EP0124678B1 - Gasket of rubber-elastic material insertable in a circumferential groove - Google Patents
Gasket of rubber-elastic material insertable in a circumferential groove Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0124678B1 EP0124678B1 EP83890231A EP83890231A EP0124678B1 EP 0124678 B1 EP0124678 B1 EP 0124678B1 EP 83890231 A EP83890231 A EP 83890231A EP 83890231 A EP83890231 A EP 83890231A EP 0124678 B1 EP0124678 B1 EP 0124678B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ring
- sealing
- sealing ring
- annular groove
- groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
- F16L17/02—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket
- F16L17/025—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket the sealing rings having radially directed ribs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/02—Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings
- F16L21/03—Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings placed in the socket before connection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/06—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end
- F16L47/08—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end with sealing rings arranged between the outer surface of one pipe end and the inner surface of the sleeve or socket, the sealing rings being placed previously in the sleeve or socket
- F16L47/10—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end with sealing rings arranged between the outer surface of one pipe end and the inner surface of the sleeve or socket, the sealing rings being placed previously in the sleeve or socket the sealing rings being maintained in place by additional means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sealing ring made of rubber-elastic material for insertion into an annular groove of a pipe end sleeve or a fitting for plastic sewage pipes and similar lines without pressure or exposed to only slight pressure loads.
- sealing rings of the type in question are predominantly designed as cord seals or O-rings. They are carried loosely until the pipes or fittings are laid and only inserted into the ring grooves immediately before the components mentioned are assembled into parts of sewage pipes, etc. It must be ensured that sealing rings with a suitable diameter are used. Relatively soft sealing rings are mainly used. These often do not fit sufficiently into the ring groove, i.e. H. they come out of the ring groove in whole or in part before the pipe end is inserted into the sleeve provided with the ring groove. This prevents the pipe end and socket from being plugged together and is cumbersome, or it can happen that the seal is pushed into the socket through the inserted pipe without coming into contact with the outside of the pipe. This often causes the sewage pipes to leak.
- the sewage pipes and the matching fittings are standardized components in which the dimensions of the ring grooves are also defined, at least with regard to the minimum sizes.
- the insertion of the sealing rings requires an additional process step here, so that the total manufacturing expenditure is increased and in particular the insertion of the sealing rings is only possible in production facilities for the pipe end sleeves and fittings which have been prepared in-house.
- Sealing rings of the type in question represent pronounced mass articles that are required in very large numbers every day. Overall, any improvement in the properties of use requires significant progress.
- a sealing ring is known from DE-A-2 925 415, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the object of the invention is to provide a sealing ring of the type mentioned, which can be attached with simple means and is held securely in the ring groove, so that it is not lost during transport and is in the correct sealing position during use.
- the object is achieved in that the shape of the part of the sealing ring intended for insertion into the ring groove is adapted to the ring groove and has a receiving groove at a distance from its outer flanks, which receives a clamping ring.
- the shape of the sealing ring is thus adapted to the ring groove, so that it can be used from the outset.
- the clamping ring complements the form-fitting hold, which the sealing ring already receives from its original shape, with a non-positive hold, whereby the seal is additionally tensioned and captively held in the correct position in the ring groove.
- the sealing ring can thus be used at any time from the manufacture of the pipe end sleeves or fittings and is not lost during transport.
- Two inward-pointing sealing lips start from the groove flanks of the receiving groove. These sealing lips are also tensioned by the clamping ring used and are held against greater deflection in the insertion direction of the tube, so that a good contact of the sealing lips with the respectively inserted tube is ensured.
- sealing lips each have a sawtooth-like cross section.
- the ring is or the like against the insertion of the sleeve. facing oblique flanks of the sawtooth-like cross-section sealing lips arranged, whereby the insertion of the tubes is facilitated. Both sealing lips are preloaded and held in place by the common clamping ring.
- the clamping ring is closed. Its interior light is equal to or greater than the light range of the sleeve or fitting.
