EP0363779A1 - Anchoring device for a tensioning rod composed of a fibre composite - Google Patents

Anchoring device for a tensioning rod composed of a fibre composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363779A1
EP0363779A1 EP89118239A EP89118239A EP0363779A1 EP 0363779 A1 EP0363779 A1 EP 0363779A1 EP 89118239 A EP89118239 A EP 89118239A EP 89118239 A EP89118239 A EP 89118239A EP 0363779 A1 EP0363779 A1 EP 0363779A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
tension member
intermediate layer
thread
fiber composite
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Granted
Application number
EP89118239A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0363779B1 (en
Inventor
Widmann Aktiengesel Dyckerhoff
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Walter Bau AG
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Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
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Priority to AT89118239T priority Critical patent/ATE75798T1/en
Publication of EP0363779A1 publication Critical patent/EP0363779A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/47—Molded joint
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/47—Molded joint
    • Y10T403/472—Molded joint including mechanical interlock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/47—Molded joint
    • Y10T403/473—Socket or open cup for bonding material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for anchoring a rod-shaped tension member made of fiber composite material for use as an anchor element in foundation or mining, as a reinforcement element for concrete, in particular prestressed concrete or the like.
  • Tension members made of high-strength fiber composite materials have a lower specific weight, but above all a higher corrosion resistance. With regard to these properties, such tension members could therefore be used with advantage as anchor elements in foundations and mines, where aggressive water often occurs, which poses a risk of corrosion for steel tension members.
  • Tension members made of fiber composite materials also behave similarly to steel, i.e. they have an essentially linear stress-strain line. In contrast to steel tension members, they have no yield point; on the contrary, they break when their tensile strength is reached without previous plastic deformation. This property and, in contrast to their strength in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, only very low transverse compressive strength prevent the anchoring devices which are otherwise known and proven in the construction industry from being adopted directly.
  • Anchoring solely by frictional engagement is not only complex because it requires the generation of clamping forces to be effective; it is also problematic because the reliability of such anchoring depends in the long run on the materials used, in particular for the sprags, maintaining their properties for a long time. This cannot be guaranteed with certainty, especially if one takes into account age-related creep.
  • Anchoring by gluing has the disadvantage that more or less complex measures have to be taken to produce anchoring at specific points on the tension member, which require a not inconsiderable amount of work to be performed on site.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a way to be able to transmit the anchoring force by direct form and friction in the thread, even with a tension member made of fiber composite materials in the anchoring area, similar to a threaded bolt with nut, without impermissibly high stresses in the Tension member arise.
  • this object is achieved in that an anchoring element provided with a corresponding thread is screwed onto the tension member provided at least at the points provided for anchoring with continuous, thread-forming profiles running along a helix, and between the tension member and the anchoring element an intermediate layer made of a material is provided which, when overstressed, enables large deformations with a small increase in stress.
  • the material forming the intermediate layer can be applied to the inner surface of the anchoring element or can also be subsequently introduced into the intermediate space between the tension member and the anchoring element and completely fill this intermediate space.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the rod-shaped tension member made of fiber composite material itself is provided with a thread-forming profile, that is to say has profiles which interact with corresponding profiles of an anchoring body in a form-fitting and frictional manner.
  • the basic idea of the invention is between the tension member and the anchoring body, more precisely between the mutually engaging profiles of these two Elements to provide a buffer layer as a plasticizing zone.
  • the properties of this buffer layer must be such that their strength is less than the strength of the fiber composite material on transverse pressure and that large deformations with a small increase in stress are possible under load from a certain compressive stress.
  • the intermediate layer therefore suitably consists of plastic, for example of a thermoplastic such as polyethylene, a thermoset such as epoxy resin or the like.
  • the intermediate layer can also consist of a swelling material which exerts a transverse pressure on the tension member.
  • the profiles of the tension member expediently form an asymmetrical trapezoidal thread, in which the thread ribs are wider than the thread fillets.
  • an anchoring force is transmitted, for example, from a steel nut via the buffer layer and the synthetic resin of the tension member to the fibers; there is therefore a sufficient chain of damping elements.
  • the anchor nut need not be made of steel either; for example, it can also be made from a correspondingly reinforced thermoplastic.
  • the anchor rod 1 shows a longitudinal section through the anchoring area of a rock anchor with an anchor rod 1 which is inserted into a borehole 2.
  • the anchor rod 1 consists of a fiber composite material of appropriate strength; it is provided on its surface with a profile that forms a thread 3.
  • An anchoring device is arranged at the air-side end of the borehole 2 to secure the excavation area 4.
  • a nut 5 is provided as an anchoring device, which is supported against an anchor plate 6, which in turn rests on the breakout surface 4.
  • Fig. 2 which shows only a small section in longitudinal section of the force transmission area between the anchor rod 1 and the anchoring nut 5, shows the arranged on the surface of the rod 1 thread 3 from cross-sectional trapezoidal ribs 7 and depressions 8.
  • the ribs 7 are wider than the depressions 8 in order to ensure proper transmission of the shear forces.
  • the thread 3 can be produced, for example, by applying a deformation pressure to the rod 1 from the outside in the radial direction during the hardening of the unidirectional fibers which envelop and adhere to one another, by means of which the depressions 8 are produced as impressions. As a result, the fibers are not cut up, but - as indicated in FIG. 2 - only deflected somewhat in their course.
  • the anchoring nut 5 screwed onto the anchor rod 1 is provided on its inner surface with a corresponding profile consisting of ribs 9 and depressions 10.
  • the inner surface of the anchoring nut 5 is coated with a coating 11 made of plastic, which follows the predetermined profile and in turn forms a thread that corresponds in shape and size to that of the anchor rod 1, so that the anchoring nut 5 can be screwed onto the anchor rod 1.
  • the anchor rod 1 also shown in FIG. 3 in a longitudinal section in turn has ribs 7 and depressions 8 which form a thread.
  • the anchoring nut 5 ' has a corresponding thread made of ribs 14 and recesses 15 therebetween.
  • a material 16 is introduced, for example injected, into the space between the anchor rod 1 and the anchoring nut 5', which must have the play required for screwing on , which completely fills the intermediate space and thus forms an intermediate layer 16.
  • a tensile force is applied to the anchor rod 1 in the direction of the arrow 12 with simultaneous support of the anchoring nut 5 ', there is again an increasing deformation of the intermediate layer 16 in the direction of force occur, which was attempted to indicate at 13.
  • the material of the intermediate layer 11 or 16 are materials which swell strongly and which additionally exert a transverse pressure on the anchor rod 1. This increases the interlaminar shear strength, which under certain circumstances can reduce the anchoring length.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

