EP0147447A1 - Blank for parallelepiped packages or package elements. - Google Patents
Blank for parallelepiped packages or package elements.Info
- Publication number
- EP0147447A1 EP0147447A1 EP84902442A EP84902442A EP0147447A1 EP 0147447 A1 EP0147447 A1 EP 0147447A1 EP 84902442 A EP84902442 A EP 84902442A EP 84902442 A EP84902442 A EP 84902442A EP 0147447 A1 EP0147447 A1 EP 0147447A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- lifting strip
- packaging
- wall section
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/07—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles
- B65D85/08—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular
- B65D85/10—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular for cigarettes
- B65D85/1009—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles rod-shaped or tubular for cigarettes provided with proffering means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F23/00—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes
- G09F2023/0025—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes on containers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S206/00—Special receptacle or package
- Y10S206/804—Special receptacle or package with means to lift or draw out content
Definitions
- such a blank After being erected, such a blank can form a parallelepipedic packaging which directly receives the objects.
- this blank can also be provided for an inner casing of a packaging which forms a packaging element. This inner casing surrounds the objects to be packaged and this inner casing with the objects is arranged in an outer packaging.
- OMPI is provided with a strip before folding the blank, which is to serve as a lifting strip in the finished cigarette pack.
- this narrow strip is fed in at a speed which is greater than the running speed of the film. This is intended to extend the strip beyond the front end edge of the film to form a handle.
- the running speed of the strip is then adapted to the running speed of the film and the strip is provided with glue in places. A portion of the strip is then glued to the film.
- the film is then cut off behind the glue point.
- Two blank parts are produced from this film, from which an inner casing of a packaging can be produced.
- This inner casing then has a lifting strip which is glued to one side of the inner casing, extends under the cigarettes, runs upwards on the other side of the inner casing and can be grasped from the outside.
- the invention is based on the object of creating a blank for an outer packaging as well as for the inner casing of a packaging which already has a lifting strip, the manufacture and handling of which during assembly for packaging or for the packaging element is facilitated. Furthermore, the
- the lifting strip is particularly advantageous to design the lifting strip as an integral part of the blank. All that is required for this is the formation of special tear lines in the blank. Such a procedure can be carried out without any problems.
- the blank can be produced in a very simple manner using techniques which are very easy to control. The manufacturing process of the blank is thereby considerably cheaper and the manufacturing speed is significantly increased.
- Simple techniques can be used when erecting the blank to form an outer packaging or to form a packaging element forming an inner envelope of a packaging, since the blank is completely
- OMPI is smooth and has no attached parts. It is not necessary to ensure that the lifting strip maintains its predetermined position when the blank is erected.
- Such a blank can not only be used for packaging cigarettes, but also for packaging rod-like or plate-shaped objects of any kind.
- the packaging density of the objects can be loosened in such a way that further removal becomes problem-free.
- the further use of the lifting strip could be dispensed with.
- the articulation point for the lifting strip can therefore advantageously be torn off. It is particularly expedient here that the force required to tear it off is greater than the force required to tear the lifting strip out of the blank at its tear lines. After lifting the first item and removing it, a strong jerk is required on the lifting strip to tear it off.
- a further wall section can be provided on the blank, through which the tear lines extend. This further wall section then forms a wall in the erected cut which lies opposite the wall formed by the third wall section.
- These two last-mentioned walls can be, for example, a bottom wall and a cover wall opposite this.
- the third wall section for example the floor
- the lifting strip can have a handle for easier lifting.
- This handle can be a tearable part of the blank itself. This simplifies the manufacture of the blank and simplifies the opening of the packaging or the packaging element and the lifting of the objects in that only a single handle is required for this.
- the tear lines can be curved or straight lines. They can diverge or converge in whole or in part. Convergent-divergent sections can also be provided, especially under the objects. A zigzag shape is also possible. In particular, the fold lines can run parallel to one another.
- a versatile geometric shape of the blank is formed in that the tear lines extend perpendicular to the fold lines, between the wall sections penetrated by the tear lines.
- the tear lines run parallel to the side edges of the blank.
- the tear lines can be arranged in the middle or laterally offset, depending on the intended use of the packaging or the packaging element.
- the cut for a packaging element such as.
