EP0088898B1 - Sub-calibre armour-piercing penetrator projectile - Google Patents

Sub-calibre armour-piercing penetrator projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088898B1
EP0088898B1 EP83101454A EP83101454A EP0088898B1 EP 0088898 B1 EP0088898 B1 EP 0088898B1 EP 83101454 A EP83101454 A EP 83101454A EP 83101454 A EP83101454 A EP 83101454A EP 0088898 B1 EP0088898 B1 EP 0088898B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core element
casing
main
projectile
frontal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP83101454A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0088898A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Böcker
Hans Werner Luther
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Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
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Priority to AT83101454T priority Critical patent/ATE27060T1/en
Publication of EP0088898A1 publication Critical patent/EP0088898A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a balancing projectile with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a balancing projectile is, for. B. known from German Patent 14 28 679. It has different armor-piercing pre-core elements axially one behind the other and an armor-piercing main core element adjoining these on the back. Between the core elements, which consist of hard and / or heavy metal, layers of plastic-bonded hollow spheres or a light metal alloy are provided as shock-absorbing means.
  • the arrangement of the different pre-core elements is intended to achieve a targeted mass cultivation of the projectile arrangement in such a way that a sufficient projectile mass in the form of the main core element is still available after penetration of a pre-armor while protecting the main core element against premature destruction due to shock wave stress against a main armor of the target.
  • missiles of the type mentioned at the outset are exposed to loads acting through multi-plate rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the missile, which regularly lead to premature bending of the missile.
  • a penetration channel inclined towards the extension of the projectile trajectory can prevent the main core element from reaching the main armor and thus impair the effect of the projectile in a very sensitive manner.
  • Such a known projectile can only be optimized for penetrating multiple targets (bulkhead armor) or for a difficult single target or a multiple target with a particularly strong pre-armor.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve such a projectile in such a way that it is equally well suited for both target types mentioned with a corresponding increase in performance and that it can even be adapted to the respective target plate number and target plate thickness.
  • US Pat. No. 3,370,535 already shows a projectile subdivided into the main core and pre-core, in which the pre-core is held on the main core element in a play-free seat by a releasable threaded fastening of the hood with the sleeve.
  • the pre-core is held on the main core element in a play-free seat by a releasable threaded fastening of the hood with the sleeve.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show in FIGS. 1 and 2 an embodiment of the new balancing bullet each in a longitudinal axial section.
  • a pre-penetrator 10 to which a main core element 80 is arranged axially, has three pre-core elements 12, 30 and 50 arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis A of the projectile.
  • the tip-side pre-core element 12 is provided with a front surface 14 which delimits a spherical cap.
  • Connected to them on the back is a conical outer surface 16 which has a common peripheral edge 18 with a circular cylindrical surface 20.
  • the circular cylinder surface 20 is followed on the rear by a rounding 22 which merges into a circular funnel area 24 with a central rounding 26.
  • a front surface 32 of a second Vorkernelements 30 has a circular cone portion 34 with a central rounded portion 36 and is bounded by a radially extending groove 38 to the circumference with a 'peripheral circular edge 40th
  • a circular cylinder part with a circumferential surface 42 connects to the rear of the latter. This is delimited on the back by a rounding 44 which, together with a circular funnel area 46 with a central rounding 48, forms a rear side surface, which is not described in any more detail.
  • a third pre-core element 50 has a front surface 52 with a circular cone jacket region 54 and a central rounding 56. The front surface 52 is followed by a circular-conical transition region 58 with a groove 60 delimiting it on the circumference, which is delimited on the circumference by a circular edge 62.
  • a front part 82 of a main core element 80 is delimited by a front surface 84 with a circular cone region 86, a central rounding 88 and a circular edge 90.
  • the latter delimits a circular-cylindrical transition region 92 on the front with an adjoining groove 94 which ends in a circumferential circular edge 96.
  • the sleeve 110 extends with a circumferential surface 112 up to an external thread 116 on an unspecified sleeve front part of lesser wall thickness.
  • An inner surface 113 of the shell 110 closely encloses the pre-core elements 30 and 50 and the front part 82.
  • a back cover (not shown in more detail) with an internal thread of a ballistic hood 118 serves to releasably fasten the latter to the shell 110, with an inner surface 119 of the ballistic hood 118 fits tightly against the conical outer surface 16 of the pre-core element 12 and this in the axial direction with its rear surface against the front surface 32 of the pre-core element 30 which is adapted to its central region, this with its rear surface against the front surface 52 of the pre-core element 50 which is adapted to its central region and this finally with its rear surface against the front surface 84 of the front part 82, which is adapted to its central region, presses.
  • the joint areas 1, 2 and 3 are, in order, between the inner surface 113 of the casing 110 and the rounding 22 and the groove 38, the rounding 44 and the groove 62 and finally the rounding 66 and the groove 54 are assigned a respective annular cavity 120, 122 and 124, respectively.
  • the pre-core elements 12, 30 and 50, with one another and with the front part 82 having the same outside diameter, as well as the main core element 80 and the sleeve 110 are made of a metallic material of high density, for example a sintered alloy with a high tungsten content.
  • the ballistic hood 118 is made of steel.
  • a pre-penetrator 10 to which a main core element 190 is arranged axially, has three pre-core elements 130, 150 and 170 arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis A of the projectile.
  • the latter extends up to a circular rear edge 140 which delimits a circular funnel surface 142 on the circumference. This extends up to a circular edge 144 of a central blind hole 146 with an inner surface 148.
  • the tip-side core element 130 is followed by the second core element 150 with a front circular cone surface 150, which extends from a circumferential circular edge 154 to a front circular edge 156 of a central axial passage 166 extends.
  • a circular cylindrical circumferential surface 158 extends from the front circular edge 154 to a rear circular edge 160 which delimits a circular funnel surface 162 on the circumferential side. The latter extends up to a rear circular edge 164 of the passage 166 with an inner surface 168.
  • the second pre-core element 150 is followed by the third pre-core element 170 with a front circular cone surface 172 which extends from a circumferential circular edge 174 to a front circular edge 176 of a passage 186 an inner surface 188.
  • a circular cylindrical circumferential surface 178 is delimited on the front by the circular edge 174 and on the rear by a rear edge 180, in which the circumferential surface 178 collides with a circular funnel surface 182 which extends up to a rear circular edge 184 of the passage 186.
  • the third core element 170 is followed on the back by a circular cylindrical peripheral surface 194 having front part 192 of the main core element 190.
  • the circumferential surface 194 is delimited on the front by a circular edge 196, which is followed by a circular truncated cone 198.
  • a central axial conical mandrel 202 with a circumferential surface 204 and a free end 206 protrudes from its front edge 200 of smaller diameter.
  • the peripheral surface 194 terminates in a fillet 208 with an outer circular edge 210 of a peripheral surface 214 with a thread 216 of the main part 212 of the main core element 190.
  • the mandrel 202 extends through the passages 186 and 166 of the two preliminary core elements 170 and 150 and extends with its free one End 206 into the blind hole 146 of the pre-core element 130.
  • the sleeve 110 and the ballistic hood 118 are designed analogously to FIG. 1, the rear surface 114 being adapted to the fillet 208 and the peripheral surface 112 having the same outside diameter as that of the main part 212.
  • the pre-core elements 130, 150 and 170 are pressed axially against one another and the pre-core element 170 is pressed against the front part 192.
  • the inner surfaces 188 and 168 of the passages 186 and 166 and the inner surface 148 of the blind hole 146 closely enclose the mandrel 202.
  • the pivoting of the remaining pre-penetrator is achieved in that the mandrel 202, due to its already larger diameter there, initially opposes the pressure of the relevant area of the circular funnel surface 62 on the conical lateral surface 172 with greater resistance, but then the pivoting force can become fully effective when the mandrel breaks .
  • the process in the joint region 3 is analogous, so that the main core element 190 can then take full effect against the target at a favorable angle.
  • the penetration is improved in the manner described.
  • the process described is repeated at least on each thick plate.
  • the pre-core elements of the pre-penetrator 10 are adaptable to a number of target plates in terms of their number, the material and their length and thus also the respective mass.
  • Deflection of the respective pre-core element of the pre-penetrator 10 designed according to the invention results in an enlargement of the entry opening in relation to the projectile diameter in the target plate in question.
  • This proves to be advantageous for the subsequent main core element, particularly in the case of novel targets, for example with glass and / or ceramic modules: it promotes its passage through the plate in question and thus improves its action against downstream target plates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

