EP0208826B1 - Tamping unit for a track-tamping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A tamping unit for track tamping machines for tamping the ballast beneath two immediately adjacent sleepers (5, 61) of a railway track (6), comprising at least two pairs (20, 21 ; 70, 71) of tamping tools or groups of paired tamping tools which are arranged immediately adjacent one another longitudinally of the machine on a vertically displaceable tool carrying frame (39) and of which the tamping tools (28-31 ; 76-79) squeezable towards on another in pairs longitudinally of the machine by a squeezing drive are connected to a vibration drive (27, 82) and to a vertical displacement drive (32, 81) for penetration together into the ballast bed on the longitudinal sides of the sleepers (5, 61), characterized in that only the tamping tools (31, 76) - arranged in the outside longitudinally of the machine - of at least one pair (20, 71) of tamping tools are designed to be disengaged or rather lowered or raised independently of the common vertical displaceability of the tamping unit as a whole and are connected to an additional drive (38, 80) for vertical displacement.

Description

The invention relates to a tamping unit for track tamping machines for tamping two immediately adjacent sleepers of a track, which has at least two tamping tool pairs or pairs of pairs mounted on a height-adjustable tool support frame directly in the machine longitudinal direction, each of which has an auxiliary drive in the machine longitudinal direction in pairs adjustable tamping tools with a vibration drive and with a height adjustment drive for common immersion on the respective long sides of the sleepers in the ballast bed.

Tamping units of this type for track tamping machines for tamping two immediately adjacent sleepers of a track - according to DE-PSs 1 237 157 and 1 287 100 from the same applicant - have proven themselves extremely well in practice, since these so-called "two-sleeper" track tamping machines are not only much higher Provide performance, but also achieve a particularly reliable and uniform compression due to the tamping tools that can be immersed in the same sleeper compartment and simultaneously moved in opposite directions. Each tamping unit of the machine according to DE-PS 1 287 100 has, as can be seen in particular in the top view of this reference, a total of four tamping tool pairs, which are adjustable and mutually adjustable and vibratable in the ballast bed - in each case on the two longitudinal sides of the sleeper and on the two sides of the rail and in particular consist of darning tools designed as a double pick. The tamping tools of these tamping tool pairs or pairs of groups, which are mounted directly adjacent to one another in the machine longitudinal direction on a height-adjustable tool support frame, can be adjusted in pairs against one another via auxiliary drives in the machine longitudinal direction and are connected to a vibration drive and a height adjustment drive for joint immersion in the ballast bed . With the use of such machines, difficulties can arise in particular with strongly irregular threshold spacing or also with inclined sleepers or with double sleepers under rail joints that it is not always possible to position the tamping unit quickly and easily in order to avoid malfunctions in this regard.

Furthermore, according to AT-PS-303 795 by the same applicant, a track tamping machine for tamping tracks and switches is known, the tamping units of which are also designed as twin-tamping units and whose tamping tools are only provided with a single pick. These individual pimples are each mounted for lateral pivoting in a plane perpendicular to the direction of supply of the tamping tool on an axis running perpendicular to this plane and each connected to a hydraulically actuated piston-cylinder drive. These tamping tools of the two-sleeper tamping unit, which can be pivoted sideways, are mounted together with the correction device on a part of the chassis frame which projects over the track to be corrected and is adjustable transversely to the track axis, in order in particular to achieve a particularly good adaptation in track switch areas. A real route tamping is not provided with these machines and would be insufficient due to the small number of pimples.

Furthermore, a track tamping machine - according to US Pat. No. 4,282,815 - is known which has two single tamping units, each of which is height-adjustable via a separate drive and which are arranged immediately adjacent on a common frame, to form a so-called double-sleeper tamping machine. The two single tamping units each have tamping tool pairs, which consist of tamping tools with double pick, which can be provided against each other, can be immersed in the ballast bed on both longitudinal sides of the sleepers and on both rail sides, and can be vibrated. This construction requires a relatively large amount of effort since, in addition to the two height adjustment drives, two vibration drives are required for each tamping tool pair - thus a total of eight vibration drives, as can be seen from the plan of FIG. 4. Furthermore, this construction has the disadvantage that the inner tamping tools, due to the special type of auxiliary and vibration drive, cannot be arranged close enough, so that difficulties in use or in the provision are present, so that, for example, with a very different threshold distance Working as a two-sleeper tamping machine is not possible. The individual units can be lowered and put into operation separately from each other, but the height adjustment of the units to each other is often hindered by the strong projection or the projecting part. These machines have not proven themselves in practice either, when used as two-sleeper tamping machines and even less when working with a single tamping unit.