- a packaging element such as.
- an inner casing of a packaging it may be expedient to attach the inner casing to the outer packaging in such a way that the removal strip can be torn out without problems.
- the lifting strip it should be ensured that the inner casing remains in the packaging and is not pulled out of the outer packaging by a pull on the lifting strip.
- the blank can then advantageously have adhesion points, such as glue points.
- the third wall section can form a bottom of the packaging or of the packaging element after the blank has been erected.
- the two other wall sections through which the lifting strip extends then form side walls, for example a front or rear wall.
- the blank can also advantageously be provided for an inner casing of a package that completely surrounds the objects and which has an upper part that can be torn off along a tear line to expose the upper ends of the objects.
- the removable upper part of the inner casing can be formed in one piece with the lifting strip. This advantageously means that when the upper part of the inner shell is removed, at least one of the objects is automatically pushed up by the lifting strip before the removable upper part with the lifting strip is completely removed from the packaging. After the usual opening of the packaging, it is possible, for example, to grasp a cigarette in a cigarette pack by the mouthpiece without difficulty and to pull it out completely.
- the width of the lifting strip ie the distance between the tear lines, is dimensioned, for example, according to the width of a predetermined number of adjacent, rod-shaped objects which are to be pulled out when the lifting strip is torn off.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a blank for a parallelepiped packaging or a parallelepiped packaging element
- 3 is a plan view of a blank with a different geometry
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective illustration of a cigarette packet designed as a hard pack with the lid opened and the front upper part pulled out, the middle cigarettes being pushed forward relative to the others.
- FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a further staniol cut for a cigarette pack
- FIG. 8 shows a perspective illustration of a soft pack with cigarettes pushed out
- FIG. 9 is a top view of the stanol blank for the soft pack shown in FIG. 8.
- Fig. 1 shows the essential elements of a blank A for packaging or a packaging element. From a blank of this type, in which the sections for the side wall and cover wall are omitted, a packaging can be produced which directly receives the objects. However, it is also possible to produce a packaging element from this blank, which then forms an inner shell, which in turn is seated in an outer packaging.
- the part of the blank A shown in FIG. 1 has a wall section 1.
- By fold lines 2 of this wall section is further Wandungsabschnit ⁇ th 3 »4, respectively.
- the wall sections 3j 4 form mutually opposite walls which are separated by the wall which is formed by the wall section 1 of the blank A.
- the wall section 1 can form a floor section.
- the wall sections 3 > 4 form the front or rear side of the packaging or the packaging element.
- the wall portion 1 in the erected state of the blank A forms a seewan ⁇ dung, again forming the wall sections 3 »4 front and back sides. In this case, the packaging opening cannot be on the top but on the side. to be in order.
- tear lines 6, 7 run through this wall section 4, cross the fold line 2 and then run into the wall section 1.
- the tear lines 6, 7 run through this wall section 1 and cross the other fold line 2 between the wall section 1 and the wall section 3.
- these tear lines 6, 7 end at a predetermined distance from the wall section 3 Folding line 2 between the wall section 3 and the wall section 1.
- These tear lines 6, 7 delimit a tear-out lifting strip 5 "The lifting strip 5 ends in the wall section 3 at an articulation point 8 for this lifting strip 5"
- This lifting strip 5 can have a handle 9.
- the blank A shown in FIG. 1 is erected and the wall section 1 forms a bottom section
- objects can stand on this bottom section in the packaging formed by this blank A.
- These objects can be rod-shaped, such as cigarettes.
- the handle 9 can be grasped and the lifting strip 5 can be pulled out of the wall sections 1, 3 ? By pulling along the tear lines 6, 7 ? 4 ripped out and bent around the articulation point 8. Objects are lifted out of the packaging.
- the articulation point 8 can also be torn out.
- a further tear line, as shown at 6a can be provided in the region of the articulation point 8. The formation of the tear line 6a is such that the force required to tear out the articulation point 8 is greater than that which must be used to tear the tear lines 6, 7 open.
- Detention places 5 may be provided. These adhesive spots 5 can be adhesive spots and with these adhesive spots 5 h the erected blank A can then be glued in the outer pack. This makes it easy to tear out the lifting strip 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a blank A from which a parallelepipedic packaging or a parallelepipedic packaging element can be produced.