An improved subcaliber fin-stabilized penetrator projectile of an equal diameter along its whole cylindrical length which is made of a high density, ductile, heavy metal. The herein described penetrator has a steel ballistic hood coaxially mounted on the front end thereof and a plurality of frontal cores mounted one behind the other in an axial direction behind said ballistic hood, and a main penetrator core arranged behind the frontal cores. Detachably connected to said ballistic hood and extending from said hood to the frontal region of the main penetrator core is a cylindrical casing of heavy metal having a smooth external surface and an outer diameter which is equal to the outer diameter of the main penetrator core. The plurality of frontal cores are partially mounted in said cylindrical casing, and partially in said ballistic hood. The main penetrator core of the projectile has a cylindrical front end extension of smaller diameter with which the casing is rigidly attached, a transition piece and a frustoconical stem. The frontal cores are equal in diameter and have an axially centered bore and a recess, and have rear faces and front faces. The ballistic hood is detachably mounted and holds a plurality of said frontal cores together against one another inside said casing in a play-free manner, with the frontal cores inner surfaces snugly fitted against the outside surface of the stem, and said cores outer surfaces snugly fitted against the inner surface of the said casing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wuchtgeschoß mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1. Ein derartiges pfeilstabilisiertes Wuchtgeschoß ist z. B. aus der deutschen Patentschrift 14 28 679 bekannt. Es weist in einer Hülle axial hintereinander unterschiedliche panzerbrechende Vorkernelemente und ein sich rückseitig an diese anschließendes panzerbrechendes Hauptkernelement auf. Zwischen den Kernelementen, welche aus Hart- und/oder Schwermetall bestehen, sind Schichten aus kunststoffbebundenen Hohlkügelchen bzw. einer Leichtmetallegierung als stoßdämpfende Mittel vorgesehen. Durch die Anordnung der unterschiedlichen Vorkernelemente soll ein gezielter Massenanbau der Geschoßanordnung derart verwirklicht werden, daß nach Durchschlagen einer Vorpanzerung bei einem Schutz des Hauptkernelements gegen vorzeitige Zerstörung infolge Stoßwellenbelastung gegen eine Hauptpanzerung des Zieles noch eine ausreichende Geschoßmasse in Form des Hauptkernelements verfügbar ist.The invention relates to a balancing projectile with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Such an arrow-stabilized balancing projectile is, for. B. known from German Patent 14 28 679. It has different armor-piercing pre-core elements axially one behind the other and an armor-piercing main core element adjoining these on the back. Between the core elements, which consist of hard and / or heavy metal, layers of plastic-bonded hollow spheres or a light metal alloy are provided as shock-absorbing means. The arrangement of the different pre-core elements is intended to achieve a targeted mass cultivation of the projectile arrangement in such a way that a sufficient projectile mass in the form of the main core element is still available after penetration of a pre-armor while protecting the main core element against premature destruction due to shock wave stress against a main armor of the target.

