EP0351668B1 - Dowel for façades - Google Patents
Dowel for façades Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0351668B1 EP0351668B1 EP89112452A EP89112452A EP0351668B1 EP 0351668 B1 EP0351668 B1 EP 0351668B1 EP 89112452 A EP89112452 A EP 89112452A EP 89112452 A EP89112452 A EP 89112452A EP 0351668 B1 EP0351668 B1 EP 0351668B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- facade
- wall
- tie
- mortar
- lamellae
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000587161 Gomphocarpus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0222—Replacing or adding wall ties
Definitions
- the invention relates to a facade dowel in the form of an elongated connecting element for installation in mutually aligned bores of a supporting wall and a facade arranged in front of it at a distance from a ventilation gap, the connecting element emitting an axial channel extending from its rear end for mortar injection with a plurality of radial openings adjoining it in the facade area contains in the annular space formed with the borehole wall, the ends of which are closed in the area of the facade by lamellae which can be fixed on the connecting element, and the axial channel also contains an outlet opening for the injected mortar mass in the supporting wall area.
- facade dowel of the type mentioned has the shape of a bolt-shaped connecting element for bridging the ventilation gap between the facade and the supporting wall.
- the axial channel extending through the connecting element is closed at the preceding end and is provided with radial channels extending from it both in the facade area and in the supporting wall area, which open out at the periphery of the connecting element into outlet openings for the injected mortar mass.
- the bolt-shaped connecting element is made of solid material with a narrow axial channel, it is not able to adapt to the relative movements between the facade and the supporting wall that occur during weather and temperature changes. This has the consequence that the connecting elements loosen relatively quickly and / or breaks occur in the facade.
- the known connecting element can only be used in conjunction with a low-viscosity synthetic resin, because a mortar applied with cement and sand cannot escape sufficiently from the narrow channels and openings and cannot fill the annular space between the connecting element and the wall hole.
- the invention has for its object to improve and further develop a facade anchor of the type specified in such a way that it can advantageously replace the so-called air-layer anchors described above by having a small diameter the wall holes, for example corresponding to a normal mortar joint width, nevertheless a complete mortar filling also ensures that the wall hole furthest away from the injection point and, moreover, also ensures their permanent bond in the event of relative movements between the facade and the supporting wall.
- the thin-walled, corrosion-resistant dowel tube is sufficient due to the high tensile and bending strength of its material and due to its mortar bond with the wall holes, all forces that may occur between the supporting wall and the facing shell or facade due to settlement or expansion. Since the required tensile and bending strength is guaranteed even with a small wall thickness of the dowel tube, there is a sufficient cross-section inside as a flow channel available for the mortar to be injected, even if the outer diameter of the dowel tube is reduced to such an extent that it can be inserted into wall bores that do not exceed the dimensions of a conventional mortar joint and outside the dowel tube there is still a sufficient distance for the mortar bond between Dowel tube and borehole wall remain.
- the beads or notches attached at longitudinal intervals prevent an uncontrolled kinking of the dowel tube and give it a certain flexibility at these points, which may be desirable in the area of the ventilation gap with regard to possible expansion movements between the supporting wall and the facing shell.
- the small wall thickness and the resulting large cross-section of the injection channel lead to the advantage that the dowel tube can be accommodated in a hole within a conventional wall joint during renovation work and undesirable additional facade holes can be largely avoided.
- the plastic bushings, which bear the resilient lamella seals ensure that the dowel tube is held centrally within the wall bores at least until the mortar has set, so that a secure bond with the borehole wall is created over the entire circumference of the dowel tube.
- the preferably diametrically opposite pairs of openings provided in the facade area of the dowel can be dimensioned such that the mortar injected through the dowel tube initially flows through the unimpeded pipe cross-section to the open end due to the lower resistance and fills the borehole from there, while the pressure continues to build up the mortar gradually emerges from the circumferential openings and fills the annular space in the facade area which is closed off by the lamellar bushings.
- the beads or notches of the dowel tube are arranged in pairs in the same radial plane and in an axial sequence offset by 90 ° to each other.
- the beads or notches in the dowel tube can preferably be provided in the area of the ventilation gap.
- the outer circumference of the dowel tube is expediently roughened and / or provided with grooves similar to a thread in order to improve the mortar bond between the dowel tube and the borehole wall.
- the plastic bushings each consist of a jacket surrounding the dowel tube with a plurality of ring-shaped or helical lamellas facing the borehole wall, and that at least one radially directed knob is formed on the inside of the jacket, which is formed in an opening of the dowel tube can be pressed in to fix the socket.
- the plastic bushings can contain a longitudinal slot which also extends through the molded knobs. Due to the elasticity of the plastic material forming the bushes, these automatically attach themselves to the circumference of the dowel tube. Since the longitudinal slot also extends through the knobs, this gets a certain flexibility, with which it can be easily pressed into the assigned opening in the dowel tube and then widened again.
- the lamellae of the plastic bushings can expediently contain a V-shaped recess at least on the side opposite the longitudinal slot, which facilitate the opening of the bushing and are effective for venting the wall bores during the mortar injection.
- the lengths of the plastic bushings or the lamellar spacing can be dimensioned such that they cover wall areas which have broken out around the entrance or exit of the wall bores and lie against the undamaged borehole wall with at least two lamellas.
- a stocking made of plastic fabric can be pulled over the preceding end of the dowel tube and is clamped to the dowel tube in the area of the lamella group that closes the supporting wall bore.
- a ventilation or insulating gap 26 which is usually used for rear ventilation of the facade and can optionally be filled with insulating material.
- a bore 16 extends through the facade 12 and is aligned with a bore section 14 in the underground wall 10.