- the material of this blank A can be staniol.
- This blank A has a wall section 14, a front wall section 15 and a rear wall section 16.
- the mutually associated side sections 17 and 18 are each superimposed in the folded state.
- the tear lines 6, 7 are designed in such a way that the lifting strip 5 has a section 5 which extends through the wall section 20 and a section 5h ' which extends through the front wall section 15.
- the section 5b of the lifting strip 5 extends through the wall section 14 and the section 5e into the rear wall section 16.
- the handle 9 is used to grasp the lifting strip
- FIG 3 shows a blank A with a different geometry. Again, front and rear wall sections 15j 1 are provided. Between these front and rear wall sections 15, 16, however, is not the wall section 14 forming the bottom, but a side section 18.
- the wall section 14 is in two parts and has the wall sections la, lb, which are connected to the assigned wall sections via fold lines 2.
- the lift-out strip 5 consists of several parts and sections 5d, 5c of the lift-out strip 5y the lb cut in the Wandungsab ⁇ and la the blank A run, have traps 5f> 5g "for example splices on.
- the upright lifting strip 5 can be connected to a whole when erecting or after erecting the blank A.
- a hard pack 10 is shown.
- the hinged lid 11 is open and the collar insert 10a is exposed. Some cigarettes 12 are shown in the advanced position.
- An inner casing is shown as the packaging element, which surrounds the cigarettes 12, namely a stanol wrap 13, the cut of which is shown in FIG. 5.
- a stanol cut is parpier-coated and is formed from a glue-laminated aluminum foil. After erecting the blank, the paper coating is on the inside.
- This blank has a wall section 14 which forms the bottom of the inner shell, a wall section 15 ' which forms a front wall and a wall section 16 which forms a rear wall.
- the side sections 17 j 18 are folded over one another and form side walls.
- the wall sections 19, 20 overlap one another in the closed state of the packaging.
- the wall section 20 is on the outside.
- the stanol wrap 13 is fastened by means of three adhesive points 37, 38, 39 in the outer packaging.
- the cigarettes 12d, 12c shown in FIG. 4 and lying next to the lifting strip 29 can also be taken along by frictional engagement.
- the tear-off strip 29 has been torn off, the packing density is loosened in such a way that the other cigarettes 12 can be easily removed.
- the removable upper part 22 shown with hatching is designed as a separate blank 13b.
- the adhesive points 6 ⁇ a for connecting these parts are located at the end of the lifting strip 29 and at the separate blank 13b.
- FIG. 7 shows a stanol blank 41, the geometry of which is rotated by 90 compared to the geometry of the stanol blank shown in FIG. 5.
- the wall sections 47, 8 and 42a, 42b, 45 of this stanol cut 1 'Di wall sections 42a, 42b form the bottom.
- a wall section 43 is provided, which forms the front wall and a wall section 44, which forms the rear wall and also a wall section 45, which forms a side wall.
- the wall sections 46 then form the opposite side wall.
- the removable upper part 49 is part of the front wall section 43 and the wall sections 46, 45 and also includes the wall section 48. This removable upper part 49 is delimited by tear lines 50, 51, which are cut lines with web sections 5-57.
- the removal strip 58 which is delimited by tear lines 59, 60, is formed integrally with the removable upper part 49.
- the tear lines 59, 60 are cut lines with web sections 6l-64. These tear lines 59, 60 extend into the wall section 42.
- tear lines 66, 67 are formed in the wall section 42b and in the wall section 44, which delimit a section 58 of the lifting strip 58.
- This lifting strip 58 ends at an articulation point which is formed by a tear line 65b and by web sections 65a.
- adhesive points 68, 69 are provided which, when erected and folded up, make a whole out of the sections of the lifting strip 58.
- the stanol wrap can be fixed in an outer cover by means of gluing points 70 - 72.
- FIG. 9 shows a stanol wrap 13 'which is used as an inner shell in the soft pack 40.
- This stanol wrap 13 ' has a wall section 14' which forms the bottom, a wall section 15 'which forms the front wall and a wall section 16' which forms the rear wall.
- Wall sections 17 ', 18' are provided which form the side walls.
