EP0252850A1 - Method for certifying the authenticity of data exchanged between two devices connected locally or remotely by a transmission line - Google Patents

Method for certifying the authenticity of data exchanged between two devices connected locally or remotely by a transmission line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0252850A1
EP0252850A1 EP87401620A EP87401620A EP0252850A1 EP 0252850 A1 EP0252850 A1 EP 0252850A1 EP 87401620 A EP87401620 A EP 87401620A EP 87401620 A EP87401620 A EP 87401620A EP 0252850 A1 EP0252850 A1 EP 0252850A1
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Prior art keywords
field
data
parameter
memory
message
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EP87401620A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0252850B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Hazard
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CP8 Technologies SA
Bull CP8 SA
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Bull CP8 SA
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Priority to AT87401620T priority Critical patent/ATE80485T1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/409—Device specific authentication in transaction processing
    • G06Q20/4097—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners
    • G06Q20/40975—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners using encryption therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1016—Devices or methods for securing the PIN and other transaction-data, e.g. by encryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3234—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving additional secure or trusted devices, e.g. TPM, smartcard, USB or software token
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/60—Digital content management, e.g. content distribution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for certifying the authenticity of data exchanged between two devices connected locally or remotely by a transmission line, each device comprising at least one memory and processing circuits.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to memory cards coupled remotely with an external device to have the card certify the authenticity of a data transmitted by the external device or to have the external device certify the authenticity of a data transmitted by the card.
  • One solution to this problem may consist in encrypting the data to be transmitted, but this solution is not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, the receiver decrypts the data to obtain a data in clear, but it is not certain that this data corresponds well to that transmitted.
  • the invention overcomes this drawback and makes it possible to authenticate a datum received as being not only in accordance with the datum transmitted, but also transmitted by an authorized transmitting device.
  • the invention makes it possible to detect both a datum modified during its transmission and a datum transmitted from an unauthorized transmitting device.
  • a receiving device notably constituted by a portable object such as a credit card.
  • two electronic devices (1, 2) are connected locally or remotely by a conventional transmission channel (L) of electrical or optical type.
  • the device (1) comprises at least one memory (M1), processing circuits (T1) and an input-output interface (I1). All these circuits are linked together via a link bus (b1).
  • the device (2) comprises at least one memory (M2), processing circuits (T2), a data input device such as a keyboard (CL) and an input-output interface (I2). All these circuits are linked together by a link bus (b2).
  • the memories (M1, M2) are for example divided into at least two memory areas (Z1, Z2). Information or Once stored in the memory areas (Z1) are locked in order to be inaccessible for reading and writing from the outside. The information or data once saved in the memory zones (Z2) can only be read from the outside. On the other hand, all the information recorded in the memory areas (Z1, Z2) is freely accessible internally by the processing circuits.
  • the memories (M1, M2) generally additionally include a work area (Z3) for storing intermediate information during the operations executed by the processing circuits.
  • the device (1) consists of a portable object such as a card
  • the device (2) is representative of an external device capable of interacting with a card temporarily coupled to this external device.
  • the dialogue which will be established between the card and the device normally makes it possible to lead to the delivery of a service or to an authorization of access by means of complementary circuits not shown and the nature of which depends on the intended application.
  • a first security measure consists in not transmitting in clear the data (d) which will be encrypted before transmission in such a way that the card (1) will be able to be able to certify that the decrypted data is indeed in conformity with the data (d) issued.
  • Data (d) can be data resulting from a calculation executed by the processing circuits (T2) of the device external (2) or a data entry on the keyboard (CL) of the external device (2) and possibly preprocessed by the processing circuits (T2).
  • the encryption of the data (d) is obtained by a program (P2) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M2) and executed by the processing circuits (T2).
  • This program (P2) is the implementation of a function (f2) of encryption of an invertible algorithm.