- the hole corresponds approximately to the thickness of a normal mortar joint of 12 to 15 mm, although other dimensions are also possible. For larger dimensions, if the mortar joint or areas next to it have to be drilled out, the broken-out wall areas 18 and 20 shown in FIG. 1 can arise at the entrance and exit of the facade bore.
- the dowel tube 22 carries a total of three lamella bushes 24 made of resilient material or plastic, which serve as a concentric end plug for the mortar mass to be filled.
- Each lamella bushing 24 consists of a jacket 32 which bears against the outside of the dowel tube and from which annular lamellae 34 point in the radial direction.
- the lamellae 34 which can optionally also be helically formed on the casing, are supported on the wall of the boreholes 14 and 16 and are then effective as a seal against the mortar mass injected through the dowel tube.
- an inwardly directed extension or knobs 36 is formed on the inside of the lamella bushing, which has a circular circumference, for example, in the enlarged illustration according to FIG. 3.
- a positioning opening 38 is assigned to each knob in the dowel tube, into which the knob 36 is pressed and thereby the lamellae is positioned in the axial direction. The position of these openings 38 in the dowel tube can be adapted to the conditions given by the respective wall.
- a lamellar bushing 24 closes off the annular space around the dowel tube at the entrance of the borehole 14 into the underground wall.
- the next following lamella bush 24 is located on the back of the facade wall 12, i. H. on the inside of the ventilation gap 26, where it closes off the annular space around the dowel inside the facade wall, which on the other hand is closed at the front by the lamella bushing arranged at the borehole entrance to the facade wall.
- the length of the lamellar bushes 24 is dimensioned such that wall areas which have broken out around the entrance and exit are also taken into account and in any case two lamellas lie sealingly against the undamaged borehole wall.
- the dowel tube 22 is open at both ends. 1, the dowel tube 22 can be made flexible at various points, preferably in the area of the ventilation gap by transverse beads or notches 40, which are preferably arranged in pairs on opposite sides and are also offset in pairs by 90 ° to one another. In order to achieve a particularly effective bond between the facade wall, mortar mass and dowel, the circumference of the dowel tube 22 can be roughened or grooved as a whole or only in the facade area.
- the lamella bushing 24 is provided with a longitudinal slot 42.
- a V-shaped recess 46 in each of the lamellae 34 on the side opposite the longitudinal slot in order to facilitate the opening of the lamellae bushing.
- Additional V-shaped recesses 44 may be provided to facilitate air leakage from the borehole when the backfill is injected
- a drill hole 16 is made in the mortar joint between two stones of a facade wall 12 in need of renovation and a blind hole 14 in the underlying substrate by means of a hammer drill.
- an injection tube preferably made of plastic parts, is then put together and inserted into the aligned boreholes.
- the injection tube comprises a plastic tube 54 for bridging the ventilation gap 26 and a rear plastic sleeve 62, which are inserted into one another and inserted into the borehole until they are one defined dimension are pressed into the facade bore 16.
- the plastic pipe 54 has at the preceding end 56 outer sealing lamellae 58 which prevent the mortar from escaping from the wall bore 14.
- the plastic pipe is extended beyond the penetration depth of the sealing lamellae, so that, similarly to the steel pipe described above, a molded network can be clamped on using a plastic ring, with which the function is also ensured with hollow bricks, perforated or honeycomb bricks.
- the total length of the plastic tube 54 depends on the ventilation gap 26 and extends beyond the length of the ventilation gap by a certain amount into the borehole 14 in the underground wall or into the borehole 16 of the facade wall.
- the rear end 60 of the plastic tube 54 is inserted into a receptacle 68 surrounded by outer sealing lamella 64 at the preceding end of the plastic sleeve 62 inserted into the facade bore.
- the sealing lamellas 64 delimit the cavity filled with mortar and delimited to the outside by the borehole wall in the facade wall in the direction of the ventilation gap 26.
- the plastic sleeve 62 At the rear end of the plastic sleeve 62 near the entrance of the borehole 16 there are sealing lamellas 66 on the outer circumference and in the area between In the preceding slats 64 and the rear slats 66, the plastic sleeve 62 contains a plurality of longitudinal slots 70 through which the mortar exits into the outer annular space at the latest after the borehole 14 in the underground wall has been completely filled and an increased pressure has built up.
- the plastic tube 54 is preferably press-fitted into the receptacle 68 of the plastic sleeve 62 and locked there by a stop shoulder.
- the plastic sleeve 62 can contain a total of four longitudinal slots 70.
- the material bond between the mortar and the supporting substructure creates a material composite that is essential for anchoring. When using a molding net, this is stretched through the penetrating mortar, so that a force-locking connection is created by forming the borehole.
- the annular space between the wire anchor and the inner wall of the plastic tube is preferably small.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Fassadendübel in Form eines länglichen Verbindungselementes zum Einbau in miteinander fluchtende Bohrungen einer Tragwand und einer im Abstand eines Lüftungsspaltes davor angeordneten Fassade, wobei das Verbindungselement einen von seinem rückwärtigen Ende ausgehenden Axialkanal zur Mörtelinjektion mit mehreren im Fassadenbereich daran anschließenden radialen Öffnungen als Mörtelaustritt in den mit der Bohrlochwand gebildeten Ringraum enthält, dessen Enden im Bereich der Fassade durch auf dem Verbindungselement fixierbare Lamellen geschlossen sind, und wobei der Axialkanal auch im Tragwandbereich eine Austrittsöffnung für die injizierte Mörtelmasse enthält.The invention relates to a facade dowel in the form of an elongated connecting element for installation in mutually aligned bores of a supporting wall and a facade arranged in front of it at a distance from a ventilation gap, the connecting element emitting an axial channel extending from its rear end for mortar injection with a plurality of radial openings adjoining it in the facade area contains in the annular space formed with the borehole wall, the ends of which are closed in the area of the facade by lamellae which can be fixed on the connecting element, and the axial channel also contains an outlet opening for the injected mortar mass in the supporting wall area.