Ein als Ankerelement im Grund- oder Bergbau geeignetes stabförmiges Zugglied (1) aus Faserverbundwerkstoff ist an den zur Verankerung vorgesehenen Stellen mit entlang einer Schraubenlinie verlaufenden durchgehenden und ein Gewinde bildenden Profilierungen aus Rippen (7) und Vertiefungen (8) versehen. Zur Verankerung ist auf dieses Gewinde eine mit einem entsprechenden Gewinde versehene Verankerungsmutter (5) aufgeschraubt. Zwischen dem Zugglied (1) und der Verankerungsmutter (5) ist eine Zwischenschicht (11) aus einem Material vorgesehen, das bei Überbeanspruchung große Verformungen bei geringer Spannungszunahme ermöglicht. Zwischen den miteinander im Eingriff befindlichen Gewinden befindet sich so eine Plastifizierungszone, deren Festigkeit geringer ist als die des Faserverbundwerkstoffes auf Querdruck, so daß unter Belastung ab einer bestimmten Spannung Spannungsspitzen im Faserverbundwerkstoff dadurch vermieden werden, daß das Material der Zwischenschicht (11) ins Fließen gerät.A rod-shaped tension member (1) made of fiber composite material, which is suitable as an anchor element in foundation or mining, is provided at the points provided for anchoring with continuous, thread-forming profiles made of ribs (7) and depressions (8). For anchoring, a corresponding anchoring nut (5) is screwed onto this thread. An intermediate layer (11) made of a material is provided between the tension member (1) and the anchoring nut (5), which, when overstressed, enables large deformations with a small increase in stress. Between the threads in engagement with one another there is a plasticizing zone, the strength of which is lower than that of the fiber composite material on transverse pressure, so that stress peaks in the fiber composite material are avoided under load from a certain tension in that the material of the intermediate layer (11) starts to flow .

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Verankerung eines stabförmigen Zugglieds aus Faserverbundwerkstoff zur Verwendung als Ankerelement im Grund- oder Bergbau, als Bewehrungselement für Beton, insbesondere Spannbeton oder dergleichen.The invention relates to a device for anchoring a rod-shaped tension member made of fiber composite material for use as an anchor element in foundation or mining, as a reinforcement element for concrete, in particular prestressed concrete or the like.

