EP0101350B1 - Method and device for pulling out a shuttering at the realization of an underground cast wall - Google Patents

Method and device for pulling out a shuttering at the realization of an underground cast wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0101350B1
EP0101350B1 EP83401474A EP83401474A EP0101350B1 EP 0101350 B1 EP0101350 B1 EP 0101350B1 EP 83401474 A EP83401474 A EP 83401474A EP 83401474 A EP83401474 A EP 83401474A EP 0101350 B1 EP0101350 B1 EP 0101350B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shuttering element
implement
panel
shaped parts
wings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83401474A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0101350A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Dupeuble
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bachy Sa
Soletanche Bachy France
Original Assignee
SIF ENTREPRISE BACHY
Sondages Injections Forages SIF Enterprise Bachy
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Priority to AT83401474T priority Critical patent/ATE19803T1/en
Publication of EP0101350A1 publication Critical patent/EP0101350A1/en
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Publication of EP0101350B1 publication Critical patent/EP0101350B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/182—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ using formworks to separate sections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and device for extracting a formwork in the context of producing a wall molded in the ground.
  • the walls molded into the ground are executed in a conventional manner by elementary panels, either alternating or successive.
  • the ground side is generally put in place, that is to say at the two ends of the primary panels in the case of an embodiment by alternating panels, at only one end of the panels in in the case of an embodiment by successive panels, a formwork making it possible to obtain a generally concave footprint over the entire height of the concrete panel.
  • the next panel is then excavated and concreted against the cavity thus formed, of course after removal of the formwork, which makes it possible to obtain a geometrically well defined joint.
  • the forms used to date have cross sections of various shapes, the simplest of which is a circle. They can be classified into two radically different types of implementation.
  • Formwork of the first type used very generally, is intended to be extracted as sliding formwork, that is to say by traction in the direction of their length. It is therefore imperative to extract them before the concrete has set completely, otherwise the adhesion forces are much too considerable to hope for a tearing off under these conditions, but nevertheless after a start of stiffening of the concrete to avoid sagging of this last in the vacuum resulting from the extraction of the tube. It is understandable that the choice of the favorable moment for this extraction is always difficult because it depends on many factors of variable importance (nature and dosage of the cement, temperature, speed of concreting, etc.).
  • the empty volume left at the end of the panel by the extraction of the formwork facilitates the execution of the excavation of the following consecutive panel.
  • the excavation tool naturally guides itself in the empty volume thus reserved, guaranteeing the geometric continuity of the wall. It can thus even remove without major difficulties areas of concrete that may have been able to bypass the formwork due to geometric irregularities of the excavation in which the panel previously made was molded.
  • Formwork of the second type also makes it possible to obtain a generally concave footprint over the entire height of the concrete panel, but is not removed like slippery formwork before the concrete has set completely.
  • a formwork of this second type is left in place until the latter is taken and the following consecutive panel is excavated until it comes into contact.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method and device combining the advantages of the two types of formwork described above while not having the disadvantages, and going even further in the way of simplification of construction and use.
  • the invention is intended to be implemented with a formwork element comprising a profiled central part whose profile corresponds to the imprint, usually concave, which it is desired to impart to the end of the panel to be produced, and two wings located on either side of the central part.
  • the wings can also be flat or profiled.
  • the wings can form an angle with the faces of the central part or be located in the extension of these.
  • the invention also covers the tool used in the implementation of the method of the invention and defined above.
  • the body of the tool has at its lower part a blade scraping the non-concreted face of the formwork element, this blade may optionally include teeth.
  • This blade is to eliminate all the concrete packets which could have bypassed the formwork element during the casting of the panel. At the same time, it performs a possible recalibration role for the excavation where the next panel will be poured.
  • the threshing movement can be imparted to the tool by a winch which, in turn, lifts the latter and then lets it fall with all its weight.
  • the tool must have a large mass, for example at least one ton, to be effective. Most often, the tool will be made of steel. We can, if desired, incorporate a lead ballast.
  • the body shape of the tool is not critical. It can be solid or hollow (for example open at its upper and lower faces so as to allow the free passage of the excavated mud).
  • a threshing device with compressed air incorporated in the tool itself or use an auxiliary threshing device, such as a sheep striking the tool and gradually pushing it between the formwork element and concrete.
  • the body of the tool is constituted by the excavating bucket itself.
  • the grooves forming corners to allow the guidance of the bucket on the formwork element.
  • the bucket is used in the open position, the leading edge of the bucket of the bucket located on the side of the formwork element then playing the role of the optional scraping blade mentioned above.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a tool according to the invention, mounted on a formwork element.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2.
  • Figures 4a, 4b, 5, 6a and 6b illustrate schematically the implementation of the method of the invention in the context of the execution of a wall molded into the ground.
  • Figures 4a, 5 and 6a are elevational views in partial section while Figures 4b and 6b are views in horizontal section along lines b-b of Figures 4a and 6a, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 a formwork tool according to the invention.
  • This tool comprises a body 1, for example of solid steel, of a large mass (1 ton and more) and two lateral profiled parts 2 integral with the body and constituting vertical grooves which can be mounted and slide on the formwork element 3 , more particularly on the wings 4 thereof, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the width of the formwork element must be less than the width of the excavation so as to provide each bank a play of the order of 2 to 3 cm allowing the tool of the invention to slide.
  • the lower part of the body 1 is shaped so as to form a blade 5 which is in scraping contact with the face of the non-concreted formwork element.
  • the parts 2 forming the tool's guide grooves on the wings 4 are bevelled at their lower part so as to form shuttering corners 6.
  • the tool can be suspended from the cable of a winch by ears such as 7 provided at the upper part of the body.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show a wall molded into the ground during execution. More particularly, we see a panel P which has just been produced with the formwork element 3 still in place at its end. The excavation E into which the next panel will be poured has also been carried out, in a conventional manner, under bentonite mud (not shown) to avoid possible landslides. The height of the formwork element 3 is greater than the depth of the excavation so that it projects above the ground. A projection of the order of 1 to 2 meters is generally sufficient.
  • the formwork element 3 used has a convex body C so as to leave a concave imprint in the concrete of each panel.
  • a longitudinal slot provided in the body C allows the installation of a conventional seal J of the "water stop" type.
  • the tool of the invention When it is desired to extract the formwork element 3, the tool of the invention is mounted on the part of the element which projects above the ground, the wings 4 being engaged in the grooves 2 so that the tool can slide, with positive guidance, along the formwork element.
  • the tool is suspended from a winch by a cable 8, as shown.
  • a threshing action is imparted to the tool by lifting and letting fall with its full weight, alternatively, the tool.
  • the bevelled parts forming corners 6 are inserted between the concrete panel and the formwork element and cause the latter to become detached as the tool progresses towards the bottom of the trench.
  • the blade 5 destroys any concrete packets which could have bypassed the formwork element during the casting of the pan neau P, would not have already been eliminated during the excavation E, and could constitute a hindrance to the extraction of the formwork element.
  • This blade also allows possible recalibration of the excavation E if it had deviated a little from its theoretical position.
  • the formwork element When the tool reaches the bottom of the excavation, the formwork element is released over its entire height and can be extracted easily. Often, it is even necessary, before the end of the operation, to secure the formwork element on the surface by means of a cable, such as 9, to avoid an uncontrolled tilting of the latter in the excavation E.
  • the seal J does not run any risk of deterioration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for the withdrawal of a shuttering element (3) used in making a panel (P) of a wall moulded in the ground, said shuttering element comprising a shaped central portion whose outline corresponds to the pattern to be imparted to the end of the panel to be made, and two wings (4) extending on both sides of said central portion, characterized by the following steps : - providing such a shuttering element (3) which protrudes above the ground surface ; - fitting on the protruding portion of said shuttering element an implement comprising a body (1) and two shaped parts (2) forming side grooves which are slidable upon the wings of said shuttering element, the lower portion (6) of said shaped parts being bevelled so as to form a dismantling wedge ; - imparting a beating motion to the implement so as to force the wedge-shaped parts between the concreted panel and its shuttering element until their introduction therebetween ; and - pursuing said beating motion so as to drive the implement deeper and deeper until complete release of the shuttering element.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé et dispositif d'extraction d'un coffrage dans le cadre de la réalisation d'une paroi moulée dans le sol.The invention relates to a method and device for extracting a formwork in the context of producing a wall molded in the ground.