Es ist bekannt, die in einem Abstand vor der Hauptmauer oder Tragwand angeordneten Vormauer, Vorsatzschale oder Fassaden unter Verwendung Z-förmig gebogener Eisen, auch Luftschichtanker genannt, mit der Tragwand zu verbinden. Solche Ankereisen ragen z.B. aus einer Öffnung der Tragwand heraus und werden mit ihrem freien Ende in einer Mörtelfuge oder einer anderen Aufnahme der vorgehängten Fassade eingemörtelt oder einbetoniert. Im Laufe der Zeit rosten die sich durch den Lüftungsspalt zwischen Fassade und Tragwand erstreckenden Ankereisen durch und genügen dann den Sicherheitsanforderungen nicht mehr, so daß die Fassade im Verlauf von durch Temperaturunterschiede auftretenden Dehnungsänderungen leicht einfallen kann.It is known to connect the facing wall, facing shell or facades arranged at a distance in front of the main wall or supporting wall to the supporting wall using Z-shaped bent iron, also called air-layer anchors. Such anchor bars protrude, for example, from an opening in the supporting wall and are mortared or concreted in with their free end in a mortar joint or another receptacle of the curtain wall. Over time, the anchor iron extending through the ventilation gap between the facade and the supporting wall rust through and then no longer meet the safety requirements, so that the facade in the course of changes in elongation caused by temperature differences.
Ein aus der DE-A 1 802 770, Fig. 5, bekannter Fassadendübel der eingangs angegebenen Art hat die Form eines bolzenförmigen Verbindungselementes zur Überbrückung des Lüftungsspaltes zwischen Fassade und Tragwand. Der sich durch das Verbindungselement erstreckende Axialkanal ist am vorangehenden Ende geschlossen und ist sowohl im Fassadenbereich als auch im Tragwandbereich mit von ihm ausgehenden Radialkanälen versehen, die am Umfang des Verbindungselementes in Austrittsöffnungen für die injizierte Mörtelmasse münden. Da das bolzenförmige Verbindungselement aus Massivmaterial mit einem engen Axialkanal besteht, ist es nicht in der Lage, sich an die bei Witterungs- und Temperaturänderungen auftretenden Relativbewegungen zwischen Fassade und Tragwand anzupassen. Dies hat zur Folge, daß sich die Verbindungselemente verhältnismäßig schnell lockern und/oder Brüche in der Fassade auftreten. Darüberhinaus ist das bekannte Verbindungselement nur in Verbindung mit einem dünnflüssigen Kunstharz verwendbar, weil ein mit Zement und Sand angesetzter Mörtel aus den engen Kanälen und Öffnungen nicht ausreichend entweichen und den Ringraum zwischen Verbindungselement und Wandbohrung nicht füllen kann.A known from the DE-A 1 802 770, Fig. 5, facade dowel of the type mentioned has the shape of a bolt-shaped connecting element for bridging the ventilation gap between the facade and the supporting wall. The axial channel extending through the connecting element is closed at the preceding end and is provided with radial channels extending from it both in the facade area and in the supporting wall area, which open out at the periphery of the connecting element into outlet openings for the injected mortar mass. Since the bolt-shaped connecting element is made of solid material with a narrow axial channel, it is not able to adapt to the relative movements between the facade and the supporting wall that occur during weather and temperature changes. This has the consequence that the connecting elements loosen relatively quickly and / or breaks occur in the facade. In addition, the known connecting element can only be used in conjunction with a low-viscosity synthetic resin, because a mortar applied with cement and sand cannot escape sufficiently from the narrow channels and openings and cannot fill the annular space between the connecting element and the wall hole.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Fassadendübel der eingangs angegebenen Art dahingehend zu verbessern und weiterzubilden, daß er mit Vorteil die vorbeschriebenen sog. Luftschichtanker ersetzen kann, indem er bei geringem Durchmesser der Wandbohrungen, z.B. entsprechend einer üblichen Mörtelfugenbreite, dennoch eine vollständige Mörtelfüllung auch der von der Injektionsstelle am weitesten entfernt liegenden Wandbohrung und darüberhinaus auch bei Relativbewegungen von zwischen Fassade und Tragwand deren dauerhaften Verbund gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to improve and further develop a facade anchor of the type specified in such a way that it can advantageously replace the so-called air-layer anchors described above by having a small diameter the wall holes, for example corresponding to a normal mortar joint width, nevertheless a complete mortar filling also ensures that the wall hole furthest away from the injection point and, moreover, also ensures their permanent bond in the event of relative movements between the facade and the supporting wall.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist der Fassadendübel erfindungsgemäß folgende Merkmale auf:
- das Verbindungselement ist ein aus korrosionsbeständigem Stahl bestehendes dünnwandiges Dübelrohr, dessen vorangehendes Ende die im Tragwandbereich mündende Austrittsöffnung bildet;
- das Dübelrohr ist an mehreren Stellen seiner Länge durch parallel zu seinem Umfang verlaufende, insbesondere diametral zueinander angeordnete Paare von Sicken oder Kerben gegen unkontrollierte Knickung versteift und gleichzeitig gegenüber Relativbewegungen von Fassade und Tragwand begrenzt nachgiebig;
- zur zentrischen Positionierung sind auf dem Dübelrohr im Bereich der Ein- und Ausgänge der Wandbohrungen befestigbare nachgiebibe Lamellen dichtungen tragende Kunststoffbuchsen angeordnet.
