EP0314567B1 - Installations for controlling the access of secure enclosures - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to installations for controlling access to protected enclosures, installations comprising at least one access door equipped with an electrically controlled lock.

It relates more particularly, but not exclusively, among these installations, those which are assigned to the command and control of the locks equipping the two or three doors of an airlock capable of allowing public access to an enclosure to be protected such that 'a bank or a post office.

A known embodiment of such an installation has been shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.

This installation includes two locks 1,2 fitted respectively to the two doors of an airlock.

• un pêne de verrouillage 3 qui peut être simple mais est ici représenté comme étant double, pêne monté coulissant dans un coffre 4 et propre à coopérer avec une gâche non représentée,
• au moins un organe d'actionnement électrique dudit pêne susceptible d'être commandé électriquement, par exemple deux électro-aimants 5,6 affectés respectivement aux deux sens de déplacement du pêne ou encore un moteur électrique,
• un organe 7 propre à détecter la position rentrée ou sortie du pêne,
• un organe 8 propre à détecter la position ouverte ou fermée de la porte équipée de la serrure considérée,
• éventuellement un organe 9 permettant de détecter l'utilisation d'une clé introduite dans le trou de la serrure,
• des portiers de commande 10,11, généralement constitués par des boutons-poussoirs, montés sur le chambranle des deux côtés de chaque porte,
• un certain nombre de voyants lumineux 12,13 permettant notamment de signaler certains états de la serrure ou de la porte ou d'afficher des instructions pour les usagers,
• un dispositif de sécurité à code 14 tel qu'un clavier à touches ou qu'un lecteur de cartes, actionnable uniquement par certaines personnes habilitées,
• un signal d'alarme 15 sonore ou visuel,
• un pupitre de commande 21, etc ...

It also includes for each of these locks:

• a locking bolt 3 which can be simple but is here represented as being double, bolt mounted sliding in a trunk 4 and suitable for cooperating with a keeper not shown,
• at least one member for electrically actuating said bolt capable of being electrically controlled, for example two electromagnets 5,6 assigned respectively to the two directions of movement of the bolt or else an electric motor,
• a member 7 capable of detecting the retracted or withdrawn position of the bolt,
• a member 8 capable of detecting the open or closed position of the door equipped with the lock in question,
• possibly a member 9 making it possible to detect the use of a key inserted into the keyhole,
• control gatekeepers 10,11, generally made up by push buttons, mounted on the door frame on both sides of each door,
• a certain number of indicator lights 12, 13 making it possible in particular to signal certain states of the lock or of the door or to display instructions for users,
• a code 14 security device such as a keypad or a card reader, operable only by certain authorized persons,
• an audible or visual alarm signal 15,
• a control desk 21, etc ...

These various components are connected to a central unit 16 which has the task of receiving the various information produced throughout the installation for the purposes of signaling, control and / or command, correctly routing the various command orders intended for open or close the locks and more generally to operate the various instructions received.

The connections between the numerous components of the installation require the use of a very large number of independent electrical wires 17.

Thus, in the embodiment shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, each lock 1,2 is connected to the central unit 16 by a bundle of nine wires 17 corresponding respectively, the first three, to the actuation of the two electromagnets 5 and 6 and, the other six, respectively in pairs, to the detection members 7, 8 and 9.

At the level of the central unit, the number of connecting wires is in the tens of digits and, even if care is taken to assign different colors to these wires, the wiring difficulties are considerable and the risks of improper connection are significant .

It may even happen that when mounting certain installations involve such "forests" of wires, indelicate assemblers foresee and leave waiting certain connections making easy subsequent frauds of the installation, connections which are practically impossible to detect by the uninformed persons.

The object of the invention is, above all, to remedy these drawbacks.

To this end, installations of the kind in question are essentially characterized according to the invention in that each of their command-emitting components comprises an electrical control contact and an electronic circuit arranged so as to emit coded signals of positive response when '' it receives coded interrogation signals identified as correct and that the control contact is placed in its working position, generally closed, in that each of their order-receiving components comprises an electrical execution contact and a circuit electronic device arranged so as to place said contact in its generally closed working position, corresponding to the execution of received orders in the form of coded order signals, only if the codes of these signals are identified as correct , and in that their central unit is arranged so as, on the one hand, to generate the interrogation signals coded above and on the other hand to make correspond to each coded positive response signal received by it from a component transmitting orders the transmission, to the receiver component concerned, of a coded order signal corresponding to the desired command, said unit being connected on the one hand to the set of transmitter components by a single two-wire line for the coded signals, line between the two wires of which the transmitter components are connected in parallel, and on the other hand receiver components through a single two-wire line for coded signals, line between the two wires from which the receiver components are connected in parallel.