  • This function (f2) takes into account at least one encryption key (S2) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M2) and a parameter (X) which is linked to the data item (d).
  • the parameter (X) is broken down into several fields (X1, X2, .... Xn) with at least one of these fields which must satisfy a predetermined relationship and at least one field which is representative of the value (v ) or binary configuration of the data (d).
  • This message (M) is transmitted to the card (1) by the transmission channel (L).
  • the processing circuits (T1) of the card (1) will execute on the message (M) received a program (P1) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M1).
  • This program (P1) is the implementation of the inverse function (f1) or decryption function of the invertible algorithm used during the encryption operation by the external medium (2).
  • the parameter (X ⁇ ) thus obtained is, like the parameter (X), decomposed into several fields (X ⁇ 1, X ⁇ 2, .... X ⁇ n), and the conditions or relations which are satisfied by the fields of the parameter (X) must also be satisfied by the corresponding fields of the parameter (X ⁇ ).
  • the parameter (X ⁇ ) is broken down into three fields (X ⁇ 1, X ⁇ 2, X ⁇ 3).
  • the card if the fields (X ⁇ 1, X ⁇ 2) satisfy the same relation as the fields (X1, X2), that is to say that the information of these fields is identical and equal to the address (ad) of the data (d), the card considers that the field (X ⁇ 3) does represent the value (v) of the data (d) transmitted by the external medium (2).
  • the card (1) via its processing circuits (T1) can then write the data (d) to the address (ad) of the memory area (Z2) or (Z3) of the memory (M1) of the card (1).
  • the card (1) considers that the value (v) of the information of the field (X ⁇ 3) of the parameter (X ⁇ ) is not equal to the value (v) of the data item (d) transmitted. Under these conditions, the card (1) does not take into account the message (M) received knowing that there has been: - either an error in the transmission of the message (M), - either a modification of the message (M) during its transmission, - or that the message (M) was not sent by an authorized sending device if the encryption key (S2) does not correspond to the decryption key (S1) of the card (1) which is supposed to be a good one menu.
  • the encryption program (P2) can also take into account a random number (E).
  • E a random number
  • the same data item (d) will be encrypted differently to prevent a fraudster from being able to reuse an earlier message (M).
  • the random number (E) is provided by the card itself. More precisely, this number is taken from the memory zone (Z2) or control zone of which at least one bit is modified after each use of the card (1). The random number is then constituted by the word of the memory area (Z1) which contains the last modified bit. Of course, this number (E) is transmitted to the outside environment (2) before the encryption operation.
  • the random number (E) can be constituted by the initial content of the word located at the address (ad) of the memory where it is desired to write.
  • the writing of a data in memory is done word by word, the writing of a data (d) of several words will require a word by word transmission according to the method of the invention with a different random number (E) each time consisting of the content of the word at the address (ad) which is successively modified until the data (d) is completely written.
  • the invention applies in the opposite direction when the external device (2) wants to certify a datum (d) transmitted by the card (1).
  • the aforementioned encryption (P2) and decryption (P1) programs can be identical, which implies that the keys (S1) and (S2) are also identical. For security reasons, these keys must remain secret and it is for this reason that they are prerecorded in the memory areas (Z1) inaccessible from the outside.
  • the aforementioned algorithm can be a public key algorithm known per se.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR87/00271 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 10, 1988 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 10, 1988 PCT Filed Jul. 9, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/00742 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 28, 1988.The subject of the invention is a method for certifying the authenticity of a datum exchanged between two devices connected locally or at long distance by a transmission line. The transmitting device (2) fashions an enciphered message (M) on the basis of a parameter (X) at least one field (X1) of which must satisfy a predetermined condition and one field (X3) corresponds to the datum (d) to be transmitted. The receiving device (1) deciphers the message (M) in order to find a parameter (X') the field (X'1) of which must satisfy the same condition as the field (X1) for which the field (X'3) corresponds to the datum (d) transmitted. The invention is applicable in particular to credit cards.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé pour certifier l'authenticité d'une donnée échangée entre deux dispositifs connectés en local ou à distance par une ligne de transmission, chaque dispositif comprenant au moins une mémoire et des circuits de traitement.The invention relates to a method for certifying the authenticity of data exchanged between two devices connected locally or remotely by a transmission line, each device comprising at least one memory and processing circuits.