- Wall sections 19 ', 20' are also provided to form the upper closure.
- the geometry of the stanol wrap 13 ' corresponds in terms of the walls to the stanol wrap 13 shown in FIG. 4.
- This removable upper part 2 ' is formed integrally with the lifting strip 29' which extends through the wall sections 15 ', 14' and into the wall section 16 '.
- the articulation point 36 ' which can be torn off. is the tear line 36 'a and the web portions 21'.
- a further section line 40a with a web section 40b extends, as shown, through the wall section 18 'of the stanol wrap 13' and into the wall section 16 '. It is easy to see that this design uses the principle of the lifting strip integrated in the blank in the case of packaging in which removal is to take place in a corner.
- connection between the removable upper part and the lifting strip is such that when a sufficient force is applied to the upper part, this connection is separated, after pulling out the lifting strip in its area cigarettes have been pushed out.
- the lifting strip remains in the opened packaging, since its articulation point is stronger than the connection to the removable upper part. The lifting strip is pushed back into the packaging when the cigarettes that have not been removed and moved are pushed back into the packaging.
- the hinged lid of the hard pack 10 can be connected to the adjacent end of the lifting strip. So that the lifting strip does not hinder removal of the advanced cigarettes, the upper end of the lifting strip is designed in a fork-shaped manner in the region of the removable upper part. When opening the hinged cover 11, the lifting strip is pulled upwards, as already explained.
- the removable upper part is provided with tear lines designed in such a way that when the hinged lid 11 is opened, the cigarettes pushed through the removable upper part so that they are exposed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
Abstract
Conformément à la présente invention, une bande de soulèvement (5) est formée dans la piece découpée (a) de telle manière que des lignes de déchirement parallèles (6, 7) traversent trois segments de paroi contigus (1, 3, 4) de la pièce découpée (A). Les lignes de déchirement (6, 7) se terminent dans un segment de paroi (3) à un point d'articulation (8). Ces lignes de déchirement (6, 7) délimitent une bande de soulèvement (5) pouvant être arrachée dans l'emballage fini et sur laquelle une traction peut être exercée de manière à la plier autour du point d'articulation (8). Des objets peuvent ainsi être retirés de l'emballage par la bande de soulèvement (5).According to the present invention, a lifting strip (5) is formed in the cutout (a) in such a way that parallel tear lines (6, 7) pass through three contiguous wall segments (1, 3, 4) of the cut piece (A). The tear lines (6, 7) end in a wall segment (3) at an articulation point (8). These tear lines (6, 7) define a lifting strip (5) which can be torn off from the finished package and on which traction can be exerted so as to bend it around the point of articulation (8). Objects can thus be removed from the packaging by the lifting strip (5).
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84902442T ATE41397T1 (en) | 1983-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | CUTTING FOR PARALLELEPEDIC PACKAGING OR PACKAGING ELEMENTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19838316646 DE8316646U1 (en) | 1983-06-04 | 1983-06-04 | Package for wrapping similar objects |
DE8316646U | 1983-06-04 | ||
DE19843410217 DE3410217A1 (en) | 1983-06-04 | 1984-03-16 | CUTTING FOR PARALLEL EPIPEDIC PACKAGING OR PACKING ELEMENTS |
DE3410217 | 1984-03-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0147447A1 true EP0147447A1 (en) | 1985-07-10 |
EP0147447B1 EP0147447B1 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
Family
ID=25819532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84902442A Expired EP0147447B1 (en) | 1983-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Blank for parallelepiped packages or package elements |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4664310A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0147447B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3060884A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3410217A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1984004907A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR8604223A (en) * | 1985-09-04 | 1987-04-28 | Focke & Co | PARALLELEPIPEDO PACKAGING FOR CIGARETTES OR SIMILAR PRODUCTS |
US4850716A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1989-07-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Remotely detectable sterilization monitor |
DE3806818A1 (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1989-09-14 | Focke & Co | CIGARETTE PACK, IN PARTICULAR FOLDING BOX |