The above receiving components are advantageously locks comprising an input contact normally at rest and an electronic decoding and unlocking circuit capable of placing this contact in its working position in response to only correctly coded order signals.

As for the components transmitting orders, they are advantageously designed in the manner of contact devices forming the subject of document FR-A-87 14838 in the sense that each of them comprises a contact and an electronic circuit suitable for transmitting, in response to only the correct coded interrogation signals, coded positive response signals when the contact is in its working position and only in such a case.

It should be recalled that installations of the above kind have already been proposed in document DE-A-2 809 763. But it was then a question of the electrical supply of a car and not of the remote control of a lock fitted to an access door.

• les deux lignes uniques sont confonfues en une seule,
• les lignes uniques servent aussi à l'alimentation électrique des composants correspondants.
• l'unité centrale est agencée de façon à composer cycliquement et automatiquement à vitesse élevée une suite de signaux d'interrogation codés comportant les adresses des différents composants émetteurs et à élaborer, lorsqu'elle reçoit des signaux de réponse positive d'un tel composant émetteur, les signaux d'ordre codés correspondant à la commande qui doit être effectuée par la mise en position de travail du contact de ce composant, ces signaux d'ordre codés étant émis cycliquement à la même fréquence que les signaux d'interrogation,
• l'élaboration des signaux d'ordre codés est effectuée par l'unité centrale dès réception par elle des signaux de réponse positive correspondants,
• la suite de signaux codés composée cycliquement par l'unité centrale peut comprendre, en plus des signaux d'interrogation codés affectés aux composants émetteurs, les signaux d'ordre codés affectés aux composants récepteurs et chacun de ces derniers n'est effectivement introduit dans ladite suite au cours d'un cycle donné que si un signal de réponse positive correspondant a été recueilli par l'unité centrale au cours du même cycle en réponse au signal d'interrogation codé correspondant, de la suite, émis au cours du même cycle,
• le code qui caractérise chaque signal d'ordre codé comprend une portion "adresse" propre à identifier le composant récepteur auquel l'ordre est destiné et une portion "commande" propre à préciser la commande que l'on désire faire exécuter par ce composant,
• la "commande" selon l'alinéa précédent est une interrogation concernant un état particulier (tel que la position du pêne ou de la porte) détecté au niveau du composant récepteur concerné, et le circuit électronique compris par ce dernier est agencé de façon à élaborer, en réponse à une telle interrogation, un signal codé de réponse approprié envoyé à l'unité centrale.

In preferred embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:

• the two unique lines are merged into one,
• the single lines are also used to power the corresponding components.
• the central unit is arranged so as to compose cyclically and automatically at high speed a series of coded interrogation signals comprising the addresses of the various transmitting components and to prepare, when it receives positive response signals from such a transmitting component , the coded order signals corresponding to the command which must be carried out by placing the contact of this component in the working position, these coded order signals being transmitted cyclically at the same frequency as the interrogation signals,
• the processing of the coded order signals is carried out by the central unit as soon as it receives the corresponding positive response signals,
• the sequence of coded signals composed cyclically by the central unit can include, in addition to the coded interrogation signals assigned to the transmitting components, the coded order signals assigned to the receiving components and each of these is not actually introduced into said following during a given cycle that if a corresponding positive response signal has been collected by the central unit during the same cycle in response to the corresponding coded interrogation signal, subsequently emitted during the same cycle,
• the code which characterizes each coded order signal comprises an "address" portion suitable for identifying the receiving component for which the order is intended and a "command" portion suitable for specifying the command which it is desired to have executed by this component,
• the "command" according to the preceding paragraph is a query concerning a particular state (such as the position of the bolt or the door) detected at the level of the receiver component concerned, and the electronic circuit understood by the latter is arranged so as to develop , in response to such a query, an appropriate coded response signal sent to the central unit.

Variants of the invention include, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.

In what follows, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the attached drawing, of course in a non-limiting manner.

As previously indicated, FIG. 1 schematically shows a central access installation in accordance with the prior art.

FIG. 2 schematically shows an access control installation established according to the invention.

Figure 3 schematically shows a detail according to the installation according to the invention.