L'invention s'applique notamment aux cartes à mémoire accouplées à distance avec un dispositif extérieur pour faire certifier par la carte l'authenticité d'une donnée transmise par le dispositif extérieur ou pour faire certifier par le dispositif extérieur l'authenticité d'une donnée transmise par la carte.The invention is particularly applicable to memory cards coupled remotely with an external device to have the card certify the authenticity of a data transmitted by the external device or to have the external device certify the authenticity of a data transmitted by the card.

La majorité des applications qui mettent en oeuvre des cartes à mémoire font intervenir des opérations classiques d'écriture et de lecture de données dans la mémoire de la carte. La validité de ces opérations suppose l'authenticité des données échangées entre la carte et le dispositif extérieur, c'est-à-dire qu'une donnée reçue est bien conforme à la donnée émise. Cette authenticité n'est pas garantie lorsque la carte et le dispositif extérieur sont reliés à distance par une voie de transmission classique qui peut être observée par un fraudeur ayant la possibilité de modifier la donnée en cours de transmission. Ce problème est important notamment dans les applications bancaires où les données échangées concernent des crédits ou des débits de sommes d'argent.The majority of applications which use memory cards involve conventional operations of writing and reading data in the memory of the card. The validity of these operations presupposes the authenticity of the data exchanged between the card and the external device, that is to say that a datum received is in accordance with the datum transmitted. This authenticity is not guaranteed when the card and the external device are connected remotely by a conventional transmission channel which can be observed by a fraudster having the possibility of modifying the data during transmission. This problem is important in particular in banking applications where the data exchanged relates to credits or debits of sums of money.

Une solution à ce problème peut consister à chiffrer les données à transmettre, mais cette solution n'est pas entièrement satifaisante. En effet, le récepteur déchiffre la donnée pour obtenir une donnée en clair, mais il n'est pas certain que cette donnée corresponde bien à celle émise.One solution to this problem may consist in encrypting the data to be transmitted, but this solution is not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, the receiver decrypts the data to obtain a data in clear, but it is not certain that this data corresponds well to that transmitted.

L'invention pallie cet inconvénient et permet d'authentifier une donnée reçue comme étant non seulement conforme à la donnée émise, mais également émise par un dispositif émetteur habilité. Ainsi l'invention permet de détecter à la fois une donnée modifiée au cours de sa transmission et une donnée émise à partir d'un dispositif émetteur non habilité.The invention overcomes this drawback and makes it possible to authenticate a datum received as being not only in accordance with the datum transmitted, but also transmitted by an authorized transmitting device. Thus, the invention makes it possible to detect both a datum modified during its transmission and a datum transmitted from an unauthorized transmitting device.

L'invention propose donc un procédé pour certifier l'authenticité d'une donnée échangée entre deux dispositifs émetteur et récepteur reliés par une voie de transmission classique, chaque dispositif comprenant au moins une mémoire et des circuits de traitement, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à élaborer au niveau du dispositif émetteur (2) un message chiffré (M) par application de la fonction de chiffrement (f2) d'un algorithme inversible et mise en oeuvre par un programme (P2) exécuté par les circuits de traitement (T2), et tel que :
M = f2 (S2, X)
où (S2) est la clé de chiffrement de l'algorithme préenregistrée dans la mémoire (M2) du dispositif émetteur (2) et (X) un paramètre décomposé en au moins un champ (X1) satisfaisant une condition prédéterminée et un champ (X2) représentatif de la valeur (v) de la donnée (d), à transmettre ce message (M) au dispositif récepteur (1), à déchiffrer ce message (M) par application de la fonction de déchiffrement (f1) dudit algorithme pour obtenir un paramètre (Xʹ) tel que :
Xʹ = f1 (M, S1)
où (S1) est la clé de déchiffrement préenregistrée dans la mémoire (M1) du dispositif récepteur (1),
à décomposer le paramètre (Xʹ) en au moins un champ (Xʹ1) et un champ (Xʹ2),
et à vérifier que le champ (Xʹ1) vérifie la même condition prédéterminée que le champ (X1) du paramètre (X) pour en déduire que la valeur de la donnée du champ (Xʹ2) est égale à la valeur de la donnée (d) du champ (X2).The invention therefore provides a method for certifying the authenticity of a data exchanged between two transmitter and receiver devices connected by a conventional transmission channel, each device comprising at least one memory and processing circuits, characterized in that it consists in developing at the sending device (2) an encrypted message (M) by application of the encryption function (f2) of an invertible algorithm and implemented by a program (P2) executed by the processing circuits (T2 ), and such that:
M = f2 (S2, X)
where (S2) is the encryption key of the algorithm prerecorded in the memory (M2) of the sending device (2) and (X) a parameter decomposed into at least one field (X1) satisfying a predetermined condition and one field (X2 ) representative of the value (v) of the data item (d), in transmitting this message (M) to the receiving device (1), in decrypting this message (M) by application of the decryption function (f1) of said algorithm to obtain a parameter (Xʹ) such as:
Xʹ = f1 (M, S1)
where (S1) is the decryption key prerecorded in the memory (M1) of the receiving device (1),
to decompose the parameter (Xʹ) into at least one field (Xʹ1) and one field (Xʹ2),
and to verify that the field (Xʹ1) satisfies the same predetermined condition as the field (X1) of the parameter (X) to deduce therefrom that the value of the data of the field (Xʹ2) is equal to the value of the data (d) of the field (X2).