- the clamping ring can also be designed as a slotted spring expansion ring. As already mentioned, it is important that the part of the sealing ring intended for insertion in the ring groove is form-fittingly adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the ring groove, so that it fills the ring groove with the clamping ring.
- an end sleeve of a sewage pipe with an inserted sealing ring is shown in section as an exemplary embodiment.
- a waste water pipe 1 made of plastic has at one end a one-piece molded sleeve 2, in which a mostly standardized annular groove 3 or bead is provided, to which a pipe extension 4 connects to the sleeve end.
- An end sleeve of a fitting for such waste water pipes would basically have the same structure.
- a sealing ring 5 is inserted into the ring groove 3.
- This has an outer part 6, which is positively adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the ring groove 3, so that it fills the ring groove.
- two sealing lips 7, 8 protrude inward from the ring groove 3 over the light width of the sleeve 2, which have a sawtooth-like cross section and thus have 4 oblique flanks pointing towards the sleeve end.
- a clamping ring 10 is inserted, the light width is kept equal to or larger than the inner diameter of the sleeve 2. This clamping ring holds the sealing ring 5 in the ring groove 3 and at the same time clamps the ring part 6 and the sealing lips 7, 8.
- a self-locking clamping ring 10 with a round cross section was shown.
- Other cross-sectional shapes are also possible, for example a rectangular or square cross-section.
- the ring 10 can be self-contained or can be designed as a slotted spring expansion ring.
- the groove 9 is open to the inside.
- the ring 10 could also be worked captively into the sealing ring 5. It is possible to manufacture the ring 10 from metal or plastic.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Joints With Sleeves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dichtungsring aus gummielastischem Material zum Einlegen in eine Ringrille einer Rohrendmuffe oder eines Fittings für Kunststoff-Abwasserleitungen und ähnliche drucklose oder nur geringen Druckbelastungen ausgesetzte Leitungen.The invention relates to a sealing ring made of rubber-elastic material for insertion into an annular groove of a pipe end sleeve or a fitting for plastic sewage pipes and similar lines without pressure or exposed to only slight pressure loads.
Bekannte Dichtungsringe der gegenständlichen Art sind vorwiegend als Schnurdichtungen oder O-Ringe ausgebildet. Sie werden bis zur Verlegung der Rohre bzw. Fittinge lose mitgeführt und erst unmittelbar vor dem Zusammensetzen der genannten Bauteile zu Teilen von Abwasserleitungen usw. in die Ringrillen eingelegt. Dabei muss darauf geachtet werden, dass jeweils Dichtungsringe passenden Durchmessers verwendet werden. Vorwiegend werden verhältnismässig weiche Dichtungsringe verwendet. Diese passen sich häufig nicht ausreichend in die Ringrille ein, d. h. sie treten schon vor dem Einführen des Rohrendes in die mit der Ringrille versehene Muffe ganz oder teilweise aus der Ringrille aus. Dadurch wird das Zusammenstecken von Rohrende und Muffe behindert und mühsam bzw. es kommt vor, dass die Dichtung durch das eingeführte Rohr in die Muffe hineingeschoben wird, ohne zur Anlage auf der Rohraussenseite zu kommen. Dadurch kommt es häufig zu einem Lecken der Abwasserrohre.Known sealing rings of the type in question are predominantly designed as cord seals or O-rings. They are carried loosely until the pipes or fittings are laid and only inserted into the ring grooves immediately before the components mentioned are assembled into parts of sewage pipes, etc. It must be ensured that sealing rings with a suitable diameter are used. Relatively soft sealing rings are mainly used. These often do not fit sufficiently into the ring groove, i.e. H. they come out of the ring groove in whole or in part before the pipe end is inserted into the sleeve provided with the ring groove. This prevents the pipe end and socket from being plugged together and is cumbersome, or it can happen that the seal is pushed into the socket through the inserted pipe without coming into contact with the outside of the pipe. This often causes the sewage pipes to leak.