FIG. 4 schematically shows the shape which certain coded signals implemented by the installation according to the invention can assume.

The installation which has been shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2 and 3 is, like that described with reference to FIG. 1, assigned to the control of two locks 1,2 fitted respectively to the two doors of an airlock and each comprising a double bolt 3 slidingly mounted in a trunk 4.

• au moins un électro-aimant d'actionnement du pêne (un seul tel électro-aimant est visible ici en 5 sur la figure 3 propre à commander les rentrées du pêne 3, les rappels du pêne en sa position sortie étant alors assurés automatiquement à l'aide d'un ressort),
• des organes 7 de détection de la position du pêne, 8 de détection de la position de la porte et 9 de détection de l'utilisation d'une clé,
• deux portiers de commande 10,11,
• des voyants lumineux 12,13,
• et un dispositif de commande codé 14.

This installation also includes, for each lock:

• at least one electromagnet for actuating the bolt (only one such electromagnet is visible here at 5 in FIG. 3 suitable for controlling the returns of the bolt 3, the reminders of the bolt in its extended position being then automatically ensured at using a spring),
• organs 7 for detecting the position of the bolt, 8 for detecting the position of the door and 9 for detecting the use of a key,
• two control door entry systems 10,11,
• indicator lights 12,13,
• and a coded control device 14.

• des organes de commande spéciaux tels qu'un système d'ouverture d'urgence 18 sensible aux "coups de poing", par exemple en cas d'incendie, ou encore qu'un contact de "tapis" 19 fermé par la présence d'une personne à l'intérieur du sas,
• un sélecteur de programmes 20 susceptible d'imposer au sas, selon la période considérée, certains types de fonctionnement et/ou certains modes d'actionnement des serrures,
• et un pupitre de commande 21.

Said installation also comprises, by way of example, in no way limiting:

• special control elements such as an emergency opening system 18 sensitive to "punches", for example in the event of a fire, or else a "carpet" contact 19 closed by the presence of a person inside the airlock,
• a program selector 20 capable of imposing on the airlock, depending on the period considered, certain types of operation and / or certain modes of actuation of the locks,
• and a control console 21.

Like the previous one, it also includes a central unit 16.

But here, the "forest" of connecting wires provided between this unit and the different components has disappeared: all of said components can be connected to said central unit by a number of connecting wires or other conductors which can be as small as two .

• deux fils 22 affectés à l'ensemble des composants émetteurs d'ordres ou d'informations et donc affectés essentiellement à la transmission de données vers l'unité 16,
• et deux fils 23 affectés à l'ensemble des composants récepteurs et destinés essentiellement à transmettre vers ces derniers, à partir de l'unité 16, des ordres ou instructions de signalisation, d'alarme ou autres.

To clarify the drawing, and due to the fact that this solution is not much more difficult to implement than a solution with two connecting wires, it has been assumed on this that the installation comprises four connecting wires serving central unit 16, namely:

• two wires 22 assigned to all of the components transmitting orders or information and therefore essentially assigned to the transmission of data to the unit 16,
• and two wires 23 assigned to all the receiver components and intended essentially to transmit to the latter, from the unit 16, signaling, alarm or other orders or instructions.

Of course the wires 22 could be confused with the wires 23.

The components of each category - that is to say transmitters or receivers - are all mounted in parallel between the two connecting wires 22 or 23 which are assigned to them.

The first, that is to say the emitting components 10,11,14,18,19,20,21 ..., are arranged so as to emit, when actuated, no longer simple electrical signals from control or signaling, but coded signals.

• une mémoire contenant un code numérique représentatif de l'adresse de ce composant,
• des moyens pour comparer à ce code des signaux d'identification codés appliqués sur le composant considéré,
• et des moyens pour émettre un signal codé de réponse positive lorsque ladite comparaison révèle une identité entre les codes comparés et que le contact est en sa position de travail ou "active", généralement fermée et seulement dans un tel cas.

More precisely, each of these emitting components is made to understand an electrical control contact, such as that shown schematically by way of example in P for the doorman 10, and an electronic circuit R itself comprising:

• a memory containing a digital code representative of the address of this component,
• means for comparing coded identification signals applied to the component under consideration with this code,
• and means for emitting a coded positive response signal when said comparison reveals an identity between the codes compared and the contact is in its working or "active" position, generally closed and only in such a case.