Selon un avantage de l'invention, il est possible d'écrire à distance et en toute sécurité des informations dans un dispositif récepteur notamment constitué par un objet portatif tel qu'une carte de crédit.According to an advantage of the invention, it is possible to write information remotely and securely in a receiving device notably constituted by a portable object such as a credit card.

D'autres avantages, caractéristiques et détails apparaîtront à la lumière de la description explicative qui va suivre fait en référence à la figure annexée donnée à titre d'exemple et qui représente schématiquement les principaux éléments ou circuits permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention.Other advantages, characteristics and details will appear in the light of the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended figure given by way of example and which schematically represents the main elements or circuits allowing the implementation of the process in accordance with the invention.

En référence à la figure, deux dispositifs électroniques (1, 2) sont connectés en local ou à distance par une voie de transmission classique (L) de type électrique ou optique.With reference to the figure, two electronic devices (1, 2) are connected locally or remotely by a conventional transmission channel (L) of electrical or optical type.

Le dispositif (1) comprend au moins une mémoire (M1), des circuits de traitement (T1) et une interface d'entrée-sortie (I1). Tous ces circuits sont reliés ensemble par l'intermédiaire d'un bus de liaison (b1).The device (1) comprises at least one memory (M1), processing circuits (T1) and an input-output interface (I1). All these circuits are linked together via a link bus (b1).

Le dispositif (2) comprend au moins une mémoire (M2), des circuits de traitement (T2), un dispositif d'entrée de données tel qu'un clavier (CL) et une interface d'entrée-sortie (I2). Tous ces circuits sont reliés ensemble par un bus de liaison (b2).The device (2) comprises at least one memory (M2), processing circuits (T2), a data input device such as a keyboard (CL) and an input-output interface (I2). All these circuits are linked together by a link bus (b2).

Les mémoires (M1, M2) sont par exemple divisées en au moins deux zones de mémoire (Z1, Z2). Les informations ou données une fois enregistrées dans les zones de mémoire (Z1) sont vérrouillées afin d'être inaccessibles en lecture et en écriture depuis l'extérieur. Les informations ou données une fois enregistrées dans les zones de mémoire (Z2) ne sont accessibles qu'en lecture depuis l'extérieur. Par contre, toutes les informations enregistrées dans les zones de mémoire (Z1, Z2) sont librement accessibles en interne par les circuits de traitement. Les mémoires (M1, M2) comprennent généralement en plus une zone de travail (Z3) pour le stockage d'informations intermédiaires au cours des opérations exécutées par les circuits de traitement.The memories (M1, M2) are for example divided into at least two memory areas (Z1, Z2). Information or Once stored in the memory areas (Z1) are locked in order to be inaccessible for reading and writing from the outside. The information or data once saved in the memory zones (Z2) can only be read from the outside. On the other hand, all the information recorded in the memory areas (Z1, Z2) is freely accessible internally by the processing circuits. The memories (M1, M2) generally additionally include a work area (Z3) for storing intermediate information during the operations executed by the processing circuits.