- the connecting element is a thin-walled dowel tube made of corrosion-resistant steel, the preceding end of which forms the outlet opening which opens into the supporting wall area;
- the dowel tube is stiffened at several points along its length by pairs of beads or notches running parallel to its circumference, in particular diametrically arranged to one another, against uncontrolled kinking and at the same time is flexible to a limited extent with respect to relative movements of the facade and supporting wall;
- For centric positioning, flexible bushings that carry gasket-bearing plastic bushings are arranged on the dowel tube in the area of the entrances and exits of the wall bores.
Bei dieser Bauform genügt das dünnwandige korrosionsbeständige Dübelrohr aufgrund der hohen Zug- und Biegefestigkeit seines Materials und aufgrund seines Mörtelverbandes mit den Wandbohrungen sämtlichen durch Setzungen oder Dehnungen möglicherweise auftretenden Kräften zwischen Tragwand und Vorsatzschale bzw. Fassade. Da die erforderliche Zug- und Biegefestigkeit auch bei geringer Wandstärke des Dübelrohres gewährleistet ist, steht in seinem Innern ein ausreichender Querschnitt als Strömungskanal für den zu injizierenden Mörtel zur Verfügung, und zwar selbst dann, wenn der Außendurchmesser des Dübelrohres soweit reduziert ist, daß er in Wandbohrungen eingeführt werden kann, welche die Abmessungen einer üblichen Mörtelfuge nicht überschreiten und außerhalb des Dübelrohres noch ein ausreichender Abstand für den Mörtelverbund zwischen Dübelrohr und Bohrlochwand verbleibt. Die unter Längsabständen angebrachten Sicken oder Kerben verhindern eine unkontrollierte Knickung des Dübelrohres und verleihen ihm an diesen Stellen eine gewisse Biegefähigkeit, die im Bereich des Lüftungsspaltes im Hinblick auf mögliche Dehnungsbewegungen zwischen Tragwand und Vorsatzschale erwünscht sein kann. Die geringe Wandstärke und der dadurch erzielbare große Querschnitt des Injektionskanals führen zu dem Vorteil, daß das Dübelrohr bei Sanierungsarbeiten in einer Bohrung innerhalb einer üblichen Mauerfuge untergebracht werden kann une unerwünschte zusätzliche Fassadenbohrungen weitgehend vermieden werden. Die die nachgiebigen Lamellen dichtungen tragenden Kunststoffbuchsen sorgen für eine zentrische Halterung des Dübelrohres innerhalb der Wandbohrungen mindestens bis zur Zeit des Abbindens des Mörtels, so daß über den gesamten Umfang des Dübelrohres ein sicherer Verbund mit der Bohrlochwand entsteht.With this design, the thin-walled, corrosion-resistant dowel tube is sufficient due to the high tensile and bending strength of its material and due to its mortar bond with the wall holes, all forces that may occur between the supporting wall and the facing shell or facade due to settlement or expansion. Since the required tensile and bending strength is guaranteed even with a small wall thickness of the dowel tube, there is a sufficient cross-section inside as a flow channel available for the mortar to be injected, even if the outer diameter of the dowel tube is reduced to such an extent that it can be inserted into wall bores that do not exceed the dimensions of a conventional mortar joint and outside the dowel tube there is still a sufficient distance for the mortar bond between Dowel tube and borehole wall remain. The beads or notches attached at longitudinal intervals prevent an uncontrolled kinking of the dowel tube and give it a certain flexibility at these points, which may be desirable in the area of the ventilation gap with regard to possible expansion movements between the supporting wall and the facing shell. The small wall thickness and the resulting large cross-section of the injection channel lead to the advantage that the dowel tube can be accommodated in a hole within a conventional wall joint during renovation work and undesirable additional facade holes can be largely avoided. The plastic bushings, which bear the resilient lamella seals, ensure that the dowel tube is held centrally within the wall bores at least until the mortar has set, so that a secure bond with the borehole wall is created over the entire circumference of the dowel tube.
Die im Fassadenbereich des Dübels vorgesehenen vorzugsweise einander diametral gegenüberliegenden Öffnungspaare können so bemessen sein, daß der durch das Dübelrohr injizierte Mörtel aufgrund des geringeren Widerstandes zunächst durch den unbehinderten Rohrquerschnitt zum offenen Ende fließt und von dort aus das Bohrloch ausfüllt, während bei weiteraufbauendem Druck der Mörtel nach und nach auch aus den Umfangsöffnungen austritt und den durch die Lamellenbuchsen abgeschlossenen Ringraum im Fassadenbereich füllt. Durch die Öffnungen hindurch bildet der innerhalb und außerhalb des Dübelrohres befindliche Mörtelquerstege, die die Mörtelmassen miteinander verbinden.The preferably diametrically opposite pairs of openings provided in the facade area of the dowel can be dimensioned such that the mortar injected through the dowel tube initially flows through the unimpeded pipe cross-section to the open end due to the lower resistance and fills the borehole from there, while the pressure continues to build up the mortar gradually emerges from the circumferential openings and fills the annular space in the facade area which is closed off by the lamellar bushings. The mortar crosspieces located inside and outside the dowel tube, which connect the mortar masses to one another, form through the openings.