It is further known - according to DE-OS-3 205 511 - a track tamping unit which has two tamping tools of a pair of tamping tools, which are adjacent in the transverse direction of the track, for use on a threshold side, one of which, on a tool support frame connected to a height adjustment drive via an additional height shift drive Height is retractable and retractable. With this so-called semi-aggregate, only one half side of the rail / threshold crossing area to be machined needs to be plugged. Such tamping units are only intended for half-sided single-threshold tamping, e.g. B. in small tamping machines and the like., The alternate use left and right of a rail track results in large ballast displacements that oppose a precise tamping to create an abutment below the rail / threshold crossing.

According to DE-OS-3 313 114, two-sleeper tamping units can now be used with great advantage by the same applicant for track leveling tamping machines which are used for a gradual work feed in the machine longitudinal direction, with simultaneous (non-stop) feed movement of the track leveling machine. Tamping machine for even higher performance, especially when machining high-speed tracks. With such track tamping machines, a targeted or trouble-free immersion of the individual tamping tools is of even greater importance in order to avoid malfunctions or difficulties with any obstacles, also due to the increased working speed.

The object of the invention is to provide a tamping unit of the type described at the outset, which creates improved operating conditions for track tamping machines for tamping two immediately adjacent sleepers of a track and with which, if appropriate, a rapid changeover during work from two to one-sleeper tamping or vice versa.

The object of the invention is achieved with the tamping unit described in the introduction in that only the tamping tools of at least one pair of tamping tools arranged on the outside with respect to the longitudinal direction of the machine - regardless of the common height adjustment of the entire tamping unit - for disengaging or for inserting and inserting Extend trained and connected to an additional drive for a shift in height.

With a tamping machine equipped with such a tamping unit, areas in which obstacles occur can now be advantageously used, e.g. B. oblique sleepers, double sleepers in rail joints, but also partially obstructing track bodies and the like., Are supported in a quick and simple manner without any adjustment difficulties and disabilities. The tamping unit according to the invention, which is based on a design that has already proven itself in practice, has the further advantage that it can be used very easily in step-wise moving tamping machines - in particular track leveling, tamping and straightening machines without major design changes, but also for the latest track leveling, tamping and straightening machine designs can be installed, which are designed for continuous (non-stop) work access. Various advantageous installation methods are possible - depending on the type of track or the operating conditions for which such a machine is intended - either the darning tools that can also be extended and retracted in terms of the working direction can be arranged at the front or rear. Both variants have their advantages. A further significant advantage is achieved by the design according to the invention in that in the case of threshold understuffing by the inner tamping tools, which may not have to be provided depending on the application, a greater compression of the threshold subject area is created in the area of the threshold compartment to be immersed, even with single threshold understuffing. Machines with such tamping units designed according to the invention also achieve a significantly higher average output, since the route to be worked can be worked through quickly and easily even with many or despite different obstacle areas. In addition, single-threshold under-tamping with greater compaction can also be carried out over larger route areas with such a two-sleeper tamping unit - particularly at connection points in the area of difficult track bodies.

In the simplest embodiment according to the invention, there is the possibility for the tamping tools which are adjacent in the transverse direction of the track and are intended for immersion on the left and right of a rail in the ballast bed, and only for the front or rear outer tamping tools in relation to the working direction Provide drive for a shift in height immediately next to or to the side of these tools. Even for such a training, an improved adaptation to the various operating conditions is achieved compared to the conventional two-sleeper track tamping machines, with equally quick conversion from two to single-sleeper tamping or vice versa. Within the scope of the invention, the outer tamping tools, which are arranged at the front and rear with respect to the machine longitudinal direction, for disengaging independently of one another, can each be connected with such an additional drive for a shift in height, which makes an optional choice in such a track tamping machine Applicability and an even better adaptation to existing track obstacles or can achieve oblique thresholds or double thresholds. With such a design, however, only the inner tamping tools of the two tamping tool pairs can advantageously be used as so-called spreading tamping tool pairs. Such a design requires twice the number of such additional drives for independent height shifting, regardless of the common height adjustment, but practically enables universal adjustment to almost all occurring operating conditions and thus significantly improves the performance of a track tamping machine equipped with such two-threshold tamping units.