Les parois moulées dans le sol sont exécutées de façon classique par panneaux élémentaires, soit alternés, soit successifs.The walls molded into the ground are executed in a conventional manner by elementary panels, either alternating or successive.

Dans l'un et l'autre cas, on met en général en place côté terre, c'est-à-dire aux deux extrémités des panneaux primaires dans le cas d'une réalisation par panneaux alternés, à une seule extrémité des panneaux dans le cas d'une réalisation par panneaux successifs, un coffrage permettant d'obtenir une empreinte en général concave sur toute la hauteur du panneau bétonné. Le panneau suivant est ensuite excavé et bétonné contre l'empreinte ainsi ménagée, bien entendu après enlèvement du coffrage, ce qui permet d'obtenir un joint géométriquement bien défini. Les coffrages utilisés à ce jour présentent des sections transversales de formes diverses dont la plus simple est un cercle. On peut les classer en deux types de mise en oeuvre radicalement différente.In both cases, the ground side is generally put in place, that is to say at the two ends of the primary panels in the case of an embodiment by alternating panels, at only one end of the panels in in the case of an embodiment by successive panels, a formwork making it possible to obtain a generally concave footprint over the entire height of the concrete panel. The next panel is then excavated and concreted against the cavity thus formed, of course after removal of the formwork, which makes it possible to obtain a geometrically well defined joint. The forms used to date have cross sections of various shapes, the simplest of which is a circle. They can be classified into two radically different types of implementation.