Bei neueren Untersuchungen wurde gefunden, daß Fluggeschosse der eingangs genannten Art bei Durchdringen von Mehrplattenzeilen quer zur Geschoßlängsachse wirkenden Belastungen ausgesetzt sind, welche regelmäßig zu einem vorzeitigen Biegebruch des Fluggeschosses führen. Ein gegen die Verlängerung der Geschoßflugbahn geneigter Durchdringungskanal kann das Hauptkernelement am Erreichen der Hauptpanzerung hindern und damit die Wirkung des Geschosses auf sehr empfindliche Weise beeinträchtigen.In recent investigations, it was found that missiles of the type mentioned at the outset are exposed to loads acting through multi-plate rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the missile, which regularly lead to premature bending of the missile. A penetration channel inclined towards the extension of the projectile trajectory can prevent the main core element from reaching the main armor and thus impair the effect of the projectile in a very sensitive manner.

Ein derartiges bekanntes Geschoß kann jeweils nur zum Durchschlagen von Mehrfachzielen (Schottenpanzerung) oder für ein schweres Einfachziel oder ein Mehrfachziel mit besonders starkem Vorpanzer optimiert sein. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein derartiges Geschoß dahingehend zu verbessern, daß es bei entsprechender Leisttungssteigerung für beide genannten Zielarten gleichermaßen gut geeignet ist und daß es sogar an die jeweilige Zielplattenzahl und Zielplattenstärke anpaßbar ist.Such a known projectile can only be optimized for penetrating multiple targets (bulkhead armor) or for a difficult single target or a multiple target with a particularly strong pre-armor. The object of the invention is therefore to improve such a projectile in such a way that it is equally well suited for both target types mentioned with a corresponding increase in performance and that it can even be adapted to the respective target plate number and target plate thickness.

Die zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wesentlichen. notwendigen Merkmale der Erfindung sind im Patentanspruch 1 genannt. Die Unteransprüche nennen Ausführungsarten der Erfindung.The essentials for solving the task. necessary features of the invention are mentioned in claim 1. The subclaims list embodiments of the invention.

Zwar zeigt die US-Patentschrift 3,370,535 bereits ein in Hauptkern und Vorkern unterteiltes Geschoß, bei dem der Vorkern durch eine lösbare Gewindebefestigung der Haube mit der Hülse im spielfreien Sitz am Hauptkernelement gehalten wird. Auf die Anpassung des Geschosses an unterschiedliche Zielarten und die Auswechselbarkeit von Vorkern und Hülse ist daraus jedoch kein Hinweis zu entnehmen.US Pat. No. 3,370,535 already shows a projectile subdivided into the main core and pre-core, in which the pre-core is held on the main core element in a play-free seat by a releasable threaded fastening of the hood with the sleeve. However, there is no indication of the adaptation of the projectile to different target types and the interchangeability of the front core and sleeve.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in Figur 1 und 2 je eine Ausführungsform des neuen Wuchtgeschosses jeweils im längsaxialen Schnitt ausschnittweise.The drawing shows in FIGS. 1 and 2 an embodiment of the new balancing bullet each in a longitudinal axial section.

