EP0213255B1 - Burnishing device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for rolling with a drive device for a workpiece to be rolled and with at least one movable rolling device, each of which at least contains a tool holder with a rolling element and a tool holder with a support element, the movable rolling device essentially consisting of two scissor-like articulated arms exists, which are kinematically connected to a power actuator for generating the rolling force.

Such devices can be used, for example, for deep rolling or smooth rolling of shafts, shaft shafts, axes, transition radii that arise when changing from one workpiece area to another workpiece area of a different size or position, and they have become particularly well known and widely used and proven in practice in the form of so-called Crankshaft rolling machines. They are also fully described in the literature. For this purpose, reference is made, for example, to DE-OS 33 33 603. The cited literature reference shows a deep rolling machine of the gen. Type for rolling the transition radii on crankshafts.

A similar machine is also shown in DE-PS 31 08 746. Both devices have fixed-rolling devices which are suspended and arranged in such a way that master shafts are not required to hang and guide these fixed-rolling devices. This type of suspension has certain advantages when adapting the devices to different types of crankshafts with different journal positions and different stroke sizes.

However, there are also devices of the generic type that carry the deep rolling devices over master shafts, such as DE-PS 32 24 286 or DE-PS 31 08 780 can be found.

The previously cited prior art devices are able to adapt to different positions of the connecting rod bearings of a crankshaft, so that crankshafts of different types can be rolled.

The rolling tools used in the devices are, due to their construction, closely specialized to the intended rolling task, so that it is necessary to change the rolling tools even with small changes in the dimensions of the workpiece in the area to be rolled. For this purpose, the machine must then be stopped and the tools are replaced manually on each rolling device. Devices of this type are therefore only suitable for producing medium to large series, but can be easily converted in particular to crankshafts of different types. However, the production of small series is uneconomical.

The invention is therefore based on the object of using devices of the generic type to achieve an increase in efficiency by reducing the time required for machining a workpiece and / or in retrofitting the machine, by a cheaper construction of the necessary equipment and by a larger one Flexibility of such a facility.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a device of the generic type in that At least one tool carrier is provided with a tool holder that is position-variable in at least two predetermined or predeterminable positions relative to the tool carrier, with at least one rolling element or support element that can be brought into said positions via the tool holder, at least one rolling element in the working position and / or at least one assigned one Support element is kinematically connectable or connected to a power actuator.

The fact that the respective rolling device is movable and is connected to only one power actuating device ensures that only the rolling force occurs as a transverse force on the workpiece and is canceled out there. Additional lateral forces that could stress the workpiece and that result from the power actuation device are largely avoided. The presence of at least one further rolling element and / or support element, which can change position in the manner described, makes a tool exchange unnecessary in the case of corresponding workpieces, and time is thereby saved in the production of larger series. At the same time, greater flexibility of the device is achieved because, within a certain frame, the device according to the invention can react to the design of the workpiece with a corresponding change in position of the rolling elements and / or the support elements. In the medium series range, it is also conceivable to use fewer rolling devices in a single device and to move them to the location to be rolled on the workpiece, and by changing the position accordingly to make a selection of the support elements and / or the rolling elements so that a suitable tool is used at the respective workpiece location. Such a device can also react to different workpieces, so that a device does not have to be provided for each special workpiece and it is no longer necessary to provide a rolling device for each point to be rolled on the workpiece. A position-changeable tool holder, equipped with corresponding rolling elements or supporting elements, is structurally simple to implement. This makes it possible to carry and guide rolling elements and supporting elements at the same time. The fact that at least one rolling element and / or support element is arranged in a positionally variable manner on the tool carrier can simplify the construction of the device, at least in certain applications, and this positional variability can at the same time facilitate the introduction of a workpiece into the device. Due to the aforementioned changeable credit, it not only succeeds if necessary. bring different elements to the place of use, but it is also possible to remove corresponding elements from the place of use and return them to the place of use after inserting a workpiece.

