EP0374557A2 - Ion diffusion-induced anti-wear layer - Google Patents

Ion diffusion-induced anti-wear layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0374557A2
EP0374557A2 EP89122279A EP89122279A EP0374557A2 EP 0374557 A2 EP0374557 A2 EP 0374557A2 EP 89122279 A EP89122279 A EP 89122279A EP 89122279 A EP89122279 A EP 89122279A EP 0374557 A2 EP0374557 A2 EP 0374557A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ion diffusion
wear protection
cobalt
protection layer
induced wear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89122279A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0374557A3 (en
EP0374557B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Maier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MCA Micro Crystal AG
Micro Crystal AG
Original Assignee
MCA Micro Crystal AG
Micro Crystal AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by MCA Micro Crystal AG, Micro Crystal AG filed Critical MCA Micro Crystal AG
Publication of EP0374557A2 publication Critical patent/EP0374557A2/en
Publication of EP0374557A3 publication Critical patent/EP0374557A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0374557B1 publication Critical patent/EP0374557B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer or hardening layer of high hardness, on a ground hard metal surface.
  • hard metal should be understood to mean, in particular, bonding materials that are based on WC and carbides such as TiC, TaC, NbC, VC and others. and binder metal such as Co, Ni, Fe, Mo and others or alloys of the binding metals are formed, the TiC also being able to be replaced by Ti (C, N) and the WC content should be ⁇ 50%.
  • Dielectric coatings are known which are applied to tools by methods such as PVD / CVD and thereby form a hard and brittle layer of different adhesion. This is due to the fact that, in process engineering, zones of different potential or shadow zones arise on complex-shaped tools, which result in differing layer thicknesses or reduced adhesion of the layers. In use, these irregularities lead to the formation of flaking at the cutting edges or to cracks in the Surface in the area of the chip guide geometry, which also result in flaking when loaded.
  • the invention is based on the task of applying a wear protection layer which holds reliably on the material surface and thereby reduces the sliding friction of the tool surface and thereby the service life of the tool in use, in particular when processing chemically aggressive materials, for example when processing synthetic resins, to increase.
  • This object is achieved in that the lattice defects caused by the grinding is diffused to a depth of approximately 100 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 40 ⁇ m, which fixes the lattice defects.
  • the material penetrates into the workpiece to a depth of approximately 60 ⁇ m, the proportion of the diffused material decreasing with increasing depth according to the invention.
  • the material which has diffused in has formed a tungsten-cobalt mixed oxide-phosphate layer.
  • cermets are understood to mean composite materials that are similar to hard metals and are based on TiC / TiN and carbides such as WC, TaC, NbC, VC or the like. are formed and binding metal such as Ni, Co, Mo or the like. exhibit; the TiC / TiN content should be ⁇ 50%.
  • the diffused material consists of nickel and / or cobalt oxide phosphate, which merges into a nickel and / or cobalt phosphate layer in the outer region.
  • ground carbide surface changes the most heavily used upper layer, so that the greatest increase in strength also occurs here.
  • the lattice disturbances decrease with increasing depth, which results in an excellent anchoring of the ion-diffusion-induced material.
  • the toughened material also improves the toughness without reducing the bond in the cermets.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

Ion diffusion-induced anti-wear layer or consolidation layer of higher hardness on a ground sintered carbide surface, in which lattice defects occur on grinding, into which material fixing the lattice defects has diffused down to a depth of about 100 mu m.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht bzw. Verfestigungsschicht hoher Härte, auf einer geschliffenen Hartmetalloberfläche.The invention relates to an ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer or hardening layer of high hardness, on a ground hard metal surface.

Unter Hartmetall sollen im vorliegenden Fall insbesondere Verbungwerkstoffe verstanden werden, die auf der Basis WC und Karbide wie TiC, TaC, NbC, VC u.a. und Bindemetall wie Co, Ni, Fe, Mo u.a. oder auch Legierungen der Bindemetalle gebildet sind, wobei das TiC auch durch Ti(C,N) ersetzt sein kann und der WC-Gehalt ≧ 50% sein soll.In the present case, hard metal should be understood to mean, in particular, bonding materials that are based on WC and carbides such as TiC, TaC, NbC, VC and others. and binder metal such as Co, Ni, Fe, Mo and others or alloys of the binding metals are formed, the TiC also being able to be replaced by Ti (C, N) and the WC content should be ≧ 50%.