According to a further, particularly expedient feature of the invention, the outer tamping tools provided for immersing left and right of a rail in the ballast bed, preferably equipped with a double pick, are designed for independent immersion or independent retraction and retraction and are connected to height displacement drives which can be acted upon independently of one another . This design in conjunction with the height-shifting drives enables even better adaptation, since even the smallest irregularities or obstacle areas can be taken into account with ease, with the tamping tools that are independent of one another and additionally height-adjustable. In terms of design, such tamping tools do not take up much more space than in the known two-tamping machines. This is particularly important when constructing a wide variety of two-sleeper track tamping machines, since other tools must be arranged directly next to these tamping units in a very compact design.

According to a particularly advantageous feature of the invention, the outer tamping tools with the additional height shift drive are telescopic. This simple and structurally particularly useful solution creates the possibility of creating the construction with simple hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangements which are particularly suitable for the rough operation when machining tracks.

A particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention is that the additional height-adjustable or height-adjustable tamping tool via the respective height-shifting drive is mounted in an approximately tubular design and is pivotally mounted on the height-adjustable tool support frame, on which the as Hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement trained height-shift drive is attached, wherein preferably the piston is in a fixed connection via a cross connection with the upper end of the tamping tool. This has the advantage that the holder itself is used for the height-displaceable tools for telescoping the tool. Furthermore, a particularly robust and robust construction is created by the tubular holder, in particular with regard to the large forces that occur during tamping, such as penetration forces with encrusted ballast and the like.

Further advantages are achieved in that the tubular holder designed for receiving a tamping tool and at least partially a double pick is provided with fastening flanges for articulated mounting on the tool support frame and articulated connection with the associated hydraulic cylinder-piston auxiliary drive, and preferably on the opposite side a further mounting flange is provided for the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder piston height shift drive. This connection, which is very simple in construction, to the tamping unit itself can be installed in a particularly advantageous manner in the case of already existing tamping tool unit constructions without any additional modifications or the like. The two articulated points at which a conventional tamping tool is articulated thus serve at the same time for the articulation of the tubular holder.

A structurally simple and expedient solution is further achieved according to the invention in that the additional height-displaceable stuffing tool consists of two single tools, which are mounted together in the tubular holder in height according to bearing bushes, preferably with a releasably attached double pick, at the respective lower end of which the stuffing plate is detachably fastened, both individual tools fastened to the cross connection being designed to be telescopically retractable and extendable via the height shift drive up to the stuffing plates in the tubular holder. This solution, which is very simple and expedient in terms of structure, results in secure guidance and, moreover, the bearing points and the drive itself are protected from external influences by the tubular holder reaching up to the pimple plates (dust, stone chips, etc.)

According to a further feature of the invention, each outer stuffing tool, which is additionally adjustable in height, is connected to a holding device designed to hold or block the tool in the working or extended position. This has the advantage that the forces do not act directly on the cross-connection and on the additional height-shifting drive. which also creates a construction with a relatively long service life. In particular, however, every game in connection with the additional possibility of moving in and out, regardless of the general height adjustment, is switched off, so that with such a construction even the highest forces, in particular during the immersion process in a crusted ballast bed and the like, can be absorbed without problems.

According to a particularly expedient embodiment, the holding device consists of a clamping part which comprises the tamping tool in the working position and is preferably formed by the tubular holder provided with a longitudinal slot and has flanges attached to it, which are preferably clamped against one another via a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement. or are adjustable. This design solution is not only simple in construction, but it is created between the tubular holder and the height-adjustable tamping tool by simple operation, a mechanical rigid connection that can be quickly manufactured or released individually on the respective outer tamping tools.