Gemäß Fig. 1 weist ein Vorpenetrator 10, dem ein Hauptkernelement 80 axial nachgeordnet ist, drei entlang einer Geschoßlängsachse A hintereinander angeordnete Vorkernelemente 12, 30 und 50 auf. Das spitzenseitige Vorkernelement 12 ist mit einer Frontfläche 14 versehen, die eine Kugelkalotte begrenzt. An sie schließt sich rückseitig eine Kegelmantelfläche 16 an, die mit einer Kreiszylinderfläche 20 eine gemeinschaftliche umfangsseitige Kante 18 aufweist. Der Kreiszylinderfläche 20 schließt sich rückseitig eine Abrundung 22 an, die in einen Kreistrichterbereich 24 mit einer zentralen Ausrundung 26 übergeht. Eine Frontfläche 32 eines zweiten Vorkernelements 30 weist einen Kreiskegelmantelbereich 34 mit einer zentralen Abrundung 36 auf und ist von einer sich radial bis zum Umfang erstreckenden Auskehlung 38 mit einer' umfangsseitigen Kreiskante 40 begrenzt. An letztere schließt sich rückseitig ein Kreiszylinderteil mit einer Umfangsfläche 42 an. Diese wird rückseitig von einer Abrundung 44 begrenzt, die gemeinschaftlich mit einem Kreistrichterbereich 46 mit einer zentralen Ausrundung 48 eine nicht näher bezeichnete Rückseitenfläche bildet. Ein drittes Vorkernelement 50 weist eine Frontfläche 52 mit einem Kreiskegelmantelbereich 54 und einer zentralen Abrundung 56 auf. An die Frontfläche 52 schließt sich ein kreiskegelflächiger Übergangsbereich 58 mit einer ihn umfangsnah begrenzenden Auskehlung 60 an, die umfangsseitig von einer Kreiskante 62 begrenzt wird.1, a pre-penetrator 10, to which a main core element 80 is arranged axially, has three pre-core elements 12, 30 and 50 arranged one behind the other along a longitudinal axis A of the projectile. The tip-side pre-core element 12 is provided with a front surface 14 which delimits a spherical cap. Connected to them on the back is a conical outer surface 16 which has a common peripheral edge 18 with a circular cylindrical surface 20. The circular cylinder surface 20 is followed on the rear by a rounding 22 which merges into a circular funnel area 24 with a central rounding 26. A front surface 32 of a second Vorkernelements 30 has a circular cone portion 34 with a central rounded portion 36 and is bounded by a radially extending groove 38 to the circumference with a 'peripheral circular edge 40th A circular cylinder part with a circumferential surface 42 connects to the rear of the latter. This is delimited on the back by a rounding 44 which, together with a circular funnel area 46 with a central rounding 48, forms a rear side surface, which is not described in any more detail. A third pre-core element 50 has a front surface 52 with a circular cone jacket region 54 and a central rounding 56. The front surface 52 is followed by a circular-conical transition region 58 with a groove 60 delimiting it on the circumference, which is delimited on the circumference by a circular edge 62.