Zur Erzielung der kontrollierten Biegefähigkeit des Dübelrohres wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Sicken oder Kerben des Dübelrohres paarweise in der gleichen Radialebene und in axialer Folge um jeweils 90° zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind. Dabei können die Sicken oder Kerben im Dübelrohr bevorzugt im Bereich des Lüftungsspaltes vorgesehen sein. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Außenumfang des Dübelrohres aufgerauht und/oder ähnlich einem Gewinde mit Rillen versehen, um den Mörtelverbund zwischen Dübelrohr und Bohrlochwand zu verbessern.To achieve the controlled bending ability of the dowel tube, it is proposed that the beads or notches of the dowel tube are arranged in pairs in the same radial plane and in an axial sequence offset by 90 ° to each other. The beads or notches in the dowel tube can preferably be provided in the area of the ventilation gap. The outer circumference of the dowel tube is expediently roughened and / or provided with grooves similar to a thread in order to improve the mortar bond between the dowel tube and the borehole wall.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Fassadendübels wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Kunststoffbuchsen jeweils aus einem das Dübelrohr umfassenden Mantel mit mehreren zur Bohrlochwand gerichteten ring- oder wendelförmigen Lamellen bestehen, und daß an der Innenseite des Mantels wenigstens ein radial gerichteter Noppen angeformt ist, der in eine Öffnung des Dübelrohres zum Fixieren der Buchse eindrückbar ist.In a further embodiment of the facade dowel according to the invention it is proposed that the plastic bushings each consist of a jacket surrounding the dowel tube with a plurality of ring-shaped or helical lamellas facing the borehole wall, and that at least one radially directed knob is formed on the inside of the jacket, which is formed in an opening of the dowel tube can be pressed in to fix the socket.
Zur Vereinfachung der Montage auf dem Dübelrohr können die Kunststoffbuchsen einen Längsschlitz enthalten, der sich auch durch den angeformten Noppen erstreckt. Durch die Elastizität des die Buchsen bildenden Kunststoffmaterials legen diese sich selbsttätig an den Umfang des Dübelrohrs an. Da sich der Längsschlitz auch durch den Noppen erstreckt, erhält dieser eine gewisse Nachgiebigkeit, mit der er sich leicht in die ihm zugeordnete Öffnung im Dübelrohr eindrücken läßt und sich danach wieder aufweitet. Zweckmäßigerweise können die Lamellen der Kunststoffbuchsen wenigstens an der dem Längsschlitz gegenüberliegenden Seite eine V-förmige Ausnehmung enthalten, die das Aufklappen der Buchse erleichtern und zur Entlüftung der Wandbohrungen während der Mörtelinjektion wirksam sind.To simplify assembly on the dowel tube, the plastic bushings can contain a longitudinal slot which also extends through the molded knobs. Due to the elasticity of the plastic material forming the bushes, these automatically attach themselves to the circumference of the dowel tube. Since the longitudinal slot also extends through the knobs, this gets a certain flexibility, with which it can be easily pressed into the assigned opening in the dowel tube and then widened again. The lamellae of the plastic bushings can expediently contain a V-shaped recess at least on the side opposite the longitudinal slot, which facilitate the opening of the bushing and are effective for venting the wall bores during the mortar injection.
Die Längen der Kunststoffbuchsen bzw. die Lamellenabstände können so bemessen sein, daß sie um den Eingang oder Ausgang der Wandbohrungen ausgebrochene Wandbereiche überdecken und mit mindestens zwei Lamellen an der unversehrten Bohrlochwand abdichtend anliegen.The lengths of the plastic bushings or the lamellar spacing can be dimensioned such that they cover wall areas which have broken out around the entrance or exit of the wall bores and lie against the undamaged borehole wall with at least two lamellas.
Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal des Fassadendübels nach der Erfindung kann über das vorangehende Ende des Dübelrohres ein aus Kunststoffgewebe bestehender Strumpf gezogen sein, der im Bereich der die Tragwandbohrung abschließenden Lamellengruppe am Dübelrohr festgeklemmt ist. Auf die Weise wird beim Einsetzen des Dübels in einen Hohlkammerstein das Ausweichend es Mörtels begrenzt und im teilweise durchlässigen Strumpf ein allmählicher Druckaufbau erreicht, so daß der Mörtelaustritt aus den Öffnungen des Dübelrohrs im Fassadenbereich sichergestellt ist.According to a further feature of the facade dowel according to the invention, a stocking made of plastic fabric can be pulled over the preceding end of the dowel tube and is clamped to the dowel tube in the area of the lamella group that closes the supporting wall bore. In this way, when the dowel is inserted into a hollow brick, the escape of the mortar is limited and a gradual pressure build-up is achieved in the partially permeable stocking, so that the mortar escapes from the openings in the dowel tube in the facade area.
Ausführungsbeispiele des Fassadendübels nach der Erfindung sind nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen Fassadendübel gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung in eingebautem Zustand in Bohrungen einer Hauptwand und einer Vormauer,
- Fig. 2 einen vergrößerten Längsschnitt durch eine Lamellenbuchse als Abdichtung für den Ringraum zwischen Dübelrohr und Bohrlochwand,
- Fig. 3 einen um 90° bezüglich Fig. 2 gedrehten Teilschnitt der Lamellenbuchse,
- Fig. 4 eine Endansicht der Lamellenbuchse nach Fig. 2 und
- Fig. 5 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen Fassadendübel gemäß einer zweiten Auführungsform der Erfindung in eingebautem Zustand.
- 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a facade dowel according to an embodiment of the invention in the installed state in bores in a main wall and a facing wall,
- 2 shows an enlarged longitudinal section through a lamella bushing as a seal for the annular space between the dowel tube and the borehole wall,
- 3 shows a partial section of the lamellar bushing rotated through 90 ° with respect to FIG. 2,
- Fig. 4 is an end view of the lamellar bushing according to Fig. 2 and
- 5 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a facade dowel according to a second embodiment of the invention in the installed state.