A particularly advantageous feature arrangement of the invention consists in that all tamping tools in front, with respect to the working direction, in particular designed or equipped with a double pick - both tamping gates of a track construction machine assigned to one rail of the track - additionally adjustable in height and each with one, one another and for the common height adjustment drive of each tamping unit, which can be acted upon independently, in particular in the form of a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement for remote control, are connected to a height shift drive. This arrangement has the advantage that - since only the front tamping tools are designed to be vertically displaceable - the overall construction is simple and economical in construction - the rear outer tamping tools are always driven out during the immersion process, so that the sleepers are always fully tamped by the rear tamping tool pairs can and the once tamping is no longer changed. In the case of obstacle areas, only the front outer tamping tools are retracted or extended. In this arrangement, the inner tamping tools with their respective auxiliary drives can advantageously be further acted upon or even blocked - so that when the inner tamping tools of the front tamping tool pair are moved and when the front outer tamping tool is retracted, the inner tamping tools practically pre-compress the front threshold he follows. This advantage also results if only a threshold is plugged in over longer distances.

Finally, a further advantageous feature arrangement according to the invention is that all the tamping tools at the rear in relation to the working direction, in particular those designed or equipped with a double pick - both tamping units of a track-laying machine assigned to a rail of the track - are additionally adjustable in height and each with a from each other and to the common height adjustment drive of each tamping unit, which can be acted upon independently, in particular as a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement for remote control, are connected to a height shift drive. With this arrangement, which is suitable, for example, for track tamping machines that are able to process particularly heavy and retracted tracks with a heavily encrusted ballast bed, in which there is no risk of displacement of a support that is already blocked, the further advantage is achieved that the front, unmovable , outer tamping tools are always easier to penetrate into a heavily encrusted ballast bed than single tamping tools than the rear tamping tools, which are immersed in the previously processed ballast.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to two preferred exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Stopfaggregates, teilweise im Schnitt,
• Fig. 2 eine Stirnansicht des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Stopfaggregates, gemäß Pfeil II,
• Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt nach 111-111 der Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer mit dem Stopfaggregat gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 ausgestatteten, kontinuierlich (non stop) verfahrbaren Zweischwellen-Gleisstopf, Nivellier-und Richtmaschine,
• Fig. 5 eine teilweise und sehr schematische Draufsicht in vergrößerter Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4, insbesondere auf die beiden Stopfaggregate,
• Fig. 6 eine schematische Seitenansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispieles einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stopfaggregat ausgestatteten und zum schrittweisen Verfahren bzw. Arbeiten ausgebildeten Gleisstopf-, Nivellier- und Richtmaschine,
• Fig. 7 eine teilweise und sehr schematische vergrößerte Draufsicht insbesondere auf die beiden Stopfaggregate gemäß Fig. 6 und
• Fig. 8 eine schematische Draufsicht der beiden Stopfaggregate, gemäß dem in Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer anderen Arbeitsstellung.

Show it:

• 1 is a side view of a tamping unit designed according to the invention, partly in section,
• 2 is an end view of the tamping unit shown in FIG. 1, according to arrow II,
• 3 shows a cross section according to 111-111 of FIG. 1,
• 4 shows a schematic side view of a continuously (non-stop) movable two-sleeper track pot, leveling and straightening machine equipped with the tamping unit according to FIGS. 1 to 3,
• 5 is a partial and very schematic plan view in an enlarged view according to FIG. 4, in particular of the two tamping units,
• 6 shows a schematic side view of a further exemplary embodiment of a track tamping, leveling and straightening machine equipped with the tamping unit according to the invention and designed for the step-by-step method or work,
• Fig. 7 is a partially and very schematic enlarged plan view, in particular of the two tamping units according to Fig. 6 and
• Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of the two tamping units, according to the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6 in a different working position.

The two-threshold tamping unit 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, which later 4 and 5 is shown in detail in the continuously (non-stop) movable track tamping, leveling and straightening machine 2. This has an elongated chassis frame 7 supported at its ends by bogie trolleys 3 on a track 6 consisting of rails 4 and sleepers 5, in particular concrete sleepers. A drive, energy supply and control device 8 is arranged on this. A travel drive 10 is provided for the continuous (non-stop) feed of the machine 2 in the working direction represented by an arrow 9. In an operator's cab 11 arranged at the rear in the working direction, a driving and control desk 12 is arranged, which is connected to a central control device via control lines.