Letztere begrenzt ihrerseits vorderseitig eine kreiszylindrische Umfangsfläche 64, die sich rückseitig bis zu einer Abrundung 66 erstreckt. Diese bildet gemeinschaftlich mit einer Kreistrichterfläche 68 und einer zentralen Ausrundung 70 eine nicht näher bezeichnete Rückseitenfläche des Vorkernelements 50. Ein Vorderteil 82 eines Hauptkernelements 80 wird von einer Frontfläche 84 mit einem Kreiskegelbereich 86, einer zentralen Abrundung 88 und einer Kreiskante 90 begrenzt. Letztere begrenzt vorderseitig einen kreiszylindrischen Übergangsbereich 92 mit einer sich anschließenden, in einer umfangsseitigen Kreiskante 96 endenden Auskehlung 94. Ein sich an die Kreiskante 96 rückseitig anschließender Kreiszylinderbereich 98 endet in einer radialen Ausrundung 100 mit einer Kante 102, die vorderseitig eine kreiszylindrische Umfangsfläche 106 mit einem Gewinde 108 eines Hauptteils 104 des Hauptkernelements 80 begrenzt. Von einer Heckfläche. 114, die der Ausrundung 100 mit der Kreiskante 102 angepaßt ist, erstreckt sich die Hülle 110 mit einer Umfangsfläche 112 bis zu einem Außengewinde 116 auf einem nicht näher bezeichneten Hüllenvorderteil geringerer Wandstärke. Eine Innenfläche 113 der Hülle 110 umschließt eng die Vorkernelemente 30 und 50 sowie das Vorderteil 82. Ein nicht näher bezeichneter rückseitiger Überwurf mit Innengewinde einer ballistischen Haube 118 dient der lösbaren Befestigung letzterer mit der Hülle 110, wobei sich eine Innenfläche 119 der ballistischen Haube 118 eng an die Kegelmantelfläche 16 der Vorkernelements 12 anlegt und dieses in axialer Richtung mit seiner Rückseitenfläche gegen die zentralbereichsweise ihr angepaßte Frontfläche 32 des Vorkernelements 30, dieses mit seiner Rückseitenfläche gegen die ihr zentralbereichsweise angepaßte Frontfläche 52 des Vorkernelements 50 und dieses schließlich mit seiner Rückseitenfläche gegen die ihr zentralbereichsweise angepaßte Frontfläche 84 des Vorderteils 82 preßt. Dieserart ergibt sich in Stoßbereichen 1, 2 und 3 zwischen den beteiligten Flächen ein spielfreier Sitz. Den Stoßbereichen 1, 2 und 3 ist, der Reihenfolge nach ein sich zwischen der Innenfläche 113 der Hülle 110 sowie der Abrundung 22 und der Auskehlung 38, der Abrundung 44 und der Auskehlung 62 und schließlich der Abrundung 66 und der Auskehlung 54 ein betreffenden kreisringförmiger Hohlraum 120, 122 bzw. 124 zugeordnet. Die Vorkernelemente 12, 30 und 50, untereinander und mit dem Vorderteil 82 außendurchmessergleich, sowie das Hauptkernelement 80 und die Hülle 110 sind aus einem metallischen Werkstoff hoher Dichte, beispielsweise einer Sinterlegierung mit hohem Wolframanteil, gefertigt. Die ballistische Haube 118 besteht aus Stahl.The latter in turn delimits a circular cylindrical circumferential surface 64 on the front side, which extends to a rounding 66 on the rear side. Together with a circular funnel surface 68 and a central fillet 70, this forms a back surface of the pre-core element 50, which is not described in any more detail. A front part 82 of a main core element 80 is delimited by a front surface 84 with a circular cone region 86, a central rounding 88 and a circular edge 90. The latter delimits a circular-cylindrical transition region 92 on the front with an adjoining groove 94 which ends in a circumferential circular edge 96. A circular cylinder region 98 adjoining the circular edge 96 on the rear ends in a radial rounded portion 100 with an edge 102 which has a circular-cylindrical circumferential surface 106 with a front Threads 108 of a main part 104 of the main core member 80 limited. From a rear surface. 114, which is adapted to the fillet 100 with the circular edge 102, the sleeve 110 extends with a circumferential surface 112 up to an external thread 116 on an unspecified sleeve front part of lesser wall thickness. An inner surface 113 of the shell 110 closely encloses the pre-core elements 30 and 50 and the front part 82. A back cover (not shown in more detail) with an internal thread of a ballistic hood 118 serves to releasably fasten the latter to the shell 110, with an inner surface 119 of the ballistic hood 118 fits tightly against the conical outer surface 16 of the pre-core element 12 and this in the axial direction with its rear surface against the front surface 32 of the pre-core element 30 which is adapted to its central region, this with its rear surface against the front surface 52 of the pre-core element 50 which is adapted to its central region and this finally with its rear surface against the front surface 84 of the front part 82, which is adapted to its central region, presses. In this way, there is a play-free fit in the joint areas 1, 2 and 3 between the surfaces involved. The joint areas 1, 2 and 3 are, in order, between the inner surface 113 of the casing 110 and the rounding 22 and the groove 38, the rounding 44 and the groove 62 and finally the rounding 66 and the groove 54 are assigned a respective annular cavity 120, 122 and 124, respectively. The pre-core elements 12, 30 and 50, with one another and with the front part 82 having the same outside diameter, as well as the main core element 80 and the sleeve 110 are made of a metallic material of high density, for example a sintered alloy with a high tungsten content. The ballistic hood 118 is made of steel.

Gemäß Fig. 2 weist ein Vorpenetrator 10, dem ein Hauptkernelement 190 axial nachgeordnet ist, wiederum drei entlang der Geschoßlängsachse A hintereinander angeordnete Vorkernelemente 130, 150 und 170 auf. Das spitzenseitige Vorkernelement 130 mit einer Frontfläche 132, die eine Kugelkalotte begrenzt, weist eine kreiskegelförmige Umfangsfläche 134 auf, die in einer rückseitigen Kreiskante 136 mit einer Kreiszylinderfläche 138 zusammenstößt. Letztere erstreckt sich bis zu einer kreisförmigen Heckkante 140, welche umfangsseitig eine Kreistrichterfläche 142 begrenzt. Diese erstreckt sich bis zu einer Kreiskante 144 eines zentralen Sacklochs 146 mit einer Innenfläche 148. Auf das spitzenseitige Kernelement 130 folgt das zweite Kernelement 150 mit einer vorderseitigen Kreiskegelfläche 150, die sich von einer umfangsseitigen Kreiskante 154 bis zu einer vorderseitigen Kreiskante 156 eines zentralaxialen Durchlasses 166 erstreckt.According to FIG. 2, a pre-penetrator 10, to which a main core element 190 is arranged axially, has three pre-core elements 130, 150 and 170 arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis A of the projectile. The tip-side pre-core element 130 with a front surface 132, which delimits a spherical cap, has a circular-conical circumferential surface 134, which abuts a circular-cylindrical surface 138 in a rear circular edge 136. The latter extends up to a circular rear edge 140 which delimits a circular funnel surface 142 on the circumference. This extends up to a circular edge 144 of a central blind hole 146 with an inner surface 148. The tip-side core element 130 is followed by the second core element 150 with a front circular cone surface 150, which extends from a circumferential circular edge 154 to a front circular edge 156 of a central axial passage 166 extends.