The expression "positive response signal" is adopted here to mean activation of the contact, which is a "positive" phenomenon, in contrast to the inactive or rest position of said contact, generally its "open" position, which can also result in the emission of specific signals, then called "negative", in response to the coded interrogation signals received.

The central processing unit can be arranged to appropriately handle not only the positive response signals as described above, but also the negative response signals, if only by a lack of reaction, and also in addition the absence of any response, which is an indication of a failure and can result in particular in the lighting of an indicator light.

Of course, if the transmitting component is capable of transmitting several distinct orders or information, as is the case for the program selector 20, it can be assigned to it a plurality of contact-circuit assemblies of the above-mentioned type each assigned of a particular address.

The second components, namely the receiver components 1,2,12,13 ..., are arranged so as to remain neutral as long as the orders received by them do not do not concern and, on the contrary, to be activated as soon as one of these orders is intended for them.

To this end, they include an normally open input contact 24 (FIG. 3) and a decoding and unlocking circuit 25 in which at least one code is recorded: this circuit is suitable for delivering a signal F for actuation of the contact 24 in the direction of its closing, as illustrated, or of its opening, as soon as the comparison between the code characteristic of an order received and one of those recorded in said circuit reveals an identity between these two codes.

• à un pont redresseur 26 dont l'entrée est branchée entre les deux fils 23 et propre à élaborer sur sa sortie une tension redressée continue de polarité prédéterminée, et ce quelle que soit la forme alternative ou continue de la tension d'entrée et quel que soit le sens du branchement entre les deux fils 23 si la tension d'entrée est continue,
• à un circuit 27 de régulation de l'alimentation,
• et à un circuit 28 de mise en forme de signaux, surtout utile dans le cas où de tels signaux sont élaborés par le circuit 25 en réponse à des interrogations locales, comme il sera exposé plus loin.

In an advantageous embodiment corresponding to the diagram in FIG. 3, the circuit 25 is associated:

• to a rectifier bridge 26, the input of which is connected between the two wires 23 and capable of producing on its output a continuous rectified voltage of predetermined polarity, regardless of the alternating or direct form of the input voltage and whatever either the direction of the connection between the two wires 23 if the input voltage is continuous,
• to a power regulation circuit 27,
• and to a circuit 28 for shaping signals, especially useful in the case where such signals are generated by the circuit 25 in response to local interrogations, as will be explained below.

In addition, the various detectors 7,8,9 ... of which question above and relating to each lock are no longer individually connected to the central unit 16, as in the prior art, but to the circuit 25 assigned to said said lock: there is therefore no longer any external connection wire to the lock.

It is the readings of the information held by these detectors which can be the subject of the local interrogations mentioned above.

• d'une part à collecter l'ensemble des instructions et informations engendrées sur interrogation par les divers composants émetteurs d'ordre et détecteurs de l'installation,
• d'autre part à exécuter les commandes désirées en fonction de ces instructions et informations.

The central unit 16 is arranged so:

• on the one hand to collect all of the instructions and information generated on interrogation by the various components transmitting orders and detectors of the installation,
• on the other hand to execute the desired commands according to these instructions and information.

• les signaux d'interrogation codés envoyés sur les différents composants émetteurs et détecteurs de façon à susciter sélectivement de la part de ces derniers l'émission des signaux codés de réponse positive lorsque les contacts affectés à ces composants sont actionnés, c'est-à-dire mis en position de travail,
• et les signaux d'ordre codés destinés aux composants récepteurs et propres à faire exécuter par ces derniers les commandes auxquelles sont affectées les mises en position de travail des contacts ci-dessus.

To this end, it develops:

• the coded interrogation signals sent to the various transmitter and detector components so as to selectively elicit from the latter the emission of coded positive response signals when the contacts assigned to these components are actuated, that is to say say put in working position,
• and the coded order signals intended for the receiving components and capable of causing the latter to execute the commands to which are assigned the working positions of the above contacts.

To ensure simple and rapid operation of the installation, the unit 16 is preferably made to transmit cyclically at high speed the sequence of all the coded interrogation signals that can be used by the installation, only those of these signals, which correspond to actual actuations of contacts of transmitting components resulting in the emission of coded order signals on the connecting wires, transmission which is repeated at the same rate as that of the interrogation signals: the response to each interrogation can then extend over a plurality of successive cycles compatible with the response times of the circuits.

The transmission in question of each coded order signal can be carried out by the unit 16 upon reception by the latter of the corresponding positive response signal.