Für Bauaufgaben des Ingenieurbaus werden in der letzten Zeit in zunehmendem Maße anstelle von Zuggliedern aus Stahl auch solche aus hochfesten Faserverbundwerkstoffen verwendet. Zugglieder aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen, wie z.B. Polyamid-, Aramid-, Glas- oder Karbonfasern, haben bei vergleichbarer Zugfestigkeit gegenüber Stahl ein geringeres spezifisches Gewicht, vor allem aber eine höhere Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Solche Zugglieder könnten also mit Rücksicht auf diese Eigenschaften mit Vorteil als Ankerelemente im Grund- und Bergbau eingesetzt werden, wo oft aggressive Wässer auftreten, die für Zugglieder aus Stahl eine Korrosionsgefahr bedeuten.In recent times, construction tasks in engineering have increasingly been made of steel, instead of tension members made of high-strength fiber composite materials. Tension members made of fiber composite materials, e.g. Polyamide, aramid, glass or carbon fibers, with comparable tensile strength compared to steel, have a lower specific weight, but above all a higher corrosion resistance. With regard to these properties, such tension members could therefore be used with advantage as anchor elements in foundations and mines, where aggressive water often occurs, which poses a risk of corrosion for steel tension members.

Zugglieder aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen verhalten sich bei Belastung im Gebrauchszustand auch ähnlich wie solche aus Stahl, d.h. sie haben eine im wesentlichen linear verlaufende Spannungsdehnungslinie. Im Gegensatz zu Zuggliedern aus Stahl haben sie aber keine Streckgrenze; sie brechen vielmehr bei Erreichen ihrer Zugfestigkeit ohne vorhergehende plastische Verformung. Diese Eigenschaft und die im Gegensatz zu ihrer Festigkeit in Faserlängsrichtung nur sehr geringe Querdruckfestigkeit verhindern, daß die sonst im Bauwesen bekannten und bewährten Verankerungsvorrichtungen unmittelbar übernommen werden können.Tension members made of fiber composite materials also behave similarly to steel, i.e. they have an essentially linear stress-strain line. In contrast to steel tension members, they have no yield point; on the contrary, they break when their tensile strength is reached without previous plastic deformation. This property and, in contrast to their strength in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, only very low transverse compressive strength prevent the anchoring devices which are otherwise known and proven in the construction industry from being adopted directly.

Im Bereich von Verankerungsvorrichtungen kommt ein weiteres Problem hinzu. Je größer die Länge der Strecke wird, die zur Kraftübertragung zwischen einem Zugglied und einem Verankerungselement, z.B. einer Verankerungsmutter erforderlich ist, um so mehr besteht die Gefahr, daß die Verformungen im Zugglied und in dem Verankerungselement nicht miteinander in Einklang stehen, ja sogar einander entgegengerichtet sind. So erleidet eine auf eine Ankerplatte abgestützte Verankerungsmutter Druckspannungen, wird also gestaucht, während das dazugehörige Zugglied Zugspannungen erfährt, also gedehnt wird. Bei Muffenverbindungen von Zuggliedern wird die Verbindungsmuffe zwar ebenfalls gedehnt, jedoch stimmen die Dehnungen von Zugglied und Muffe schon wegen ihrer unterschiedlichen Querschnittsfläche nicht überein; zumindest sind sie ungleichmäßig über die Länge der Muffenverbindung verteilt.Another problem arises in the area of anchoring devices. The greater the length of the route, the Power transmission between a tension member and an anchoring element, for example an anchoring nut, is required, the more there is a risk that the deformations in the tension member and in the anchoring element are not in line with one another, even are opposed to one another. An anchoring nut supported on an anchor plate suffers compressive stresses, ie it is compressed, while the associated tension member experiences tensile stresses, that is, it is stretched. In the case of sleeve connections of tension members, the connection sleeve is also stretched, but the expansion of the tension member and sleeve does not match because of their different cross-sectional area; at least they are distributed unevenly over the length of the socket connection.