DE3806819A1 (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1989-09-14 | Focke & Co | CIGARETTE PACK, IN PARTICULAR FOLDING BOX |
DE3839553A1 (en) * | 1988-11-24 | 1990-05-31 | Focke & Co | CIGARETTE PACK, IN PARTICULAR FOLDING BOX |
DE3904233A1 (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1990-08-16 | Schmermund Maschf Alfred | Internal paper blank for a hinged-lid box for cigarettes |
AU621639B2 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1992-03-19 | Amcor Limited | A container |
EP0393648A1 (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-10-24 | Karl Robert Kranemann | Package for cigarettes or the like |
DE4040607A1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1991-09-26 | Matthias Winsel | Draw tab for cigarette packs - is conically tapered for staggered removal of several cigarettes |
EP0567241B1 (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1997-07-09 | Tobacco Research and Development Institute Limited | Lifting strip for cigarette packet |
WO1994001331A1 (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1994-01-20 | Madoni S.A. | Container for several objects |
ATE407075T1 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2008-09-15 | Sca Hygiene Prod Ab | ARRANGEMENT FOR REMOVAL OF AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE FROM A STACK OF ABSORBENT ARTICLES |
DE102008047773A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 | 2010-04-15 | Focke & Co.(Gmbh & Co. Kg) | Pack of cigarettes and method and apparatus for making same |
US20100116874A1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-13 | Gary Herbert Carmichael | Easy Opening Feature for a Taped Carton and Method Thereof |
EP2746190A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH | Device for offering at least one of a plurality of cigarettes contained in a package |
EP3166869B2 (en) † | 2014-07-10 | 2022-06-22 | G.D Societa' Per Azioni | Soft packet of cigarettes provided with a closing stamp |
USD778150S1 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2017-02-07 | Maui Kahawaiolaa | Cigarette package |
EP3313754B1 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2019-08-07 | Philip Morris Products S.a.s. | Container for consumer goods with sliding portion |
DE102015014078A1 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-04 | Focke & Co. (Gmbh & Co. Kg) | cigarette pack |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB412655A (en) * | 1933-01-19 | 1934-07-05 | George Hill | Improvements in or relating to packets or cartons for cigarettes and the like |
DE676480C (en) * | 1935-04-09 | 1939-06-05 | Freiburger Kartonnagenfabrik E | Pack with tear-off device for stumps u. like |
US2047090A (en) * | 1935-06-18 | 1936-07-07 | Walter M Woolfson | Cigar box |
GB642831A (en) * | 1947-12-16 | 1950-09-13 | James Gagg | Improvements in or relating to cigarette packets or boxes |
FR1030996A (en) * | 1951-01-15 | 1953-06-18 | New advertising process and implementation devices | |
DE964397C (en) * | 1952-04-03 | 1957-05-23 | Guenter Wunderling Dr Med Dent | Soft cigarette pack with lifter |
US2801769A (en) * | 1954-09-13 | 1957-08-06 | Fund Del Inc | Cigarette pull tab ejector and the like packages |
NL103533C (en) * | 1955-09-16 | |||
US3107817A (en) * | 1960-05-31 | 1963-10-22 | American Mach & Foundry | Cigarette package with a cigarette ejector |
US3108711A (en) * | 1961-07-19 | 1963-10-29 | Evan J Anton | Cigarette package with an ejector strip for each cigarette |
US3379364A (en) * | 1966-07-07 | 1968-04-23 | Reynolds Metals Co | Package means |
SE362051B (en) * | 1968-03-19 | 1973-11-26 | Akerlund & Rausing Ab | |
DE2833389C2 (en) * | 1978-07-29 | 1983-11-10 | Focke & Co, 2810 Verden | Cuboid pack for cigarettes, cigarillos or the like. |
-
1984
- 1984-03-16 DE DE19843410217 patent/DE3410217A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-06-04 EP EP84902442A patent/EP0147447B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-04 AU AU30608/84A patent/AU3060884A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-06-04 DE DE8484902442T patent/DE3477181D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-04 WO PCT/DE1984/000126 patent/WO1984004907A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-06-04 US US06/705,468 patent/US4664310A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8404907A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3410217A1 (en) | 1984-12-06 |
WO1984004907A1 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
DE3477181D1 (en) | 1989-04-20 |
US4664310A (en) | 1987-05-12 |
AU3060884A (en) | 1985-01-04 |
EP0147447B1 (en) | 1989-03-15 |
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Legal Events
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