Eine kreiszylindrische Umfangsfläche 158 erstreckt sich von der vorderseitigen Kreiskante 154 bis zu einer rückseitigen Kreiskante 160, die umfangsseitig eine Kreistrichterfläche 162 begrenzt. Letztere erstreckt sich bis zu einer rückseitigen Kreiskante 164 des Durchlasses 166 mit einer Innenfläche 168. Auf das zweite Vorkernelement 150 folgt das dritte Vorkernelement 170 mit einer vorderseitigen Kreiskegelfläche 172, die sich von einer umfangsseitigen Kreiskante 174 bis zu einer vorderseitigen Kreiskante 176 eines Durchlasses 186 mit einer Innenfläche 188 erstreckt. Eine kreiszylindrische Umfangsfläche 178 wird vorderseitig von der Kreiskante 174 und rückseitig von einer Heckkante 180 begrenzt, in der die Umfangsfläche 178 mit einer Kreistrichterfläche 182 zusammenstößt, die sich bis zu einer rückseitigen Kreiskante 184 des Durchlasses 186 erstreckt. Dem dritten Kernelement 170 schließt sich rückseitig eine kreiszylindrische Umfangsfläche 194 aufweisendes Vorderteil 192 des Hauptkernelements 190 an. Die Umfangsfläche 194 wird vorderseitig von einer Kreiskante 196 begrenzt, an die sich ein Kreiskegelstumpf 198 anschließt. Über dessen vordere Kante 200 kleineren Durchmessers steht ein zentralaxialer konischer Dorn 202 mit einer Umfangsfläche 204 und einem freien Ende 206 vor. Rückseitig läuft die Umfangsfläche 194 aus in einer Ausrundung 208 mit einer äußeren Kreiskante 210 einer Umfangsfläche 214 mit einem Gewinde 216 des Hauptteils 212 des Hauptkernelements 190. Der Dorn 202 durchgreift die Durchlässe 186 und 166 der beiden Vorkernelemente 170 und 150 und erstreckt sich mit seinem freien Ende 206 in das Sackloch 146 des Vorkernelements 130. Die Hülle 110 und die ballistische Haube 118 sind analog Fig. 1 gestaltet, wobei die Heckfläche 114 der Ausrundung 208 angepaßt und die Umfangsfläche 112 mit derjenigen 214 des Haupteils 212 außendurchmessergleich ist.A circular cylindrical circumferential surface 158 extends from the front circular edge 154 to a rear circular edge 160 which delimits a circular funnel surface 162 on the circumferential side. The latter extends up to a rear circular edge 164 of the passage 166 with an inner surface 168. The second pre-core element 150 is followed by the third pre-core element 170 with a front circular cone surface 172 which extends from a circumferential circular edge 174 to a front circular edge 176 of a passage 186 an inner surface 188. A circular cylindrical circumferential surface 178 is delimited on the front by the circular edge 174 and on the rear by a rear edge 180, in which the circumferential surface 178 collides with a circular funnel surface 182 which extends up to a rear circular edge 184 of the passage 186. The third core element 170 is followed on the back by a circular cylindrical peripheral surface 194 having front part 192 of the main core element 190. The circumferential surface 194 is delimited on the front by a circular edge 196, which is followed by a circular truncated cone 198. A central axial conical mandrel 202 with a circumferential surface 204 and a free end 206 protrudes from its front edge 200 of smaller diameter. On the back, the peripheral surface 194 terminates in a fillet 208 with an outer circular edge 210 of a peripheral surface 214 with a thread 216 of the main part 212 of the main core element 190. The mandrel 202 extends through the passages 186 and 166 of the two preliminary core elements 170 and 150 and extends with its free one End 206 into the blind hole 146 of the pre-core element 130. The sleeve 110 and the ballistic hood 118 are designed analogously to FIG. 1, the rear surface 114 being adapted to the fillet 208 and the peripheral surface 112 having the same outside diameter as that of the main part 212.

Wiederum werden beim Aufschrauben der ballistischen Haube 118 auf die Hülle 110 zum Erzielen eines spielfreien Sitzes in den Stoßbereichen 1, 2 und 3 die Vorkernelemente 130, 150 und 170 axial gegeneinander und das Vorkernelement 170 gegen das Vorderteil 192 gepreßt. Dabei umschließen die Innenflächen 188 und 168 der Durchlässe 186 und 166 sowie die Innenfläche 148 des Sacklochs 146 den Dorn 202 eng.Again, when screwing the ballistic hood 118 onto the sheath 110 to achieve a play-free fit in the impact areas 1, 2 and 3, the pre-core elements 130, 150 and 170 are pressed axially against one another and the pre-core element 170 is pressed against the front part 192. The inner surfaces 188 and 168 of the passages 186 and 166 and the inner surface 148 of the blind hole 146 closely enclose the mandrel 202.