Les coffrages du premier type, utilisés de façon très générale, sont prévus pour être extraits comme des coffrages glissants, c'est-à-dire par traction dans le sens de leur longueur. Il est donc impératif de les extraire avant la prise complète du béton, sinon les forces d'adhérence sont beaucoup trop considérables pour espérer un arrachement dans ces conditions, mais cependant après un début de rigidifica- tion du béton pour éviter l'affaissement de ce dernier dans le vide résultant de l'extraction du tube. On conçoit que le choix du moment favorable pour cette extraction soit toujours délicat car il dépend de nombreux facteurs d'importance variable (nature et dosage du ciment, température, vitesse de bétonnage, etc...).Formwork of the first type, used very generally, is intended to be extracted as sliding formwork, that is to say by traction in the direction of their length. It is therefore imperative to extract them before the concrete has set completely, otherwise the adhesion forces are much too considerable to hope for a tearing off under these conditions, but nevertheless after a start of stiffening of the concrete to avoid sagging of this last in the vacuum resulting from the extraction of the tube. It is understandable that the choice of the favorable moment for this extraction is always difficult because it depends on many factors of variable importance (nature and dosage of the cement, temperature, speed of concreting, etc.).

En outre, ce mode d'extraction, du fait qu'il est directement lié aux opérations de bétonnage, complique sérieusement l'organisation des chantiers, l'opération devant être impérativement menée à son terme sans interruption, quels que soient les incidents ou accidents pouvant survenir.In addition, this method of extraction, due to the fact that it is directly linked to concreting operations, seriously complicates the organization of construction sites, the operation having to be completed without interruption, whatever the incidents or accidents that may occur.

Enfin, les systèmes de coffrage glissant ne permettent pas la mise en oeuvre courante d'organes d'étanchéité complémentaires du type «water-stop» entre deux panneaux consécutifs, ces organes supportant mal l'extraction du coffrage qui les soumet à des contraintes de traction longitudinale et, par suite, à des risques de déchirement ou d'arrachement alors qu'ils sont à peine scellés dans un béton qui commence tout juste sa prise.Finally, the sliding formwork systems do not allow the current implementation of complementary sealing members of the “water-stop” type between two consecutive panels, these members poorly supporting the extraction of the formwork which subjects them to stresses of longitudinal traction and, as a result, at the risk of tearing or tearing when they are barely sealed in a concrete which is just beginning to set.

Par contre, le volume vide laissé à l'extrémité du panneau par l'extraction du coffrage facilite l'exécution de l'excavation du panneau consécutif suivant. En effet, l'outil d'excavation vient naturellement se guider dans le volume vide ainsi réservé garantissant la continuité géométrique de la paroi. Il peut même ainsi enlever sans difficultés majeures des zones de béton ayant éventuellement pu contourner le coffrage à la faveur d'irrégularités géométriques de l'excavation dans laquelle a été moulé le panneau précédemment réalisé.On the other hand, the empty volume left at the end of the panel by the extraction of the formwork facilitates the execution of the excavation of the following consecutive panel. Indeed, the excavation tool naturally guides itself in the empty volume thus reserved, guaranteeing the geometric continuity of the wall. It can thus even remove without major difficulties areas of concrete that may have been able to bypass the formwork due to geometric irregularities of the excavation in which the panel previously made was molded.

Les coffrages du deuxième type permettent également d'obtenir une empreinte en général concave sur toute la hauteur du panneau bétonné mais ne sont pas extraits comme les coffrages glissants avant la prise complète du béton. Un coffrage de ce deuxième type est laissé en place jusqu'à la prise de ce dernier et l'excavation du panneau consécutif suivant est réalisée jusqu'à son contact.Formwork of the second type also makes it possible to obtain a generally concave footprint over the entire height of the concrete panel, but is not removed like slippery formwork before the concrete has set completely. A formwork of this second type is left in place until the latter is taken and the following consecutive panel is excavated until it comes into contact.

Il est ensuite décoffré par déplacement latéral, par exemple comme résultat d'un gonflage sous pression de tubes souples régnant sur toute la hauteur du coffrage sur la face de ce dernier se trouvant du côté béton. Un coffrage du deuxième type est décrit, par exemple, dans la demande de brevet français publiée n° 2 473 091 de la Demanderesse.It is then stripped by lateral displacement, for example as a result of inflation under pressure of flexible tubes prevailing over the entire height of the formwork on the face of the latter being on the concrete side. A formwork of the second type is described, for example, in the published French patent application No. 2,473,091 of the Applicant.