An embodiment of the invention is seen in the fact that each rolling element and each support element is an element of a roller head. Roller heads with rolling elements are already known and have proven themselves. The use of such roller heads in a device of the type according to the invention further increases the economy of a device of the type according to the invention in that the spare parts inventory can be reduced and essentially to the roller heads can be limited. In addition, the use of such roller heads enables a simpler construction of the device.

A supplementary embodiment is again seen in the fact that an independent roller head is provided for each rolling element or pair of rolling elements and / or for each supporting element or pair of supporting elements. As a result, the structure of the roller heads can be standardized, so that the same roller heads can always be used in machines with a different number of rolling elements, so that the different number of roller elements is achieved simply by varying the roller heads.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that each roller head is arranged in a variable position on the associated tool carrier. This is an easy way to bring the respective roller head into a desired position.

According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that the tool holder be designed as a roller head for the rolling element and / or the support element. In this way it is possible to realize the inventive idea even in structurally restricted conditions. The overall structure is thereby simplified at the same time.

Alternatively, it is proposed according to the invention that at least one tool holder carries at least one roller head. In this way, on the one hand, different equipment of the machine can be achieved in adaptation to certain production conditions and, on the other hand, it is at least partially possible to use existing roller heads.

It is also proposed according to the invention that at least two roller heads with at least two positions are arranged such that at least one position is the working position. With a simple arrangement of this type, a large number of different workpiece dimensions can already be mastered.

A supplementary alternative of the invention provides that the roller heads are arranged on a guide for changing the position. This is a space-saving and simple construction for changing the position. The roller elements and / or support elements are then changed in their position at the same time with the roller heads.

In addition, it is then proposed according to the invention that an actuating device is provided for carrying out the change in position, it then being further proposed that at least one fluid-actuated piston-cylinder unit is provided as the actuating seal. Actuating devices specially adapted to the implementation of the change in position and appropriately designed and arranged are easy to implement and facilitate the implementation of the change in position.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that at least one more position is predefined and predeterminable for the tool holder than it carries roller heads. As a result, even with a multiple arrangement of roller heads, it is possible to achieve a position in which none of the existing roller heads is in the working position. As a result, the overall exchange of the tools and in particular the exchange of broken deep-rolling rollers is facilitated and the insertion work for inserting the workpieces can also be facilitated.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the movable rolling device consists essentially of two scissors-like arms which are kinematically connected to a force actuating means for generating the rolling force. Such a configuration allows high rolling forces to be exerted on the workpiece in a small installation space, these rolling forces canceling each other out on the workpiece itself, so that one of the rolling forces resulting additional undesirable radial loading of the workpiece is prevented. It must be emphasized here that the scissor-like connection of the arms does not have to mean that a hinge point is present approximately in the middle of the arms. It is quite possible to also use the hinge point z. B. to put on one end of the arms and thus connect the ends of the arms together. The other ends then carry the tools and it is then possible to kinematically connect power actuating means on either side of these tools to these arms to generate the rolling force. Such a construction creates favorable leverage for generating the rolling force.
It must therefore be expressly pointed out that the scissor-like connection which connects the arms to one another in an articulated manner does not necessarily have to be designed as shown, although such a design can also be particularly expedient. In principle, of course, no scissors-like connection must be provided at all, but it is also possible to guide and move the tool carriers, for example, parallel to one another and to connect them kinematically with a force actuating means, so that the tool carriers can be moved parallel to and away from one another.

Finally, it is also proposed according to the invention that at least one rolling device is provided, with at least one rolling element and / or at least one support element, that in each case a fixed position is arranged in relation to the associated tool carrier. For certain applications, it may be advantageous to change the rolling elements and / or support elements or to bring them into or out of the working position by means of a corresponding one Change of position of the entire rolling device. The rolling elements and / or support elements must then be arranged in a fixed position in relation to the associated tool carrier.