Bei metallischen Werkstoffen, wie z.B. Stahl, wird dieses Problem meist durch plastische Verformungen des Werkstoffes selbst gelöst, der die Eigenschaft hat, Belastungsspitzen durch Fließen abzubauen. Bei nichtmetallischen Werkstoffen treten diese Probleme aber offen zu Tage. Dazu kommt, daß bei Zuggliedern aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen einerseits bei gleicher Zugspannung etwa die vierfachen Dehnungen wie bei Stahl auftreten, andererseits aber auch wegen der geringen laminaren Scherfestigkeit und hohen Querdruckempfindlichkeit sehr lange Strecken für die gegenseitige Kraftübertragung erforderlich werden.For metallic materials, such as Steel, this problem is usually solved by plastic deformation of the material itself, which has the property of reducing stress peaks by flowing. With non-metallic materials, however, these problems become apparent. In addition, tensile members made of fiber composite materials, on the one hand, have about four times the elongation at the same tensile stress as in steel, but on the other hand, very long distances are necessary for the mutual force transmission due to the low laminar shear strength and high sensitivity to lateral pressure.

Versuche zum Einsatz von Stäben aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen als Spannglieder im Spannbetonbau haben deshalb meist zu Verankerungen durch infolge von Klemmkräften erzielten Reibungsschluß oder durch Verkleben geführt. Eine Verankerung allein durch Reibungsschluß ist aber nicht nur aufwendig, weil es zu ihrem Wirksamwerden der Erzeugung von Klemmkräften bedarf; sie ist auch problematisch, weil die Zuverlässigkeit einer solchen Verankerung auf lange Dauer davon abhängt, daß die verwendeten Materialien, insbesondere für den Klemmkörper, ihre Eigenschaften auf lange Zeit beibehalten. Dies kann, vor allem wenn man ein alterungsbedingtes Kriechen berücksichtigt, nicht mit Sicherheit garantiert werden. Eine Verankerung durch Verkleben hat den Nachteil, daß zur Herstellung von Verankerungen an gezielten Stellen des Zugglieds mehr oder weniger aufwendige Vorkehrungen getroffen werden müssen, die einen jeweils vor Ort zu erbringenden, nicht unbeträchtlichen Aufwand erfordern.Attempts to use rods made of fiber composite materials as tendons in prestressed concrete construction have therefore mostly resulted in anchoring as a result of frictional engagement as a result of clamping forces or by gluing. Anchoring solely by frictional engagement is not only complex because it requires the generation of clamping forces to be effective; it is also problematic because the reliability of such anchoring depends in the long run on the materials used, in particular for the sprags, maintaining their properties for a long time. This cannot be guaranteed with certainty, especially if one takes into account age-related creep. Anchoring by gluing has the disadvantage that more or less complex measures have to be taken to produce anchoring at specific points on the tension member, which require a not inconsiderable amount of work to be performed on site.

Um Stäbe aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen - Betonbewehrungsstäben vergleichbar - zur Armierung von Beton einsetzen zu können, ist es bekannt, einen solchen Stab auf seiner Oberfläche mit einer Profilierung zur Verbesserung des Verbundes im Beton zu versehen, die auch aus einer Rillen bzw. Rippen bildenden spiralförmigen Umwicklung bestehen kann (DE-U 19 36 078). Eine punktuelle Verankerung durch Verankerungskörper ist in diesem Zusammenhang nicht erwähnt; sie würde zu den oben beschriebenen Problemen führen.In order to be able to use bars made of fiber composite materials - comparable to concrete reinforcement bars - for reinforcing concrete, it is known to provide such a bar with a profiling on its surface to improve the bond in the concrete, which also consist of a spiral-shaped wrap forming grooves or ribs can (DE-U 19 36 078). A specific anchoring by anchoring bodies is not mentioned in this context; it would lead to the problems described above.