Ce type de coffrage, au contraire du type précédent, permet de s'affranchir complètement des sujétions pouvant résulter des conditions pratiques de bétonnage du panneau, simplifiant notablement l'organisation des chantiers. Il permet, en outre, la mise en place d'organes d'étanchéité du type «water-stop» étant donné son mode d'extraction par déplacement latéral.This type of formwork, unlike the previous type, makes it possible to completely overcome the constraints that may result from the practical conditions of concreting the panel, significantly simplifying the organization of construction sites. It also allows the installation of sealing members of the “water-stop” type given its mode of extraction by lateral displacement.

Par contre, ce type de coffrage étant laissé en place pendant les opérations d'excavation du panneau consécutif suivant il n'existe plus à l'extrémité du panneau précédent de volume vide permettant le guidage de l'outillage d'excavation avec les risques correspondants de déviation et, par suite, de continuité géométrique défectueuse de la paroi.On the other hand, this type of formwork being left in place during the excavation of the following consecutive panel, there is no longer any empty volume at the end of the previous panel allowing the guidance of the excavation tools with the corresponding risks. deflection and, consequently, defective geometric continuity of the wall.

Le choix d'une section concave pour la partie du coffrage se trouvant du côté terre dans le but de reconstituer un volume vide du côté du panneau à excaver à la suite n'apporte pas une solution suffisamment sûre. En effet, au cours du bétonnage, le béton risque d'envahir le volume vide que l'on voulait ainsi réserver, à la faveur des irrégularités géométriques plus ou moins inévitables de l'excavation. Le résultat dans un tel cas est alors que non seulement le guidage recherché ne peut être obtenu mais que l'enlèvement desdits contournements de béton constitue une difficulté supplémentaire.The choice of a concave section for the part of the formwork located on the earth side in order to reconstitute an empty volume on the side of the panel to be excavated afterwards does not provide a sufficiently safe solution. Indeed, during concreting, the concrete risks invading the empty volume that we wanted to reserve in this way, thanks to the more or less inevitable geometric irregularities of the excavation. The result in such a case is then that not only the guidance sought cannot be obtained but that the removal of said concrete bypasses constitutes an additional difficulty.

La présente invention a pour but de fournir un procédé et dispositif réunissant les avantages des deux types de coffrage décrits précédemment tout en n'en présentant pas les inconvénients, et allant encore plus loin dans la voie de la simplification de construction et d'utilisation.The present invention aims to provide a method and device combining the advantages of the two types of formwork described above while not having the disadvantages, and going even further in the way of simplification of construction and use.

L'invention est destinée à être mise en oeuvre avec un élément de coffrage comportant une partie centrale profilée dont le profil correspond à l'empreinte, habituellement concave, que l'on désire impartir à l'extrémité du panneau à réaliser, et deux ailes situées de part et d'autre de la partie centrale.The invention is intended to be implemented with a formwork element comprising a profiled central part whose profile corresponds to the imprint, usually concave, which it is desired to impart to the end of the panel to be produced, and two wings located on either side of the central part.

Les ailes peuvent être planes ou profilées également. Les ailes peuvent former un angle avec les faces de la partie centrale ou être situées dans le prolongement de celles-ci.The wings can also be flat or profiled. The wings can form an angle with the faces of the central part or be located in the extension of these.

Le procédé de l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes:

  • - prévoir un élément de coffrage du genre susmentionné qui fait saillie par rapport à la surface du sol;
  • - monter sur la portion de l'élément de coffrage faisant saillie un outil comprenant un corps et deux pièces profilées formant des rainures latérales venant coulisser sur les ailes de l'élément de coffrage, la partie inférieure des pièces profilées étant taillée en biseau de façon à former coin de décoffrage;
  • - imprimer à l'outil un mouvement de battage de façon à forcer les parties des pièces en forme de coin entre le panneau bétonné et son élément de coffrage jusqu'à introduction des coins entre le panneau bétonné et l'élément de coffrage;
  • - poursuivre le mouvement de battage de façon à enforcer de plus en plus profondément l'outil jusqu'à décollement complet de l'élément de coffrage.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • - Provide a formwork element of the aforementioned type which projects from the ground surface;
  • - Mount on the portion of the formwork element projecting from a tool comprising a body and two profiled parts forming lateral grooves ve by sliding on the wings of the formwork element, the lower part of the profiled parts being cut in a bevel so as to form a formwork corner;
  • - impart to the tool a threshing movement so as to force the parts of the wedge-shaped parts between the concrete panel and its formwork element until the corners are introduced between the concrete panel and the formwork element;
  • - continue the threshing movement so as to force the tool more and more deeply until the formwork element is completely detached.