Die Abwasserrohre und auch die passenden Fittinge stellen genormte Bauteile dar, bei denen auch die Abmessungen der Ringrillen zumindest hinsichtlich der Mindestgrössen festgelegt sind. Um einen ordnungsgemässen Sitz der Dichtungen zu erzielen, wurde es schon vorgeschlagen, die Dichtungsringe bei der Fertigung der Muffen bzw. Fittinge in die zunächst nur vorgeformten Ringrillen einzulegen und dann erst die Ringrillen in die Endform zu bringen, wobei die Dichtungsringe festgeklemmt werden. Das Einlegen der Dichtungsringe erfordert hier allerdings eine zusätzliche Verfahrensstufe, so dass der gesamte Herstellungsaufwand erhöht und insbesondere das Einlegen der Dichtungsringe nur in von Haus entsprechend vorbereiteten Fertigungsanlagen für die Rohrendmuffen und Fittinge möglich wird.The sewage pipes and the matching fittings are standardized components in which the dimensions of the ring grooves are also defined, at least with regard to the minimum sizes. In order to achieve a proper seating of the seals, it has already been proposed to insert the sealing rings into the initially only pre-shaped ring grooves during the manufacture of the sleeves or fittings and only then to bring the ring grooves into the final shape, the sealing rings being clamped tight. However, the insertion of the sealing rings requires an additional process step here, so that the total manufacturing expenditure is increased and in particular the insertion of the sealing rings is only possible in production facilities for the pipe end sleeves and fittings which have been prepared in-house.
Dichtungsringe der gegenständlichen Art stellen ausgesprochene Massenartikel dar, die täglich in sehr grossen Stückzahlen benötigt werden. Jede Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften bedingt also insgesamt gesehen einen bedeutenden Fortschritt.Sealing rings of the type in question represent pronounced mass articles that are required in very large numbers every day. Overall, any improvement in the properties of use requires significant progress.
Aus der DE-A-2 925 415 ist ein Dichtungsring bekannt, der die Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.A sealing ring is known from DE-A-2 925 415, which has the features of the preamble of
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Dichtungsringes der genannten Art, der mit einfachen Mitteln angebracht werden kann und sicher in der Ringrille gehalten wird, so dass er beim Transport nicht verlorengeht und sich beim Gebrauch in der richtigen Dichtungsstellung befindet.The object of the invention is to provide a sealing ring of the type mentioned, which can be attached with simple means and is held securely in the ring groove, so that it is not lost during transport and is in the correct sealing position during use.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass der für die Einlage in die Ringrille bestimmte Teil des Dichtungsringes in seiner Form an die Ringrille angepasst ist und im Abstand von seinen Aussenflanken eine Aufnahmenut aufweist, die einen Spannring aufnimmt.The object is achieved in that the shape of the part of the sealing ring intended for insertion into the ring groove is adapted to the ring groove and has a receiving groove at a distance from its outer flanks, which receives a clamping ring.
Erfindungsgemäss wird somit der Dichtungsring in seiner Form an die Ringrille angepasst, so dass er von vornherein eingesetzt werden kann. Durch den Spannring wird der formschlüssige Halt, den der Dichtungsring schon durch seine ursprüngliche Form erhält, durch einen kraftschlüssigen Halt ergänzt, wobei die Dichtung zusätzlich gespannt und unverlierbar in der richtigen Lage in der Ringrille festgehalten wird. Der Dichtungsring kann somit ab der Fertigung der Rohrendmuffen bzw. Fittinge zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt eingesetzt werden und geht auch beim Transport nicht verloren.According to the invention, the shape of the sealing ring is thus adapted to the ring groove, so that it can be used from the outset. The clamping ring complements the form-fitting hold, which the sealing ring already receives from its original shape, with a non-positive hold, whereby the seal is additionally tensioned and captively held in the correct position in the ring groove. The sealing ring can thus be used at any time from the manufacture of the pipe end sleeves or fittings and is not lost during transport.