Between the bogie bogies 3, which are spaced far apart from one another by the elongated bogie frame 7 - for a sufficiently large lifting or straightening movement - there is also a very elongated tool frame 13. Its rear end in the working direction can be supported on the track via a pair of support and guide wheels 14. The front end region of this tool frame 13 is designed as a guide and is connected to the chassis frame 7 by means of a double-acting hydraulic adjustment drive 15, or is mounted on the chassis frame for pivoting or tracking the pair of support and guide wheels 14. The size of the variable-length hydraulic adjustment drive 15, which is articulated to the chassis frame 7 and tool frame 13, has an adjustment path that is approximately twice the feed size for the respective type of tamping (single-threshold or two-threshold tamping), in the present exemplary embodiment therefore approximately four times a threshold distance. The machine 2, as can be seen better in the top view according to FIG. 5, is equipped with a so-called two-sleeper tamping unit 1 that can be moved over each rail 4 for simultaneous tamping of two immediately adjacent sleepers 5. The two tamping units 1 are assigned a lifting and straightening unit 16, which is connected to the tool frame 13 so as to be adjustable in terms of side and height, and the tools for straightening and leveling the track 5 can be loaded via leveling and straightening reference systems, for example via a wire-leveling reference chord 17.

As can be seen better in FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the two-sleeper tamping units 1, which is only shown schematically in FIGS. 4 and 5, has two tamping tool pairs 20 and 21 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the machine according to arrow 9 for simultaneous tamping of two immediately adjacent sleepers 5 . These consist of hydraulic cylinder-piston auxiliary drives 22, 23, 24, 25 which are mutually adjustable and which can be immersed in the ballast bed 26 on both longitudinal sides of the sleeper and - as can be seen in FIG. 5 - on both sides of the rail 18 and 19 and via a common vibration drive 27 vibrating tamping tools 28, 29, 30, 31. These tamping tools 28, 29, 30, 31 are each equipped with double pick 33, 34, 35, 36, in particular for machining on routes. The tamping tool pairs 20, 21 arranged one behind the other on the tool frame 13 of each of the two twin-tamping tamping units 1 are guided in a height-adjustable manner there and connected to a common hydraulic cylinder-piston height adjustment drive 32. The inner tools 29, 30 located on the mutually facing sides of the tamping tool pairs 20, 21 each have a forked shape with their cranked, respective double pick 34 or 35 and are in use in one and the same sleeper compartment 37 between the two adjacent sleepers 5 submersible. Each two-sleeper tamping unit 1 thus forms a mechanical unit with all tamping tool pairs 20, 21 and their auxiliary drives as well as their common vibration and height adjustment drive.

1, 2 and 3 in relation to the machine longitudinal direction arranged on the outside, front tamping tools 31 of each two-sleeper tamping unit 1 of the two adjacent in the transverse direction of the track and for plunging left or right of the respective rail 4 into the ballast bed 26 are tamping tool pairs 20 - regardless of the common height adjustability - designed for disengagement or for independent retraction and extension of the height and each connected to an additional drive 38 for a shift in height. These two height-shifting drives 38 are likewise formed by a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement and can be acted upon independently of one another.

These outer, additionally height-adjustable stuffing tools 31 are telescopically designed for retracting and extending, and are each mounted in a height-adjustable manner in an approximately tubular holder 40, which is pivotably mounted on a height-adjustable tool support frame 39. The front, additionally height-displaceable, outer tamping tools 31 are each formed from two individual tools 42, which are mounted together in height in the tubular holder 40 and can be displaced in height by means of bearing bushes 41, preferably with releasably fastened double pick 36, both individual tools 42 fastened in a cross connection 43 over the height shifting Drive 38 are telescopically retractable and extendible in the tubular holder 40 up to the actual stuffing plates 44 - see in particular FIG. 3.