L'invention couvre aussi l'outil utilisé dans la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention et défini ci- dessus.The invention also covers the tool used in the implementation of the method of the invention and defined above.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le corps de l'outil présente à sa partie inférieure une lame venant râcler la face non bétonnée de l'élément de coffrage, cette lame pouvant comporter, facultativement, des dents. Le rôle de cette lame est d'éliminer tous les paquets de béton qui auraient pu contourner l'élément de coffrage lors de la coulée du panneau. En même temps, elle assure un rôle de recalibrage éventuel de l'excavation où sera coulé le panneau suivant.According to a preferred embodiment, the body of the tool has at its lower part a blade scraping the non-concreted face of the formwork element, this blade may optionally include teeth. The role of this blade is to eliminate all the concrete packets which could have bypassed the formwork element during the casting of the panel. At the same time, it performs a possible recalibration role for the excavation where the next panel will be poured.

Le mouvement de battage peut être imparti à l'outil par un treuil qui, alternativement, soulève ce dernier puis le laisse retomber de tout son poids. Dans ce cas, l'outil doit présenter une masse importante, par exemple d'au moins une tonne, pour être efficace. Le plus souvent, l'outil sera réalisé en acier. On pourra, si désiré, y incorporer un lest en plomb.The threshing movement can be imparted to the tool by a winch which, in turn, lifts the latter and then lets it fall with all its weight. In this case, the tool must have a large mass, for example at least one ton, to be effective. Most often, the tool will be made of steel. We can, if desired, incorporate a lead ballast.

La forme du corps de l'outil n'est pas critique. Elle peut être pleine ou creuse (par exemple ouverte à ses faces supérieure et inférieure de façon à permettre le libre passage de la boue d'excavation).The body shape of the tool is not critical. It can be solid or hollow (for example open at its upper and lower faces so as to allow the free passage of the excavated mud).

En variante, on pourrait utiliser un dispositif de battage à l'air comprimé incorporé dans l'outil lui-même, ou employer un dispositif de battage auxiliaire, tel qu'un mouton venant frapper l'outil et l'enfoncer progressivement entre l'élément de coffrage et le béton.Alternatively, one could use a threshing device with compressed air incorporated in the tool itself, or use an auxiliary threshing device, such as a sheep striking the tool and gradually pushing it between the formwork element and concrete.

Selon encore une autre variante, le corps de l'outil est constitué par la benne d'excavation elle-même. Pour cela il suffit de monter sur l'un des chants de la jupe de la benne d'excavation, les rainures formant coins afin de permettre le guidage de la benne sur l'élément de coffrage. La benne est utilisée en position ouverte, le bord d'attaque du godet de la benne situé du côté de l'élément de coffrage jouant alors le rôle de la lame de râclage optionnelle sus-mentionnée.According to yet another variant, the body of the tool is constituted by the excavating bucket itself. For this it suffices to mount on one of the edges of the skirt of the excavating bucket, the grooves forming corners to allow the guidance of the bucket on the formwork element. The bucket is used in the open position, the leading edge of the bucket of the bucket located on the side of the formwork element then playing the role of the optional scraping blade mentioned above.

La description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée, les particularités qui ressortent tant des dessins que du texte faisant, bien entendu, partie de ladite invention.The description which follows with reference to the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting example will make it clear how the invention can be implemented, the features which emerge both from the drawings and from the text, of course, forming part of the said invention.

La figure 1 est une vue de côté d'un outil selon l'invention, monté sur un élément de coffrage. La figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1. La figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2. Les figures 4a, 4b, 5, 6a et 6b illustrent schématiquement la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention dans le cadre de l'exécution d'une paroi moulée dans le sol. Les figures 4a, 5 et 6a sont des vues en élévation avec coupe partielle tandis que les figures 4b et 6b sont des vues en coupe horizontale selon les lignes b-b des figures 4a et 6a, respectivement.Figure 1 is a side view of a tool according to the invention, mounted on a formwork element. Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2. Figures 4a, 4b, 5, 6a and 6b illustrate schematically the implementation of the method of the invention in the context of the execution of a wall molded into the ground. Figures 4a, 5 and 6a are elevational views in partial section while Figures 4b and 6b are views in horizontal section along lines b-b of Figures 4a and 6a, respectively.

Sur les figures 1 à 3 est représenté un outil de décoffrage selon l'invention. Cet outil comprend un corps 1, par exemple en acier massif, d'une masse importante (1 tonne et plus) et deux pièces latérales profilées 2 solidaires du corps et constituant des rainures verticales pouvant être montées et coulisser sur l'élément de coffrage 3, plus particulièrement sur les ailes 4 de celui-ci, comme on le voit bien sur la figure 2. Il est à noter que la largeur de l'élément de coffrage doit être inférieure à la largeur de l'excavation de façon à ménager sur chaque rive un jeu de l'ordre de 2 à 3 cm permettant le coulissement de l'outil de l'invention.In Figures 1 to 3 is shown a formwork tool according to the invention. This tool comprises a body 1, for example of solid steel, of a large mass (1 ton and more) and two lateral profiled parts 2 integral with the body and constituting vertical grooves which can be mounted and slide on the formwork element 3 , more particularly on the wings 4 thereof, as can be seen in FIG. 2. It should be noted that the width of the formwork element must be less than the width of the excavation so as to provide each bank a play of the order of 2 to 3 cm allowing the tool of the invention to slide.

