EP0075187B1 - Panel of insulating material, particularly mineral fibres - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a plate made of mineral fibers or foams which is intended for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of buildings and for introduction into gaps or cavities between abutments, such as beams or rafters. The term plate is to be understood generally, i.e. the invention is also applicable to other products made of mineral fibers or foams, which occur as webs or rolls or the like.

The area of application of insulation boards for sound and / or heat insulation is very diverse. Mineral fibers are preferred as insulation materials and rock wool among the mineral fibers because of their excellent properties. The mineral fiber boards are preferably used in buildings or structures or components, namely they are attached to beams, especially between beams, beams, rafters etc. So far, the mineral fiber boards have been kept "passive", i.e. they had to be fastened or anchored with special means, e.g. by gluing. For the insulation of buildings in the ceiling area, special constructions are usually provided in which the mineral fiber boards are held by gravity. In many cases mineral fiber plattan is laminated with a film made of aluminum or plastic, the edges of which are protruded and reinforced on both sides of the actual mineral fiber plate, so that these mineral fiber plates are fastened to the film edges by means of clips or the like.

The application of mineral fiber insulation material or mineral fiber insulation material is associated with considerable difficulties in practice, which has various causes. For manufacturing reasons, mineral fiber boards are only manufactured and brought onto the market in certain widths, namely mineral fiber boards are usually only produced in a uniform width of, for example, 62.5 cm. The counterpart shows in practice that the building owner, e.g. Rafters, do not have a uniform distance from each other, Here the clear width between the individual rafters of a roof construction varies, for example, between 52 cm and 80 cm.

When using insulating material, which consists of soft foam material based on plastic, it is possible with less great difficulty to compress the soft foam material more or less and to push it between the rafters, where they are held by a more or less strong clamping effect, especially since this foam material has a very low weight. Due to the high risk to people and materials in the event of a fire, however, the building inspector, the fire brigade and the insurance industry are striving to reduce the importance of the thermal insulation and insulation of buildings due to the energy problems, if possible not with plastic-based foams, but with insulating materials To accomplish mineral fiber base. However, as explained above, fastening systems based on mineral fiber have hitherto been available only relatively difficult to use for the use of insulating materials.

It is conventional technique to produce mineral fiber boards by gluing a pile of mineral fibers to a board by curing binders such as phenolic resins. A mineral fiber plate produced in this way is relatively stiff in the transverse direction, so that it can hardly be compressed by hand, at least not when the mineral fiber plate has such a thickness that it can be used for thermal insulation at all. So if you want to insert such a mineral fiber plate between rafters of different internal widths, this cannot be done by simply squeezing them together, at least if the distance differences, as usual, are more than 1 cm or 2 cm. You then have to cut the mineral fiber boards accordingly, which means not only a considerable loss of work and time, but also a loss of material. But these adapted and cut mineral fiber boards must then be held with special fasteners.

A state of the art according to DE-A-2 018 836 essentially corresponds to that explained above. The fastening device for thermal insulation material described here essentially has double U special profiles, the longitudinal edges of the insulation board in question being to be compressed perpendicular to the board surface, so that these edges between the flanges of each U-profile are kept pressed together. Apart from the differences in the width or the clear width between these U-special profiles, which in turn make it necessary to cut the edges of the panel, the distances between the two legs of the U-profile are smaller than the thickness of the insulating panel, so that the edges can be squeezed together. Since the insulating plates have to be pressed not only on one longitudinal edge, but also on the opposite longitudinal edge between the legs of the U-profiles, it is very difficult to insert them, at least it is hardly possible to push the end faces of the longitudinal edges of the insulating plate into contact with the web of the Bring U profiles. There is always a more or less large air gap parallel to the web, so that air can circulate here, which significantly reduces the insulation capacity. The tight fit of the end faces of the longitudinal edges of the plate is therefore made much more difficult by the special profile shape of the abutment. Furthermore one cannot see from the outside whether and to what extent the U-profiles are filled with the compressed insulating material.

