Hohlraum 6 eignen sich z. B. aufblasbare Kissen.After positioning the inner shell 3, the forehead area between the inner shell 3 and the rock 1.1 is closed with a front formwork. Furthermore, the cavity 6 is kept open behind the resilience elements with the aid of a suitable formwork body. As formwork body for the cavity 6 are such. B. inflatable pillow.

Nach dem Einschalen wird der Hohlraum mit Beton verfüllt, so daß das Betonsegment 1.2 entsteht.After shuttering, the cavity is filled with concrete, so that the concrete segment 1.2 is created.

An den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausbau schließt sich der weitere Ausbruch des Tunnels im Strossenbereich gemäß Fig. 2 an. Dabei wird das Betonsegment 1.2 mit der in Innenschale 3 mittels Ankern 7 in seiner Position gehalten. Die Anker 7 sind wahlweise unmittelbar mit Anbringen der Innenschale 3 oder nach dem Betonieren gesetzt worden. Das Ankersetzen unmittelbar beim Einbringen der Innenschale 3 hat den Vorteil, daß dann die Anker die Innenschale während des Hinterfüllvorganges in ihrer Position halten.The further excavation of the tunnel in the rung area according to FIG. 2 follows the expansion shown in FIG. 1. The concrete segment 1.2 is held in position with the inner shell 3 by means of anchors 7. The anchors 7 have either been placed directly when the inner shell 3 is attached or after concreting. Anchoring directly when inserting the inner shell 3 has the advantage that the anchors then hold the inner shell in position during the backfilling process.

Beim Ausbruch des Tunnels im Strossenbereich gem. Fig. 2 gerät das Auflager 4 in Wegfall. Es wird die Tunnelsohle 8 gegossen.When the tunnel breaks out in the rung area acc. Fig. 2, the support 4 is omitted. The tunnel sole 8 is poured.

Nach Erstellung der Tunnelsohle 8 werden gemäß Fig. 3unterhalb der Innenschale 3 bzw. des die Innenschale 3 bildenden Blechsegmentes weitere Blechsegmente 9 gesetzt. Die weiteren Blechsegmente 9 überlappen das Blechsegment 3 bei 10. Dabei sind die Nachgiebigkeitselemente 5.1 und 5.2 nicht störend, weil sie hinter dem Blechsegment 3 angeordnet sind und über eine Platte 11 mit dem Blechsegment verbunden sind, die mit dem Blechsegment 3 abschließt.After the tunnel base 8 has been created, further sheet metal segments 9 are placed below the inner shell 3 or the sheet metal segment forming the inner shell 3. The other sheet metal segments 9 overlap the sheet metal segment 3 at 10. The resilience elements 5.1 and 5.2 not disturbing, because they are arranged behind the sheet metal segment 3 and are connected to the sheet metal segment via a plate 11, which ends with the sheet metal segment 3.

Die Blechsegmente 9 besitzen wie das Blechsegment 3 Nachgiebigkeitselemente, die hier mit 12 bezeichnet sind und sich an der Tunnelsohle abstützen. Hinter den Nachgiebigkeitselementen 12 entsteht ein Verformungshohlraum 13. Der Verformungshohlraum 13 wird wie der Verformungshohlraum 6 erzeugt. Anschließend wird der Hohlraum hinter den Blechsegmenten 9 mit Beton verfüllt. Dabei wird zugleich der Verformungshohlraum 6 geschlossen, da der Beton die Nachgiebigkeitselemente 5.1 und 5.2 umschließt.Like the sheet metal segment 3, the sheet metal segments 9 have resilience elements, which are denoted here by 12 and are supported on the tunnel sole. A deformation cavity 13 is created behind the resilience elements 12. The deformation cavity 13 is created like the deformation cavity 6. The cavity behind the sheet metal segments 9 is then filled with concrete. The deformation cavity 6 is closed at the same time, since the concrete surrounds the resilience elements 5.1 and 5.2.