A titre d'exemple, le dispositif (1) est constitué par un objet portatif tel qu'une carte, alors que le dispositif (2) est représentatif d'un dispositif extérieur susceptible de dialoguer avec une carte temporairement accouplée à ce dispositif extérieur. Le dialogue qui va s'établir entre la carte et le dispositif permet normalement d'aboutir à la délivrance d'un service ou à une autorisation d'accès par l'intermédiaire de circuits complémentaires non représentés et dont la nature est fonction de l'application envisagée.For example, the device (1) consists of a portable object such as a card, while the device (2) is representative of an external device capable of interacting with a card temporarily coupled to this external device. The dialogue which will be established between the card and the device normally makes it possible to lead to the delivery of a service or to an authorization of access by means of complementary circuits not shown and the nature of which depends on the intended application.

Tout dialogue implique nécessairement un échange d'informations et on va supposer que le dispositif extérieur (2) est amené à transmettre une donnée (d) à la carte (1).Any dialogue necessarily involves an exchange of information and we will assume that the external device (2) is required to transmit data (d) to the card (1).

Une première mesure de sécurité consiste à ne pas transmettre en clair la donnée (d) qui va être chiffrée avant transmission d'une manière telle que la carte (1) va être capable de pouvoir certifier que la donée déchiffrée est bien conforme à la donnée (d) émise.A first security measure consists in not transmitting in clear the data (d) which will be encrypted before transmission in such a way that the card (1) will be able to be able to certify that the decrypted data is indeed in conformity with the data (d) issued.

La donnée (d) peut être une donnée résultant d'un calcul exécuté par les circuits de traitement (T2) du dispositif extérieur (2) ou une donnée entrée au clavier (CL) du dispositif extérieur (2) et éventuellement prétraitée par les circuits de traitement (T2).Data (d) can be data resulting from a calculation executed by the processing circuits (T2) of the device external (2) or a data entry on the keyboard (CL) of the external device (2) and possibly preprocessed by the processing circuits (T2).

Le chiffrement de la donnée (d) est obtenu par un programme (P2) préenregistré dans la zone de mémoire (Z1) de la mémoire (M2) et exécuté par les circuits de traitement (T2). Ce programme (P2) est la mise en oeuvre d'une fonction (f2) de chiffrement d'un algorithme inversible. Cette fonction (f2) prend au moins en compte une clé de chiffrement (S2) préenregistrée dans la zone de mémoire (Z1) de la mémoire (M2) et un paramètre (X) qui est lié à la donnée (d).The encryption of the data (d) is obtained by a program (P2) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M2) and executed by the processing circuits (T2). This program (P2) is the implementation of a function (f2) of encryption of an invertible algorithm. This function (f2) takes into account at least one encryption key (S2) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M2) and a parameter (X) which is linked to the data item (d).

Plus précisément, le paramètre (X) est décomposé en plusieurs champs (X1, X2, ....Xn) avec au moins un de ces champs qui doit satisfaire une relation prédéterminée et au moins un champ qui est représentatif de la valeur (v) ou configuration binaire de la donnée (d).More precisely, the parameter (X) is broken down into several fields (X1, X2, .... Xn) with at least one of these fields which must satisfy a predetermined relationship and at least one field which is representative of the value (v ) or binary configuration of the data (d).

A titre d'exemple, le paramètre (X) comprend trois champs (X1, X2, X3) avec :
- X1 = X2 = ad (d)
- X3 = v
où ad(d) est l'adresse mémoire de la carte (1) où doit être enregistrée la donnée (d) et (v) la valeur de la donnée (d).For example, the parameter (X) includes three fields (X1, X2, X3) with:
- X1 = X2 = ad (d)
- X3 = v
where ad (d) is the memory address of the card (1) where the data (d) must be recorded and (v) the value of the data (d).

Il est ainsi obtenu un message chiffré (M) tel que : M= f2(X, S2).An encrypted message (M) is thus obtained such that: M = f2 (X, S2).