Es gehen von den Nutflanken der Aufnahmenut zwei nach innen gerichtete Dichtlippen aus. Auch diese Dichtlippen werden durch den eingesetzten Spannring gespannt und gegen stärkeres Ausweichen im Einschiebesinn des Rohres festgehalten, so dass eine gute Anlage der Dichtlippen am jeweils eingeführten Rohr gewährleistet ist.Two inward-pointing sealing lips start from the groove flanks of the receiving groove. These sealing lips are also tensioned by the clamping ring used and are held against greater deflection in the insertion direction of the tube, so that a good contact of the sealing lips with the respectively inserted tube is ensured.
Ein besonders vorteilhaftes Merkmal der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Dichtlippen je einen sägezahnartigen Querschnitt haben.A particularly advantageous feature of the invention is that the sealing lips each have a sawtooth-like cross section.
Der Ring wird mit gegen das Einführende der Muffe od.dgl. weisenden Schrägflanken der den sägezahnartigen Querschnitt aufweisenden Dichtlippen angeordnet, wodurch das Einführen der Rohre erleichtert wird. Beide Dichtlippen werden durch den gemeinsamen Spannring vorgespannt und festgehalten.The ring is or the like against the insertion of the sleeve. facing oblique flanks of the sawtooth-like cross-section sealing lips arranged, whereby the insertion of the tubes is facilitated. Both sealing lips are preloaded and held in place by the common clamping ring.
Nach einer Möglichkeit ist der Spannring in sich geschlossen. Seine Innenlichte ist gleich oder grösser als die Lichtweite der Muffe bzw. des Fittings gehalten. Man kann den Spannring aber auch als geschlitzten Federspreizring ausbilden. Wie schon erwähnt ist es wichtig, dass der für die Einlage in die Ringrille bestimmte Teil des Dichtungsringes formschlüssig an die Querschnittsform der Ringrille angepasst ist, so dass er mit dem Spannring die Ringrille ausfüllt.If possible, the clamping ring is closed. Its interior light is equal to or greater than the light range of the sleeve or fitting. The clamping ring can also be designed as a slotted spring expansion ring. As already mentioned, it is important that the part of the sealing ring intended for insertion in the ring groove is form-fittingly adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the ring groove, so that it fills the ring groove with the clamping ring.
In der Zeichnung ist als Ausführungsbeispiel eine Endmuffe eines Abwasserrohres mit einem eingesetzten Dichtungsring im Schnitt dargestellt.In the drawing, an end sleeve of a sewage pipe with an inserted sealing ring is shown in section as an exemplary embodiment.
Ein aus Kunststoff hergestelltes Abwasserrohr 1 besitzt am einen Ende eine einteilig angeformte Muffe 2, in der eine meist genormte Ringrille 3 oder -sicke vorgesehen ist, an die zum Muffenende hin ein Rohransatz 4 anschliesst. Eine Endmuffe eines Fittings für solche Abwasserrohre hätte prinzipiell den gleichen Aufbau.A
In die Ringrille 3 ist ein Dichtungsring 5 eingesetzt. Dieser besitzt einen Aussenteil 6, der formschlüssig an die Querschnittsform der Ringrille 3 angepasst ist, so dass er die Ringrille ausfüllt. Nach innen ragen bei eingesetztem Dichtungsring 5 aus der Ringrille 3 zwei Dichtungslippen 7, 8 über die Lichtweite der Muffe 2 vor, die einen sägezahnartigen Querschnitt und damit zum Muffenende 4 weisende Schrägflanken aufweisen. In eine zwischen den Dichtlippen 7, 8 gebildete Nut 9 ist ein Spannring 10 eingesetzt, dessen Lichtweite gleich oder grösser als der Innendurchmesser der Muffe 2 gehalten ist. Dieser Spannring hält den Dichtungsring 5 in der Ringrille 3 fest und spannt gleichzeitig den Ringteil 6 und die Dichtlippen 7, 8.A sealing
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel wurde ein in sich geschlossener Spannring 10 mit rundem Querschnitt dargestellt. Es sind auch andere Querschnittsformen, beispielsweise ein rechteckiger oder quadratischer Querschnitt möglich. Der Ring 10 kann in sich geschlossen oder auch als geschlitzter Federspreizring ausgeführt sein. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Nut 9 nach innen offen. Der Ring 10 könnte auch unverlierbar in den Dichtungsring 5 eingearbeitet sein. Es ist eine Herstellung des Ringes 10 aus Metall oder Kunststoff möglich.In the exemplary embodiment, a self-locking