A device of the type according to the invention can be equipped with one as well as with several rolling devices. The rolling devices can also be of different types. The workpiece can be driven centrally via a separate workpiece drive. However, it is also possible, in particular in the case of crankshafts, for the workpiece to be carried on the one hand by the different rolling devices and to be driven on the other hand. Here, a crankshaft is advantageously carried and guided by the rolling devices for the main bearings and driven by the rolling devices for the connecting rod bearings. However, rolling devices for the main bearings are not absolutely necessary as a means for storing and guiding the crankshaft. Driving the crankshaft via the connecting rod bearings is particularly advantageous when the rolling devices are carried and moved by master shafts. It is also possible to combine rolling devices of the type according to the invention with rolling devices of a conventional type within a device according to the invention.
Furthermore, it is possible in a device of the type according to the invention to make rolling devices designed according to the invention movable along a workpiece axis, so that the rolling devices can be moved into desired and pre-programmable working positions by means of appropriate drive and control means, for example via programmable NC controls. The program can do more than just that Positioning the rolling devices themselves but also the selection of the tools to be brought into position.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments.

Figur 1

Festwalzgerät in Seitenansicht

Figur 2

Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils A nach Figur 1

Figur 3

Variante zu Figur 1

Show it:

Figure 1

Deep rolling device in side view

Figure 2

View in the direction of arrow A according to FIG. 1

Figure 3

Variant of Figure 1

A device according to the invention in the form of a crankshaft rolling device with a basic structure, as is already known in the prior art mentioned, is described as an example. This device contains at least one deep rolling device 1, consisting essentially of two arms 6 and 7. These arms 6 and 7 can be connected in a known manner to one another in a known manner via the tabs 23 and the hinge pin 24. At the opposite rear ends 8 and 9, a piston-cylinder unit 10 is also arranged in a known manner, which moves the arms 6 and 7 like pliers or scissors. At the end 11 opposite the end 8 and at the end 12 opposite the end 9, the roller head required in each case is arranged on an arm 6 or 7 in the prior art. In the case of the deep-rolling device according to the invention, however, joint pins 25 and 26 are provided there, which carry the fork-shaped levers 19 and 20 in an articulated manner. The levers 19 and 20 can be around their Swivel pivot pins 25 and 26 freely, as indicated by arrows 27 and 26 '.

A piston-cylinder unit 21 is connected via a piston rod to the lever 19 via a joint 28, while the cylinder of the piston-cylinder unit 21 is supported on the lever 6. In the switching position shown in FIG. 1, the lever 19 is in the angular position 15. At the second end of the lever 19, known deep-rolling tools 13 and 13 ', designed as a double tool in the exemplary embodiment shown, are arranged. In the angular position 15 of the lever 19, the deep rolling roller head 13 is in the working position.

Arranged opposite the deep rolling roller head 13, in a manner known per se, is a support roller head 14 which is arranged on the lever 20. The angular position 17 of the lever 20 holds the support roller head 14 in the working position, so that the transition radii 2 on the main bearing 3 can be rolled. For this it is necessary that the levers 6 and 7 are moved via the piston-cylinder unit 10 in a manner known per se and thus the deep rolling roller head 13 and the support roller head 14 are brought into contact with the corresponding bearing points of the crankshaft 5. In this way, of course, not only the main bearing 3 of the crankshaft 5, but also the connecting rod bearing 4 can be rolled in the region of the fillets 2. For this purpose, only a corresponding device has to be arranged. However, the multiple arrangement of such devices is known from the literature on the state of Tecknik already cited. On a detailed description of this multiple arrangement can therefore be omitted here. For this, reference can be made to the cited literature on the prior art. However, it is also possible to move the device 1 or 1 ′ axially from processing point to processing point, as is indicated by arrow 42 in FIG. 2.