Ce message (M) est transmis à la carte (1) par la voie de transmission (L). Les circuits de traitement (T1) de la carte (1) vont exécuter sur le message (M) reçu un programme (P1) préenregistré dans la zone de mémoire (Z1) de la mémoire (M1). Ce programme (P1) est la mise en oeuvre de la fonction inverse (f1) ou fonction de déchiffrement de l'algorithme inversible utilisé lors de l'opération de chiffrement par le milieu extérieur (2). Le programme (P1) déchiffre le message (M) au moyen d'une clé de déchiffrement (S1) préenregistrée dans la zone de mémoire (Z1) de la mémoire (M1) et tel que :
f1(M, S1) = XʹThis message (M) is transmitted to the card (1) by the transmission channel (L). The processing circuits (T1) of the card (1) will execute on the message (M) received a program (P1) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M1). This program (P1) is the implementation of the inverse function (f1) or decryption function of the invertible algorithm used during the encryption operation by the external medium (2). The program (P1) decrypts the message (M) by means of a decryption key (S1) prerecorded in the memory area (Z1) of the memory (M1) and such that:
f1 (M, S1) = Xʹ

Le paramètre (Xʹ) ainsi obtenu est, comme le paramètre (X), décomposé en plusieurs champs (Xʹ1, Xʹ2, ....Xʹn), et les conditions ou relations qui sont satisfaites par les champs du paramètre (X) doivent également être satisfaites par les champs correspondants du paramètre (Xʹ). En reprenant l'exemple pris précédemment, le paramètre (Xʹ) est décomposé en trois champs (Xʹ1, Xʹ2, Xʹ3).The parameter (Xʹ) thus obtained is, like the parameter (X), decomposed into several fields (Xʹ1, Xʹ2, .... Xʹn), and the conditions or relations which are satisfied by the fields of the parameter (X) must also be satisfied by the corresponding fields of the parameter (Xʹ). Using the example previously taken, the parameter (Xʹ) is broken down into three fields (Xʹ1, Xʹ2, Xʹ3).

Selon l'invention, si les champs (Xʹ1, Xʹ2) satisfont la même relation que les champs (X1, X2), c'est-à-dire que les informations de ces champs sont identiques et égales à l'adresse (ad) de la donnée (d), la carte considère que le champ (Xʹ3) représente bien la valeur (v) de la donnée (d) transmise par le milieu extérieur (2).According to the invention, if the fields (Xʹ1, Xʹ2) satisfy the same relation as the fields (X1, X2), that is to say that the information of these fields is identical and equal to the address (ad) of the data (d), the card considers that the field (Xʹ3) does represent the value (v) of the data (d) transmitted by the external medium (2).

La carte (1) par l'intermédiaire de ses circuits de traitement (T1) peut alors procéder à l'écriture de la donnée (d) à l'adresse (ad) de la zone de mémoire (Z2) ou (Z3) de la mémoire (M1) de la carte (1).The card (1) via its processing circuits (T1) can then write the data (d) to the address (ad) of the memory area (Z2) or (Z3) of the memory (M1) of the card (1).

Dans le cas contraire, la carte (1) considère que la valeur (v) de l'information du champ (Xʹ3) du paramètre (Xʹ) n'est pas égale à la valeur (v) de la donnée (d) émise. Dans ces conditions, la carte (1) ne prend pas en compte le message (M) reçu sachant qu'il y a eu :
- soit une erreur dans la transmission du message (M),
- soit une modification du message (M) au cours de sa transmission,
- soit que le message (M) n'a pas été émis par un dispositif émetteur habilité si la clé de chiffrement (S2) ne correspond pas à la clé de déchiffrement (S1) de la carte (1) qui est supposée être une bonne carte.Otherwise, the card (1) considers that the value (v) of the information of the field (Xʹ3) of the parameter (Xʹ) is not equal to the value (v) of the data item (d) transmitted. Under these conditions, the card (1) does not take into account the message (M) received knowing that there has been:
- either an error in the transmission of the message (M),
- either a modification of the message (M) during its transmission,
- or that the message (M) was not sent by an authorized sending device if the encryption key (S2) does not correspond to the decryption key (S1) of the card (1) which is supposed to be a good one menu.