The tubular holder 40 designed to accommodate the additional height-adjustable tamping tool 31 or the two individual tools 42 at least partially with its double pick 36 up to the respective tamping plate 44 is also provided with fastening flanges 45 for articulated mounting on the tool frame 13 and articulated connection with the associated hydraulic cylinder. Piston auxiliary drive 23 is provided, with a further mounting flange 46 being provided on the opposite side for the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder-piston height-shifting drive 38. The piston 47 of this drive 38 is in this case firmly connected to the upper end of the stuffing tool 31 via the cross connection 43.

As can be seen more particularly in detail from FIGS. 1 and 3, each outer front stuffing tool 31, which is additionally adjustable in height, is connected to a holding device 48 designed to hold or block the two individual tools 42 in the working or extended position. The holding device 48 consists of a clamping part 50, which encompasses the two individual tools 42 in the working position and is formed by the tubular holder 40 provided with a longitudinal slot 49, and flanges 51 fastened to the latter, which are connected via a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement 52 are clamped or adjustable against each other. The piston rod of the associated cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement 52 fastened to one of the two flanges 51 passes through the other flange 51 and has an abutment 53 at its end. When pressure is applied, the two flanges 51 are pressed together, as a result of which the tubular holder 40 clamps the two individual tools 42 with their bearing bushes 41 in the region of the longitudinal slot 49. The retracted tamping tool 31 located on the rail side 19 is inserted with its single tool 42 - as can be seen in the section in FIG. 1 - together with its associated double pick 36 in the tubular holder up to the tamping pick plate - as well as in the top view according to FIG. 3, lower part, recognizable in section. Therefore, the front individual tools 42 located on the other side 18 of the rail 4 are clamped with their bearing bush 41 by the holding device 48 assigned to them and pressurized in the tubular holder 40, the abutment 53 for the hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement 52 the clamping of the two flanges 51 of the tubular holder. In Fig. 1 are further on the left side in dashed lines, the cross sections of different shapes of sleepers 5, z. B. concrete or wooden sleepers or higher special sleepers, recognizable. All of these different sleepers 5 result in these difficulties in the case of tamping in relation to adjustment, provision and in connection with the equally often different, in particular too narrow, distance of the sleepers, which can be largely avoided with the two-sleeper tamping unit 1 designed according to the invention.

As can be seen in particular in the schematic plan view according to FIG. 5 of the two tamping units 1 of the continuously (non-stop) movable track tamping, leveling and straightening machine 2, all tamping tools 31 which are at the front with respect to the working direction and are designed with double pick 36 are both each tamping units 20 assigned to a rail 4 of the track 6 are each additionally adjustable in height in a tubular holder 40 or are designed accordingly. These tamping tools 31 are therefore each connected to their own side-height-shifting drive 38, which can be acted upon independently of one another and to the common height adjustment drive 32 of each tamping unit 1 and which is designed as a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement for remote control and is arranged directly next to or to the side of these tamping tools 31 .

4 and 5 it can also be seen particularly well that in the area of the inclined sill 5 - of the tamping unit 1 shown in FIG. 5 below - the front outer tamping tools are shifted upwards, i.e. they are in the retracted position. With a tamping unit 1 equipped in this way, this machine 2 can perform both a two-threshold tamping process and a single-threshold tamping in a continuous (non-stop) approach in the direction of the arrow 9. In the case of single-sleeper tamping, the advantage over conventional single-sleeper tamping machines is that the inner tamping tools result in an increased compression of the sleeper compartment in addition to the sleeper tamping. The change from one to two sleeper tamping is particularly important in such continuously (non-stop) moving tamping machines, where it is important to achieve a trouble-free working cycle even more quickly and without difficulty, since the actual tamping work with the gradually advancing tamping unit 1 according to a two- or one-sleeper feed according to the arrows 54 or 55 must take place during the continuous passage of the machine 2.

6, 7 and 8 show a further exemplary embodiment of a track tamping leveling and straightening machine 57 equipped with tamping units 56 according to the invention and designed for stepwise movement or working in the direction of arrow 58. This machine 57 also has an elongated end supported by bogie trolleys 59 on a track 62 consisting of rails 60 and wooden sleepers 61 Chassis frame 63 on. A drive, energy supply and control device 64 and a travel drive 65 for the gradual advancement of the machine 57 in the working direction shown by the arrow 58 are arranged on this. In an operator's cab 66 provided at the rear in the working direction, a driving and control desk 67 is provided, which is connected to a central control device via control lines and the like.