A masonry construction is known from FR-A-336 148, the individual structures being triangular or trapezoidal. When inserting between carriers, e.g. Double-T profiles, these structures can be moved against each other. The building should consist of materials such as plaster, burned earth, cork or the like. At the edges, these structures have special profiles in the manner of tongue and groove or grooves, so that on one hand the flanges of the double-T beams engage in grooves in the end edge profiles of the structures and, on the other hand, the profiles on the oblique edges engage directly or with interposition of special rod-shaped bodies. When moving the massive, practically incompressible structures to each other, more or less large holes remain in the neighboring area of the double-T beams, which have to be filled out in lengthy work.

In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide a sound and / or heat insulating insulation board that is very easy to handle and attach, so that even a layman can process without much effort and without special tools and techniques, such as. previous adjustment to the rafter width by trimming u. Like. Can make. It is also an object of the invention to easily compensate for large differences in width between the structural members. It should also be achieved that the mineral fiber board, if desired, automatically holds by clamping action. Finally, the task is to create a panel that can also be used to subsequently isolate existing buildings, e.g. Old buildings can be used, the rafters without having to remove any roof tiles or at most only individual rows of the roof tiles, or by inserting them into cavities in wall and ceiling structures.

The object is achieved according to the invention by one or more obliquely, from one outer edge of the plate to the opposite outer edge of the sheet running continuously, in such a way that the plate parts thus formed are displaceable against one another, and a loose insertion and in the end position a tight fit between the abutments is made possible .

Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

The associated wedge-like plate parts that form a unit have the surprising advantage that they can be introduced individually into the space intended for recording, for example between the rafters, but that they can then be spared from one another by light pressure or impact that they are against the carriers, e.g. the rafters, and wedged together. It has been found in practice that large differences in width, for example in the clear width between two rafters, can be bridged with one and the same plate of a certain width.

The advantages of the invention are essentially as follows. The plates can be manufactured on conventional production facilities, which means that no investments are required for new plant designs in an existing company, and usually there is also a certain manufacturing risk. The manufacturing costs can thus be easily calculated. Relatively large differences in the distance between the beams, in particular the rafters, can be bridged. The processing is considerably simplified compared to the prior art and can even be carried out by lay people, for example also for the subsequent insulation of attics that have already been cut without the entire roof having to be covered.

• Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Platte mit einem diagonal verlaufenden Schnitt,
• Figur 2 eine Seitenansicht zu Figur 1,
• Figur 3 eine Draufsicht zu Figur 1
• Figur 4 eine Ansicht auf eine Platte gemäß Figur 1, die zwischen zwei Dachsparren eingesetzt ist,
• Figur 5 eine Ansicht gemäß Figur 4, wobei jedoch der Abstand der Dachsparren größer ist,
• Figur 6 eine Ansicht gemäß Figur 4, wobei jedoch der Abstand zwischen den Dachsparren kleiner ist,
• Figur 7 eine Ansicht gemäß Figur 4, wobei die Dachsparren schräg zueinander verlaufen, so daß der Ahstand zwischen zwei Dachsparren unterschiedlich ist,
• Figur 8 eine Ansicht einer Platte mit schräg verlaufendem Schnitt und trapezförmigen Plattenteilen,
• Figur 9 eine Seitenansicht zu Figur 8,
• Figur 10 eine Draufsicht zu Figur 8,
• Figur 11 eine Ansicht gemäß Figur 8, wobei die Platte zwischen Dachsparren eingesetzt ist,
• Figur 12 eine Ansicht gemäß Figur 11, wobei jedoch der Abstand der Dachsparren voneinander größer ist,
• Figur 13 ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus Figur 12 gemäß der strichpunktierten Linie XIII in Figur 12,
• Figur 14 eine Ansicht gemäß Figur 11, wobei jedoch die Dachsparren einen geringeren Abstand voneinander aufweisen,
• Figur 15 eine Ansicht auf eine andere Platte mit Diagonalschnitt,
• Figur 16 eine Draufsicht zu Figur 15,
• Figur 17 und 18 Ansichten anders aufgeschnittener Platten,
• Figur 19 einen Teilvertikalschnitt durch ein Dachgeschoß eines Gebäudes,
• Figur 20 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer anderen Ausgestaltung einer Platte,
• Figur 21 eine Stirnansicht auf die Platte gemäß Figur 20, eingefügt zwischen zwei Deckenbalken und aufliegend auf einer Decke,
• Figur 22 und 23 perspektivische Ansichten von weiteren Plattengestaltungen.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the diagram, namely show

• FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a plate with a diagonally running cut,
• FIG. 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 shows a top view of FIG. 1
• FIG. 4 shows a view of a plate according to FIG. 1, which is inserted between two rafters,
• FIG. 5 shows a view according to FIG. 4, but the distance between the rafters is greater,
• 6 shows a view according to FIG. 4, but the distance between the rafters is smaller,
• FIG. 7 shows a view according to FIG. 4, the rafters running at an angle to one another, so that the distance between two rafters is different,
• FIG. 8 shows a view of a plate with an oblique cut and trapezoidal plate parts,
• FIG. 9 shows a side view of FIG. 8,
• FIG. 10 shows a top view of FIG. 8,
• FIG. 11 shows a view according to FIG. 8, the plate being inserted between rafters,
• FIG. 12 shows a view according to FIG. 11, but the distance between the rafters from one another is greater,
• FIG. 13 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 12 according to the dash-dotted line XIII in FIG. 12,
• FIG. 14 shows a view according to FIG. 11, but the rafters are at a smaller distance from one another,
• FIG. 15 is a view of another plate with a diagonal cut,
• FIG. 16 shows a top view of FIG. 15,
• Figure 17 and 18 views differently cut plates,
• FIG. 19 shows a partial vertical section through an attic of a building,
• FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a plate,
• FIG. 21 shows an end view of the plate according to FIG. 20, inserted between two ceiling beams and lying on a ceiling,
• Figures 22 and 23 are perspective views of further plate designs.

Figures 1 to 3 schematically illustrate an embodiment of a plate 1 according to the invention, which consists of a triangular section along the section line 4 from two triangular plate parts 2, 3. The two plate parts of the plate therefore belong together and form a unit. According to FIG. 4, this plate 1 is inserted between two supports, in the exemplary embodiment shown between two rafters 5, 6. In this case, the width of the plate essentially corresponds to the clear width between the two rafters, so that the two respective plate parts are clamped under pressure between the rafters. In practice, the procedure for inserting the plates is to first insert the bottom plate, i.e. inserting the plates from bottom to top. It is useful to first push the indicated plate part 8 between the rafters, then push the plate part 7 from above between the rafters and push it down so far that there is a clamping effect between the plate parts on the one hand and the rafters on the other. Then follows the insertion of the plate part 3 and then the plate part 2 accordingly.

If the spacing of the rafters 5, 6 according to FIG. 5 is greater in the tolerance range that occurs in practice than in the case of FIG. 4, the plate parts of each plate are inserted one after the other, as described for FIG. 4, but then as far through each other Pressure or impact on the upper side moved that the clamping effect occurs again. By moving the triangular tip parts 11, 12 drawn in dashed lines in the longitudinal direction protrude by the length 9 according to the original dimension, however, in practice, these parts are partly pressed together and partly taken up by the yielding material of the adjacent plate, so that this even results results in an improvement in the clamping effect.

If, in the case of FIG. 6, the rafters 5, 6 have a smaller spacing from one another than in the case of FIG. 4, then, due to the original dimensions, the mutually joining plate parts 2, 3 or 7.8 would result in transversely leading projecting tip parts 13, 14 , which are also compressed and contribute to improving the clamping effect. FIG. 7 illustrates the case in which the rafters 5, 6 run obliquely to one another, so that the clear width 15 increases upwards and the clear width 16 decreases downwards. Even then, it is easy to move the plate parts of each plate belonging together to form a unit, as described for FIGS. 5 and 6, so that clamping occurs in any case.