Bekannt sind dielektrische Beschichtungen, die durch Verfahren wie PVD/CVD auf Werkzeuge aufgebracht werden und dabei eine harte und spröde Schicht unterschiedlicher Haftung bilden.
Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß bei der Verfahrenstechnik an komplex geformten Werkzeugen Zonen unterschiedlichen Potentials oder Schattenzonen entstehen, die voneinander abweichende Schichtdicken oder verringerte Haftung der Schichten zur Folge haben.
Im Einsatz führen diese Unregelmäßigkeiten zur Bildung von Abplatzungen an den Schneidkanten oder zu Rissen in der Oberfläche im Bereich der Spanleitgeometrie, die bei Belastung ebenfalls Abplatzungen zur Folge haben.Dielectric coatings are known which are applied to tools by methods such as PVD / CVD and thereby form a hard and brittle layer of different adhesion.
This is due to the fact that, in process engineering, zones of different potential or shadow zones arise on complex-shaped tools, which result in differing layer thicknesses or reduced adhesion of the layers.
In use, these irregularities lead to the formation of flaking at the cutting edges or to cracks in the Surface in the area of the chip guide geometry, which also result in flaking when loaded.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verschleißschutzschicht anzubringen, welche zuverlässig auf der Materialoberfläche hält und dabei die Gleitreibung der Werkzeugoberfläche verringert und dadurch die Lebensdauer des Werkzeuges im Einsatz, insbesondere bei der Bearbeitung von chemisch agressiven Werkstoffen, zum Beispiel bei der Bearbeitung von Kunstharzen, zu erhöhen.The invention is based on the task of applying a wear protection layer which holds reliably on the material surface and thereby reduces the sliding friction of the tool surface and thereby the service life of the tool in use, in particular when processing chemically aggressive materials, for example when processing synthetic resins, to increase.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in die durch das Schleifen hervorgerufenen Gitterfehler bis zu einer Tiefe von etwa 100µm, vorzugsweise 30 bis 40µm Material eindiffundiert ist, welches die Gitterfehler fixiert.This object is achieved in that the lattice defects caused by the grinding is diffused to a depth of approximately 100 μm, preferably 30 to 40 μm, which fixes the lattice defects.

Die beim Schleifen hervorgerufenen Gitterstörungen bewirken selbst bereits eine ganz erhebliche Festigkeitserhöhung des Hartmetalls. durch das eindiffundierte Material werden diese festigkeitserhöhenden Störungen stabilisiert und bleiben erhalten. Zusätzlich kann das eindiffundierte Material eine weitere Festigkeitserhöhung mitsichbringen.The lattice disturbances caused during grinding themselves cause a considerable increase in the hard metal's strength. These strength-increasing disturbances are stabilized and retained through the diffused material. In addition, the material that has diffused in can bring about a further increase in strength.

Das Material dringt dabei bis zu einer Tiefe von etwa 60µm in das Werkstück ein, wobei erfindungsgemäß das eindiffundierte Material in seinem Anteil mit zunehmender Tiefe abnimmt.The material penetrates into the workpiece to a depth of approximately 60 μm, the proportion of the diffused material decreasing with increasing depth according to the invention.

Dadurch wird eine besonders wirksame Verankerung des eingebrachten Materials erreicht.A particularly effective anchoring of the material introduced is thereby achieved.

Sehr vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn erfindungsgemäß an der Oberfläche eine geschlossene Schicht des eindiffundierten Materials gebildet ist.It is also very advantageous if, according to the invention, a closed layer of the diffused material is formed on the surface.

Damit wird die Gleitreibung in sehr wirkungsvoller Weise weiter herabgesetzt.This further reduces sliding friction in a very effective way.

Als sehr günstig hat es sich erwiesen, wenn erfindungsgemäß das eindiffundierte Material eine Wolfram-Cobalt-Mischoxyd-­Phosphatschicht gebildet hat.It has proven to be very favorable if, according to the invention, the material which has diffused in has formed a tungsten-cobalt mixed oxide-phosphate layer.

Eine derartige Materialkombination hat sich sowohl bezüglich der Stabilisierung der Gitterstörungen als auch bezüglich der Bildung einer eigenen Verschleißschutzschicht als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen.Such a combination of materials has proven to be very advantageous both with regard to the stabilization of the lattice defects and with regard to the formation of an own wear protection layer.