Pour augmenter la sécurité dans la transmission de la donnée (d), le programme de chiffrement (P2) peut également prendre en compte un nombre aléatoire (E). Ainsi, une même donnée (d) sera chiffrée différemment pour éviter qu'un fraudeur puisse réutiliser un message antérieur (M).To increase security in the transmission of data (d), the encryption program (P2) can also take into account a random number (E). Thus, the same data item (d) will be encrypted differently to prevent a fraudster from being able to reuse an earlier message (M).

Le nombre aléatoire (E) est fourni par la carte elle-même. Plus précisément, ce nombre est prélevé dans la zone de mémoire (Z2) ou zone de contrôle dont au moins un bit est modifié après chaque utilisation de la carte (1). Le nombre aléatoire est alors constitué par le mot de la zone de mémoire (Z1) qui contient le dernier bit modifié. Bien entendu, ce nombre (E) est transmis au milieu extérieur (2) avant l'opération de chiffrement.The random number (E) is provided by the card itself. More precisely, this number is taken from the memory zone (Z2) or control zone of which at least one bit is modified after each use of the card (1). The random number is then constituted by the word of the memory area (Z1) which contains the last modified bit. Of course, this number (E) is transmitted to the outside environment (2) before the encryption operation.

En variante, le nombre aléatoire (E) peut être constitué par le contenu initial du mot situé à l'adresse (ad) de la mémoire où l'on désire écrire. Comme l'écriture d'une donnée en mémoire se fait mot par mot, l'écriture d'une donnée (d) de plusieurs mots nécessitera une transmission mot par mot selon le procédé de l'invention avec un nombre aléatoire (E) différent à chaque fois constitué par le contenu du mot à l'adresse (ad) qui est successivement modifié jusqu'à l'écriture complète de la donnée (d).As a variant, the random number (E) can be constituted by the initial content of the word located at the address (ad) of the memory where it is desired to write. As the writing of a data in memory is done word by word, the writing of a data (d) of several words will require a word by word transmission according to the method of the invention with a different random number (E) each time consisting of the content of the word at the address (ad) which is successively modified until the data (d) is completely written.

Bien entendu, l'invention s'applique en sens inverse lorsque le dispositif extérieur (2) veut certifier une donnée (d) transmise par la carte (1).Of course, the invention applies in the opposite direction when the external device (2) wants to certify a datum (d) transmitted by the card (1).

Les programmes de chiffrement (P2) et de déchiffrement (P1) précités peuvent être identiques, ce qui implique que les clés (S1) et (S2) sont également identiques. Par mesure de sécurité, ces clés doivent rester secrètes et c'est pour cette raison qu'elles sont préenregistrées dans les zones de mémoire (Z1) inaccessibles de l'extérieur.The aforementioned encryption (P2) and decryption (P1) programs can be identical, which implies that the keys (S1) and (S2) are also identical. For security reasons, these keys must remain secret and it is for this reason that they are prerecorded in the memory areas (Z1) inaccessible from the outside.

En variante, l'algorithme précité peut être un algorithme à clé publique connu en soi.As a variant, the aforementioned algorithm can be a public key algorithm known per se.

Claims (4)