Schließlich ist es auch bekannt, ein stabförmiges Zugglied aus hochfesten, unidirektionalen Fasern scherfest mit einer Ummantelung aus einem Material zu versehen, dessen Dehnfähigkeit größer ist als diejenige der Fasern und das bei Überbeanspruchung plastisch verformbar ist (DE 37 03 974A1). Dabei ist es auch möglich, dieser Ummantelung an ihrer Oberfläche eine Profilierung zu geben, die zum formschlüssigen Eingriff mit eine entsprechende Profilierung, z.B. ein Grobgewinde, tragenden Verankerungs- oder Verbindungskörpern geeignet ist. Diese Ummantelung hat zwar die Wirkung, daß in einem Verankerungsbereich zwischen dem Zugglied und einem Verankerungskörper ein Verformungsausgleich eintreten kann, bei dem Belastungsspitzen durch Plastifizierung abgebaut werden. Die Verankerungskraft muß aber in jedem Fall durch Haftverbund zwischen dem Zugglied und der Beschichtung übertragen werden.Finally, it is also known to provide a rod-shaped tension member made of high-strength, unidirectional fibers with a sheathing made of a material whose elasticity is greater than that of the fibers and which is plastically deformable in the event of excessive stress (DE 37 03 974A1). It is also possible to give this casing a profiling on its surface which is suitable for positive engagement with a corresponding profiling, for example a coarse thread, supporting anchoring or connecting bodies. This sheathing has the effect that deformation compensation can occur in an anchoring area between the tension member and an anchoring body, in which stress peaks are reduced by plasticization. In any case, the anchoring force must be achieved through an adhesive bond between the tension member and the coating be transmitted.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, um auch bei einem Zugglied aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen im Verankerungsbereich, ähnlich wie bei einem Gewindebolzen mit Mutter, die Verankerungskraft durch unmittelbaren Form- und Reibschluß im Gewinde übertragen zu können, ohne daß unzulässig hohe Spannungen im Zugglied entstehen.The invention has for its object to provide a way to be able to transmit the anchoring force by direct form and friction in the thread, even with a tension member made of fiber composite materials in the anchoring area, similar to a threaded bolt with nut, without impermissibly high stresses in the Tension member arise.

Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß auf das zumindest an den zur Verankerung vorgesehenen Stellen mit entlang einer Schraubenlinie verlaufenden, durchgehenden und ein Gewinde bildenden Profilierungen versehene Zugglied ein mit einem entsprechenden Gewinde versehenes Verankerungselement aufgeschraubt ist und daß zwischen dem Zugglied und dem Verankerungselement eine Zwischenschicht aus einem Material vorgesehen ist, das bei Überbeanspruchung große Verformungen bei geringer Spannungszunahme ermöglicht.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that an anchoring element provided with a corresponding thread is screwed onto the tension member provided at least at the points provided for anchoring with continuous, thread-forming profiles running along a helix, and between the tension member and the anchoring element an intermediate layer made of a material is provided which, when overstressed, enables large deformations with a small increase in stress.

Das die Zwischenschicht bildende Material kann auf die Innenfläche des Verankerungselements aufgebracht oder auch nachträglich in den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Zugglied und dem Verankerungselement eingebracht sein und diesen Zwischenraum vollständig ausfüllen.The material forming the intermediate layer can be applied to the inner surface of the anchoring element or can also be subsequently introduced into the intermediate space between the tension member and the anchoring element and completely fill this intermediate space.

Die Erfindung basiert auf der Überlegung, daß das stabförmige Zugglied aus Faserverbundwerkstoff selbst mit einer ein Gewinde bildenden Profilierung versehen ist, also Profilierungen aufweist, die mit entsprechenden Profilierungen eines Verankerungskörpers form- und reibschlüssig zusammenwirken. Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, zwischen dem Zugglied und dem Verankerungskörper, besser gesagt zwischen den miteinander in Eingriff befindlichen Profilierungen dieser beiden Elemente eine Pufferschicht als Plastifizierungszone vorzusehen. Die Eigenschaften dieser Pufferschicht müssen so sein, daß ihre Festigkeit geringer ist als die Festigkeit des Faserverbundwerkstoffes auf Querdruck und daß unter Belastung ab einer bestimmten Druckspannung große Verformungen bei geringer Spannungszunahme möglich sind. Solche Eigenschaften erfüllen vielfach Kunststoffe; die Zwischenschicht besteht deshalb zweckmäßig aus Kunststoff, z.B. aus einem Thermoplast wie Polyäthylen, einem Duroplast wie Epoxidharz oder dergleichen. Die Zwischenschicht kann auch aus einem nachquellenden Material bestehen, das einen Querdruck auf das Zugglied ausübt.The invention is based on the consideration that the rod-shaped tension member made of fiber composite material itself is provided with a thread-forming profile, that is to say has profiles which interact with corresponding profiles of an anchoring body in a form-fitting and frictional manner. The basic idea of the invention is between the tension member and the anchoring body, more precisely between the mutually engaging profiles of these two Elements to provide a buffer layer as a plasticizing zone. The properties of this buffer layer must be such that their strength is less than the strength of the fiber composite material on transverse pressure and that large deformations with a small increase in stress are possible under load from a certain compressive stress. Such properties often fulfill plastics; the intermediate layer therefore suitably consists of plastic, for example of a thermoplastic such as polyethylene, a thermoset such as epoxy resin or the like. The intermediate layer can also consist of a swelling material which exerts a transverse pressure on the tension member.