Ebenfalls sehr gute Ergebnisse wurden bei der Behandlung von Werkzeugen aus sogenannten Cermets erzielt, wenn das eindiffundierte Material aus Titan-Molybdän und Titan-­Molybdan-Kobalt-Mischoxyd Phosphat besteht, wobei gleichzeitig mit einer von innen nach außen ansteigenden Anreicherung von Titan-Molybdän und Titan-Molybdän-Nickel-­Kobalt-Mischoxid-Phosphat der Nickel- und Kobaltgehalt in dieser Zone von außen nach innen zunimmt.Also very good results have been achieved in the treatment of tools made of so-called cermets, if the material that is diffused in consists of titanium-molybdenum and titanium-molybdenum-cobalt mixed oxide phosphate, while simultaneously increasing the concentration of titanium-molybdenum and titanium from the inside out -Molybdenum-nickel-cobalt-mixed oxide-phosphate the nickel and cobalt content in this zone increases from the outside to the inside.

Unter sogenannten Cermets werden Verbundwerkstoffe verstanden, die ähnlich den Hartmetallen sind und auf der Basis von TiC/TiN und Karbiden wie WC, TaC, NbC, VC od.dgl. gebildet sind und Bindemetall wie Ni, Co, Mo od.dgl. aufweisen; dabei soll der TiC/TiN-Gehalt ≧ 50% betragen.So-called cermets are understood to mean composite materials that are similar to hard metals and are based on TiC / TiN and carbides such as WC, TaC, NbC, VC or the like. are formed and binding metal such as Ni, Co, Mo or the like. exhibit; the TiC / TiN content should be ≧ 50%.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt darin, daß das eindiffundierte Material aus Nickel- und/oder Kobalt-oxid-Phosphat besteht, das im äußeren Bereich in eine Nickel- und/oder Kobalt-Phosphat-Schicht übergeht.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the diffused material consists of nickel and / or cobalt oxide phosphate, which merges into a nickel and / or cobalt phosphate layer in the outer region.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gegeben, daß die Homogenität der Schicht auf der gesamten durch Schleifen behandelten Werkzeugoberfläche unabhängig von deren räumlicher Gestaltung gleich ist.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is given in that the homogeneity of the layer is the same on the entire tool surface treated by grinding, regardless of its spatial configuration.

Eine besondere Eigenschaft der geschliffenen Hartmetalloberfläche ist es, daß die Strukturveränderung an der am stärksten beanspruchten oberen Schicht am größten ist, so daß auch hier die größte Festigkeitssteigerung eintritt.A special property of the ground carbide surface is that the structure changes the most heavily used upper layer, so that the greatest increase in strength also occurs here.

Die Gitterstörungen nehmen mit zunehmender Tiefe ab, wodurch eine hervorragende Verankerung des ionendiffusionsinduzierten Materials erfolgt.The lattice disturbances decrease with increasing depth, which results in an excellent anchoring of the ion-diffusion-induced material.

Bei der Cermets wird durch das eindiffundierte Material darüber hinaus eine Zähigkeitsverbesserung erzielt, ohne daß dabei eine Verminderung des Verbundes in den Cermets erfolgt.In the case of the cermets, the toughened material also improves the toughness without reducing the bond in the cermets.

Claims (7)

1. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht bzw. Verfestigungsschicht hoher Härte, auf einer geschliffenen Hartmetalloberfläche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die durch das Schleifen hervorgerufenen Gitterfehler bis zu einer Tiefe von etwa 100µm, vorzugsweise 30 bis 40µm Material eindiffundiert ist, welches die Gitterfehler fixiert.1. Ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer or hardening layer of high hardness, on a ground hard metal surface, characterized in that in the lattice defects caused by the grinding is diffused to a depth of about 100 µm, preferably 30 to 40 µm, which fixes the lattice defects. 2. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eindiffundierte Material in seinem Anteil mit zunehmender Tiefe abnimmt.2. Ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffused material decreases in its proportion with increasing depth. 3. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Oberfläche eine geschlossene Schicht des eindiffundierten Materials gebildet ist.3. Ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a closed layer of the diffused material is formed on the surface. 4. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eindiffundierte Material eine Wolfram-Cobalt-­Mischoxyd-Phosphatschicht gebildet hat.4. ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the diffused material has formed a tungsten-cobalt mixed oxide-phosphate layer. 5. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, bei Werkzeugen aus Cermets, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eindiffundierte Material aus Titan-Molybdän und Titan-Molybdän-Kobalt-­ Mischoxyd Phosphat besteht, wobei gleichzeitig mit einer von innen nach außen ansteigenden Anreicherung von Titan-Molybdän und Titan-Molybdän-Nickel-Kobalt-­Mischoxid-Phosphat der Nickel- und Kobaltgehalt in dieser Zone von außen nach innen zunimmt.5. ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, for tools made of cermets, characterized in that the diffused material made of titanium-molybdenum and titanium-molybdenum-cobalt Mixed oxide phosphate exists, and at the same time with an increase in the concentration of titanium-molybdenum and titanium-molybdenum-nickel-cobalt-mixed oxide-phosphate from the inside out, the nickel and cobalt content in this zone increases from the outside in. 6. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eindifundierte Material aus Nickel- und/oder Kobaltoxid-Phosphat besteht, das im äußeren Bereich in eine Nickel- und/oder Kobalt-Phosphat-Schicht übergeht.6. Ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the diffused material consists of nickel and / or cobalt oxide phosphate which merges into a nickel and / or cobalt phosphate layer in the outer region. 7. Ionendiffusionsinduzierte Verschleißschutzschicht nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Homogenität der Schicht auf der gesamten durch Schleifen behandelten Werkzeugoberfläche unabhängig von deren räumlicher Gestaltung gleich ist.7. Ion diffusion-induced wear protection layer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the homogeneity of the layer on the entire surface of the tool treated by grinding is the same regardless of their spatial design.
EP89122279A 1988-12-19 1989-12-02 Ion diffusion-induced anti-wear layer Expired - Lifetime EP0374557B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3842707A DE3842707A1 (en) 1988-12-19 1988-12-19 ION DIFFUSION-INDUCED WEAR PROTECTIVE LAYER
DE3842707 1988-12-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0374557A2 true EP0374557A2 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0374557A3 EP0374557A3 (en) 1991-08-07
EP0374557B1 EP0374557B1 (en) 1995-06-14

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EP89122279A Expired - Lifetime EP0374557B1 (en) 1988-12-19 1989-12-02 Ion diffusion-induced anti-wear layer

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EP (1) EP0374557B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02282466A (en)
AT (1) ATE123821T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3842707A1 (en)

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JP3444988B2 (en) * 1994-10-18 2003-09-08 沖電気工業株式会社 Nonvolatile semiconductor disk device and control method therefor
KR100471599B1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2005-03-07 엠.제이.테크(주) Vehicle engine tappet
DK2070631T3 (en) * 2006-10-02 2014-01-27 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp ASSEMBLY WELDED WITH ELECTRON Beam WITH SPECIAL NON-SENSITIVITY FOR CROSS-BREAKING
DE102016213352A1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Lead-free aluminum plain bearing material with functional surface

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0098453A1 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the production of hard, wear-resistant external coats on a metallic material
GB2125442A (en) * 1982-05-24 1984-03-07 Atomic Energy Authority Uk A procedure for the hardening of materials
EP0175538A1 (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-03-26 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Surface treatment of metals
EP0212524A2 (en) * 1985-08-19 1987-03-04 Carboloy Inc. Hard metal alloy with surface region enriched with tantalum, niobium, vanadium or combinations thereof and methods of making the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2125442A (en) * 1982-05-24 1984-03-07 Atomic Energy Authority Uk A procedure for the hardening of materials
EP0098453A1 (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the production of hard, wear-resistant external coats on a metallic material
EP0175538A1 (en) * 1984-09-14 1986-03-26 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Surface treatment of metals
EP0212524A2 (en) * 1985-08-19 1987-03-04 Carboloy Inc. Hard metal alloy with surface region enriched with tantalum, niobium, vanadium or combinations thereof and methods of making the same

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HAM, Prospekt CVOC-Verschleissschutz-Beschichtungen, wann veröffentlicht ? *
Römpps Chemie Lexikon, 8. Auflage, Band 1, Seite 635 *
Römpps Chemie Lexikon, 8. Auflage, Band 3, Seite 1634 *
The new Penguin Dictionary of Electronics, Penguin Books, 1979, Seiten 103-104 und 248 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE123821T1 (en) 1995-06-15
JPH02282466A (en) 1990-11-20
EP0374557A3 (en) 1991-08-07
DE58909297D1 (en) 1995-07-20
DE3842707A1 (en) 1990-06-21
EP0374557B1 (en) 1995-06-14

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