FIGS. 8 to 10 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a plate 17, in which a cut 20 which runs obliquely from the top to the bottom is provided, so that the plate parts 18, 19 have a trapezoidal shape. In this case, too, the plate parts act like wedges when pushed together and, according to FIG. 11, can be clamped together by means of one another and against the rafters 5, 6.

FIGS. 12 and 13 again illustrate the case in which the rafters 5, 6 have a larger clear width than in the example according to FIG. 11. By moving the plate parts 18, 19 against each other up to the clamping position, small trapezoidal parts 21, 22 protrude into the material of the respective plate 18, 19 and 23, 24, respectively. The mineral fiber or rock wool panels, as explained at the beginning, cannot be pressed together over their entire width to such an extent that the tolerance range that occurs in practice can be bridged between the two rafters, but small projecting parts 21 can be bridged. 22 press together without difficulty, the material of the adjacent plate also yielding somewhat, so that the actual contact surface does not correspond to the dashed line 25, but rather roughly to the solid line 26.

If the clear width between the rafters 5.6 according to FIG. 14 is smaller than in the case of FIG. 11, the plate parts 18, 19 can also be pushed together from above as far as possible until a good clamping effect is achieved, so that the material in the Area on both sides of the section line 20, as exaggeratedly illustrated by the dash-dotted lines 27 and possibly compressed in the edge area after the two rafters. This is possible because the plate parts can be moved against each other like wedges. If the rafters have a particularly small clear width and the plate parts do not shift so far to each other that the baselines of the two plate parts belonging together have the same height, there may be small holes in front of the small, end faces of the trapezoidal plate parts, which you can then but can easily be filled with loose mineral wool.

In the case of larger widths and, above all, the subsequent filling of cavities in building walls in which there are spacers, it can be advantageous to cut a plate 36 according to FIG. 17 into more than two plate parts, for example into the plate parts 37 to 40, in which case it is then expedient to first insert the two plate parts 37 and 38 and then the plate parts 39 and 40 into the cavity. Another division of a plate 41 into four trapezoidal plate parts 42 to 45 is illustrated in FIG. 18. In this case, it is expedient first to insert the plate parts 43 and 44 and then the plate parts 42 and 45 into the cavity and to compress them until the hold is achieved by clamping action is.

It applies to all of the plates explained above that these can also be surrounded on one side or on both sides or on the entire circumference by an aluminum or plastic or paper film, as shown in FIGS. Under the circumference, the front and back of the plate as well as the two on the supports, e.g. Rafters, adjacent side surfaces understood, while the upper and lower end of the plate remain open according to Figure 15. In order to make the diagonally or diagonally running cutting surfaces more easily displaceable relative to one another, these mutually contacting surfaces can also be laminated with a corresponding film.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 15 and 16, the plate 28 is cut into two plate parts 29, 30 by means of a diagonal cut according to the cutting line 31, specifically the cut also goes through the laminated film 32, which in turn is reinforced on the longitudinal edges 33, 34 is. The plate according to this embodiment is particularly suitable for insertion between rafters if they are freely accessible with the attic not yet removed. Although the plate 28 holds itself between the rafters by means of a clamping action, the reinforced edge strips 33 34 can be fastened to the rafters by means of clips or the like. The laminated film can be stuck over with an adhesive tape along the cutting line, as indicated by dash-dotted lines 35. It is also advisable to apply an adhesive tape to the horizontal joints, i.e. at the points where the individual panels placed one above the other meet.