Zweckmäßig bilden die Profilierungen des Zuggliedes ein unsymmetrisches Trapezgewinde, bei dem die Gewinderippen breiter sind als die Gewindekehlen.The profiles of the tension member expediently form an asymmetrical trapezoidal thread, in which the thread ribs are wider than the thread fillets.

Bei einem solchen Aufbau des Verankerungsbereiches wird eine Verankerungskraft beispielsweise von einer Mutter aus Stahl über die Pufferschicht und das Kunstharz des Zuggliedes auf die Fasern übertragen; damit ist eine ausreichende Kette an Dämpfungselementen vorhanden. Es braucht auch die Verankerungsmutter nicht aus Stahl zu bestehen; sie kann beispielsweise auch aus einem entsprechend bewehrten Thermoplast gefertigt sein.With such a structure of the anchoring area, an anchoring force is transmitted, for example, from a steel nut via the buffer layer and the synthetic resin of the tension member to the fibers; there is therefore a sufficient chain of damping elements. The anchor nut need not be made of steel either; for example, it can also be made from a correspondingly reinforced thermoplastic.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 als Anwendungsbeispiel der Erfindung eine Verankerungsvorrichtung für einen Felsanker im Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus einem Längsschnitt durch den Bereich der Kraftübertragung zwischen dem Ankerstab und der Verankerungsmutter und
  • Fig. 3 eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer anderen Ausführungsform.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • 1 as an application example of the invention, an anchoring device for a rock anchor in longitudinal section,
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged section of a longitudinal section through the area of power transmission between the anchor rod and the anchoring nut and
  • Fig. 3 is a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 of another embodiment.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch den Verankerungsbereich eines Felsankers mit einem Ankerstab 1, der in ein Bohrloch 2 eingesetzt ist. Der Ankerstab 1 besteht aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff entsprechender Festigkeit; er ist an seiner Oberfläche mit einer Profilierung versehen, die ein Gewinde 3 bildet. Am luftseitigen Ende des Bohrloches 2 ist zur Sicherung der Ausbruchfläche 4 eine Verankerungsvorrichtung angeordnet. Als Verankerungsvorrichtung ist eine Mutter 5 vorgesehen, die sich gegen eine Ankerplatte 6 abstützt, die ihrerseits an der Ausbruchfläche 4 anliegt. Diese Darstellung ist nur beispielhaft zu verstehen; die Erfindung kann selbstverständlich auch bei anderen Verankerungen wie auch bei Verbindungen von in entsprechender Weise ausgebildeten Stäben aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen eingesetzt werden.1 shows a longitudinal section through the anchoring area of a rock anchor with an anchor rod 1 which is inserted into a borehole 2. The anchor rod 1 consists of a fiber composite material of appropriate strength; it is provided on its surface with a profile that forms a thread 3. An anchoring device is arranged at the air-side end of the borehole 2 to secure the excavation area 4. A nut 5 is provided as an anchoring device, which is supported against an anchor plate 6, which in turn rests on the breakout surface 4. This representation is only to be understood as an example; the invention can of course also be used for other anchors as well as for the connection of rods made of fiber composite materials which are formed in a corresponding manner.

Fig. 2, die nur in einem kleinen Ausschnitt im Längsschnitt den Kraftübertragungsbereich zwischen dem Ankerstab 1 und der Verankerungsmutter 5 zeigt, läßt das an der Oberfläche des Stabes 1 angeordnete Gewinde 3 aus im Querschnitt trapezförmigen Rippen 7 und Vertiefungen 8 erkennen. Dabei sind die Rippen 7 breiter als die Vertiefungen 8, um eine ordnungsgemäße Übertragung der Scherkräfte gewährleisten zu können. Das Gewinde 3 kann beispielsweise dadurch erzeugt werden, daß auf den Stab 1 während des Erhärtens des die unidirektionalen Fasern einhüllenden und miteinander verklebenden Kunstharzes von außen in radialer Richtung ein Verformungsdruck aufgebaut wird, durch den die Vertiefungen 8 als Einprägungen erzeugt werden. Die Fasern werden dadurch nicht zerschnitten, sondern - wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet - nur in ihrem Verlauf etwas umgelenkt.Fig. 2, which shows only a small section in longitudinal section of the force transmission area between the anchor rod 1 and the anchoring nut 5, shows the arranged on the surface of the rod 1 thread 3 from cross-sectional trapezoidal ribs 7 and depressions 8. The ribs 7 are wider than the depressions 8 in order to ensure proper transmission of the shear forces. The thread 3 can be produced, for example, by applying a deformation pressure to the rod 1 from the outside in the radial direction during the hardening of the unidirectional fibers which envelop and adhere to one another, by means of which the depressions 8 are produced as impressions. As a result, the fibers are not cut up, but - as indicated in FIG. 2 - only deflected somewhat in their course.