Beim flachen Auftreffen eines Wuchtgeschoßes nach Fig. 1 auf eine dicke Panzerplatte erfolgt nach dem Wegbrechen der ballistischen Haube 118 zwischen der Frontfläche 114 und der Panzerplatte eine im wesentlichen punktförmige gegenseitige Berührung mit gutem Anbeißeffekt. Das Vorkernelement 12 wird dabei quer zur Geschoßlängsachse A abgelenkt und drückt zunehmend mit der Heckfläche gegen die Frontfläche und nach Überwindung des Hohlraums 120 mit der Abrundung 22 in die Auskehlung 38 des Vorkernelements 30. Hieraus resultiert eine Verschwenkung des verbleibenden Vorpenetrators 10 und des Hauptkernelements 80, deren axiale Fixierung durch die Flächenausbildungen in den Stoßbereichen 2 und 3 sowie die Schwermetallhülle 110 gewährleistet bleibt, gegen die Flächennormale der Panzerplatte. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich bei dem Eindringvorgang, wobei er sich durch die zunehmende Schrägstellung der beteiligten Flächen in den Stoßbereichen 2 und 3 zunehmend verbessert.When a balancing bullet according to FIG. 1 hits a thick armor plate in a flat manner, after the ballistic hood 118 has broken away, an essentially punctiform mutual contact with good biting effect occurs between the front surface 114 and the armor plate. The pre-core element 12 is deflected transversely to the longitudinal axis A of the floor and increasingly presses with the rear surface against the front surface and after overcoming the cavity 120 with the rounding 22 into the groove 38 of the pre-core element 30. This results in a pivoting of the remaining pre-penetrator 10 and the main core element 80, whose axial fixation is guaranteed by the surface formations in the joint areas 2 and 3 and the heavy metal shell 110 against the surface normal of the armor plate. This process is repeated during the penetration process, whereby it is increasingly improved by the increasing inclination of the surfaces involved in the joint areas 2 and 3.

Die Wirkung, die beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 durch die unterschiedliche Ausbildung der betreffenden Flächen in den Stoßbereichen 1, 2 und 3 erzielt wird, ergibt sich beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 im wesentlichen durch die konische Ausbildung des Dorns 202. Die Ablenkung des Vorkernelements 130 führt erst mit dem Abbrechen des Dorns 202 im Stoßbereich 1 zu der Verschwenkung in Richtung der Flächennormale der Panzerplatte. Beim weiteren Eindringen des Vorpenetrators in das Ziel wird das Verschwenken des verbleibenden Vorpenetrators dadurch erzielt, daß der Dorn 202 infolge seines dort bereits größeren Durchmessers dem Druck des betreffenden Bereichs der Kreistrichterfläche 62 auf die Kegelmantelfläche 172 zunächst einen größeren Widerstand entgegensetzt, dann aber beim Bruch des Dorns die verschwenkende Kraft voll wirksam werden kann. Analog gestaltet sich der Vorgang im Stoßbereich 3, so daß dann das Hauptkernelement 190 unter einem günstigen Winkel voll gegen das Ziel wirksam werden kann.The effect which is achieved in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 by the different design of the surfaces in question in the abutting regions 1, 2 and 3 results in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 essentially by the conical design of the mandrel 202. The deflection of the pre-core element 130 only leads to the pivoting in the direction of the surface normal of the armor plate when the mandrel 202 is broken off in the joint region 1. If the pre-penetrator penetrates further into the target the pivoting of the remaining pre-penetrator is achieved in that the mandrel 202, due to its already larger diameter there, initially opposes the pressure of the relevant area of the circular funnel surface 62 on the conical lateral surface 172 with greater resistance, but then the pivoting force can become fully effective when the mandrel breaks . The process in the joint region 3 is analogous, so that the main core element 190 can then take full effect against the target at a favorable angle.

Beim schweren Einplattenziel wird das Durchschlagsvermögen auf die beschriebene Weise verbessert. Beim Mehrplattenziel wiederholt sich der beschriebene Vorgang wenigstens an jeder dicken Platte. Dabei sind die Vorkernelemente des Vorpenetrators 10 nach ihrer Anzahl, nach dem Werkstoff und ihrer Länge und damit auch nach der jeweiligen Masse einer jeweiligen Zielplattenzahl anpaßbar.In the case of a heavy single-plate target, the penetration is improved in the manner described. With the multi-plate target, the process described is repeated at least on each thick plate. The pre-core elements of the pre-penetrator 10 are adaptable to a number of target plates in terms of their number, the material and their length and thus also the respective mass.

Aus dem Ablenken des jeweiligen nach der Erfindung gestalteten Vorkernelements des Vorpenetrators 10 resultiert in der betreffenden Zielplatte eine Vergrößerung der Einschußöffnung gegenüber dem Geschoßdurchmesser. Dies erweist sich - insbesondere auch bei neuartigen Zielen, beispielsweise mit Glas- und/oder Keramikmoduln, - für das nachfolgenden Hauptkernelement als vorteilhaft: es begünstigt dessen Durchgang durch die betreffende Platte und verbessert damit seine Wirkung gegen nachgeordnete Zielplatten.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
 Deflection of the respective pre-core element of the pre-penetrator 10 designed according to the invention results in an enlargement of the entry opening in relation to the projectile diameter in the target plate in question. This proves to be advantageous for the subsequent main core element, particularly in the case of novel targets, for example with glass and / or ceramic modules: it promotes its passage through the plate in question and thus improves its action against downstream target plates.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003