Zwischen einer Haupt- oder Untergrundwand 10 und einer vorgehängten Fassade 12, die in Fig. 1 schematisch in senkrechtem Schnitt gezeigt sind, besteht ein Lüftungsoder Isolierspalt 26, der gewöhnlich zur Hinterlüftung der Fassade dient und gegebenenfalls mit Isoliermaterial gefüllt sein kann. Durch die Fassade 12 erstreckt sich eine Bohrung 16, die mit einem Bohrungsabschnitt 14 in der Untergrundwand 10 ausgefluchtet ist. Vorzugsweise entspricht die Bohrung etwa der Stärke einer üblichen Mörtelfuge von 12 bis 15 mm, wobei jedoch auch andere Abmessungen in Frage kommen. Bei größeren Abmessungen, wenn die Mörtelfuge oder Bereiche daneben aufgebohrt werden müssen, können die in Fig. 1 dargestellten ausgebrochenen Wandbereiche 18 bzw. 20 am Eingang und Ausgang der Fassadenbohrung entstehen.Between a main or
In die vorbereiteten Bohrungen 14, 16 ist ein vorzugsweise aus dünnwandigem Edelstahl bestehendes Dübelrohr 22 eingeführt, das mit seinem vorangehenden Ende 23 bis in die Nähe des Bohrlochgrundes 15 reicht. Als Fassadendübel trägt das Dübelrohr 22 insgesamt drei Lamellenbuchsen 24 aus nachgiebigem Material oder Kunststoff, die als konzentrischer Abschlußstopfen für die einzufüllende Mörtelmasse dienen. Jede Lamellenbuchse 24 besteht aus einem an der Außenseite des Dübelrohrs anliegenden Mantel 32, von dem in Radialrichtung weisende ringförmige Lamellen 34 ausgehen. Die Lamellen 34, die gegebenenfalls auch wendelförmig an den Mantel angeformt sein können, stützen sich an der Wandung der Bohrlöcher 14 und 16 ab und sind dann als Abdichtung gegenüber der durch das Dübelrohr injizierten Mörtelmasse wirksam.A
Vorzugsweise an dem in Bohrlochrichtung vorangehenden Ende ist an der Innenseite der Lamellenbuchse ein einwärtsgerichteter Ansatz oder Noppen 36 angeformt, der beispielsweise in der vergrößerten Darstellung gemäß Fig. 3 einen kreisförmigen Umfang besitzt. Jedem Noppen ist in dem Dübelrohr eine Positionieröffnung 38 zugeordnet, in die der Noppen 36 eingedrückt und dadurch die Lamellen buchse in Axialrichtung positioniert wird. Die Lage dieser Öffnungen 38 in dem Dübelrohr kann an die durch die jeweilige Mauer gegebenen Verhältnisse angepaßt werden.Preferably, at the end preceding in the direction of the borehole, an inwardly directed extension or
Man erkennt aus Fig. 1, daß eine Lamellenbuchse 24 den Ringraum um das Dübelrohr herum am Eingang des Bohrloches 14 in die Untergrundwand abschließt. Die nächstfolgende Lamellenbuchse 24 befindet sich an der Rückseite der Fassadenmauer 12, d. h. an der Innenseite des Lüftungsspaltes 26, wo sie den um den Dübel bestehenden Ringraum innerhalb der Fassadenmauer nach hinten abschließt, der andererseits nach vorn durch die am Bohrlocheingang zur Fassadenmauer angeordnete Lamellenbuchse verschlossen ist. Die Länge der Lamellenbuchsen 24 ist so bemessen, daß auch um den Eingang und Ausgang ausgebrochene Mauerbereiche noch mitberücksichtigt werden und in jedem Fall noch zwei Lamellen an der unversehrten Bohrlochwandung abdichtend anliegen.It can be seen from FIG. 1 that a lamellar bushing 24 closes off the annular space around the dowel tube at the entrance of the
Das Dübelrohr 22 ist an beiden Enden offen. Entsprechend Fig. 1 kann das Dübelrohr 22 an verschiedenen Stellen, bevorzugt im Bereich des Lüftungsspaltes durch querverlaufende Sicken oder Kerben 40 biegsam gemacht sein, die vorzugsweise an gegenüberliegenden Seiten paarweise angeordnet und darüber hinaus paarweise auch um 90° zueinander versetzt sind. Um einen besonders wirksamen Verbund zwischen Fassadenmauer, Mörtelmasse und Dübel zu erreichen, kann der Umfang des Dübelrohrs 22 insgesamt oder auch nur im Fassadenbereich aufgerauht oder gerillt sein.The
Außerdem befinden sich im Bereich der Fassade mehrere Paare vom in einander gegenüberliegenden Öffnungen 28,30 im Dübelrohr, durch die der Mörtel in den Ringraum zwischen Dübelrohr und Bohrlochwandung austritt, nachdem zunächst das Bohrloch 14 in der Untergrundwand gefüllt worden ist und sich ein Druck aufgebaut hat. Nach Aushärten des Mörtels entstehen durch das Dübelrohr 22 verlaufende erstreckende Querstege oder Bruchstege, die mit der Verfüllmasse im Ringraum in Verbindung stehen und der Übertragung der Haltekraft dienen.There are also several in the area of the facade Pairs of mutually
Entsprechend Fig. 3 und 4 ist die Lamellenbuchse 24 mit einem Längsschlitz 42 versehen. Zweckmäßigerweise befindet sich in den Lamellen 34 an der dem Längsschlitz gegenüberliegenden Seite jeweils eine V-förmige Ausnehmung 46, um das Aufklappen der Lamellenbuchse zu erleichtern. Zusätzliche V-förmige Ausnehmungen 44 können vorgesehen sein, um den Luftaustritt aus dem Bohrloch zu erleichtern, wenn die Verfüllmasse injiziert wird3 and 4, the
Entsprechend Fig. 5 ist mittels eines Hammerbohrers in der Mörtelfuge zwischen zwei Steinen einer sanierungsbedürftigen Fassadenmauer 12 ein Bohrloch 16 und in den dahinterliegenden Untergrund eine Sacklochbohrung 14 eingebracht. Nachdem die Bohrlöcher vom Bohrmehl gereinigt und angefeuchtet sind, wird anschließend ein vorzugsweise aus Kunststoffteilen bestehendes Injektionsrohr zusammengestellt und in die ausgefluchteten Bohrungen eingeführt. Das Injektionsrohr umfaßt ein Kunststoffrohr 54 zur Überbrückung des Lüftungsspaltes 26 und eine rückwärtige Kunststoffhülse 62, die ineinander gesteckt und in das Bohrloch soweit eingeführt werden, bis sie um ein definiertes Maß in die Fassadenbohrung 16 eingedrückt sind.According to FIG. 5, a drill hole 16 is made in the mortar joint between two stones of a