Die auf den Ankerstab 1 aufgeschraubte Verankerungsmutter 5 ist an ihrer Innenfläche mit einer entsprechenden Profilierung aus Rippen 9 und Vertiefungen 10 versehen. Die Innenfläche der Verankerungsmutter 5 ist mit einer Beschichtung 11 aus Kunststoff überzogen, die der vorgegebenen Profilierung folgt und ihrerseits ein Gewinde bildet, das in Form und Größe demjenigen des Ankerstabes 1 entspricht, so daß die Verankerungsmutter 5 auf den Ankerstab 1 aufgeschraubt werden kann.The anchoring nut 5 screwed onto the anchor rod 1 is provided on its inner surface with a corresponding profile consisting of ribs 9 and depressions 10. The inner surface of the anchoring nut 5 is coated with a coating 11 made of plastic, which follows the predetermined profile and in turn forms a thread that corresponds in shape and size to that of the anchor rod 1, so that the anchoring nut 5 can be screwed onto the anchor rod 1.

Wenn nun auf den Ankerstab 1 in Richtung des Pfeils 12 eine Zugkraft ausgeübt wird, während sich die Verankerungsmutter 5 gegenüber der Ankerplatte 6 abstützt, kann sich das Material der Beschichtung 11, das eine größere Dehnfähigkeit aufweist als das Material des Ankerstabes 1, örtlich auftretenden Spannungsspitzen durch plastische Verformung entziehen. Diese Verformungen sind durch schraffierte Bereiche 13 angedeutet; sie sind infolge der Dehnung des Ankerstabes 1 in dem der Abstützung zugewandten Bereich der Verankerungsmutter 5 größer und verringern sich zu dem der Abstützung abgewandten Bereich.If a tensile force is now exerted on the anchor rod 1 in the direction of the arrow 12 while the anchoring nut 5 is supported with respect to the anchor plate 6, the material of the coating 11, which has greater elasticity than the material of the anchor rod 1, can experience locally occurring stress peaks withdraw by plastic deformation. These deformations are indicated by hatched areas 13; due to the expansion of the anchor rod 1, they are larger in the area of the anchoring nut 5 facing the support and decrease to the area facing away from the support.

Der in Fig. 3 ebenfalls in einem Längsschnitt dargestellte Ankerstab 1 besitzt wiederum Rippen 7 und Vertiefungen 8, die ein Gewinde bilden. Auch die Verankerungsmutter 5′ besitzt ein entsprechendes Gewinde aus Rippen 14 und dazwischenliegenden Vertiefungen 15. In diesem Beispiel ist in den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Ankerstab 1 und der Verankerungsmutter 5′, der das zum Aufschrauben erforderliche Spiel aufweisen muß, ein Material 16 eingebracht, z.B. injiziert, das den Zwischenraum vollständig ausfüllt und so eine Zwischenschicht 16 bildet. Beim Aufbringen einer Zugkraft auf den Ankerstab 1 in Richtung des Pfeils 12 bei gleichzeitiger Abstützung der Verankerungsmutter 5′ wird auch hier wieder eine in Kraftrichtung zunehmende Verformung der Zwischenschicht 16 eintreten, was bei 13 anzudeuten versucht wurde.The anchor rod 1 also shown in FIG. 3 in a longitudinal section in turn has ribs 7 and depressions 8 which form a thread. The anchoring nut 5 'has a corresponding thread made of ribs 14 and recesses 15 therebetween. In this example, a material 16 is introduced, for example injected, into the space between the anchor rod 1 and the anchoring nut 5', which must have the play required for screwing on , which completely fills the intermediate space and thus forms an intermediate layer 16. When a tensile force is applied to the anchor rod 1 in the direction of the arrow 12 with simultaneous support of the anchoring nut 5 ', there is again an increasing deformation of the intermediate layer 16 in the direction of force occur, which was attempted to indicate at 13.