Figure 19 illustrates particularly important possible uses for the plate according to the invention. If, for example, the top floor 48 of a building has already been removed, which is to be indicated by the ceiling construction 47, it is generally sufficient to remove only one or possibly two rows of roof tiles 48. Then you can insert the plate parts of the successively inserted plates 50, 51 and 52 in the direction of arrow 49 and, as explained, bring them into the clamping position by pressure from above. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the insulation with plates 53 and 54, the latter being able to be inserted into the space between the wall parts 57 and 58 from above in the direction of arrow 58, if necessary, after removing a number of roof tiles 55.

In many cases, especially when retrofitting old buildings, it is also possible to enter the small triangular or differently designed roof space above the ceiling structure 47 in Figure 19 and, since the rafters are freely accessible here, the panels according to the invention in from this room to insert the cavities above the ceiling structure 47 without having to remove any roof tiles.

In the above-described exemplary embodiments of the plate according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 18, the cuts are made perpendicular to the large surfaces of the plates lying opposite one another. These plates are particularly suitable for use in all cases in which the clamping effect between carriers and accordingly self-retention are important. In all these cases there is also the advantage that the thickness of the insulation remains the same everywhere.

In some cases, the panels are used in places of a building, for example above a ceiling or formwork, so that the panels are supported by the ceiling or formwork. In this case, it is not so important to use the clamping effect described above for self-supporting, rather the focus here is on being able to vary the thickness of the desired insulation as desired and according to the circumstances within a certain range, which in turn can be achieved by moving each other associated plate parts can be done. In these latter cases, it is expedient to have the cuts run perpendicular to the narrow end faces lying opposite one another.

Figure 20 shows an embodiment of such a plate 59, consisting of two plate parts 60 and 61, wherein the cut is made according to the diagonal lines 64 and 65 so that it is perpendicular to the opposite narrow end faces, the end faces 62, 63 thus receive a triangular shape .

FIG. 21 shows the use of such a plate according to FIG. 20 on a ceiling 66, which can run essentially horizontally, and between two supports 67, 68 running perpendicular to the image plane, which are designed, for example, as wooden beams. In this embodiment, the main advantage is that the triangular plate parts 60, 61 in front view can be shifted against each other so that they can be pressed close to the support 67, 68 in any case and is easily avoided that any voids , Gaps or gaps between the insulation on one side and the beams, possibly also the ceiling on the other.

Figure 22 illustrates in perspective another embodiment of a plate, wherein the cut 69 is provided such that a plate part 70 has a triangular shape in front view and another plate part 71 has a trapezoidal shape in front view.

In another variant according to FIG. 23, two cuts 72 and 73 are provided in such a way that two outer plate parts 74, 75 have a triangular shape in front view and the intermediate plate part 76 has a trapezoidal shape in front view.

It should be expressly noted here that, depending on the application, the exemplary embodiments of the plates explained above can also be combined with one another.

Claims (8)

1. Panel of mineral fibres or of foam materials, which is intended for the thermal and/or sound insulation of buildings and for installation in gaps or cavities between supports, such as beams or rafters, characterised by one or more cuts extending obliquely and continuously in a straight line from one outer edge of the panel to the opposite outer edge of the panel so that the panel parts formed in this way are able to move with respect to each other and loose installation and in the final position close fitting between the supports is facilitated.

2. Panel according to Claim 1, characterised in that a diagonal cut is provided, so that the panel parts have a triangular shape in elevation.

3. Panel according to Claim 1, characterised in that a cut extending obliquely is provided so that the panel parts have a trapezoidal shape in elevation.

4. Panel according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the cuts extend at right angles to the opposing large surfaces.

5. Panel according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the cuts extend at right angles to the opposing narrow end faces.

6. Panel according to Claim 5, characterised in that a cut is provided so that in end view a panel part has a triangular shape and a further panel part has a trapezoidal shape in end view.

7. Panel according to Claim 5, characterised in that two cuts are provided so that in end view two outer panel parts have a triangular shape and the panel part located therebetween has a trapezoidal shape in end view.

8. Panel according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised by single or multi-sided lining with a plastics or aluminium foil, in which case the foil is likewise cut.

Images