Between the bogie undercarriages 59, which are spaced far apart from each other by the elongated chassis frame 63 - for a sufficiently large lifting or straightening movement - to form a so-called compact machine - as can also be seen better in the plan view according to FIG. Darning units 56 arranged. Each tamping unit 56 assigned to a rail 60 is designed to tamp two immediately adjacent sleepers 61. The two tamping units 56 are assigned a lifting and straightening unit 68, which is connected to the chassis frame 63 so as to be adjustable in terms of side and height, and the tools for straightening and leveling the track 62 can be loaded via leveling and straightening reference systems, such as, for example, the wire-leveling reference chord 69 shown .

Each tamping unit 56 has tamping tool pairs 70, 71 mounted directly adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the machine, with tamping tools 76, 77, 78, 79 which can be acted upon by hydraulic cylinder-piston auxiliary drives 72, 73, 74, 75 and in particular are provided with double pick. Track tamping machine 57, the tamping tools 76, which are arranged on the outside in relation to the longitudinal direction of the machine according to arrow 58, of the tamping tool pairs 71 which are adjacent in the transverse direction of the track and are intended for plunging into the ballast bed on the left or right of the rail 60, are connected to an additional hydraulic cylinder-piston height adjustment drive 80 . Each tamping unit 56 is connected to a common height adjustment drive 81 and a common vibration drive 82. Each of these two twin-sleeper tamping units 56 installed in the two-sleeper track tamping machine 57 designed for step-by-step advancement is practically the same as the tamping unit 1 shown in FIGS. 1-3 and also has corresponding holding devices 83 for the outer, rear tamping tools 76, to hold these tamping tools sufficiently in the working position. The two tamping units 56 are only offset by 180 ° with respect to the working direction with respect to the tamping tools arranged on the outside - compared to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1-5.

The two-sleeper track tamping machine 57 is shown in a working position with the tamping unit 56 lowered, in which the track section that has already been machined has in each case been machined by the two adjacent tamping tool pairs 70 and 71 and with which, however, the track 62 with the double track shown in FIGS. Wood sleeper arrangement 84 is processed according to arrows 85 by single-sleeper tamping - for example in the case of a track arrangement in which the sleeper distances are then even closer. This design and arrangement of the tamping unit 56 according to the two-sleeper track tamping machine 57 shown, with only rear tamping tools 76 that can also be retracted and extended, is not only simple in design, but the following advantage is also achieved - the front, only with the common height adjustment drive 81 height-adjustable tamping tools 79 are always immersed in the ballast, which ensures that these "single" tamping tools 79 can easily penetrate into a hard, crusted ballast bed 86 with certainty, since very often the penetration resistance on such tracks is very high is high. The inner tamping tools 77, 78, on the other hand, plunge into the ballast bed 86 loosened by the previous operation, for example in the case of single-sleeper tamping, so that this design or arrangement in such two-sleeper track tamping machines 57 is particularly suitable for older tracks for processing which are hard or crusted ballast bed.

8 shows a very schematic plan view of the two twin-sleeper tamping units 56 when used on a track body 87 with a branching track. The rear tamping tools 76 of both pairs of tamping tools 71 which can be immersed in the ballast bed on the left and right of the rail track 88 are in the raised or retracted position, whereas the rear, retractable and retractable tamping tools 76 of the other two-shaft tamping unit 56 of the rail track 89 together with the other tamping tools 77, 78 and 79 are immersed.

With such two-sleeper track tamping machines 2 and 57 designed and equipped in this way, it is thus possible for the first time to work with the same machine, for example, with a single-threshold tamping cycle during the first work passage and, for example, with a two-threshold tamping cycle when returning, or vice versa or - as shown in the example according to FIGS. 6 and 7 - also to process different track sections in sections in the same operation with the same two-sleeper track tamping machine 57. Such changes can be controlled quickly and safely from the operator's cab 11 or 66 via the driving and control panel 12 or 67 without any malfunctions.