Als besonders vorteilhaft für das Material der Zwischenschicht 11 bzw. 16 sind stark nachquellende Materialien anzusehen, die zusätzlich einen Querdruck auf den Ankerstab 1 ausüben. Dadurch wird die interlaminare Schubfestigkeit erhöht, wodurch unter Umständen die Verankerungslänge reduziert werden kann.Particularly advantageous for the material of the intermediate layer 11 or 16 are materials which swell strongly and which additionally exert a transverse pressure on the anchor rod 1. This increases the interlaminar shear strength, which under certain circumstances can reduce the anchoring length.

Claims (6)

1. Vorrichtung zur Verankerung eines stabförmigen Zugglieds aus Faserverbundwerkstoff zur Verwendung als Ankerelement im Grund- oder Bergbau, als Bewehrungselement für Beton, insbesondere Spannbeton oder dergleichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf das zumindest an den zur Verankerung vorgesehenen Stellen mit entlang einer Schraubenlinie verlaufenden, durchgehenden und ein Gewinde bildenden Profilierungen versehene Zugglied (1) ein mit einem entsprechenden Gewinde versehenes Verankerungselement (5, 5′) aufgeschraubt ist und daß zwischen dem Zugglied (1) und dem Verankerungselement (5, 5′) eine Zwischenschicht (12, 16) aus einem Material vorgesehen ist, das bei Überbeanspruchung große Verformungen bei geringer Spannungszunahme ermöglicht.1. Device for anchoring a rod-shaped tension member made of fiber composite material for use as an anchor element in foundation or mining, as a reinforcement element for concrete, in particular prestressed concrete or the like, characterized in that on the at least at the points provided for anchoring with running along a helix, continuous and a thread-forming profiles provided tension member (1) with an appropriate thread anchoring element (5, 5 ') is screwed and that between the tension member (1) and the anchoring element (5, 5') from an intermediate layer (12, 16) a material is provided that allows large deformations with little stress increase in the event of overstress. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Zwischenschicht (11) bildende Material auf die Innenfläche des Verankerungselements (5) aufgebracht ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material forming the intermediate layer (11) is applied to the inner surface of the anchoring element (5). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Zwischenschicht (16) bildende Material nachträglich in den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Zugglied (1) und dem Verankerungselement (5′) eingebracht ist und diesen Zwischenraum vollständig ausfüllt.3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the material forming the intermediate layer (16) is subsequently introduced into the space between the tension member (1) and the anchoring element (5 ') and completely fills this space. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenschicht (11, 16) aus einem Kunststoff, z.B. einem Thermoplast, einem Duroplast oder dergleichen besteht.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate layer (11, 16) made of a plastic, e.g. a thermoplastic, a thermoset or the like. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenschicht (16) aus einem nachquellenden Material besteht, das einen Querdruck auf das Zugglied (1) ausübt.5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the intermediate layer (16) consists of a swelling material which exerts a transverse pressure on the tension member (1). 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Profilierungen des Zuggliedes (1) ein unsymmetrisches Trapezgewinde bilden, bei dem die Gewinderippen (7) breiter sind als die Gewindekehlen (8).6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the profiles of the tension member (1) form an asymmetrical trapezoidal thread, in which the threaded ribs (7) are wider than the thread grooves (8).
EP89118239A 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Anchoring device for a tensioning rod composed of a fibre composite Expired - Lifetime EP0363779B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89118239T ATE75798T1 (en) 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 DEVICE FOR ANCHORING A ROD-SHAPED TENSION MADE OF FIBER COMPOSITE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3834266 1988-10-08
DE3834266A DE3834266A1 (en) 1988-10-08 1988-10-08 DEVICE FOR ANCHORING A ROD-SHAPED TENSION LINK MADE OF FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Publications (2)

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EP0363779A1 true EP0363779A1 (en) 1990-04-18
EP0363779B1 EP0363779B1 (en) 1992-05-06

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EP89118239A Expired - Lifetime EP0363779B1 (en) 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Anchoring device for a tensioning rod composed of a fibre composite

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US (1) US4958961A (en)
EP (1) EP0363779B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH083237B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE75798T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3834266A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE75798T1 (en) 1992-05-15
JPH02147749A (en) 1990-06-06
DE3834266A1 (en) 1990-04-12
US4958961A (en) 1990-09-25
JPH083237B2 (en) 1996-01-17
EP0363779B1 (en) 1992-05-06
DE58901333D1 (en) 1992-06-11

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