But it can also be deferred until an instant, of the same cycle, which is in principle reserved for such an emission: in this case, each series of cyclically transmitted signals then comprises not only the coded interrogation signals, but also periods on standby reserved for the coded order signals assigned to the various receiver components, which signals are effectively released during said periods only in response to the appropriate commands.

An example of operation of the installation described above is given below.

At rest, the two doors of the airlock are closed and the bolts 3 of the two locks 1,2 are out and engaged in the corresponding keepers.

Furthermore, the locks are neutralized in the sense that their switches 24 are open: it is therefore not possible to open them by applying simple uncoded control voltages between the wires 23.

From this situation, an actuation of the doorman 10 should in principle allow the first lock 1 to be opened if the program determined by the selector 20 at the same time allows it.

This actuation is triggered by the closing of the contact P, which is itself ensured in particular by the depressing of a push button. As soon as, during such a closing, the electronic circuit R receives from the central unit 16, by the wires 22, a coded interrogation signal corresponding to the contact P, that is to say comprising the digital address from this contact, said circuit R emits a positive response signal coded T which is in turn routed by the wires 22 to the central unit 16.

The reception of this signal T by said unit 16 results in the emission of a coded signal S (FIG. 4), signal comprising a first part A which corresponds to the address of lock 1 (for example the binary number 11010 which is a binary translation of the decimal number 26) and a second part B which corresponds to the instruction transmitted, namely here the order of excitation of the electromagnet 5.

Upon receipt of this coded signal S, the circuit 25 compares it with those recorded in its memory and, in the event of an identity, it emits a signal F for closing the signal 24 so that the electromagnet 5 is excited in the manner specified below and that the bolt 3 retracts by opening the lock 1.

The different coded signals are preferably in binary form and they are assigned separate time slots, which can be renewed cyclically, as said above, each slot lasting for example 1/100 of a second and for example being available again periodically at the rate of the second.

• par des tensions porteuses continues et permanentes auxquelles sont superposés simultanément les signaux codés binaires, ces derniers pouvant se présenter alors sous la forme d'impulsions de tension continue d'amplitude plus faible (par exemple de 1 et de 2 volts si l'amplitude de la porteuse est de 12 volts) ou sous la forme de signaux alternatifs à deux fréquences différentes, généralement comprises toutes les deux entre 1 et 50 kHz,
• ou encore par des impulsions de tension continue occupant chacune seulement une tranche de temps réduite et renouvelée périodiquement, par exemple de l'ordre de 0,2 seconde, renouvelée au rythme de la seconde, l'amplitude de ces impulsions étant par exemple de l'ordre de 48 volts alors que les impulsions binaires de codage occupant le reste du temps ont une amplitude de quelques volts seulement.

As for the control voltage pulses intended to excite the receiving components, and in particular the electromagnets or motors for actuating the locks, they can be formed:

• by continuous and permanent carrier voltages to which the binary coded signals are superimposed simultaneously, the latter then being able to be in the form of pulses of DC voltage of lower amplitude (for example 1 and 2 volts if the amplitude of the carrier is 12 volts) or in the form of alternating signals at two different frequencies, generally both between 1 and 50 kHz,
• or again by DC voltage pulses each occupying only a reduced time slot and renewed periodically, for example of the order of 0.2 seconds, renewed at the rate of the second, the amplitude of these pulses being for example l 'order of 48 volts while the binary coding pulses occupying the rest of the time have an amplitude of only a few volts.

It may happen that the program selector 20 prohibits the possibility of opening the lock 1 by simple actuation of the doorman 10 and it is necessary for this purpose to present at post 14 an appropriate code reserved for certain authorized persons - code which differs from those previously mentioned and should not be confused with them -.

In this case, such a presentation has the same effects as the actuation of the doorman 10 described above at the level of the lock 1.

The corresponding prohibition is managed by the central unit, which delivers the opening signals S only when no obstacle is opposed to such an opening: such an obstacle may be due for example to the prohibition to open simultaneously the two doors of an airlock during normal operation of this airlock.

The lock 1 can also be interrogated from the unit 16 to find out the information gathered from its detectors 7,8,9 and to activate signaling or alarm elements accordingly.

To this end, the second code part B of the signal S corresponds to an interrogation of the detector considered, which is reflected at the level of the circuit 25 by the emission of a coded signal complement C (FIG. 4) containing the requested information. .