In der aus Fig. 3 ersichtlichen Ausbauphase wird die Gebirgsbewegung mit dem Nachgiebigkeitselement 12 aufgenommen. Zugleich kann die Position der Blechsegmente 9 mit weiteren Ankern 14 gesichert werden.In the expansion phase shown in FIG. 3, the mountain movement is taken up with the compliance element 12. At the same time, the position of the sheet metal segments 9 can be secured with further anchors 14.

Die Fig. 1 und 3 zeigen zwei Nachgiebigkeitsphasen, wobei die Nachgiebigkeitsphase nach Fig. 1 sich entsprechend dem Arbeitsfortschritt beim Tunnelausbau im Ausführungsbeispiel auf max. drei Tage beschränkt. In dieser Zeit sind bereits wesentliche Gebirgsspannungen ausgeglichen worden.1 and 3 show two compliance phases, the compliance phase according to FIG. 1 corresponding to the progress of work in tunneling in the exemplary embodiment to max. limited to three days. During this time, significant mountain tensions have been balanced.

Die Nachgiebigkeitsphase nach Fig. 3 kann nach Belieben lang gestaltet werden, um sicherzustellen, daß eine optimale Gebirgsformation durch Nachgeben erreicht worden ist. Anschließend wird der Verformungshohlraum 13 mit Beton verfüllt. Das gechieht vorzugsweise durch Verspritzen von Betonmilch. Zugleich wird der Verformungshohlraum mit einem Wellblechstreifen 15 gemäß Fig. 4 geschlossen. Der Blechstreifen 15 überlappt bei 16 die Segmente 9. Zugleich ist im Sohlbereich ein Sohlblech 17 vorgesehen. Infolgedessen können alle Bleche 3, 9, 15 und 17 miteinander verschweißt werden. Dadurch entsteht eine dichte Blechinnenschale.3 can be made long as desired to ensure that optimal rock formation has been achieved by yielding. The deformation cavity 13 is then filled with concrete. This is preferably done by spraying concrete milk. At the same time, the deformation cavity is closed with a corrugated metal strip 15 according to FIG. 4. The sheet metal strip 15 overlaps the segments 9 at 16. At the same time, a sole sheet 17 is provided in the sole area. As a result, all sheets 3, 9, 15 and 17 can be welded together. This creates a tight inner sheet metal shell.

Die Nachgiebigkeitselemente 5.1, 5.2 und 12 bestehen gemäß Fig. 5 aus M- oder W-förmigen Verformungsprofilen 18. Die Anzahl der Verformungsprofile und ihre Abmessungen können variieren. Damit läßt sich die Nachgiebigkeit der Nachgiebigkeitselemente beliebig einstellen.5, the resilience elements 5.1, 5.2 and 12 consist of M-shaped or W-shaped deformation profiles 18. The number of deformation profiles and their dimensions can vary. The flexibility of the flexibility elements can thus be set as desired.

Die Verformungsprofile 18 und die platte 11 bestehen im Ausführungsbeispiel aus dem gleichen Stahlblech wie die Segmente 3 und 9.The deformation profiles 18 and the plate 11 in the exemplary embodiment consist of the same steel sheet as the segments 3 and 9.

Anstelle der oben beschriebenen aufblasbaren Kissen, die nach Luftablassen entfernt werden können, können auch andere Schalungskörper Verwendung finden. Dazu sind z. B. Hohlkörper aus Holz, Stahl oder Kusntstoff geeignet. Die Körper können eine verlorene Schalung bilden, d. h. die Körper verbleiben an der Einsatzstelle. Wahlweise sind die Körper für die Hohlraumbildung auch mit den Nachgiebigkeitselementen einstückig oder an diesen angeformt. Bei Verwendung von Nachgiebigkeitselementen aus Stahlblechkonstruktion kann der den Hohlraum bildende Formkörper z. B. durch eine Blechauswölbung entstehen.Instead of the inflatable cushions described above, which can be removed after deflating, other formwork bodies can also be used. For this purpose, e.g. B. hollow body made of wood, steel or plastic. The bodies can form a lost formwork, i. H. the bodies remain in place. Optionally, the bodies for the formation of cavities are also made in one piece with the resilience elements or molded onto them. When using resilience elements made of sheet steel construction, the shaped body forming the cavity can, for. B. arise from a sheet metal bulge.