Claims (4)

1. Sub-calibre arrow stabilised, longitudinally cylindrical and constant-diameter armour-piercing penetrator projectile with a ballistic nose cone (118) and armour piercing front core elements arranged axially one behind the other (12, 30, 50) adjacent to a main core element (80) with a casing (110) which is smooth on the outside and characterised by the following features :
a) the casing (110) extends only from the ballistic nose cone (118) to the forward area of main core element (80), where it is connected with that element ;
b) the external diameter of main core element (80) is the same as the external diameter of casing (110) such that the projectile exhibits a smooth surface of constant diameter ;
c) front core elements (12, 30, 50) are equal in diameter, and each of their front or back surfaces (32, 52, 152, 172) is immediately adjacent to each other or to a front surface (84, 198) of main core element (80) ;
d) the shape of front surfaces (32, 52, 84, 152, 172, 198) and each of the rear surfaces abutting thereto are matched in form, and, in the impact area, are inclined relative to the longitudinal axis (A) of the projectile at an angle of inclination which increases from front to back ;
e) front core elements (12, 30, 50) are held together in a firm seating, with no play. and with main core element (80) by ballistic nose cone (118) which is removably connected with casing (110).
2. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterised in that the front and rear surfaces of the core elements, which are turned towards each other, are made in the form of a circular funnel shaped area (24) with a central hollow, and surface contact areas (22, 38, 40, 60. 66, 94) which face each other in the vicinity of the circumference, each defining the front and rear of a cavity on the peripheral side (120, 122, 124).
3. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterised by the following features :
a) front core element (130) has a central axial blind aperture (146) with an inner surface (148), adjacent front core element (150) has a central axial aperture (166) with an inner surface (168) and adjacent front core element (170) has a central axial aperture (186) with an inner surface (188) ;
b) a circular edge (200) of front part (192) of main core element (190) has a protruding conical pin (202) with a peripheral surface (204) ;
c) pin (202) passes through rearmost front core elements (170 and 150) and the free end (206) extends into blind hole (146) of foremost front core element (130), and
d) inner surfaces (188, 168, 148) of the front core elements tightly embrace peripheral surface (204) of pin (202).
4. Projectile according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the main core element comprises a rear main section (104, 212) which is removably connected with a front section (82, 192) which, together with main section (104, 212) is made in the form of a connecting part for casing (110) on one side and the front core elements on the other side.
EP83101454A 1982-03-17 1983-02-16 Sub-calibre armour-piercing penetrator projectile Expired EP0088898B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83101454T ATE27060T1 (en) 1982-03-17 1983-02-16 UNDER-CALIBRIUS ANTI-PUNISHING BULLET (PENETRATOR).

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19823209593 DE3209593A1 (en) 1982-03-17 1982-03-17 LOW-CALIBRAL ARMORED BULLET RIFLE (PENETRATOR)
DE3209593 1982-03-17

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EP0088898A1 EP0088898A1 (en) 1983-09-21
EP0088898B1 true EP0088898B1 (en) 1987-05-06

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DE3479437D1 (en) * 1983-10-28 1989-09-21 Rheinmetall Gmbh Fin-stabilized subcalibre missile with a high length-to-diameter ratio
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US5834684A (en) * 1996-08-19 1998-11-10 Lockheed Martin Vought Systems Corporation Penetrator having multiple impact segments
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US5988071A (en) 1997-08-21 1999-11-23 Lockheed Martin Corporation Penetrator having multiple impact segments, including an explosive segment
US6662726B1 (en) 1999-03-08 2003-12-16 General Dynamics Ordnance And Tactical Systems, Inc. Kinetic energy penetrator
US6276277B1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2001-08-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Rocket-boosted guided hard target penetrator
FR2871226B1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2006-08-18 Tda Armements Sas Soc Par Acti PROJECTILE, IN PARTICULAR ANTI-INFRASTRUCTURE PENETRATION BOMB AND METHOD OF PENETRATING SUCH A PROJECTILE THROUGH A WALL
US7795567B2 (en) * 2005-04-05 2010-09-14 Raytheon Company Guided kinetic penetrator
US7765934B2 (en) * 2005-05-09 2010-08-03 Ruag Ammotec Lead-free projectile
US8707868B2 (en) 2006-11-30 2014-04-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Pre-compressed penetrator element for projectile
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US10330448B2 (en) * 2015-12-16 2019-06-25 Ruag Ammotec Ag Fragmentation projectile and method for its manufacturing
US20190017791A1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2019-01-17 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Attn: Rdrl-Loc-I Reduced Jacketed Bullet Bore Resistance
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DE3371414D1 (en) 1987-06-11
ATE27060T1 (en) 1987-05-15
DE3209593A1 (en) 1983-09-29
EP0088898A1 (en) 1983-09-21
US4635556A (en) 1987-01-13
US4697525A (en) 1987-10-06

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