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT130383 | 1983-04-13 | ||
AT1303/83 | 1983-04-13 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0124678A1 EP0124678A1 (en) | 1984-11-14 |
EP0124678B1 true EP0124678B1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
EP0124678B2 EP0124678B2 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
Family
ID=3510967
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83890231A Expired - Lifetime EP0124678B2 (en) | 1983-04-13 | 1983-12-22 | Gasket of rubber-elastic material insertable in a circumferential groove |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0124678B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE38711T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3378489D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3535507A1 (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-04-09 | Gummi Kunststofftechnik Gkt | Sealing ring consisting of elastomeric material |
SE463888B (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1991-02-04 | Stifab Plaat Ab | SEALING MEASURES FOR SPARES BETWEEN PUTS AND SPARES, AS WELL AS ASTADCOMMATING SUCH SPIRIT SEALS |
DE4136519C1 (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-01-14 | Appel Gmbh, 6970 Lauda-Koenigshofen, De | Symmetrical sealing ring for sleeve corrugation - has shoulders adjacent to sealing lip, each with reduced inner dia. in direction away from lip |
DE4409218A1 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-21 | Hermann Muecher Gmbh | Seal for socket tube joint |
DE19718282A1 (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-05 | Johann Russ | Arrangement for connecting pipes |
FR2765303B1 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-08-20 | Hutchinson | DEVICE FOR SEALED CONNECTION OF A TUBE OR PIPE TO A TUBULAR END PIECE |
GB9716144D0 (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1997-10-08 | Glynwed Pipe Systems Ltd | Jointing ring and pipe joints incorporating the same |
AT409945B (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2002-12-27 | Schnallinger Helmuth | Thermoplastic pipe end with a sealing ring, is produced by placing the ring in a preformed inner wall groove and then shaping the groove to hold the seal in place |
KR100829952B1 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-05-19 | 주식회사 포스코 | Sealer with exchangeable sealing lip |
ES2352230T3 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2011-02-16 | Ln 2 - S.R.L. | EXTREME TELESCOPIC PIPE AND WITH ANTIDESCOUPLING FOR CONDENSATION BOILERS. |
DE102017106183B4 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2024-02-29 | Dieter Bächle | Plastic exhaust sleeve pipe and heating system |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1023729A (en) * | 1965-02-13 | 1966-03-23 | Hepworth Iron Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to pipe couplings |
DE1907641A1 (en) * | 1969-02-15 | 1970-09-03 | Atomenergie Ab | Sealing washers preventing leakage even - at temps above deformation point of |
DE2925412A1 (en) * | 1979-06-23 | 1981-01-08 | Forsheda Gummifabrik Ab | Sealing ring for pipe joint - has inward projection which cooperates with stiff retainer ring to hold sealing ring still while inner pipe is inserted |
US4343480A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-08-10 | Vassallo Efrain D | Pipe bell and gasket |
-
1983
- 1983-12-22 DE DE8383890231T patent/DE3378489D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-22 AT AT83890231T patent/ATE38711T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-22 EP EP83890231A patent/EP0124678B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-12-23 DE DE19838337150U patent/DE8337150U1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0124678A1 (en) | 1984-11-14 |
DE8337150U1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
DE3378489D1 (en) | 1988-12-22 |
EP0124678B2 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
ATE38711T1 (en) | 1988-12-15 |
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