Wahlweise sind die Nachgiebigkeitselemente mit Bewehrungsbolzen versehen, die die Verankerung der Nachgiebigkeitselemente im Beton verbessern.Optionally, the compliance elements are provided with reinforcement bolts that improve the anchoring of the compliance elements in the concrete.

Claims (14)

  1. Process for supporting a tunnel with a reinforced concrete support system having an inner shell consisting of sheet steel segments (3, 9), characterised in that in at least one section under construction
    - the sheet steel serpents (3, 9) are yieldingly fixed to the bottom of the section under construction,
    - the sheet steel segments (3, 9) are backfilled with concrete (1, 2) leaving a free settlement space (6, 13) at the bottom of the section under construction, and
    - after effecting the remaining connection of the support system to the bottom of the section under construction or to the next section under construction, the yielding region is rigidly filled and the sheet steel segments (3, 9) are sealed off from one another.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the sheet steel serpents (3, 9) are fixed to a support (4, 8) by means of yielding elements.
  3. Process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the hollow deformation space is filled with mortar.
  4. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of a multi-stage support system, the subsequent elements are concreted on to the previously completed elements.
  5. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised by overlapping sheet steel serpents (3, 9).
  6. Process according to claim 5, characterised by a closed steel inner shell.
  7. Process according to claim 6, characterised by welded steel sheets.
  8. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised by formwork forming the hollow deformation space behind the yielding elements.
  9. Process according to claim 8, characterised by reusable or expendable moulded bodies.
  10. Process according to claim 8, characterised by moulded bodies which are integrally moulded on to the yielding elements (5.1, 5.2, 12) or are formed in one piece therewith.
  11. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the yielding elements are provided with M- or W-shaped deformation sections (18).
  12. Process according to claim 11, characterised in that the deformation sections are situated behind the sheet steel segments.
  13. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterised by reinforcing bolts on the yielding elements.
  14. Process according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterised by reinforcing rods (3.2) or construction material anchors on the segments (3, 9).
EP89902764A 1988-02-26 1989-02-21 Reinforced concrete construction for road tunnels Expired - Lifetime EP0413693B1 (en)

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AT89902764T ATE83296T1 (en) 1988-02-26 1989-02-21 REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION FOR TRAFFIC TUNNEL.

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DE3806126 1988-02-26
DE3806126A DE3806126A1 (en) 1988-02-26 1988-02-26 CLOSED EXTENSION FOR IN PARTICULAR UNDERGROUND PIT ROUTES

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EP0413693B1 true EP0413693B1 (en) 1992-12-09

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EP89902764A Expired - Lifetime EP0413693B1 (en) 1988-02-26 1989-02-21 Reinforced concrete construction for road tunnels

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BR (1) BR8900857A (en)
DE (2) DE3806126A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2627802A1 (en)
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KR890013307A (en) 1989-09-22
US4997317A (en) 1991-03-05
DE3806126C2 (en) 1990-08-16
CN1038330A (en) 1989-12-27
GB2216157A (en) 1989-10-04
KR900700719A (en) 1990-08-16
GB8904255D0 (en) 1989-04-12
EP0408577A1 (en) 1991-01-23
WO1989008179A1 (en) 1989-09-08
WO1989008181A1 (en) 1989-09-08
KR900700712A (en) 1990-08-16
BR8900857A (en) 1989-10-17
DE3806126A1 (en) 1989-09-07
GB2216157B (en) 1992-01-02
ZA891490B (en) 1989-11-29
CN1017465B (en) 1992-07-15
EP0413693A1 (en) 1991-02-27
JPH02503339A (en) 1990-10-11
JPH02503584A (en) 1990-10-25
DE58902974D1 (en) 1993-01-21
RU1833474C (en) 1993-08-07
FR2627802A1 (en) 1989-09-01
PL277924A1 (en) 1989-09-18
PL159357B1 (en) 1992-12-31

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