La partie inférieure du corps 1 est conformée de façon à former une lame 5 qui est en contact râclant avec la face de l'élément de coffrage non bétonnée. De leur côté, les pièces 2 formant rainures de guidage de l'outil sur les ailes 4 sont biseautées à leur partie inférieure de façon à constituer des coins de coffrage 6.The lower part of the body 1 is shaped so as to form a blade 5 which is in scraping contact with the face of the non-concreted formwork element. For their part, the parts 2 forming the tool's guide grooves on the wings 4 are bevelled at their lower part so as to form shuttering corners 6.

L'outil peut être suspendu au câble d'un treuil par des oreilles telles que 7 prévues à la partie supérieure du corps.The tool can be suspended from the cable of a winch by ears such as 7 provided at the upper part of the body.

La mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention avec l'outil des figures 1-3 est illustrée sur les figures 4-6.The implementation of the method of the invention with the tool of Figures 1-3 is illustrated in Figures 4-6.

Les figures 4a et 4b montrent une paroi moulée dans le sol en cours d'exécution. Plus particulièrement, on voit un panneau P qui vient d'être réalisé avec l'élément de coffrage 3 encore en place à son extrémité. L'excavation E dans laquelle sera coulé le panneau suivant a été également réalisée, de façon classique, sous boue bentonitique (non représentée) pour éviter les éboulements possibles du terrain. La hauteur de l'élément de coffrage 3 est supérieure à la profondeur de l'excavation de façon qu'il fasse saillie au-dessus du sol. Une saillie de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mètres est généralement suffisante.Figures 4a and 4b show a wall molded into the ground during execution. More particularly, we see a panel P which has just been produced with the formwork element 3 still in place at its end. The excavation E into which the next panel will be poured has also been carried out, in a conventional manner, under bentonite mud (not shown) to avoid possible landslides. The height of the formwork element 3 is greater than the depth of the excavation so that it projects above the ground. A projection of the order of 1 to 2 meters is generally sufficient.

L'élément de coffrage 3 utilisé présente un corps convexe C de façon à laisser une empreinte concave dans le béton de chaque panneau. Une fente longitudinale prévue dans le corps C permet la mise en place d'un joint d'étanchéité J classique du type «water stop».The formwork element 3 used has a convex body C so as to leave a concave imprint in the concrete of each panel. A longitudinal slot provided in the body C allows the installation of a conventional seal J of the "water stop" type.

Lorsqu'on veut procéder è l'extraction de l'élément de coffrage 3, on monte l'outil de l'invention sur la partie de l'élément qui fait saillie au-dessus du sol, les ailes 4 étant engagées dans les rainures 2 de façon que l'outil puisse coulisser, avec un guidage positif, le long de l'élément de coffrage. L'outil est suspendu à un treuil par un câble 8, comme représenté.When it is desired to extract the formwork element 3, the tool of the invention is mounted on the part of the element which projects above the ground, the wings 4 being engaged in the grooves 2 so that the tool can slide, with positive guidance, along the formwork element. The tool is suspended from a winch by a cable 8, as shown.

On imprime une action de battage à l'outil en soulevant et en laissant retomber de tout son poids, alternativement, l'outil. Sous l'effet de cette action, les parties biseautées formant coins 6 s'insèrent entre le panneau en béton et l'élément de coffrage et provoquent le décollement de celui-ci au fur et à mesure de la progression de l'outil vers le fond de la tranchée. Au cours de cette progression, la lame 5 détruit les éventuels paquets de béton qui auraient pu contourner l'élément de coffrage lors de la coulée du panneau P, n'auraient pas déjà été éliminés lors de la réalisation de l'excavation E, et pourraient constituer une gêne à l'extraction de l'élément de coffrage. Cette lame permet également le recalibrage éventuel de l'excavation E si celle-ci s'était un peu écartée de sa position théorique. Lorsque l'outil atteint le fond de l'excavation, l'élément de coffrage se trouve libéré sur toute sa hauteur et peut être extrait facilement. Souvent, il faut même, avant la fin de l'opération, assurer l'élément de coffrage en surface au moyen d'un câble, tel que 9, pour éviter un basculement incontrôlé de celui-ci dans l'excavation E.A threshing action is imparted to the tool by lifting and letting fall with its full weight, alternatively, the tool. Under the effect of this action, the bevelled parts forming corners 6 are inserted between the concrete panel and the formwork element and cause the latter to become detached as the tool progresses towards the bottom of the trench. During this progression, the blade 5 destroys any concrete packets which could have bypassed the formwork element during the casting of the pan neau P, would not have already been eliminated during the excavation E, and could constitute a hindrance to the extraction of the formwork element. This blade also allows possible recalibration of the excavation E if it had deviated a little from its theoretical position. When the tool reaches the bottom of the excavation, the formwork element is released over its entire height and can be extracted easily. Often, it is even necessary, before the end of the operation, to secure the formwork element on the surface by means of a cable, such as 9, to avoid an uncontrolled tilting of the latter in the excavation E.