1. Procédé pour certifier l'authenticité d'une donnée échangée entre deux dispositifs émetteur et récepteur reliés par une voie de transmission classique, chaque dispositif comprenant au moins une mémoire et des circuits de traitement, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à élaborer au niveau du dispositif émetteur (2) un message chiffré (M) par application de la fonction de chiffrement (f2) d'un algorithme inversible et mise en oeuvre par un programme (P2) exécuté par des circuits de traitement (T2), et tel que :
M = f2 (S2, X)
où (S2) est la clé de chiffrement de l'algorithme préenregistrée dans la mémoire (M2) du dispositif émetteur (2) et (X) un paramètre décomposé en au moins un champ (X1) satisfaisant une condition prédéterminée et un champ (X2) représentatif de la valeur (v) de la donnée (d), à transmettre ce message (M) au dispositif récepteur (1), à déchiffrer ce message (M) par application de la fonction de déchiffrement (f1) dudit algorithme pour obtenir un paramètre (Xʹ) tel que :
Xʹ = f1 (M, S1)
où (S1) est la clé de déchiffrement préenregistrée dans la mémoire (M1) du dispositif récepteur (1),
à décomposer le paramètre (Xʹ) en au moins un champ (Xʹ1) et un champ (Xʹ2),
et à vérifier que le champ (Xʹ1) vérifie la même condition prédéterminée que le champ (X1) du paramètre (X) pour en déduire que la valeur de la donnée du champ (Xʹ2) est égale à la valeur de la donnée (d) du champ (X2).1. Method for certifying the authenticity of a data exchanged between two transmitter and receiver devices connected by a conventional transmission channel, each device comprising at least one memory and processing circuits, characterized in that it consists in developing at level of the transmitting device (2) an encrypted message (M) by application of the encryption function (f2) of an invertible algorithm and implemented by a program (P2) executed by processing circuits (T2), and such than :
M = f2 (S2, X)
where (S2) is the encryption key of the algorithm prerecorded in the memory (M2) of the sending device (2) and (X) a parameter decomposed into at least one field (X1) satisfying a predetermined condition and one field (X2 ) representative of the value (v) of the data item (d), in transmitting this message (M) to the receiving device (1), in decrypting this message (M) by application of the decryption function (f1) of said algorithm to obtain a parameter (Xʹ) such as:
Xʹ = f1 (M, S1)
where (S1) is the decryption key prerecorded in the memory (M1) of the receiving device (1),
to decompose the parameter (Xʹ) into at least one field (Xʹ1) and one field (Xʹ2),
and to verify that the field (Xʹ1) satisfies the same predetermined condition as the field (X1) of the parameter (X) to deduce therefrom that the value of the data of the field (Xʹ2) is equal to the value of the data (d) of the field (X2). 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à faire prendre en compte par les fonctions (f1, f2) un nombre aléatoire (E).2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in taking into account by the functions (f1, f2) a random number (E). 3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste, lorsque le dispositif émetteur (2) ou le dispositif récepteur (1) est un objet portatif, à faire gérer le nombre aléeatoire (E) par l'objet portatif en le prenant dans une zone de mémoire de contrôle (Z2) dont le contenu est modifié à chaque utilisation de l'objet portatif.3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists, when the transmitting device (2) or the receiving device (1) is a portable object, having the random number (E) managed by the portable object by taking it from a control memory zone (Z2) whose content is modified each time the portable object is used. 4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à définir la condition prédéterminée précitée que doit satisfaire le champ (X1) du parmètre (X), à partir de l'adresse mémoire (ad) à laquelle doit être la donnée (d).4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in defining the aforementioned predetermined condition which the field (X1) of the parameter (X) must satisfy, from the memory address (ad) to which must be the data (d).
EP87401620A 1986-07-11 1987-07-09 Method for certifying the authenticity of data exchanged between two devices connected locally or remotely by a transmission line Expired - Lifetime EP0252850B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT87401620T ATE80485T1 (en) 1986-07-11 1987-07-09 METHOD OF ATTESTING THE AUTHENTICITY OF DATA EXCHANNED BY TWO DEVICES CONNECTED LOCALLY OR REMOTELY BY A COMMUNICATION LINE.

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FR8610206 1986-07-11
FR8610206A FR2601535B1 (en) 1986-07-11 1986-07-11 METHOD FOR CERTIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY OF DATA EXCHANGED BETWEEN TWO DEVICES CONNECTED LOCALLY OR REMOTELY THROUGH A TRANSMISSION LINE

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DE (1) DE3781612T2 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1988000742A1 (en) 1988-01-28
CA1289239C (en) 1991-09-17
JPH01500948A (en) 1989-03-30
HK92095A (en) 1995-06-16
DE3781612T2 (en) 1993-01-28
ES2035095T3 (en) 1993-04-16
ATE80485T1 (en) 1992-09-15
FR2601535B1 (en) 1988-10-21
JPH0467822B2 (en) 1992-10-29
FR2601535A1 (en) 1988-01-15
DE3781612D1 (en) 1992-10-15
EP0252850B1 (en) 1992-09-09
US4907270A (en) 1990-03-06

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