For the machining of the crankshaft 5, this can, as shown in FIG. 2, be accommodated between centers and driven centrally, so that the deep rolling device 1 does not need to be suspended via master shafts. However, it is alternatively equally possible to store the crankshaft 5 without centers in the deep rolling devices and to guide and drive the deep rolling devices 1 via master shafts.

The machining of the crankshaft can now be carried out in a manner already known in the prior art. If a crankshaft 5 now arrives as the next workpiece with, for example, modified fillet radii, the deep-rolling roller head 13 'can be matched to this. In order then to be able to roll the crank shaft 5 with the changed transition radii 2, the piston-cylinder unit 21 is actuated so that its piston rod retracts. As a result, the lever 19 is moved from the angular position 15 into the angular position 16. As a result, the deep rolling roller head 13 ′ comes into the working position and the crankshaft 5 with the changed radii can be rolled by means of the rolling elements 40. The pivoting movement in the direction of arrow 27 of the lever 19 is of course in no way to the two described in the embodiment Switch positions limited. More than two switching positions can also be provided. Likewise, more than two deep rolling roller heads, each with different rolling elements 40, can be used. But it also makes sense, depending on the application, to provide only a single deep rolling roller head 13, for example if the now possible swiveling movement via the lever 19 is only or preferably to serve to simplify the tool change for the tool 13 or in the event of a break in the rolling elements 40 to simplify the change of the rolling elements through better accessibility. However, the insertion of the workpiece can also be simplified by such a pivoting movement.

The support roller head 14 can also be pivoted in the direction of arrow 28, for example by means of the handle 22 from the angular position 17, which represents the working position, into the angular position 18. For this purpose, only the locking bolt 29 is removed so that the lever 20 can now be pivoted effortlessly via the handle 22. In the angular position 18, the locking bolt 29 is then reinserted and then sits in the bore 30 of the arm 7. In this swivel position, the support roller head 14 can be replaced effortlessly. However, it is also conceivable to design the lever 20 in the embodiment of the lever 19, so that the lever 20 can carry several different support roller heads for different bearing designs.

The construction of a deep rolling device 1 'according to FIG. 3 is very similar in structure to that Deep rolling device described so far. The arm 7 with the support roller head 14, which is articulated via the lever 20 on the arm 7 via the hinge pin 26, can be constructed exactly as already described for FIG. 1. This lever 7 is in turn articulated by means of the hinge pin 24 and the tab 23 to an arm 6 ', the first ends 8' and 9 of the arms 6 'and 7 being connected to a piston-cylinder unit 10 which the Swivel movement of the arms should cause relative to each other and which generates the necessary rolling force.

The arm 6 'differs in its construction from the arm 6 according to FIG. 1. In the area of the second end 11 'of the arm 6', this has a slide guide 37 on the underside, on which one or more slides 35 can be arranged. The one or more slides 35 are displaceable in the direction of arrow 36. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the carriages 35 carry deep rolling roller heads 31, 32 and 33, which in turn contain rolling elements 40. Since a plurality of carriages 35 are provided in the exemplary embodiment, the deep-rolling roller heads 31 to 33 are connected to one another via tabs 38. The deep rolling roller head 31 is here in the working position 34, while the deep rolling roller heads 32 and 33 are available for a roller head change.

To carry out a sliding movement of the roller heads 31 to 33 on the slide guide 37, the roller head 33 is connected with its associated slide 35 via an arm 39 to the piston-cylinder unit 21 '. An inward and outward movement of the piston rod this piston-cylinder unit 21 'brings about a corresponding displacement of the slide 35 and thus of the roller heads 31 to 33 in the direction of the arrow 36. As a result, any desired roller head can be brought into the working position 34 or removed from it. In the respective working position, the roller head located in the working position can be mechanically locked or held in working position 34 via a position control of the piston of the piston-cylinder unit 21 '.

With this type of construction, it is entirely possible to design the respective slide 35 as a fixed component of an assigned roller head. It is also possible to design several roller heads as a unit, so that there is only one roller head as an assembly, but which has several jobs.