It is then the coded signal composed subsequently of the three sections A, B and C which, after shaping in the circuit 28, is reinjected into the wires 23 for the purpose of returning to the unit 16 which then uses the information received in any desirable manner, for example by display at the desk 21 or by lighting of an indicator light 12, 13, indicator which can be located on said desk or even near a doorman.

As a result of which, and whatever the embodiment adopted, there is finally an access control installation whose constitution and operation result sufficiently from the above.

This installation has significant advantages over those previously known.

It differs in particular from those previously known by the security of the execution of commands since each of them benefits from the safety inherent in coding and by the considerable reduction in the number of connecting wires leading to the central unit 16 and to the various components: this is how, if the number of messages to be transmitted between the central unit and the various components of the installation is equal to N, these messages were, in known installations, transmitted in the form of signals not coded using respectively N lines each composed of two conductors whereas, in the installation according to the invention, said messages are transmitted on a single line (or on a very small number of lines), in the form of signals each assigned coding allowing their identification.

Admittedly the need to code and decode each signal represents a small complication compared to the formulas without coding. However, the corresponding circuits can be quickly amortized as soon as some of them are produced in series in the form of integrated circuits: it will further be noted that the collected form of some of said circuits lends itself particularly well to their incorporation into the various components. of the above facilities.

• celles où l'installation de contrôle d'accès considérée comporterait une porte unique équipée d'une seule serrure,
• et celles où l'organe de verrouillage d'une serrure serait constitué par un élément autre qu'un pêne actionnable par un électro-aimant, par exemple par un pêne actionnable par un moteur ou encore par une gâche électrique équipée d'un volet de contrôle.

As is obvious, and as already follows from the above, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more especially envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all the variants coming within the scope of the protection defined by the claim, in particular:

• those where the access control installation considered would include a single door fitted with a single lock,
• and those where the locking member of a lock would be constituted by an element other than a bolt actuated by an electromagnet, for example by a bolt actuable by a motor or even by an electric strike equipped with a shutter of control.

Claims (8)

1. Installation for controlling the access to a protected enclosure, comprising at least one access door equipped with an electrically controlled lock (1, 2), characterized in that it comprises order emitting components (10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21) each having an electric control contact (P) and an electronic circuit (R) adapted for emitting positive response coded signals when it receives coded interrogation signals identified as correct and when the control contact is placed in its work position, generally closed, order receiving components (1, 2, 12, 13) - one of which is formed by the above lock - each comprising an electric execution contact (24) and an electronic circuit (25) adapted so as to place said contact in its work position, generally closed, corresponding to the execution of orders received in the form of coded order signals, only if the codes of these signals are identified as correct, and a central unit (16) adapted so as to produce the above coded interrogation signals and to cause the emission, to the receiving component concerned, of a coded order signal corresponding to the desired control to correspond to each positive response coded signal received by it from an order emitting component, said unit being connected both to the assembly of emitting components by a single twin wire line (22) for the coded signals, between the two wires of which line the emitting components are connected in parallel and to the assembly of receiving components by a single twin wire (23)line for the coded signals, between the two wires of which line the receiving components are connected in parallel.
2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the two single lines (22, 23) are merged into a single one.
3. Installation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the single lines (22, 23) also serve for the electric supply of the corresponding components.
4. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central unit (16) is adapted so as to form cyclically and automatically at high speed a succession of coded interrogation signals comprising the addresses of the different emitting components and producing, when it receives positive response signals from such an emitting component, the coded order signals corresponding to the control which it is to be effected by placing the contact of this component in the work position, these coded order signals being emitted cyclically at the same frequency as the interrogation signals.
5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the coded order signals are produced by the central unit as soon as it receives corresponding positive response signals.
6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the succession of coded signals formed cyclically by the central unit may comprise, in addition to the coded interrogation signals assigned to the emitting components, the coded order signals assigned to the receiving components and in that each of the latter is only effectively introduced into said succession during a given cycle if a corresponding positive response signal has been received by the central unit during the same cycle in response to the corresponding coded interrogation signal, of the succession, emitted during the same cycle.
7. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the code (S) which characterizes each coded order signal comprises an "address" portion (A) for identifying the receiving component for which the order is intended and a "control" portion (B) for specifying the control which it is desired to be executed by this component.
8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the "control"is an interrogation concerning a particular state (such as the position of the bolt or of the door) detected at the level of the receiving component concerned, and in that the electronic circuit (25) included in the latter is adapted so as to produce, in response to such an interrogation, an appropriate coded response signal (C) sent to the central unit.

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