Au cours de l'opération d'extraction, le joint J ne court aucun risque de détérioration.During the extraction operation, the seal J does not run any risk of deterioration.

On atteint ainsi, en une seule opération, deux objectifs fondamentaux:

  • - l'extraction de l'élément de coffrage;
  • - la continuité géométrique de la paroi, le recalibrage de l'excavation du panneau suivant au moyen de l'outil guidé sur l'élément de coffrage mis en place lors de l'exécution du panneau précédent, garantissant l'absence de toute déviation dans la direction perpendiculaire au plan général de la paroi.
Two basic objectives are thus achieved in a single operation:
  • - the extraction of the formwork element;
  • - the geometric continuity of the wall, the recalibration of the excavation of the next panel by means of the tool guided on the formwork element put in place during the execution of the previous panel, guaranteeing the absence of any deviation in the direction perpendicular to the general plane of the wall.

On peut d'ailleurs ne pas attendre la fin de l'excavation du panneau suivant pour utiliser l'outil de l'invention si, en raison de la nature des terrains traversés, les risques de déviation sont importants.We can also not wait for the end of the excavation of the next panel to use the tool of the invention if, due to the nature of the terrain crossed, the risks of deviation are significant.

On procèdera alors à la réalisation de l'excavation par passes successives verticales de quelques mètres en faisant alterner l'utilisation de l'outil de l'invention avec celle de la benne d'excavation.We will then proceed to the excavation by successive vertical passes of a few meters by alternating the use of the tool of the invention with that of the excavation bucket.

L'extraction du coffrage et la continuité géométrique de la paroi peuvent également être réalisées dans le cas où deux panneaux de paroi consécutifs doivent former entre eux un certain angle comme, par exemple, pour la réalisation de contours polygonaux. Il suffirait pour cela de modifier la géométrie de l'outil en conséquence.The extraction of the formwork and the geometric continuity of the wall can also be carried out in the case where two consecutive wall panels have to form a certain angle between them as, for example, for the realization of polygonal contours. It would suffice to modify the geometry of the tool accordingly.

Il va de soi que les modes de réalisation décrits ne sont que des exemples et qu'il serait possible de les modifier, notamment par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.It goes without saying that the embodiments described are only examples and that it would be possible to modify them, in particular by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

En particulier, il est possible de combiner le procédé de l'invention avec l'emploi du dispositif de décoffrage à tubes gonflables qui fait l'objet de la demande de brevet français publiée n ° 2 473 091 de la Demanderesse.In particular, it is possible to combine the process of the invention with the use of the formwork device with inflatable tubes which is the subject of the published French patent application No. 2,473,091 of the Applicant.

Claims (5)

1. Process for the withdrawal of a shuttering element (3) used in making a panel (P) of a wall moulded in the ground, said shuttering element comprising a shaped central portion whose outline corresponds to the pattern to be imparted to the end of the panel to be made, and two wings (4) extending on both sides of said central portion, characterized by the following steps:
- providing such a shuttering element (3) which protrudes above the ground surface;
- fitting on the protruding portion of said shuttering element an implement comprising a body (1) and two shaped parts (2) forming side grooves which are slidable upon the wings of said shuttering element, the lower portion (6) of said shaped parts being bevelled so as to form a dismantling wedge;
- imparting a beating motion to the implement so as to force the wedge-shaped parts between the concreted panel and its shuttering element until their introduction therebetween; and
- pursuing said beating motion so as to drive the implement deeper and deeper until complete release of the shuttering element.
2. Implement for carrying out the process of claim 1, characterized by a body (1) and two shaped parts (2) forming side grooves which are slidable upon the wings (4) of the shuttering element (3), the lower portion of the shaped parts being bevelled so as to constitute a dismantling wedge (6).
3. Implement according to claim 2, characterized in that its body presents at its lower end a blade (5) scraping the non-concreted side of the shuttering element, teeth being optionally provided on said blade.
4. Implement according to claim 2, characterized in that the body of the implement is constituted by an excavating bucket.
5. Implement according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that it weighs at least one ton.
EP83401474A 1982-08-11 1983-07-19 Method and device for pulling out a shuttering at the realization of an underground cast wall Expired EP0101350B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83401474T ATE19803T1 (en) 1982-08-11 1983-07-19 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING THE FORMWORK WHEN BUILDING AN UNDERGROUND DIVISION WALL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8213994A FR2531733A1 (en) 1982-08-11 1982-08-11 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING A FORMWORK IN THE CONTEXT OF PRODUCING A MOLDED WALL IN THE GROUND
FR8213994 1982-08-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0101350A1 EP0101350A1 (en) 1984-02-22
EP0101350B1 true EP0101350B1 (en) 1986-05-14