Das Kunststoffrohr 54 besitzt am vorangehenden Ende 56 äußere Dichtungslamellen 58, die das Austreten des Mörtels aus der Wandbohrung 14 verhindern. Das Kunststoffrohr ist über die Eindringtiefe der Dichtungslamellen hinaus verlängert, damit ähnlich wie beim zuvor beschriebenen Stahlrohr ein Formnetz mittels eines Kunststoffringes aufgeklemmt werden kann, mit dem die Funktion auch bei Hohlkammersteinen, Loch- oder Wabenziegeln gesichert ist. Die Gesamtlänge des Kunststoffrohres 54 ist vom Lüftungsspalt 26 abhängig und ragt über die Länge des Lüftungsspaltes hinaus mit einem bestimmten Maß in das Bohrloch 14 in der Untergrundwand bzw. in das Bohrloch 16 der Fassadenmauer.The
Das rückwärtige Ende 60 des Kunststoffrohrs 54 ist in einer von äußeren Dichtungslamellen 64 umgebenen Aufnahme 68 am vorangehenden Stirnende der in die Fassadenbohrung eingeführten Kunststoffhülse 62 eingesetzt. Die Dichtungslamellen 64 begrenzen den mit Mörtel gefüllten, durch die Bohrlochwandung in der Fassadenmauer nach außen begrenzten Hohlraum in Richtung zum Lüftungsspalt 26. Am rückwärtigen Ende der Kunststoffhülse 62 in der Nähe des Eingangs des Bohrloches 16 befinden sich am Außenumfang Dichtungslamellen 66, und im Bereich zwischen den vorangehenden Lamellen 64 und den rückwärtigen Lamellen 66 enthält die Kunststoffhülse 62 mehrere Längsschlitze 70, durch die der Mörtel spätestens dann in den äußeren Ringraum austritt, nachdem das Bohrloch 14 in der Untergrundwand vollständig gefüllt ist und sich ein erhöhter Druck aufgebaut hat.The
Das Kunststoffrohr 54 ist vorzugsweise mit Preßsitz in die Aufnahme 68 der Kunststoffhülse 62 eingesteckt und dort durch eine Anschlagschulter arretiert. Die Kunststoffhülse 62 kann insgesamt vier Längsschlitze 70 enthalten. Nach der abgeschlossenen Mörtelinjektion wird in das Injektionsrohr ein Ankerelement in Form eines Drahtankers 50 eingeführt, das am vorangehenden Ende mindestens einen verbreiterten Nagelkopf 52 besitzen kann. Falls die Abmessungen eine unbehinderte Mörtelinjektion zulassen, kann der Drahtanker 50 auch schon zusammen mit dem aus Kunststoff bestehenden Injektionsrohr in die Mauerbohrungen eingeführt werden. Der Mörtel wird z. B. mittels eines Trichters in das Bohrloch eingepreßt, wobei er durch den Ringspalt zwischen Drahtanker und Injektionsrohr in die Bohrungen eindringt und diese ausfüllt. Durch den Stoffschluß zwischen Mörtel und tragendem Untergrund entsteht ein für die Verankerung wesentlicher Materialverbund. Bei Verwendung eines Formnetzes wird dieses durch den eindringenden Mörtel gedehnt, so daß eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung durch Hinterformung des Bohrloches entsteht. Der Ringraum zwischen dem Drahtanker und der Innenwand des Kunststoffrohres ist vorzugsweise gering.The
- 1010th
- - Untergrundwand- underground wall
- 1212
- - Fassade- Facade
- 1414
- - Bohrloch in Untergrundwand- Drill hole in the underground wall
- 1616
- - Bohrloch in Fassade- Drill hole in the facade
- 1818th
- - Wandausbruch am Eingang von 16- Wall breakout at the entrance of 16
- 2020th
- - Wandausbruch am Ausgang von 16- Wall breakout at the exit from 16
- 2222
- - Ankerrohr- anchor tube
- 2323
- - vorangehendes Rohrende- previous pipe end
- 2424th
- - Lamellenbuchse- Lamellar bushing
- 2626
- - Lüftungsspalt- ventilation gap
- 28, 3028, 30
- - diametrale Öffnungspaare in Ankerrohr- diametrical pairs of openings in anchor tube
- 3232
-
- Mantel der Buchse 24-
Jacket 24 sleeve - 3434
- - Lamellen- slats
- 3636
- - innerer Ansatz oder Noppen- inner neck or pimples
- 3838
- - Positionieröffnung im Ankerrohr für 24- Positioning opening in the anchor tube for 24
- 4040
- - Versteifungssicken, Querkerben- Stiffening beads, cross notches
- 4242
- - Längsschlitz in 24- Longitudinal slot in 24
- 44, 4644, 46
- - V-förmige Ausnehmungen im Lamellenumfang- V-shaped recesses in the slat circumference
- 4848
- --
- 5050
- - Ankerelement- anchor element
- 5252
- - verdicktes Kopfende- thickened headboard
- 5454
- - Kunststoffrohr zur Überbrückung des Luftspaltes- Plastic tube to bridge the air gap
- 5656
- - vorangehendes Ende- previous end
- 5858
- - Umfangslamellen auf 56- circumferential lamellas on 56
- 6060
- - rückwärtiges Ende des Kunststoffrohrs- rear end of the plastic tube
- 6262
- - Kunststoffhülse- plastic sleeve
- 6464
- - Lamellen am vorangehenden Ende von 62- Slats at the previous end of 62
- 6666
- - Lamellen am rückwärtigen Ende von 62- fins at the rear end of 62
- 6868
- - Aufnahmebohrung für rückwärtiges Ende von 54- Locating hole for rear end of 54
- 7070
- - Längsschlitze in 62- Longitudinal slots in 62
Claims (9)
- Facade tie having the form of an elongated connecting element (22) for fitting into mutually aligned bore holes (14, 16) of a support wall (10) and of a facade (12) arranged in front thereof by the distance of an aeration gap (26), wherein the connecting element (22) includes an axial duct for mortar injection extending from its rear end and communicating with a plurality of radial openings disposed in the facade area for mortar discharge into the annular space formed together with the bore hole wall, the ends of said annular space being sealed in the facade area by lamellae (34) adapted to be fastened to said connecting element (32), said axial duct having a discharge opening for the injected mortar also in the area of the support wall,