Likewise, it is of course also possible to use a roller head arrangement as described for the lever 6 ′ in the form of support roller heads on the arm 7. The arm 7 then only has to be designed at its second end 12 corresponding to the end 11 'of the arm 6'.

The deep rolling devices described can be used both on deep rolling machines according to the prior art cited at the beginning and can also be used as individual devices.

It is also possible to arrange the rolling elements 40 and / or the support elements 41 in a fixed position in relation to the associated tool carrier and to change the position of the tool carrier itself or the entire device move or otherwise change its position accordingly. Of course, it is also possible to additionally provide for the ability to move or change the position of a tool holder or the entire device.

List of the reference symbols used

1

Deep rolling device

1'

Deep rolling device

2nd

Transition radii

3rd

Main camp

4th

Connecting rod bearings

5

crankshaft

6

Arm (tool holder)

6 '

Arm (tool holder)

7

Arm (tool holder)

8th

first end

8th'

first end

9

first end

10th

Piston-cylinder unit

11

second end

11 '

second end

12

second end

13

Deep rolling roller head

13 '

Deep rolling roller head

14

Support roller head

15

position

16

position

17th

position

18th

position

19th

Tool holder

20th

Tool holder

21

Piston-cylinder unit

21 '

Piston-cylinder unit

22

Handle

23

Tab

24th

Hinge pin

25th

Hinge pin

26

Hinge pin

26 '

arrow

27th

arrow

28

joint

29

Locking bolt

30th

drilling

31

Deep rolling roller head

32

Deep rolling roller head

33

Deep rolling roller head

34

Working position

35

carriage

36

arrow

37

Sled guide

38

Tabs

39

poor

40

Rolling element

41

Support element

42

arrow

Claims (12)

1. Device for rolling with a drive device for a workpiece (5) to be rolled, as well as with at least one movable roll device (1,1'), each of which incorporates a toolholder (6,6') with a roll element (40) and a toolholder (7) with a support element (41), whereby the movable roll device consists essentially of two arms connected flexibly to one another in scissor fashion. which are connected kinematically to a means of power operation for generation of the rolling force, characterized by the fact that on at least one toolholder (6,7), a toolhead (19,20) is provieded which is displaceable to at least two specified or specifiable positions (15-18) relative to the toolholder, with at least one additional roll element (40) or support element (41), which can be moved to the positions stated by means of the toolhead (19,20), whereby at least one roll element in working position and/or at least one appropriate support element is kinematically connectable or connected to a means of power operation.
2. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that each roll element (40) and each support element (41) is an element of a roller head (13,13'; 31-33;41).
3. Device in accordance with claim 2, characterized by the fact that an independent roller head is provieded for each roll element (40) and/or for each support element (41) or support element pair or roll element pair.
4. Device in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that each roller head (13,13';31-33;14) is displaceably located on the appropriate toolholder (6,6',7).
5. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that the toolhead (19,20) takes the form of a roller head for the roll element (40) and/or the support element (41).
6. Device in accordance with claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one toolhead (19,20) bears at least one roller head (13,13',14).
7. Device in accordance with one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that at least two roller heads are displaceably located, at least one of whose positions is working position (34).
8. Device in accordance with claim 7, characterized by the fact that the roller heads (13-33) are located on a guideway for displacement.
9. Device in accordance with claim 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that an operating device (21') is provided to carry out displacement.
10. Device in accordance with claim 9, characterized by the fact that at least one hydraulically operated piston and cylinder unit is provieded as operating device (21,21').
11. Device in accordance with claim 5, characterized by the fact that at least one position more is provided or is specifiable for the toolhead (19,20) than it bears roller heads.
12. Device in accordance with one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that a roller device (1,1') is provided with at least one roll element and/or at least one support element, each of which is located in a fixed position in relation to the appropriate toolholder.

Images