Claims (10)

1. A tamping unit for track tamping machines for tamping the ballast beneath two immediately adjacent sleepers (5, 61) of a railway track (6), comprising at least two pairs (20, 21; 70, 71) of tamping tools or groups of paired tamping tools which are arranged immediately adjacent one another longitudinally of the machine on a vertically displaceable tool carrying frame (39) and of which the tamping tools (28 - 31; 76 - 79) squeezable towards one another in pairs longitudinally of the machine by a squeezing drive are connected to a vibration drive (27, 82) and to a vertical displacement drive (32, 81) for penetration together into the ballast bed on the longitudinal sides of the sleepers (5, 61), characterized in that only the tamping tools (31, 76) - arranged on the outside longitudinally of the machine - of at least one pair (20, 71) of tamping tools are designed to be disengaged or rather lowered or raised independently of the common vertical displaceability of the tamping unit as a whole and are connected to an additional drive (38, 80) for vertical displacement.

2. A tamping unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer tamping tools (31, 76) preferably fitted with double tines (36) which are designed to penetrate into the ballast bed on the left and right of a rail (4, 60) are designed for independent penetration or rather for independent lowering and raising and are connected to independently operable vertical displacement drives (38, 80).

3. A tamping unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer tamping tools (31, 76) with the additional vertical displacement drive (38, 80) are of telescopic construction.

4. A tamping unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tamping tool (31, 76) designed for vertical displacement by the associated vertical displacement drive (38, 80) and for additional vertical adjustment is mounted for vertical displacement in a substantially tubular holder (40) which is in turn pivotally mounted on the vertically displaceable tool carrying frame (39) and to which the vertical displacement drive (38, 80) formed by a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston assembly is fixed, the piston (47) preferably being fixedly connected by a transverse connection (43) to the upper end of the tamping tool (31, 76).

5. A tamping unit as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the tubular holder (40) designed to recieve a tamping tool (31, 76) and, in part at least, a double tine (36) is provided with fixing flanges (45) for pivotal mounting on the tool carrying frame (39) and for pivotal connection to the associated hydraulic cylinder-and-piston squeezing drive (23, 72) and in that another fixing flange (46) is preferably provided on the opposite side for the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder-and-piston vertical displacement drive (38, 80).

6. A tamping unit as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the tamping tool (31, 76) designed for additional vertical displacement consists of two individual tools (42) preferably with detachable double tines (36), which are mounted for common vertical displacement on bushings (41) in the tubular holder (40) and to the lower end of which the tamping plates (44) are detachably fastened, the arrangement being such that the two individual tools (42) fixed to the transverse connection (43) are designed for telescopic lowering and raising in the tubular holder (40) up to the tamping plates under the power of the vertical displacement drive (38, 80).

7. A tamping unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each outer tamping tool (31, 76) designed for additional vertical displacement is connected to a locking mechanism (48, 83) which is designed to hold or rather lock the tool in its working or rather lowered position.

8. A tamping unit as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the locking mechanism (48, 83) consists of a clamping element (50) which clampingly surrounds the tamping tool (31, 76) in its working position and which is preferably formed by the tubular holder (40) provided with a longitudinal slot (49), and of flanges (51) fixed to the clamping element (50) which are designed to be clamped firmly against and adjusted relative to one another, preferably by a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston assembly (52).

9. A tamping unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that all the front (in the working direction) outer tamping tools (31), particularly double-tine (36) tamping tools, of the two tamping units (1) of a tamping machine (2) each associated with one rail (4) of the track (6) are designed for additional vertical displacement and are each connected to a vertical displacement drive (38) formed in particular by a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston assembly for remote-controlled operation and designed to be activated independently of one another and of the common vertical displacement drive (32) of each tamping unit (1) (Figs. 4, 5).

10. A tamping unit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that all the rear (in the working direction) outer tamping tools (76), particularly double-tine tamping tools, of the two tamping units (56) of a tamping machine (57) each associated with one rail (60 or 88, 89) of the track are designed for additional vertical displacement and are each connected to a vertical displacement drive (80) formed in particular by a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston assembly for remote-controlled operation and designed to be activated independently of one another and of the common vertical displacement drive (81) of each tamping unit (56) (Figs. 6, 7, 8).

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