characterized by following features:- the connecting element is a thin-walled tie pipe (22) consisting of corrosion-resistant steel, the preceding end (23) of which forming the discharge opening in the area of the support wall;- the tie pipe (22) at several places along its length is reinforced against uncontrolled buckling by substantially diametrically arranged pairs of corrugations or identations (40), which run parallel to its circumference, and additionally is of limited resiliency in view of relative movements of the facade (12) with respect to the support wall (10);- plastic material bushings (24) bearing lamellae seals (34) are set on the tie pipe (22) for its central positioning in the area of the entrances and exit (18, 20) of the wall bore holes (14, 16). - Facade tie according to claim 1, characterized in that the corrugations or identations (40) of the tie pipe (22) are provided as pairs in the same radial plane and at axial sequences at 90% offset to each other.
- Facade tie according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the corrugations or identations (40) of the tie pipe (22) are preferably provided in the area of the aeration gap (26).
- Facade tie according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external periphery of the tie pipe (22) is roughened and/or is provided with grooves similar to a screw thread.
- Facade tie according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plastic material bushing (24) consists of a jacket (32) enveloping the tie pipe (22) and having several annular or spiralling lamellae (34), and in that at least one radial inwardly directed knob (36) is molded to the internal side of the jacket (32) and adapted to be pressed into an opening (38) of the tie pipe for adjusting the bushing (24).
- Facade tie according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plastic material bushing (24) contains a longitudinal slit (42) extending also through the molded knob (36).
- Facade tie according to claim 6, characterized in that the lamellae (34) of the plastic material bushing (24) contain at least one V-shaped recess (46) on the side opposite of the longitudinal slit, which facilitates the straddling of the bushing and acts for ventilation of the wall bore holes (14, 16) during injection of mortar.
- Facade tie according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the plastic material bushings (24) or the distances between the lamellae are dimensioned such that they will cover burst open wall portions at the entrance or exit of the wall bore holes and sealingly engage the uninjured bore hole wall with at least two lamellae (34).
- Facade tie according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stocking consisting of synthetic fabric is drawn over the preceding end of the tie pipe (22) and is clamped to the tie pipe (22) at the area of the group of lamellae sealing the bore hole (14) of the support wall
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89112452T ATE81538T1 (en) | 1988-07-15 | 1989-07-07 | FAÇADE DOWELS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE3824001 | 1988-07-15 | ||
DE3824001 | 1988-07-15 | ||
DE3840055 | 1988-11-28 | ||
DE3840055A DE3840055C2 (en) | 1988-07-15 | 1988-11-28 | Facade dowels |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0351668A1 EP0351668A1 (en) | 1990-01-24 |
EP0351668B1 true EP0351668B1 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
Family
ID=25870114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89112452A Expired - Lifetime EP0351668B1 (en) | 1988-07-15 | 1989-07-07 | Dowel for façades |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4938631A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0351668B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2035457T3 (en) |
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GB8323140D0 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1983-09-28 | Hilti Ag | Constructional tie |
GB8334248D0 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1984-02-01 | Pynford Ltd | Installing wall ties |
GB8419523D0 (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1984-09-05 | Ollis W J B | Reinforcements and ties |
DE3515146A1 (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-10-30 | International Intec Co. Ets., Vaduz | CURTAIN FACADE FOR BUILDING WALLS |
GB8522012D0 (en) * | 1985-09-04 | 1985-10-09 | Press Bat Holdings Ltd | Cavity wall tie |
GB2183687B (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1989-10-04 | David Patrick Payne | Method for fixing building components together to form an improved building structure |
DE3608775C2 (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1995-03-16 | Int Intec Patent Holding Ets | Injection anchor to be inserted into pre-drilled holes |
EP0238265B1 (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1992-06-17 | BAKER & FINNEMORE LIMITED | Anchoring device |
AT385306B (en) * | 1986-06-16 | 1988-03-25 | Pointner Ferdinand | ANCHOR |
-
1989
- 1989-07-07 EP EP89112452A patent/EP0351668B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-07 ES ES198989112452T patent/ES2035457T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-13 US US07/379,430 patent/US4938631A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4938631A (en) | 1990-07-03 |
ES2035457T3 (en) | 1993-04-16 |
EP0351668A1 (en) | 1990-01-24 |
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