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EP83401474A Expired EP0101350B1 (en) 1982-08-11 1983-07-19 Method and device for pulling out a shuttering at the realization of an underground cast wall

Country Status (10)

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EP (1) EP0101350B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5991227A (en)
AT (1) ATE19803T1 (en)
AU (1) AU561836B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3363511D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2531733A1 (en)
HK (1) HK27787A (en)
MY (1) MY8700396A (en)
PT (1) PT77174B (en)
SG (1) SG97886G (en)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10988911B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2021-04-27 Ccmj Systems Ltd Diaphragm walls
US11225769B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2022-01-18 Ccmj Systems Ltd Shear key former apparatus and method(s)

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FR2628772B1 (en) * 1988-03-18 1990-08-24 Sif Entreprise Bachy GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR THE EXCAVATION TOOL USED FOR MAKING A MOLDED WALL IN THE GROUND
DE69107696T2 (en) * 1990-06-15 1995-06-29 Bouygues Sa device for facilitating the pulling out of a formwork, and use for producing a bottom slit wall.
FR2674888B1 (en) * 1991-04-02 1995-12-22 Bouygues Sa DEVICE FOR FACILITATING THE EXTRACTION OF A FORMWORK, TOOL PRESENT IN THE DEVICE AND APPLICATION TO THE PRODUCTION OF A MOLDED WALL IN THE GROUND.
AU623298B1 (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-05-07 Frankipile Australia Pty. Limited Concrete shuttering element
FR2675526A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-23 Sif Entreprise Bachy METHOD OF GUIDING THE EXCAVATION TOOL USED TO PRODUCE A GROUND MOLDED WALL, AND EXCAVATION TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD
FR2676763B1 (en) * 1991-05-23 1993-08-13 Sol Cie PROCESS FOR TAKING OFF A PANEL END JOINT WHEN PRODUCING MOLDED WALLS IN THE GROUND AND JOINT FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD.
JPH0548807U (en) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-29 釜屋化学工業株式会社 Antibacterial compact container
GB9616040D0 (en) * 1996-07-31 1996-09-11 Tsw Partnership The Improved stop-end system for use in diaphragm wall construction
GB2325262B (en) 1997-05-12 2001-05-02 Kvaerner Cementation Found Ltd Hydrophilic waterbar for diaphragm wall joints
IT1294756B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 1999-04-12 Finic Bv SHOULDER TUBE WITH TWO WINGS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE JOINT SURFACES BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF WALLS CASTED IN CONCRETE
DE19817982C1 (en) 1998-04-22 1999-11-18 Leffer Stahl & App Formwork element of a flat joint formwork and method for its expansion
DE19901556B4 (en) * 1999-01-16 2004-02-19 Brückner Grundbau GmbH Device and method for removing over-concrete in the area of a diaphragm wall joint
GB2371069B (en) 2001-01-15 2004-09-08 Cementation Found Skanska Ltd Waterstop for foundation elements
GB201112136D0 (en) * 2011-07-14 2011-08-31 Coupland John W Diaphragm wall apparatus and methods
FR3041976B1 (en) 2015-10-06 2017-11-24 Soletanche Freyssinet PORT QUARTET CONSISTS OF VOUTED WALLS AND PLANT TILES
FR3110922B1 (en) 2020-05-29 2022-10-14 Soletanche Freyssinet Reinforcement element for diaphragm wall fitted with a seal holder

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FR2473091A1 (en) * 1980-01-08 1981-07-10 Sif Entreprise Bachy Mechanically stripped end shutter for underground concrete walls - has inflatable tubes forcing shutter free of set concrete and forming shaped face for next section

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10988911B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2021-04-27 Ccmj Systems Ltd Diaphragm walls
US11225769B2 (en) 2018-02-15 2022-01-18 Ccmj Systems Ltd Shear key former apparatus and method(s)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2531733A1 (en) 1984-02-17
JPS6145014B2 (en) 1986-10-06
AU561836B2 (en) 1987-05-21
PT77174A (en) 1983-09-01
EP0101350A1 (en) 1984-02-22
MY8700396A (en) 1987-12-31
HK27787A (en) 1987-04-16
PT77174B (en) 1986-03-11
JPS5991227A (en) 1984-05-25
ATE19803T1 (en) 1986-05-15
SG97886G (en) 1988-05-20
DE3363511D1 (en) 1986-06-19
FR2531733B1 (en) 1984-12-21
AU1719583A (en) 1984-02-16

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